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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_responses,_idols_and_effect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Critical responses, idols and effect </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Critical_responses,_idols_and_effect-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Critical responses, idols and effect subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Critical_responses,_idols_and_effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inspiration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inspiration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Inspiration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inspiration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Relationships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pamela_Lane_(1951–57)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamela_Lane_(1951–57)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Pamela Lane (1951–57) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pamela_Lane_(1951–57)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mary_Ure_(1957–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mary_Ure_(1957–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Mary Ure (1957–1963) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mary_Ure_(1957–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penelope_Gilliatt_(1963–68)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penelope_Gilliatt_(1963–68)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Penelope Gilliatt (1963–68) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penelope_Gilliatt_(1963–68)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jill_Bennett_(1968–1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jill_Bennett_(1968–1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4 Jill Bennett (1968–1977) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jill_Bennett_(1968–1977)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helen_Dawson_(1978–1994)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helen_Dawson_(1978–1994)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.5 Helen Dawson (1978–1994) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helen_Dawson_(1978–1994)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Vegetarianism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Archive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">John Osborne</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" > 39 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جون أوسبورن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون أوسبورن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جان آزبرن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان آزبرن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Джон Осбарн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Осбарн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Джон Озбърн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Озбърн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Джон Осборн – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джон Осборн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD_(%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82)" title="Τζων Όσμπορν (θεατρικός συγγραφέας) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζων Όσμπορν (θεατρικός συγγραφέας)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Osborne" title="John James Osborne – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John James Osborne" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جان آزبرن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان آزبرن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%B3%B8" title="존 오스본 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 오스본" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6" title="Ջոն Օսբորն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Օսբորն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="ג'ון אוסבורן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון אוסבורן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Џон Озборн – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џон Озборн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8)" title="جون اوسبورن (كاتب) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون اوسبورن (كاتب)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3_(%E5%8A%87%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6)" title="ジョン・オズボーン (劇作家) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・オズボーン (劇作家)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੌਨ ਓਸਬਰਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੌਨ ਓਸਬਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Осборн, Джон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осборн, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEon_Ozborn" title="Džon Ozborn – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Džon Ozborn" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Osborne" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Джон Осборн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Осборн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q313841#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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(May 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. 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Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22John+Osborne%22">"John Osborne"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22John+Osborne%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22John+Osborne%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22John+Osborne%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22John+Osborne%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22John+Osborne%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (May 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English playwright (1929–1994)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named John Osborne, see <a href="/wiki/John_Osborne_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="John Osborne (disambiguation)">John Osborne (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">John Osborne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Osborne_(playwright).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Osborne in 1970"><img alt="Osborne in 1970" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/John_Osborne_%28playwright%29.jpg/220px-John_Osborne_%28playwright%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0d/John_Osborne_%28playwright%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Osborne in 1970</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">John James Osborne (1929-12-12)12 December 1929 <a href="/wiki/Fulham" title="Fulham">Fulham</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">24 December 1994(1994-12-24) (aged 65) <a href="/wiki/Clun" title="Clun">Clun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Playwright</li><li>Screenwriter</li><li>Political activist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1950–1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink drama</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Angry_young_men" title="Angry young men">Angry Young Men</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a> <a href="/wiki/Inadmissible_Evidence" title="Inadmissible Evidence">Inadmissible Evidence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Play">Tony Award for Best Play</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luther_(play)" title="Luther (play)">Luther</a>, <a href="/wiki/18th_Tony_Awards" title="18th Tony Awards">1964</a>) <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/36th_Academy_Awards" title="36th Academy Awards">1964</a>) <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay">BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/17th_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="17th British Academy Film Awards">1964</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Pamela Lane <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ure" title="Mary Ure">Mary Ure</a> <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a> <a href="/wiki/Jill_Bennett_(British_actress)" title="Jill Bennett (British actress)">Jill Bennett</a> <a href="/wiki/Helen_Osborne" title="Helen Osborne">Helen Dawson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1</td></tr></tbody></table> John James Osborne (12 December 1929 – 24 December 1994) was an English playwright, screenwriter, actor, and entrepreneur, who is regarded as one of the most influential figures in <a href="/wiki/Post-war_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" title="Post-war Britain (1945–1979)">post-war</a> <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Born in London, he briefly worked as a journalist<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> before starting out in theatre as a stage manager and actor.<a href="#cite_note-:1-5">[5]</a> He lived in poverty for several years before his third produced play, <a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a> (1956), brought him national fame.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Based on Osborne's volatile relationship with his first wife, Pamela Lane, it is considered the first work of <a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">kitchen sink realism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-8">[8]</a> initiating a movement which made use of <a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">social realism</a> and domestic settings to address disillusion with British society in the waning years of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:10-9">[9]</a> The phrase “<a href="/wiki/Angry_young_men" title="Angry young men">angry young man</a>”, coined by George Fearon to describe Osborne when promoting the play, came to embody the predominantly <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> and <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> writers within this movement. Osborne was considered its leading figure<a href="#cite_note-:11-10">[10]</a> due to his often controversial left-wing politics,<a href="#cite_note-:3-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-12">[12]</a> though critics nevertheless noted a conservative strain even in his early writing.<a href="#cite_note-:5-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a> (1957), <a href="/wiki/Luther_(play)" title="Luther (play)">Luther</a> (1961), and <a href="/wiki/Inadmissible_Evidence" title="Inadmissible Evidence">Inadmissable Evidence</a> (1964) were also well-received,<a href="#cite_note-:2-14">[14]</a> Luther winning the <a href="/wiki/18th_Tony_Awards" title="18th Tony Awards">1964</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Play">Tony Award for Best Play</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> though reception to his later plays was less favourable.<a href="#cite_note-BadJohn-16">[16]</a> During this period Osborne began writing and acting for television<a href="#cite_note-:13-8">[8]</a> and appearing in films, most notably as crime boss Cyril Kinnear in <a href="/wiki/Get_Carter" title="Get Carter">Get Carter</a> (1971).<a href="#cite_note-wake-17">[17]</a> In 1958, Osborne joined Look Back in Anger director <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> and film producer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Saltzman" title="Harry Saltzman">Harry Saltzman</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Woodfall_Film_Productions" title="Woodfall Film Productions">Woodfall Film Productions</a>, in order to produce Richardson's <a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger_(1959_film)" title="Look Back in Anger (1959 film)">1959 film adaptation of Anger</a> and other works of kitchen sink realism, spearheading the <a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a>. This included Osborne-penned adaptations of <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(film)" title="The Entertainer (film)">the Entertainer</a> (1960) (co-written by <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Kneale" title="Nigel Kneale">Nigel Kneale</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Inadmissible_Evidence_(film)" title="Inadmissible Evidence (film)">Inadmissible Evidence</a> (1968), as well as the <a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">period</a> <a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">comedy</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a> (1963), for which he won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Best Adapted Screenplay</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-18">[18]</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">BAFTA Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay">Best British Screenplay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Osborne was married five times, but the first four were troubled by affairs and his mistreatment of his partners.<a href="#cite_note-Meyers-20">[20]</a> In 1978 he married <a href="/wiki/Helen_Osborne" title="Helen Osborne">Helen Dawson</a>, and from 1986 they lived in rural <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-21">[21]</a> He wrote two volumes of autobiography, <a href="/wiki/A_Better_Class_of_Person" title="A Better Class of Person">A Better Class of Person</a> (1981) and Almost a Gentleman (1991), and a collection of his non-fiction writing, Damn You, England, was published in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-:8-22">[22]</a> He died from complications of diabetes on 24 December of that year at the age of 65.<a href="#cite_note-:9-23">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Osborne was born on 12 December 1929<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> in London, the son of Thomas Godfrey Osborne, a commercial artist and advertising <a href="/wiki/Copywriting" title="Copywriting">copywriter</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Welsh</a> ancestry, and Nellie Beatrice Grove, a <a href="/wiki/Cockney" title="Cockney">Cockney</a> barmaid.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 1936, the family moved to the north Surrey suburb of <a href="/wiki/Stoneleigh,_Surrey" title="Stoneleigh, Surrey">Stoneleigh</a>, where Thomas's mother had already settled.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Osborne, however, would regard it as a cultural desert – a school friend declared subsequently that "he thought [we] were a lot of dull, uninteresting people."<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> He adored his father but hated his mother,<a href="#cite_note-ratcliffe-29">[29]</a> whom he described as "hypocritical, self-absorbed, calculating and indifferent."