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Byzantine calendar - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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<span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="تقويم بيزنطي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقويم بيزنطي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendariu_bizant%C3%ADn" title="Calendariu bizantín – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Calendariu bizantín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizans_t%C9%99qvimi" title="Bizans təqvimi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bizans təqvimi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="বাইজেন্টাইন বর্ষপঞ্জি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাইজেন্টাইন বর্ষপঞ্জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бізантыйскі каляндар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бізантыйскі каляндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Calendari romà d'Orient – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calendari romà d'Orient" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantinischer_Kalender" title="Byzantinischer Kalender – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Byzantinischer Kalender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCtsantsi_kalender" title="Bütsantsi kalender – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bütsantsi kalender" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βυζαντινό ημερολόγιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βυζαντινό ημερολόγιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Byzantine calendar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_bizantino" title="Calendario bizantino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario bizantino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizanca_kalendaro" title="Bizanca kalendaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bizanca kalendaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizantziar_egutegia" title="Bizantziar egutegia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizantziar egutegia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="گاهشماری بیزانسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاهشماری بیزانسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrier_byzantin" title="Calendrier byzantin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calendrier byzantin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%84%EB%B2%95" title="동로마 기년법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동로마 기년법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բյուզանդական շրջան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բյուզանդական շրջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_Romawi_Timur" title="Kalender Romawi Timur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalender Romawi Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_bizantino" title="Calendario bizantino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calendario bizantino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99" title="הלוח הביזנטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלוח הביזנטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბიზანტიური კალენდარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიზანტიური კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Византия күнтізбесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Византия күнтізбесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizantie%C5%A1u_kalend%C4%81rs" title="Bizantiešu kalendārs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bizantiešu kalendārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A4io_bizant%C3%ACn" title="Calendäio bizantìn – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Calendäio bizantìn" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biz%C3%A1nci_napt%C3%A1r" title="Bizánci naptár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bizánci naptár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Византиски календар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Византиски календар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბიზანტიური კალენდარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბიზანტიური კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%89" title="تقويم بيزنطى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تقويم بيزنطى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83" title="世界創造紀元 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="世界創造紀元" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarz_bizanty%C5%84ski" title="Kalendarz bizantyński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalendarz bizantyński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_bizantin%C4%83" title="Era bizantină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Era bizantină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Византийский календарь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Византийский календарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A0riu_bizantinu" title="Calendàriu bizantinu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Calendàriu bizantinu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carigrajski_koledar" title="Carigrajski koledar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Carigrajski koledar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%98%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ڕۆژژمێری بیزەنتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژژمێری بیزەنتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Византијски календар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Византијски календар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizantijski_kalendar" title="Vizantijski kalendar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vizantijski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysanttilainen_ajanlasku" title="Bysanttilainen ajanlasku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bysanttilainen ajanlasku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysantinska_kalendern" title="Bysantinska kalendern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bysantinska kalendern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizans_takvimi" title="Bizans takvimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bizans takvimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Візантійський календар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Візантійський календар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%82%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89" title="ۋىزانتىيە تەقۋىمى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋىزانتىيە تەقۋىمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%8E%86" title="拜占庭历 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拜占庭历" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1982627#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Byzantine calendar</b> was a calendar used by the <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" title="Catholicism">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> from the year 691 A.D. to 1728. It was also used by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine empire">Byzantine empire</a> from 988 A.D. to 1453, when the empire fell, and by <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> from 988 A.D. to 1700. The Byzantine calendar is like the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, but the year starts on 1 September instead of 1 January.<sup id="cite_ref-Bunson142_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bunson142-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Year one of the Byzantine calendar is from 1 September, 5509 B.C. to 31 August, 5508 B.C. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_calendar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Background" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_calendar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Background"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Schism" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Schism">Great Schism</a>, dated to 1054, created two religions from what was formerly one.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Western part later became the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholic Church</a>. The Eastern part is known as the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> Church. At that time the Roman Catholic church used the Julian calendar. In 1453 the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> collapsed ending the use of their calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But others still used it, notably Russia. Numbering differences began to appear when the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> was introduced in 1582 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Pope Gregory XIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_differences">Other differences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_calendar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Other differences" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_calendar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Other differences"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman calendar</a> did not include dates for <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hynesvii_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hynesvii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Byzantine calendar does.<sup id="cite_ref-Hynesvii_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hynesvii-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russia">Russia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_calendar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Russia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_calendar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Russia"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_great" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter the great">Peter the great</a> became <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> in 1682.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time the Russians used a form of the Julian calendar with Byzantine influence.<sup id="cite_ref-EvansNOVA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvansNOVA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The calendar year started on 1 September and not 1 January. The years were numbered from the date given as earth's creation and not from the birth of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>. Peter changed the calendar to start on January 1 and numbered the years from Christ's birth. But he continued basing the calendar on the Julian system instead of the Gregorian calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-EvansNOVA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvansNOVA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early 1800s the Russian calendar was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar used by <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">western Europe</a>. So dating something between the two systems became a problem. Dating notations such as 1 March O.S. (meaning Old Style, Julian or Russian) were used. Another <a href="/wiki/Example" title="Example">example</a> is 16 May 1582 N.S. (New Style or Gregorian calendar). Other notations included both: 25 October/6 November 1917, trying to show how the same day appeared in different calendars.<sup id="cite_ref-EvansNOVA_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EvansNOVA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 1700, by <a href="/wiki/Decree" class="mw-redirect" title="Decree">decree</a> of Peter the Great, the Russian/Byzantine calendar was no longer used.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_calendar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine_calendar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bunson142-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bunson142_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Bunson, <i>The Catholic Almanac's Guide to the Church</i> (Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor, 2001), p. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Central and South-Eastern Europe 2004</i> (London; New York: Europa Publications, 2003), p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byzantineempires.org/byzantine-empire-calendar.html">"Byzantine Empire Calendar"</a>. ByzantineEmpires.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Empire+Calendar&rft.pub=ByzantineEmpires.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.byzantineempires.org%2Fbyzantine-empire-calendar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AByzantine+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/gregorian-calendar.html">"The Gregorian calendar"</a>. Time and Date AS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gregorian+calendar&rft.pub=Time+and+Date+AS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Fcalendar%2Fgregorian-calendar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AByzantine+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hynesvii-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hynesvii_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hynesvii_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Ellen Hynes; Peter Mazar, <i>Companion to the Calendar</i> (Chicago, IL: Liturgy Training Publications, 1993), p. vii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/peter-the-great-9542228">"Peter the Great Biography"</a>. Bio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+the+Great+Biography&rft.pub=Bio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fpeter-the-great-9542228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AByzantine+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EvansNOVA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EvansNOVA_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EvansNOVA_7-1">7.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EvansNOVA_7-2">7.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFC._T._Evans" class="citation web cs1">C. T. Evans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his241/Notes/Calendar.html">"Notes on the Russian Calendar"</a>. Northern Virginia Community College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notes+on+the+Russian+Calendar&rft.pub=Northern+Virginia+Community+College&rft.au=C.+T.+Evans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnovaonline.nvcc.edu%2Feli%2Fevans%2Fhis241%2FNotes%2FCalendar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AByzantine+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James Cracraft, ''<i>The Revolution of Peter the Great</i> (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), p. 124</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.canary‐777dfbb4d6‐jczdn Cached time: 20241116143903 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.120 seconds Real time usage: 0.149 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 311/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5369/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 82/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16169/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.070/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2917961/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 127.797 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 127.797 1 -total 81.82% 104.559 4 Template:Cite_web 1.71% 2.190 1 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key simplewiki:pcache:idhash:526946-0!canonical and timestamp 20241116143903 and revision id 7559964. 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