<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Thomas Osborne died in 1940, leaving the young boy an insurance settlement which he used to pay for a private education at Belmont College, a minor public school in <a href="/wiki/Barnstaple" title="Barnstaple">Barnstaple</a>, Devon.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> He entered the school in 1943, but was expelled in the summer term of 1945.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Osborne claimed this was for hitting the headmaster, who had struck him for listening to a broadcast by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, but another former pupil asserted that Osborne was caught fighting with other pupils and did not assault the headmaster.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> A <a href="/wiki/School_Certificate_(United_Kingdom)" title="School Certificate (United Kingdom)">School Certificate</a> was the only formal qualification he acquired.<a href="#cite_note-ratcliffe-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> After school, Osborne went home to his mother in London and briefly tried trade journalism.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> A job tutoring a touring company of junior actors introduced him to the theatre. He soon became involved as a <a href="/wiki/Stage_management" title="Stage management">stage manager</a> and actor and joined <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Creighton" title="Anthony Creighton">Anthony Creighton</a>'s provincial touring company.<a href="#cite_note-:1-5">[5]</a> Osborne tried his hand at writing plays, co-writing his first, The Devil Inside Him, with his mentor <a href="/wiki/Stella_Linden" title="Stella Linden">Stella Linden</a>, who directed it at the Theatre Royal in <a href="/wiki/Huddersfield" title="Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a> in 1950. In June 1951 Osborne married Pamela Lane.<a href="#cite_note-PamLanobit-35">[35]</a> His second play, <a href="/wiki/Personal_Enemy" title="Personal Enemy">Personal Enemy</a>, was written with Anthony Creighton, with whom he later wrote <a href="/wiki/Epitaph_for_George_Dillon" title="Epitaph for George Dillon">Epitaph for George Dillon</a>, staged at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court</a> in 1958. Personal Enemy was staged in regional theatres before he submitted <a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Look_Back_in_Anger">Look Back in Anger</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Look Back in Anger">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a> was written in 17 days in a deck chair on <a href="/wiki/Morecambe" title="Morecambe">Morecambe</a> pier where Osborne was performing in <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Hastings_(playwright)" title="Hugh Hastings (playwright)">Hugh Hastings'</a> play <a href="/wiki/Seagulls_Over_Sorrento_(play)" title="Seagulls Over Sorrento (play)">Seagulls over Sorrento</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Repertory_theatre" title="Repertory theatre">repertory theatre</a>. Osborne's play is largely autobiographical,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-sierz-38">[38]</a> based on his time living, and arguing, with Pamela Lane in cramped accommodation in <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>, while she had an affair with a local dentist.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> It was submitted to several agents in London, who rejected it. In his autobiography, Osborne writes: "The speed with which it had been returned was not surprising, but its aggressive dispatch did give me a kind of baffled relief. It was like being grasped at the upper arm by a testy policeman and told to move on".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Finally it was sent to the new <a href="/wiki/English_Stage_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="English Stage Company">English Stage Company</a> at London's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Formed by actor-manager and <a href="/wiki/Artistic_director" title="Artistic director">artistic director</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Devine" title="George Devine">George Devine</a>, the company had seen its first two productions perform disappointingly.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Devine was prepared to gamble on this play because he saw in it a powerful articulation of a new post-war spirit.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Osborne was living on a houseboat with Creighton at Cubitts Yacht Basin in <a href="/wiki/Chiswick" title="Chiswick">Chiswick</a><a href="#cite_note-CBF_Writers_Trail-46">[46]</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> at the time and eating stewed <a href="/wiki/Urtica_dioica" title="Urtica dioica">nettles</a> from the riverbank.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> When Devine accepted the play, he had to row out to the houseboat to speak to Osborne.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The play was directed by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> and starred <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Haigh" title="Kenneth Haigh">Kenneth Haigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ure" title="Mary Ure">Mary Ure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> George Fearon, a press officer at the theatre, used the phrase "<a href="/wiki/Angry_young_men" title="Angry young men">angry young man</a>" when promoting Look Back in Anger. He told Osborne that he disliked the play and feared it would be impossible to market.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Reviews of Look Back in Anger were mixed: most of the critics who attended the first night felt it was a failure.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Positive reviews from <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tynan" title="Kenneth Tynan">Kenneth Tynan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hobson" title="Harold Hobson">Harold Hobson</a>, however, plus a TV broadcast of Act 2, helped create interest, and the play transferred successfully to the <a href="/wiki/Lyric_Theatre_(Hammersmith)" title="Lyric Theatre (Hammersmith)">Lyric Theatre (Hammersmith)</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>, later touring to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> A film version was released in May 1959 with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> and Mary Ure in the leading roles.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The play brought Osborne fame<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> and won him the <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Standard Awards">Evening Standard Drama Award</a> as the most promising playwright of 1956.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> During production Osborne, then married, began a relationship with (Eileen) Mary Ure, and would divorce his wife, Pamela Lane, to marry Ure in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Ure died in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Entertainer_and_into_the_1960s">The Entertainer and into the 1960s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Entertainer and into the 1960s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Osborne_by_Reginald_Gray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/John_Osborne_by_Reginald_Gray.jpg/180px-John_Osborne_by_Reginald_Gray.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/John_Osborne_by_Reginald_Gray.jpg/270px-John_Osborne_by_Reginald_Gray.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/John_Osborne_by_Reginald_Gray.jpg/360px-John_Osborne_by_Reginald_Gray.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>Osborne by Irish artist <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Gray_(artist)" title="Reginald Gray (artist)">Reginald Gray</a>, London (1957)</figcaption></figure> When he first saw Look Back in Anger, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> had a poor opinion of the play.<a href="#cite_note-It's_me,_isn't_it?-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> At the time, Olivier was making a film of Rattigan's <a href="/wiki/The_Prince_and_the_Showgirl" title="The Prince and the Showgirl">The Prince and the Showgirl</a> co-starring <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a>, and she was accompanied to London by her husband <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a>. Olivier asked the American dramatist what plays he might want to see in London. Based on its title, Miller suggested Osborne's work; Olivier tried to dissuade him, but the playwright was insistent and the two of them saw it together.<a href="#cite_note-It's_me,_isn't_it?-61">[61]</a> Miller found the play revelatory, and they went backstage to meet Osborne. Olivier was impressed by the American's reaction and asked Osborne for a part in his next play. <a href="/wiki/George_Devine" title="George Devine">George Devine</a>, artistic director of the Royal Court, sent Olivier the incomplete script of <a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a>. Olivier eventually took the central role as failing <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music-hall</a> performer Archie Rice, playing successfully both at the Royal Court and in the West End.<a href="#cite_note-It's_me,_isn't_it?-61">[61]</a> The Entertainer uses the metaphor of the dying music hall tradition and its eclipse by early <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> to comment on the declining influence of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and its eclipse by the increasing influence of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, as illustrated during the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> of November 1956 which forms the backdrop to the play. The Entertainer found critical acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-:2-14">[14]</a> Osborne followed The Entertainer with <a href="/wiki/The_World_of_Paul_Slickey" title="The World of Paul Slickey">The World of Paul Slickey</a> (1959), a musical that satirizes the tabloid press;<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> the televised documentary play A Subject of Scandal and Concern (1960);<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-wake-17">[17]</a> and the double bill Plays for England, comprising <a href="/wiki/The_Blood_of_the_Bambergs" title="The Blood of the Bambergs">The Blood of the Bambergs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Under_Plain_Cover" title="Under Plain Cover">Under Plain Cover</a> (1962).<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Luther_(play)" title="Luther (play)">Luther</a>, depicting the life of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, was first performed in 1961; it transferred to Broadway and won Osborne a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-billington-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Inadmissible_Evidence" title="Inadmissible Evidence">Inadmissible Evidence</a> was first performed in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-billington-66">[66]</a> In between these plays, Osborne won an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a> for his 1963 screenplay adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-18">[18]</a> His 1965 play, <a href="/wiki/A_Patriot_for_Me" title="A Patriot for Me">A Patriot for Me</a>, draws on the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Redl" title="Alfred Redl">Redl</a> case, involving themes of <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> and espionage, and helped to end the system of theatrical <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain#Theatre_censorship" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Both A Patriot For Me and The Hotel in Amsterdam (1968) won <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Standard Awards">Evening Standard Best Play of the Year awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The Hotel in Amsterdam features three showbiz couples in a hotel suite, having fled a tyrannical movie producer, referred to as "K.L."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Osborne's biographer <a href="/wiki/John_Heilpern" title="John Heilpern">John Heilpern</a> asserts that "K.L." was meant to represent director and producer <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s_and_later_life">1970s and later life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1970s and later life">edit</a>]</div> John Osborne's plays in the 1970s included West of Suez, starring <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a>; 1975's The End of Me Old Cigar; and Watch It Come Down, starring <a href="/wiki/Frank_Finlay" title="Frank Finlay">Frank Finlay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Theatre historian <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Hartnoll" title="Phyllis Hartnoll">Phyllis Hartnoll</a> wrote that Osborne's work of this period "failed to enhance his reputation": his fellow playwright <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a> recalled "frozen embarrassment" at the premiere of Watch It Come Down, though <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ellmann" title="Richard Ellmann">Richard Ellmann</a>, reviewing an early performance, noticed unintentional audience laughter.<a href="#cite_note-Hartnoll-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-BadJohn-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Perhaps his most harshly received work from this era was A Sense of Detachment (1972), which has no plot and features a scene where an elderly lady recites at length from a <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">hardcore porn</a> catalogue. Part of the play involves actors planted in the audience pretending to protest, though after this began to trigger actual heckling, actress <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Kempson" title="Rachel Kempson">Rachel Kempson</a> leapt into the stalls and assaulted some of the troublemakers in a much publicised incident. A representative review in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> declared, "This must surely be an end to his career in the theatre".<a href="#cite_note-Hartnoll-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-BadJohn-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heilpern_Guardian-76">[76]</a> During that decade Osborne played the role of gangster Cyril Kinnear in <a href="/wiki/Get_Carter" title="Get Carter">Get Carter</a> (1971).<a href="#cite_note-wake-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-screenonline-77">[77]</a> Later, he appeared in <a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Comes" title="Tomorrow Never Comes">Tomorrow Never Comes</a> (1978) and <a href="/wiki/Flash_Gordon_(film)" title="Flash Gordon (film)">Flash Gordon</a> (1980).<a href="#cite_note-screenonline-77">[77]</a> Osborne's later public image differed from his 'angry young man' persona of the 1950s. From 1986, Osbourne and his wife Helen lived at <a href="/wiki/The_Hurst" title="The Hurst">The Hurst</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Clunton" title="Clunton">Clunton</a> in rural <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-21">[21]</a> Increasingly his life resembled that of an old-fashioned country gentleman.<a href="#cite_note-:6-78">[78]</a> He wrote a diary for conservative British magazine <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>, a publication that when young he had been contemptuous of.<a href="#cite_note-:7-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> He raised money for the local church roof by opening his garden to the public, and threatened to withdraw funding for this unless the vicar restored the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a> (Osborne had returned to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> in about 1974).<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Mount" title="Ferdinand Mount">Ferdinand Mount</a> draws a contrast between this devotion to Anglican ritual and the opening of Look Back in Anger, with Jimmy Porter railing against the sound of church bells.<a href="#cite_note-mount-82">[82]</a> In 2003 the Osbourne's residence was opened as a residential retreat for writers by the <a href="/wiki/Arvon_Foundation" title="Arvon Foundation">Arvon Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC03-83">[83]</a> In the last two decades of his life Osborne published two volumes of <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Better_Class_of_Person" title="A Better Class of Person">A Better Class of Person</a> (1981) and Almost a Gentleman (1991). Reviewing the first of these books, Alan Bennett wrote, "It is immensely enjoyable, is written with great gusto and Osborne has had better notices for it than for any of his plays since Inadmissible Evidence."<a href="#cite_note-BadJohn-16">[16]</a> A Better Class of Person was filmed by <a href="/wiki/Thames_Television" title="Thames Television">Thames Television</a> in 1985, featuring <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Atkins" title="Eileen Atkins">Eileen Atkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a> as his parents, and Gary Capelin and <a href="/wiki/Neil_McPherson_(artistic_director)" title="Neil McPherson (artistic director)">Neil McPherson</a> as Osborne.<a href="#cite_note-O'Connor-84">[84]</a> It was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Prix_Italia" title="Prix Italia">Prix Italia</a>. Osborne's last play was <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9j%C3%A0vu" title="Déjàvu">Déjàvu</a> (1992), a sequel to Look Back in Anger. Various of his newspaper and magazine writings appeared in a collection entitled Damn You, England (1994),<a href="#cite_note-:8-22">[22]</a> while his two autobiographical volumes were reissued as Looking Back – Never Explain, Never Apologise (1999).<a href="#cite_note-mount-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_responses,_idols_and_effect">Critical responses, idols and effect</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Critical responses, idols and effect">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inspiration">Inspiration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inspiration">edit</a>]</div> Osborne described his childhood home as a place "where books... were almost completely disregarded".<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> One of the role models he identified was not a literary figure but a popular entertainer. Osborne was a great fan of comic <a href="/wiki/Max_Miller_(comedian)" title="Max Miller (comedian)">Max Miller</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> and saw parallels between them: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I love him (Max Miller), because he embodied a kind of theatre I admire most. 'Mary from the Dairy' was an overture to the danger that (Max) might go too far. Whenever anyone tells me that a scene or a line in a play of mine goes too far in some way then I know my instinct has been functioning as it should. When such people tell you that a particular passage makes the audience uneasy or restless, then they seem (to me) as cautious and absurd as landladies and girls-who-won't.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></blockquote> He claimed that it was his childhood memories of <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> that inspired The Entertainer, "not, as I was told authoritatively by others, the influence of <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a>".<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact">Impact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Impact">edit</a>]</div> Osborne's work transformed British theatre.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> He helped to make it artistically respected again, throwing off the formal constraints of the former generation, and turning public attention once more to language, theatrical rhetoric, and emotional intensity.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As a young man he decided 'it was a beholden duty at all times for me to kick against the pricks';<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> he saw theatre as a weapon with which ordinary people could break down class barriers.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] He wanted his plays to be a reminder of real pleasures and real pains.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(playwright)" title="David Hare (playwright)">David Hare</a> said in his memorial address: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">John Osborne devoted his life to trying to forge some sort of connection between the acuteness of his mind and the extraordinary power of his heart.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></blockquote> Osborne did change the world of theatre, influencing playwrights such as <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] However, work of his kind of authenticity and originality would remain the exception rather than the rule.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This did not surprise Osborne; nobody understood the tackiness of the theatre better than the man who had played <a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hayling_Island" title="Hayling Island">Hayling Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 1992 he was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_Achievement_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetime Achievement Award">Lifetime Achievement Award</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Writer%27s_Guild_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Writer's Guild of Great Britain">Writer's Guild of Great Britain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> In A Better Class of Person, Osborne describes the emotional appeal that socialism had to him as a schoolboy and how he and his closest friends "all attended the local <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> meetings" as youths.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> He carried these affiliations with him into adult life, alienating fellow commuters and colleagues by regularly bringing a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Daily Worker</a> into the office as a young journalist.<a href="#cite_note-:3-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Given a platform to express his views in <a href="/wiki/Declaration_(anthology)" title="Declaration (anthology)">the 1957 anthology Declaration</a>, he took the opportunity to criticize monarchy: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I have called Royalty religion the 'national swill' because it is poisonous... the leader-writers and the bribed gossip mongers have only to rattle their sticks in the royalty bucket for most of their readers to put their heads down in this trough of Queen-worship... My objection to the Royalty symbol is that it is dead; it is the gold filling in a mouthful of decay.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></blockquote> He also protested about "<a href="/wiki/Operation_Grapple" title="Operation Grapple">the Christmas Island explosion</a>" and what he perceived as the blindly supportive response of the British media.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Osborne joined the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">CND</a> in 1959, and in the early '60s was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_100_(United_Kingdom)" title="Committee of 100 (United Kingdom)">Committee of 100</a> who engaged in civil disobedience to protest against nuclear weapons.<a href="#cite_note-ratcliffe-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In 1961, in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> being built, the left-wing magazine <a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a> published Osborne's "Letter to My Fellow Countrymen", addressing those politicians the author considered responsible for <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_proliferation" title="Nuclear proliferation">nuclear proliferation</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">My favourite fantasy is four minutes or so non-commercial viewing as you fry in your democratically elected hot seats... I would willingly watch you all die for the West... you could all go ahead and die for Berlin, for Democracy, to keep out the red hordes or whatever you like... damn you, England. You're rotting now, and quite soon you'll disappear... I write this from another country, with murder in my brain and a knife carried in my heart for every one of you. I am not alone. If WE had just the ultimate decency and courage, we would strike at you - now, before you blaspheme the world in our name. There is nothing I should not give for your blood on my head.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-ianjack-101">[101]</a></blockquote> The letter caused controversy. Conservative journalist <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Worsthorne" title="Peregrine Worsthorne">Peregrine Worsthorne</a> expressed concern about its "murderous language" and the possibility that the "resentment that John Osborne so virulently articulated" might be shared by many others, while the trade unionist <a href="/wiki/Jack_Jones_(trade_unionist)" title="Jack Jones (trade unionist)">Jack Jones</a> commented, "every true Socialist should roar with applause".<a href="#cite_note-:4-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-ianjack-101">[101]</a> In his public letter, however, Osborne had denounced Labour leader <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a> as well as Conservative PM <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-ianjack-101">[101]</a> The following year, he told the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Herald_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Herald (United Kingdom)">Daily Herald</a> that he would not be voting Labour at the next election, adding "Barrenness is preferable to rape by one of two monsters."<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> His play Time Present (1968) contains a mocking caricature of a female Labour MP.<a href="#cite_note-Meyers-20">[20]</a> Critics saw a conservative attitude to empire reflected in West of Suez,<a href="#cite_note-Hartnoll-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-billington-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heilpern_Guardian-76">[76]</a> and later in the 1970s he expressed support for <a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Enoch Powell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-edgar-105">[105]</a> In the words of Osborne's biographer Michael Ratcliffe, "he drifted to the libertarian, unorganized right"; even his friend <a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(playwright)" title="David Hare (playwright)">David Hare</a> acknowledged that he passed "from passion to prejudice. He was forced back into a position which, finally, for most writers is undignified and unproductive: the pretence that the past is always, necessarily, superior to the present".<a href="#cite_note-ratcliffe-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Several commentators have argued that a conservative and nostalgic strain was apparent in Osborne's work from an early stage.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-mount-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-edgar-105">[105]</a> As early as 1957, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tynan" title="Kenneth Tynan">Kenneth Tynan</a> had noticed "a deeply submerged nostalgia" for Britain's pre-<a href="/wiki/WW1" class="mw-redirect" title="WW1">WW1</a> past in The Entertainer.<a href="#cite_note-:5-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships">Relationships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Relationships">edit</a>]</div> Osborne had many affairs and frequently mistreated his wives and lovers.<a href="#cite_note-Meyers-20">[20]</a> He was married five times, all except the last being unhappy unions. The first four were marred by frequent affairs and mistreatment of his partners.<a href="#cite_note-Meyers-20">[20]</a> He outlived three of his wives, being survived only by the first and the last,<a href="#cite_note-mount-82">[82]</a> both of whom have since died. His final marriage, from 1978 until his death, was to the journalist <a href="/wiki/Helen_Osborne" title="Helen Osborne">Helen Dawson</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pamela_Lane_(1951–57)">Pamela Lane (1951–57)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pamela Lane (1951–57)">edit</a>]</div> Source:<a href="#cite_note-PamLanobit-35">[35]</a> In A Better Class of Person, Osborne describes feeling an immediate and intense attraction towards his first wife, Pamela Lane. The pair were both members of an acting troupe in <a href="/wiki/Bridgwater" title="Bridgwater">Bridgwater</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sierz-38">[38]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">She had just recently shorn her hair down to a defiant auburn stubble and I was impressed by the hostility she had created by this self-isolating act. I was unable to take my eyes from her hair, her huge green eyes which must mock or plead affection, preferably both, at least… She startled and confused me… There was no calculation in my instant obsession.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></blockquote> Though Alison Porter in <a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a> was based on Pamela,<a href="#cite_note-sierz-38">[38]</a> Osborne describes Lane's respectable middle-class parents – her father a successful draper, her mother of a family of minor rural gentry<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> – as "much coarser", and how at one point they hired a private detective to follow him after a fellow actor was seen 'fumbling' with his knee in a tea shop.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Lane and Osborne married in nearby <a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a> and then left Bridgwater the following Sunday amidst an uneasy truce with Lane's parents (Osborne's hated mother was not aware of the union until the couple were divorcing), spending their first night as a married couple together in the <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_Road" title="Cromwell Road">Cromwell Road</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The two lived a fairly itinerant and reasonably happy married existence at first, living at a number of places around London and finding work there at first, then touring, staying in <a href="/wiki/Kidderminster" title="Kidderminster">Kidderminster</a> in Osborne's case. While Lane's acting career flourished in Derby, Osborne's struggled, and she began an affair with Joe Selby, a dental surgeon.<a href="#cite_note-sierz-38">[38]</a> Osborne spent much of the next two years before their divorce hoping they would reconcile. In 1956, after the opening of <a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a>, Osborne met Lane at the railway station in <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, where she told Osborne of her recent abortion and enquired after his relationship with <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ure" title="Mary Ure">Mary Ure</a>. In April 1957, Osborne was granted a divorce from Lane, on the grounds of his adultery.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> It later emerged that in the 1980s, Lane and Osborne corresponded frequently and met in secret until he became angered by her request for a loan.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mary_Ure_(1957–1963)">Mary Ure (1957–1963)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mary Ure (1957–1963)">edit</a>]</div> Osborne began a relationship with Ure shortly after meeting her when she was cast as Alison in <a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a> in 1956, while he was married to Pamela Lane. The affair swiftly progressed; and the two moved in together in Woodfall Road, <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea, London</a>. He wrote later: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> Mary was one of those unguarded souls who can make themselves understood by penguins or the wildest dervishes .. I was not in love. There was fondness and pleasure, but no groping expectations, just a feeling of fleeting heart's ease. For the present we were both content enough.</blockquote> Eventually, Osborne became jealous and somewhat contemptuous of Ure's stable family background and her relationship with them. He also began to lose regard for her acting abilities. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I had stopped concealing from myself, if I ever had, that Mary was not much of an actress. She had a rather harsh voice and a tiny range. </blockquote> There was infidelity on both sides; and, after an affair with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Webber" title="Robert Webber">Robert Webber</a>, Ure eventually left Osborne for the actor and novelist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(actor)" title="Robert Shaw (actor)">Robert Shaw</a>. Osborne described visiting her after she had left him and having sex with her while she was pregnant with the first of four children she would bear to Shaw. Of their divorce, Osborne wrote of being surprised that she repeatedly refused to return to him treasured postcards drawn for him by his father,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> but is circumspect about her early death in 1975: "Destiny dragged her so pointlessly from a life better contained by the softly lapping waters of the <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">Clyde</a>."<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penelope_Gilliatt_(1963–68)">Penelope Gilliatt (1963–68)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Penelope Gilliatt (1963–68)">edit</a>]</div> Osborne met his third wife, writer <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a>, initially through social connections, and then through an interview she conducted with him:<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It was not so much chastity that troubled me, but the withdrawal of feminine intimacy. And now, here I was, giving a routine interview to a young, animated woman, seemingly very informed and quick to laugh… I was already engaged in the prospect of mild and easy flirtation. I hadn't marked Penelope down in any appraising way as a future sportive fancy, but I had always been addicted to flirtation as a game worth playing for itself.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></blockquote> One great attraction Penelope held for Osborne was her red hair: "Penelope was a redhead, as was Pamela... I took red hair to be the mantle of goddesses".<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Despite her being married and Osborne knowing her husband, Gilliatt set out to seduce Osborne and succeeded in doing so. "Penelope's behaviour and my own during the weeks that followed were probably grotesquely indefensible", he wrote.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Osborne and Gilliatt were together for seven years, five of which they spent married, and became the parents of his only biological child, Nolan.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Osborne had an abusive relationship with his daughter and cast her out of his house when she was 17; they never spoke again.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Osborne and Gilliatt's marriage suffered through what Osborne perceived to be an unnecessary obsession on her part with her work, writing film reviews for <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>. "I tried to point out that it seemed an inordinate amount of time and effort to expend on a thousand-word review to be read by a few thousand film addicts and forgotten almost at once."<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Osborne wanted Gilliatt to give up her multiple careers and move with him to a country house where she would tend his needs. Osborne had put a refrigerator in the couple's bedroom and filled it with champagne to alleviate his night terrors. Both began to have struggles with alcoholism. He treated with contempt what he saw as Gilliatt's growing pretentiousness. "She was to become increasingly obsessed with fripperies and titles … She took to calling herself 'Professor Gilliatt'."<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Strains in the marriage led to Osborne conducting numerous affairs behind her back, including one with his future wife, <a href="/wiki/Jill_Bennett_(British_actress)" title="Jill Bennett (British actress)">Jill Bennett</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jill_Bennett_(1968–1977)">Jill Bennett (1968–1977)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Jill Bennett (1968–1977)">edit</a>]</div> Osborne had a turbulent nine-year marriage to the actress <a href="/wiki/Jill_Bennett_(British_actress)" title="Jill Bennett (British actress)">Jill Bennett</a>. Their marriage degenerated into mutual abuse with Bennett insulting Osborne, calling him impotent and homosexual in public as early as 1971.<a href="#cite_note-Heilpern_Guardian-76">[76]</a> Osborne showed similar cruelty towards her, breaching a court order by harassing her with abusive messages after their divorce.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Bennett committed suicide in 1990 (having expressed suicidal thoughts for decades): some have blamed this on Osborne's treatment of her.<a href="#cite_note-Heilpern_Guardian-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Meyers-20">[20]</a> He said of Bennett, "She was the most evil woman I have come across", and showed open contempt for her suicide.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">She was a woman so demoniacally possessed by Avarice that she died of it… This final, fumbled gesture, after a lifetime of glad-rags borrowings, theft and plagiarism, must have been one of the few original or spontaneous gestures in her loveless life.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></blockquote> He concluded by stating that his only regret was that he could not "look down upon her open coffin and, like that bird in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Book of Tobit</a>, drop a good, large mess in her eye."<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Reviewing Almost a Gentleman, which contains this passage, <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Mantel" title="Hilary Mantel">Hilary Mantel</a> commented, "the pious reader may wish to pray, the queasy reader vomit, the prudent reviewer consult the libel laws" (though she did speculate about Osborne's mental health).<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Michael Billington</a> called the attack on Bennett a "vicious assault", though he added, "he must have once loved her a lot to have hated her so much".<a href="#cite_note-billington-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Helen_Dawson_(1978–1994)">Helen Dawson (1978–1994)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Helen Dawson (1978–1994)">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Helen_Osborne" title="Helen Osborne">Helen Dawson</a> (1939–2004) was a former arts journalist and critic for <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>. This final marriage of Osborne's, which lasted until his death, seems to have been happier than any of his prior marriages. Until her death in 2004, Dawson worked to preserve and promote Osborne's legacy.<a href="#cite_note-helen-129">[129]</a> Osborne died deeply in debt; his final word to Dawson was: "Sorry".<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> After her death in 2004, Dawson was buried next to Osborne. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Vegetarianism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnOsborne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/JohnOsborne.jpg/220px-JohnOsborne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/JohnOsborne.jpg/330px-JohnOsborne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/JohnOsborne.jpg/440px-JohnOsborne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Graves of Osborne and his fifth wife in <a href="/wiki/Clun" title="Clun">Clun</a> churchyard</figcaption></figure> Around the time of Look Back in Anger, Osborne was a <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarian</a>, something which was considered unusual at the time. In Almost a Gentleman he gives some insight into this lifestyle choice: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">My own vegetarianism had been prompted by self-interest. I wanted to confound my pitted complexion, implacable daily headaches, throbbing glands, dish-cloth hair and dandruff. That my appearance had marginally improved (though not the headaches) was no doubt due a little to less toxic input… Meat could be equated with inner squalor. Vegetarianism might banish that, too.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> After a serious liver crisis in 1987 Osborne became <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetic</a>, injecting insulin twice a day. He died on 24 December 1994 at the age of 65 from complications of diabetes at <a href="/wiki/The_Hurst" title="The Hurst">The Hurst</a>, his home in <a href="/wiki/Clunton" title="Clunton">Clunton</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Craven_Arms" title="Craven Arms">Craven Arms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-23">[23]</a> He is buried in St George's churchyard, <a href="/wiki/Clun" title="Clun">Clun</a>, Shropshire. His last wife, Helen Dawson, who died in 2004, is buried next to him. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archive">Archive</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Archive">edit</a>]</div> Osborne began placing his papers at the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_in_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas in Austin">University of Texas in Austin</a> in the 1960s, with additions made throughout his life and by relatives in the years after his death. The primary archive is over 50 boxes and includes typescripts and manuscripts for all of his works, correspondence, newspaper and magazine articles, scrapbooks, posters, programmes, and business documents.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In 2008, the Ransom Center purchased an additional archive of over 30 boxes that had been held by Helen Dawson Osborne. While largely focusing on the latter years of Osborne's life, the collection also includes a series of notebooks that he had kept separately from his original archive.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Year </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>The Devil Inside Him</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1950</td> <td>with <a href="/wiki/Stella_Linden" title="Stella Linden">Stella Linden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Great Bear</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1951</td> <td>blank verse, never produced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Personal_Enemy" title="Personal Enemy">Personal Enemy</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1955</td> <td>with <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Creighton" title="Anthony Creighton">Anthony Creighton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1956</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1957</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Epitaph_for_George_Dillon" title="Epitaph for George Dillon">Epitaph for George Dillon</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1958<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></td> <td>with <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Creighton" title="Anthony Creighton">Anthony Creighton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_World_Of_Paul_Slickey" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Of Paul Slickey">The World Of Paul Slickey</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1959</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A Subject of Scandal and Concern</td> <td>TV</td> <td>1960</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luther_(play)" title="Luther (play)">Luther</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1961</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Blood_of_the_Bambergs" title="The Blood of the Bambergs">The Blood of the Bambergs</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1962</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Under_Plain_Cover" title="Under Plain Cover">Under Plain Cover</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1962</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a></td> <td>Screenplay</td> <td>1963</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Inadmissible_Evidence" title="Inadmissible Evidence">Inadmissible Evidence</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1964</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Patriot_for_Me" title="A Patriot for Me">A Patriot for Me</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1965</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A Bond Honoured</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1966</td> <td>One-act adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>'s La fianza satisfecha </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Hotel in Amsterdam</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1968</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Time Present</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1968</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Charge_of_the_Light_Brigade_(1968_film)" title="The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)">The Charge of the Light Brigade</a></td> <td>Screenplay</td> <td>1968</td> <td>Uncredited<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Inadmissible_Evidence_(film)" title="Inadmissible Evidence (film)">Inadmissible Evidence</a></td> <td>Screenplay</td> <td>1968</td> <td>Adaptation of his play </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Play_for_Today#The_Right_Prospectus" title="Play for Today">The Right Prospectus</a></td> <td>TV</td> <td>1970</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>West of Suez</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1971</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A Sense of Detachment</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1972</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Gift of Friendship</td> <td>TV</td> <td>1972</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hedda_Gabler" title="Hedda Gabler">Hedda Gabler</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1972</td> <td>Ibsen adaptation </td></tr> <tr> <td>A Place Calling Itself Rome</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1973</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coriolanus_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriolanus (play)">Coriolanus</a> adaptation, unproduced </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ms, Or Jill And Jack</td> <td>TV</td> <td>1974</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The End of Me Old Cigar</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1975</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Picture_Of_Dorian_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="The Picture Of Dorian Gray">The Picture Of Dorian Gray</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1975</td> <td>Wilde adaptation </td></tr> <tr> <td>Almost A Vision</td> <td>TV</td> <td>1976</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Watch It Come Down</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1976</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Try A Little Tenderness</td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1978</td> <td>unproduced </td></tr> <tr> <td>Very Like A Whale</td> <td>TV</td> <td>1980</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>You're Not Watching Me, Mummy</td> <td>TV</td> <td>1980</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A_Better_Class_of_Person" title="A Better Class of Person">A Better Class of Person</a></td> <td>Book</td> <td>1981</td> <td>autobiography volume I </td></tr> <tr> <td>A Better Class of Person</td> <td>TV</td> <td>1985</td> <td>TV version of the above.<a href="#cite_note-O'Connor-84">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/God_Rot_Tunbridge_Wells!" title="God Rot Tunbridge Wells!">God Rot Tunbridge Wells!</a></td> <td>TV</td> <td>1985</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Father_(Osborne_play)" title="The Father (Osborne play)">The Father</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1989</td> <td>Strindberg adaptation </td></tr> <tr> <td>Almost a Gentleman</td> <td>Book</td> <td>1991</td> <td>autobiography volume II </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9j%C3%A0vu" title="Déjàvu">Déjàvu</a></td> <td>Theatre</td> <td>1992</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>England, My England</td> <td>TV</td> <td>1995</td> <td>Osborne's script was unfinished at his death and completed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wood_(playwright)" title="Charles Wood (playwright)">Charles Wood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-wake-17">[17]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmography">Filmography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Role</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Love_(1970_film)" title="First Love (1970 film)">First Love</a></td> <td>1970</td> <td>Maidanov</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Chairman%27s_Wife" title="The Chairman's Wife">The Chairman's Wife</a></td> <td>1971</td> <td>Bernard Howe</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Get_Carter" title="Get Carter">Get Carter</a></td> <td>1971</td> <td>Cyril Kinnear</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Comes_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomorrow Never Comes (film)">Tomorrow Never Comes</a></td> <td>1978</td> <td>Lyne</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flash_Gordon_(film)" title="Flash Gordon (film)">Flash Gordon</a></td> <td>1980</td> <td>Arborian Priest</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved 1 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antioch+Review&rft.atitle=Osborne%27s+Harem&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=323-339&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25475737%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25475737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmidt-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt_21-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt1994" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, William E. (27 December 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/27/obituaries/john-osborne-british-playwright-dies-at-65.html">"John Osborne, British Playwright, Dies at 65"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 25 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+Osborne%2C+British+Playwright%2C+Dies+at+65&rft.date=1994-12-27&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F12%2F27%2Fobituaries%2Fjohn-osborne-british-playwright-dies-at-65.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1994" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Paul (23 April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/book-review-betes-noires-in-steaming-herds-damn-you-england-collected-prose-john-osborne-faber-14-99-pounds-1372157.html">"Betes noires in steaming herds"</a>. The Independent. Retrieved 28 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Betes+noires+in+steaming+herds&rft.date=1994-04-23&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fbook-review-betes-noires-in-steaming-herds-damn-you-england-collected-prose-john-osborne-faber-14-99-pounds-1372157.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_23-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, pp. 470–479 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1981">Osborne 1981</a>, pp. 38–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitebrook2015">Whitebrook 2015</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Schoolfriend Hilda Berrington, speaking on Osborne: Angry Man, Channel Four. </li> <li id="cite_note-ratcliffe-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ratcliffe_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ratcliffe_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ratcliffe_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ratcliffe_29-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-55236">"Osborne, John James"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F55236">10.1093/ref:odnb/55236</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8"><bdi>978-0-19-861412-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Osborne%2C+John+James&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F55236&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861412-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-55236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuohy1994" class="citation web cs1">Tuohy, William (27 December 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-12-27-mn-13371-story.html">"John Osborne; Playwright Wrote 'Look Back in Anger'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved 25 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=John+Osborne%3B+Playwright+Wrote+%27Look+Back+in+Anger%27&rft.date=1994-12-27&rft.aulast=Tuohy&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1994-12-27-mn-13371-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, pp. 60, 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitebrook2015">Whitebrook 2015</a>, pp. 27–28. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1981">Osborne 1981</a>, pp. 148–49. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitebrook2015">Whitebrook 2015</a>, pp. 28–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-PamLanobit-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PamLanobit_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PamLanobit_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Heilpern2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Heilpern" title="John Heilpern">John Heilpern</a> (21 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2010/nov/21/pamela-lane-obituary">"Pamela Lane [1930-2010] obituary"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 19 April 2018. <q>Stalwart of British theatre and first wife of John Osborne</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pamela+Lane+%5B1930-2010%5D+obituary&rft.date=2010-11-21&rft.au=John+Heilpern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2010%2Fnov%2F21%2Fpamela-lane-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, pp. 108–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Heilpern pp. 114–119: "Look Back in Anger was based on the breakdown of Osborne's marriage to Lane". </li> <li id="cite_note-sierz-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sierz_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sierz_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sierz_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sierz_38-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSierz2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aleks_Sierz" title="Aleks Sierz">Sierz, Aleks</a> (31 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectator.com.au/2018/03/first-wife-enduring-love-the-passionate-affair-of-john-osborne-and-pamela-lane/">"First wife, enduring love: the passionate affair of John Osborne and Pamela Lane"</a>. Spectator | Australia. Retrieved 29 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spectator+%7C+Australia&rft.atitle=First+wife%2C+enduring+love%3A+the+passionate+affair+of+John+Osborne+and+Pamela+Lane&rft.date=2018-03-31&rft.aulast=Sierz&rft.aufirst=Aleks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.com.au%2F2018%2F03%2Ffirst-wife-enduring-love-the-passionate-affair-of-john-osborne-and-pamela-lane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, p. 2; <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWardle1978">Wardle 1978</a>, p. 180. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWardle1978">Wardle 1978</a>, pp. 176–80. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichardson1993">Richardson 1993</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWardle1978">Wardle 1978</a>, pp. 180–81, 187–88. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichardson1993">Richardson 1993</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-CBF_Writers_Trail-46"><a href="#cite_ref-CBF_Writers_Trail_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605163630/https://www.chiswickbookfestival.net/chiswick-timeline-writers-trail/">"Writers Trail"</a>. Chiswick Book Festival. 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chiswickbookfestival.net/chiswick-timeline-writers-trail/">the original</a> on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Writers+Trail&rft.pub=Chiswick+Book+Festival&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiswickbookfestival.net%2Fchiswick-timeline-writers-trail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1981">Osborne 1981</a>, p. 275. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichardson1993">Richardson 1993</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichardson1993">Richardson 1993</a>, p. 279. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLittleMcLaughlin2007">Little & McLaughlin 2007</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichardson1993">Richardson 1993</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1957">Osborne 1957</a>, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichardson1993">Richardson 1993</a>, pp. 79, 90–92. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Tony Richardson characterizes the play as a <a href="/wiki/Succ%C3%A8s_de_scandale" title="Succès de scandale">succès de scandale</a> but not a box-office smash: "In England, Look Back was never a commercial success (another myth that needs dispelling): it didn’t ever sell out at the Court. Some six months later we were going to do a three-week revival at the Lyric, Hammersmith – a theatre less prominent than the Court. I did a TV version of Act 2 that created enough interest to sell out those three weeks. On later revivals we did OK but not sensational business. No West End theatre would accept us, and no commercial management wanted to take us on even as partners. But what the two notices [by Tynan and Hobson] did was something more important: they made us the theatre of the moment, the place where it was happening – take it or leave it, love it or hate it" (<a href="#CITEREFRichardson1993">Richardson 1993</a>, p. 79). A Better Class of Person reproduces a photo of the Royal Court's front of house, with Look Back in Anger playing and a sign warning "House Full", but <a href="/wiki/Irving_Wardle" title="Irving Wardle">Irving Wardle</a> broadly supports Richardson's account: "Amid all the noise about angry young men and kitchen sinks, the exploit of the Royal Court was viewed as heroic. A lot of people cared about it. The snag was that not enough of them expressed their feelings by purchasing tickets" (<a href="#CITEREFWardle1978">Wardle 1978</a>, p. 188). </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitebrook2015">Whitebrook 2015</a>, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> The mini-biography of Osborne in Declaration states, "In 1956, with the Royal Court Theatre production of this play [Look Back in Anger], he became famous overnight" (<a href="#CITEREFOsborne1957">Osborne 1957</a>, p. 62). </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDex2021" class="citation news cs1">Dex, Robert (8 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/theatre/blue-plaque-hammersmith-look-back-in-anger-john-osborne-b933887.html">"Blue Plaque for Hammersmith home of Look Back in Anger playwright John Osborne"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a>. Retrieved 7 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Blue+Plaque+for+Hammersmith+home+of+Look+Back+in+Anger+playwright+John+Osborne&rft.date=2021-05-08&rft.aulast=Dex&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftheatre%2Fblue-plaque-hammersmith-look-back-in-anger-john-osborne-b933887.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, pp. 196–200. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, p. 499. </li> <li id="cite_note-It's_me,_isn't_it?-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-It's_me,_isn't_it?_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-It's_me,_isn't_it?_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-It's_me,_isn't_it?_61-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeilpern2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Heilpern" title="John Heilpern">Heilpern, John</a> (6 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/theatre/comedy/story/0,,2027355,00.html">"'It's me, isn't it?'"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 28 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27It%27s+me%2C+isn%27t+it%3F%27&rft.date=2007-03-06&rft.aulast=Heilpern&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farts.guardian.co.uk%2Ftheatre%2Fcomedy%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2027355%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichardson1993">Richardson 1993</a>, pp. 84–85. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Whitebrook2015" class="citation web cs1">Peter Whitebrook (25 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/john-osborne-new-biography-records-the-day-the-look-back-in-anger-playwright-was-chased-by-an-angry-mob-a6749141.html">"John Osborne: New biography records the day the Look Back in Anger playwright was chased by an angry mob"</a>. The Independent. 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The London Review of Books. Retrieved 18 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Stalking+Out&rft.date=2006-07-20&rft.aulast=Edgar&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fthe-paper%2Fv28%2Fn14%2Fdavid-edgar%2Fstalking-out&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEzard2002" class="citation news cs1">Ezard, John (4 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/jun/04/hayfestival2002.hayfestival">"Look back and marvel at anger of Osborne"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Look+back+and+marvel+at+anger+of+Osborne&rft.date=2002-06-04&rft.aulast=Ezard&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2002%2Fjun%2F04%2Fhayfestival2002.hayfestival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Lewis_(biographer)" title="Roger Lewis (biographer)">Lewis, Roger</a> (1989). Stage People. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 52–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-79212-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-79212-1"><bdi>0-297-79212-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stage+People&rft.place=London&rft.pages=52-58&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-297-79212-1&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1981">Osborne 1981</a>, p. 239. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Heilpern2010" class="citation news cs1">John Heilpern (21 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2010/nov/21/pamela-lane-obituary">"Pamela Lane obituary"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pamela+Lane+obituary&rft.date=2010-11-21&rft.au=John+Heilpern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2010%2Fnov%2F21%2Fpamela-lane-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1981">Osborne 1981</a>, pp. 240–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1981">Osborne 1981</a>, pp. 243–44. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, pp. 43–44. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Peter Whitebrook (ed.). 2018. Dearest Squirrel: The Intimate Letters of John Osborne and Pamela Lane. Oberon, pp.416. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1981">Osborne 1981</a>, p. 90. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, pp. 175–77. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, pp. 179–80. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> The name was chosen in honour of <a href="/wiki/Captain_Nolan" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Nolan">Captain Nolan</a>, who led the famous <a href="/wiki/Charge_of_the_Light_Brigade" title="Charge of the Light Brigade">Charge of the Light Brigade</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>. At the time of her birth, Osborne was researching that war and writing the screenplay of the film his next wife would star in (<a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, pp. 255–9). </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, pp. 421–2 </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinman2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Weinman" title="Sarah Weinman">Weinman, Sarah</a> (13 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2012/01/the_uneasy_partnership_of_pauline_kael_and_penelope_gilliatt.html">"The Other Film Critic at the New Yorker"</a>. Slate. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=The+Other+Film+Critic+at+the+New+Yorker&rft.date=2012-01-13&rft.aulast=Weinman&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Farts%2Fculturebox%2F2012%2F01%2Fthe_uneasy_partnership_of_pauline_kael_and_penelope_gilliatt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, p. 240. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, pp. 394–95, 412–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Heilpern writes (<a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, p. 443) that the second volume of Osborne's <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a> was ready to go to press at <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. Bennett's suicide freed Osborne from the <a href="/wiki/Restraining_order" title="Restraining order">restraining order</a> arising from their bitter divorce. He sat down and wrote a new chapter for the book, specifically to excoriate his ex-wife. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, p. 259. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMantel,_Hilary1991" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Mantel" title="Hilary Mantel">Mantel, Hilary</a> (21 November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v13/n22/hilary-mantel/looking-back-in-anger">"Looking Back in Anger"</a>. London Review of Books. Retrieved 14 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Looking+Back+in+Anger&rft.date=1991-11-21&rft.au=Mantel%2C+Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fthe-paper%2Fv13%2Fn22%2Fhilary-mantel%2Flooking-back-in-anger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-helen-129"><a href="#cite_ref-helen_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101210051802/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/helen-osborne-549298.html">"Helen Osborne"</a>. The Independent. London. 19 January 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/helen-osborne-549298.html">the original</a> on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Helen+Osborne&rft.date=2004-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fhelen-osborne-549298.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Morrison" title="Blake Morrison">Morrison, Blake</a> (20 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/may/20/featuresreviews.guardianreview7">"Stage-boor Johnny"</a>. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 7 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Stage-boor+Johnny&rft.date=2006-05-20&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2006%2Fmay%2F20%2Ffeaturesreviews.guardianreview7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOsborne1991">Osborne 1991</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=00168">"John Osborne: A Preliminary Inventory of His Papers at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center"</a>. norman.hrc.utexas.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=norman.hrc.utexas.edu&rft.atitle=John+Osborne%3A+A+Preliminary+Inventory+of+His+Papers+at+the+Harry+Ransom+Humanities+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnorman.hrc.utexas.edu%2Ffasearch%2FfindingAid.cfm%3Feadid%3D00168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=00604">"John Osborne and Helen Dawson Osborne: A Preliminary Inventory of Their Papers at the Harry Ransom Center"</a>. norman.hrc.utexas.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=norman.hrc.utexas.edu&rft.atitle=John+Osborne+and+Helen+Dawson+Osborne%3A+A+Preliminary+Inventory+of+Their+Papers+at+the+Harry+Ransom+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnorman.hrc.utexas.edu%2Ffasearch%2FfindingAid.cfm%3Feadid%3D00604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Written before Look Back In Anger but not staged at the Royal Court Theatre until two years later (<a href="#CITEREFHeilpern2006">Heilpern 2006</a>, pp. 108–9). </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Osborne's original screenplay triggered a lawsuit from actor <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Harvey" title="Laurence Harvey">Laurence Harvey</a> since it freely used material from <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Woodham-Smith" title="Cecil Woodham-Smith">Cecil Woodham-Smith</a>'s The Reason Why, a book Harvey owned the rights to. In the film as released, sole writing credit goes to Charles Wood, who (according to director Tony Richardson) had already been hired to do rewrites before the suit (<a href="#CITEREFRichardson1993">Richardson 1993</a>, pp. 193–95). </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElley1995" class="citation news cs1">Elley, Derek (19 November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1995/film/reviews/england-my-england-1200443778/">"England, My England"</a>. Variety. Retrieved 26 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=England%2C+My+England&rft.date=1995-11-19&rft.aulast=Elley&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1995%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Fengland-my-england-1200443778%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeilpern2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Heilpern" title="John Heilpern">Heilpern, John</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnosbornepatri0000heil">John Osborne: A Patriot for Us</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chatto_%26_Windus" title="Chatto & Windus">Chatto & Windus</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7011-6780-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7011-6780-6"><bdi>978-0-7011-6780-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Osborne%3A+A+Patriot+for+Us&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7011-6780-6&rft.aulast=Heilpern&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohnosbornepatri0000heil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittleMcLaughlin2007" class="citation book cs1">Little, Ruth; McLaughlin, Emily (2007). The Royal Court Theatre Inside Out. Oberon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84002-763-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84002-763-1"><bdi>978-1-84002-763-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Court+Theatre+Inside+Out&rft.pub=Oberon+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84002-763-1&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+Emily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne1981" class="citation book cs1">Osborne, John (1981). A Better Class of Person: An Autobiography, 1929–56 (hardback ed.). <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-11785-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-11785-6"><bdi>0-571-11785-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Better+Class+of+Person%3A+An+Autobiography%2C+1929%E2%80%9356&rft.edition=hardback&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-571-11785-6&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne1991" class="citation book cs1">Osborne, John (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/almostgentlemana0000osbo">Almost a Gentleman: An Autobiography, 1955–66</a> (paperback ed.). <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-16635-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-16635-0"><bdi>0-571-16635-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almost+a+Gentleman%3A+An+Autobiography%2C+1955%E2%80%9366&rft.edition=paperback&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-571-16635-0&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falmostgentlemana0000osbo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne1994" class="citation book cs1">Osborne, John (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/damnyouenglandco0000osbo">Damn You, England: Collected Prose</a> (hardback ed.). <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-16921-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-16921-X"><bdi>0-571-16921-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Damn+You%2C+England%3A+Collected+Prose&rft.edition=hardback&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-571-16921-X&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdamnyouenglandco0000osbo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne1957" class="citation book cs1">Osborne, John (1957). "They Call It Cricket". In <a href="/wiki/Tom_Maschler" title="Tom Maschler">Maschler, Tom</a> (ed.). Declaration: Essays by Young Writers. <a href="/wiki/Hart-Davis,_MacGibbon" title="Hart-Davis, MacGibbon">MacGibbon & Kee</a>. pp. 61–84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=They+Call+It+Cricket&rft.btitle=Declaration%3A+Essays+by+Young+Writers&rft.pages=61-84&rft.pub=MacGibbon+%26+Kee&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson, Tony</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/longdistancerunn00rich">Long Distance Runner: A Memoir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eyre_Methuen" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyre Methuen">Eyre Methuen</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-39330-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-39330-5"><bdi>0-413-39330-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Long+Distance+Runner%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pub=Eyre+Methuen&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-413-39330-5&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flongdistancerunn00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardle1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Irving_Wardle" title="Irving Wardle">Wardle, Irving</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theatresofgeorge0000ward">The Theatres of George Devine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-16852-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-16852-3"><bdi>0-571-16852-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theatres+of+George+Devine&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-571-16852-3&rft.aulast=Wardle&rft.aufirst=Irving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheatresofgeorge0000ward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitebrook2015" class="citation book cs1">Whitebrook, Peter (2015). John Osborne: 'Anger is not about...' (hardback ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oberon_Books" title="Oberon Books">Oberon Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78319-877-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78319-877-1"><bdi>978-1-78319-877-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Osborne%3A+%27Anger+is+not+about...%27&rft.edition=hardback&rft.pub=Oberon+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78319-877-1&rft.aulast=Whitebrook&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Osborne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsO/osborne-john.html">Doollee.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130806062511/http://doollee.com/PlaywrightsO/osborne-john.html">Archived</a> 6 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Osborne&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/collections1/parliament-and-the-1960s/joint-committee-theatre-censorship/">Parliament & the 1960s - 1966 Theatre Censorship Committee - UK Parliament Living Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=00168">John Osborne Papers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=00604">John Osborne and Helen Dawson Osborne Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.leeds.ac.uk/special-collections-explore/230479">Select Papers of the English Stage Company</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Osborne" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:John Osborne">John Osborne</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/452881/">John Osborne</a> at the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">BFI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Screenonline" title="Screenonline">Screenonline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628182920/http://www.bl.uk/eblj/2010articles/article2.html/">'A Poor Jonah': John Osborne's Roads to Freedom</a> describing the discovery of John Osborne's pre-Look Back in Anger plays at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/">British Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp03390">Portraits of John Osborne</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313841#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Works_by_John_Osborne" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Osborne" title="Template:John Osborne"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Osborne" title="Template talk:John Osborne"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Osborne" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Osborne"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_John_Osborne" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Osborne</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Devil_Inside_Him&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Devil Inside Him (page does not exist)">The Devil Inside Him</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Enemy" title="Personal Enemy">Personal Enemy</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaph_for_George_Dillon" title="Epitaph for George Dillon">Epitaph for George Dillon</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_of_Paul_Slickey" title="The World of Paul Slickey">The World of Paul Slickey</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_(play)" title="Luther (play)">Luther</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plays_for_England" title="Plays for England">Plays for England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Blood_of_the_Bambergs" title="The Blood of the Bambergs">The Blood of the Bambergs</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Plain_Cover" title="Under Plain Cover">Under Plain Cover</a> (1962)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inadmissible_Evidence" title="Inadmissible Evidence">Inadmissible Evidence</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Patriot_for_Me" title="A Patriot for Me">A Patriot for Me</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Bond_Honoured&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Bond Honoured (page does not exist)">A Bond Honoured</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hotel_in_Amsterdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Hotel in Amsterdam (page does not exist)">The Hotel in Amsterdam</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_Present&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time Present (page does not exist)">Time Present</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_of_Suez_(play)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West of Suez (play) (page does not exist)">West of Suez</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Sense_of_Detachment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Sense of Detachment (page does not exist)">A Sense of Detachment</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray_(play)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Picture of Dorian Gray (play) (page does not exist)">The Picture of Dorian Gray</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_Calling_Itself_Rome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place Calling Itself Rome (page does not exist)">Place Calling Itself Rome</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watch_It_Come_Down&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watch It Come Down (page does not exist)">Watch It Come Down</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Try_a_Little_Tenderness_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Try a Little Tenderness (play)">Try a Little Tenderness</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_End_of_Me_Old_Cigar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The End of Me Old Cigar (page does not exist)">The End of Me Old Cigar</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Father_(Osborne_play)" title="The Father (Osborne play)">The Father</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9j%C3%A0vu" title="Déjàvu">Déjàvu</a> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film & TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger_(1959_film)" title="Look Back in Anger (1959 film)">Look Back in Anger</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(film)" title="The Entertainer (film)">The Entertainer</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Subject_Of_Scandal_And_Concern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Subject Of Scandal And Concern (page does not exist)">A Subject Of Scandal And Concern</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_(1964_film)" title="Luther (1964 film)">Luther</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Charge_of_the_Light_Brigade_(1968_film)" title="The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)">The Charge of the Light Brigade</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inadmissible_Evidence_(film)" title="Inadmissible Evidence (film)">Inadmissible Evidence</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Right_Prospectus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Right Prospectus (page does not exist)">The Right Prospectus</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Gift_of_Friendship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Gift of Friendship (page does not exist)">The Gift of Friendship</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_(1974_film)" title="Luther (1974 film)">Luther</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ms,_Or_Jill_and_Jack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ms, Or Jill and Jack (page does not exist)">Ms, Or Jill and Jack</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almost_a_Vision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almost a Vision (page does not exist)">Almost a Vision</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray_(Play_of_the_Month)" title="The Picture of Dorian Gray (Play of the Month)">The Picture of Dorian Gray</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger_(1980_film)" title="Look Back in Anger (1980 film)">Look Back in Anger</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Very_like_a_Whale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Very like a Whale (page does not exist)">Very like a Whale</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=You%27re_Not_Watching_Me,_Mummy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="You're Not Watching Me, Mummy (page does not exist)">You're Not Watching Me, Mummy</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Better_Class_of_Person" title="A Better Class of Person">A Better Class of Person</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_Redl" title="Colonel Redl">Colonel Redl</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Rot_Tunbridge_Wells!" title="God Rot Tunbridge Wells!">God Rot Tunbridge Wells!</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger_(1989_film)" title="Look Back in Anger (1989 film)">Look Back in Anger</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Better_Class_of_Person" title="A Better Class of Person">A Better Class of Person</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almost_a_Gentleman_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almost a Gentleman (book) (page does not exist)">Almost a Gentleman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damn_You_England:_Collected_Prose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damn You England: Collected Prose (page does not exist)">Damn You England: Collected Prose</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_John_Osborne" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_John_Osborne" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for John Osborne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Glazer" title="Benjamin Glazer">Benjamin Glazer</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanns_Kr%C3%A4ly" title="Hanns Kräly">Hanns Kräly</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Marion" title="Frances Marion">Frances Marion</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Estabrook" title="Howard Estabrook">Howard Estabrook</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_J._Burke" title="Edwin J. Burke">Edwin J. Burke</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Heerman" title="Victor Heerman">Victor Heerman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Y._Mason" title="Sarah Y. Mason">Sarah Y. Mason</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Riskin" title="Robert Riskin">Robert Riskin</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Nichols" title="Dudley Nichols">Dudley Nichols</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Collings" title="Pierre Collings">Pierre Collings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Gibney" title="Sheridan Gibney">Sheridan Gibney</a> (1936)</li> <li>Heinz Herald, Geza Herczeg, and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Reilly_Raine" title="Norman Reilly Raine">Norman Reilly Raine</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Dalrymple" title="Ian Dalrymple">Ian Dalrymple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Arthur_Lewis" title="Cecil Arthur Lewis">Cecil Arthur Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._P._Lipscomb" title="W. P. Lipscomb">W. P. Lipscomb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Howard" title="Sidney Howard">Sidney Howard</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Ogden_Stewart" title="Donald Ogden Stewart">Donald Ogden Stewart</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Buchman" title="Sidney Buchman">Sidney Buchman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seton_I._Miller" title="Seton I. Miller">Seton I. Miller</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Froeschel" title="George Froeschel">George Froeschel</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Hilton_(novelist)" title="James Hilton (novelist)">James Hilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudine_West" title="Claudine West">Claudine West</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wimperis" title="Arthur Wimperis">Arthur Wimperis</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_G._Epstein" title="Philip G. Epstein">Philip G. Epstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_J._Epstein" title="Julius J. Epstein">Julius J. Epstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Koch_(screenwriter)" title="Howard Koch (screenwriter)">Howard Koch</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Butler_(writer)" title="Frank Butler (writer)">Frank Butler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Cavett" title="Frank Cavett">Frank Cavett</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Sherwood" title="Robert E. Sherwood">Robert Sherwood</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Seaton" title="George Seaton">George Seaton</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Brown_(writer)" title="Harry Brown (writer)">Harry Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schnee" title="Charles Schnee">Charles Schnee</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Taradash" title="Daniel Taradash">Daniel Taradash</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Seaton" title="George Seaton">George Seaton</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Farrow" title="John Farrow">John Farrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/S._J._Perelman" title="S. J. Perelman">S. J. Perelman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Poe" title="James Poe">James Poe</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulle" title="Pierre Boulle">Pierre Boulle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Paterson_(writer)" title="Neil Paterson (writer)">Neil Paterson</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brooks" title="Richard Brooks">Richard Brooks</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Mann" title="Abby Mann">Abby Mann</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a> (1962)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Osborne</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Anhalt" title="Edward Anhalt">Edward Anhalt</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_Silliphant" title="Stirling Silliphant">Stirling Silliphant</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Goldman" title="James Goldman">James Goldman</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldo_Salt" title="Waldo Salt">Waldo Salt</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_Lardner_Jr." title="Ring Lardner Jr.">Ring Lardner Jr.</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Tidyman" title="Ernest Tidyman">Ernest Tidyman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Puzo" title="Mario Puzo">Mario Puzo</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Peter_Blatty" title="William Peter Blatty">William Peter Blatty</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Puzo" title="Mario Puzo">Mario Puzo</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Hauben" title="Lawrence Hauben">Lawrence Hauben</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Sargent" title="Alvin Sargent">Alvin Sargent</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Sargent" title="Alvin Sargent">Alvin Sargent</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thompson" title="Ernest Thompson">Ernest Thompson</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Stewart" title="Donald E. Stewart">Donald E. Stewart</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Shaffer" title="Peter Shaffer">Peter Shaffer</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Luedtke" title="Kurt Luedtke">Kurt Luedtke</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Prawer_Jhabvala" title="Ruth Prawer Jhabvala">Ruth Prawer Jhabvala</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Peploe" title="Mark Peploe">Mark Peploe</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hampton" title="Christopher Hampton">Christopher Hampton</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Uhry" title="Alfred Uhry">Alfred Uhry</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Blake_(author)" title="Michael Blake (author)">Michael Blake</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Tally" title="Ted Tally">Ted Tally</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Prawer_Jhabvala" title="Ruth Prawer Jhabvala">Ruth Prawer Jhabvala</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Zaillian" title="Steven Zaillian">Steven Zaillian</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Roth" title="Eric Roth">Eric Roth</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Bob_Thornton" title="Billy Bob Thornton">Billy Bob Thornton</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Helgeland" title="Brian Helgeland">Brian Helgeland</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Condon" title="Bill Condon">Bill Condon</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaghan" title="Stephen Gaghan">Stephen Gaghan</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akiva_Goldsman" title="Akiva Goldsman">Akiva Goldsman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Harwood" title="Ronald Harwood">Ronald Harwood</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Boyens" title="Philippa Boyens">Philippa Boyens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)" title="Jim Taylor (writer)">Jim Taylor</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ossana" title="Diana Ossana">Diana Ossana</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Monahan" title="William Monahan">William Monahan</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Beaufoy" title="Simon Beaufoy">Simon Beaufoy</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_S._Fletcher" title="Geoffrey S. Fletcher">Geoffrey S. Fletcher</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Rash" title="Jim Rash">Jim Rash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nat_Faxon" title="Nat Faxon">Nat Faxon</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Terrio" title="Chris Terrio">Chris Terrio</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ridley" title="John Ridley">John Ridley</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Moore_(writer)" title="Graham Moore (writer)">Graham Moore</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">Adam McKay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Randolph" title="Charles Randolph">Charles Randolph</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarell_Alvin_McCraney" title="Tarell Alvin McCraney">Tarell Alvin McCraney</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ivory" title="James Ivory">James Ivory</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Wachtel" title="Charlie Wachtel">Charlie Wachtel</a>, David Rabinowitz, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Willmott" title="Kevin Willmott">Kevin Willmott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taika_Waititi" title="Taika Waititi">Taika Waititi</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hampton" title="Christopher Hampton">Christopher Hampton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florian_Zeller" title="Florian Zeller">Florian Zeller</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sian_Heder" title="Sian Heder">Sian Heder</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Polley" title="Sarah Polley">Sarah Polley</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_Jefferson" title="Cord Jefferson">Cord Jefferson</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay">BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Tabori" title="George Tabori">George Tabori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Estridge" title="Robin Estridge">Robin Estridge</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rose_(screenwriter)" title="William Rose (screenwriter)">William Rose</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Balchin" title="Nigel Balchin">Nigel Balchin</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulle" title="Pierre Boulle">Pierre Boulle</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dehn" title="Paul Dehn">Paul Dehn</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Harvey_(English_screenwriter)" title="Frank Harvey (English screenwriter)">Frank Harvey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boulting_brothers" title="Boulting brothers">John Boulting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Hackney" title="Alan Hackney">Alan Hackney</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Forbes" title="Bryan Forbes">Bryan Forbes</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Mankowitz" title="Wolf Mankowitz">Wolf Mankowitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Val_Guest" title="Val Guest">Val Guest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shelagh_Delaney" title="Shelagh Delaney">Shelagh Delaney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1962)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Osborne</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Raphael" title="Frederic Raphael">Frederic Raphael</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mercer_(playwright)" title="David Mercer (playwright)">David Mercer</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Angry_young_men" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angry_young_men" title="Template:Angry young men"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angry_young_men" title="Template talk:Angry young men"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angry_young_men" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angry young men"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Angry_young_men" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><q><a href="/wiki/Angry_young_men" title="Angry young men">Angry young men</a></q></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Associated writers</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Amis" title="Kingsley Amis">Kingsley Amis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Arden" title="John Arden">John Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Barstow" title="Stan Barstow">Stan Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bond" title="Edward Bond">Edward Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Braine" title="John Braine">John Braine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hastings_(playwright)" title="Michael Hastings (playwright)">Michael Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hinde_(novelist)" title="Thomas Hinde (novelist)">Thomas Hinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Holroyd" title="Stuart Holroyd">Stuart Holroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hopkins_(novelist)" title="Bill Hopkins (novelist)">Bill Hopkins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sillitoe" title="Alan Sillitoe">Alan Sillitoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Storey" title="David Storey">David Storey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tynan" title="Kenneth Tynan">Kenneth Tynan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wain" title="John Wain">John Wain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Waterhouse" title="Keith Waterhouse">Keith Waterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Wesker" title="Arnold Wesker">Arnold Wesker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Wilson" title="Colin Wilson">Colin Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Liar" title="Billy Liar">Billy Liar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_(anthology)" title="Declaration (anthology)">Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Divine_and_the_Decay" title="The Divine and the Decay">The Divine and the Decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergence_from_Chaos" title="Emergence from Chaos">Emergence from Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Kind_of_Loving_(novel)" title="A Kind of Loving (novel)">A Kind of Loving</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Loneliness_of_the_Long-Distance_Runner" title="The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner">The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Jim" title="Lucky Jim">Lucky Jim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Outsider_(Colin_Wilson)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Outsider (Colin Wilson)">The Outsider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_at_the_Top_(novel)" title="Room at the Top (novel)">Room at the Top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_and_Sunday_Morning" title="Saturday Night and Sunday Morning">Saturday Night and Sunday Morning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saved_(play)" title="Saved (play)">Saved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serjeant_Musgrave%27s_Dance" title="Serjeant Musgrave's Dance">Serjeant Musgrave's Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Sporting_Life_(novel)" title="This Sporting Life (novel)">This Sporting Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Movement_(literature)" title="The Movement (literature)">The Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313841#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313841#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313841#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110318424">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100954367">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1443856/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfmkTVYYTmX9fmfkwQKBP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118747738">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80037030">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12093206n">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12093206n">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00451877">Japan</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/NAPV107742">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35402068">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0214461&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX932490">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/49657">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068756968">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90542900">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000046316&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000071857&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=73669">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201521791">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqspzxx3x7g093">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/940027">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118747738.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118747738">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027470628">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6t739n2">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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