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<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_natives_and_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_natives_and_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable natives and residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_natives_and_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint Kitts</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="سانت كيتس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سانت كيتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D1%81" title="Сент-Кітс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сент-Кітс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Kitts" title="Sant Kitts – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sant Kitts" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Christopher" title="Saint Christopher – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Saint Christopher" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svat%C3%BD_Kry%C5%A1tof_(ostrov)" title="Svatý Kryštof (ostrov) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svatý Kryštof (ostrov)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Kitts" title="Sant Kitts – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sant Kitts" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Kitts" title="St. Kitts – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="St. Kitts" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF)" title="Άγιος Χριστόφορος (νησί) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άγιος Χριστόφορος (νησί)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_San_Crist%C3%B3bal_(San_Crist%C3%B3bal_y_Nieves)" title="Isla de San Cristóbal (San Cristóbal y Nieves) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla de San Cristóbal (San Cristóbal y Nieves)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankta_Kito_(insulo)" title="Sankta Kito (insulo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sankta Kito (insulo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="سنت کیتس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنت کیتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Christophe_(%C3%AEle)" title="Saint-Christophe (île) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saint-Christophe (île)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Cr%C3%ACstean_(eilean)" title="Naomh Crìstean (eilean) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Naomh Crìstean (eilean)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8%ED%82%A4%EC%B8%A0%EC%84%AC" title="세인트키츠섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세인트키츠섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="सेंट किट्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेंट किट्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A1" title="סנט קיטס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנט קיטס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Sancti_Christophori" title="Insula Sancti Christophori – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insula Sancti Christophori" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sent_Kitsas" title="Sent Kitsas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sent Kitsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Свети Кристофер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Свети Кристофер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="セントクリストファー島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セントクリストファー島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts_(Eilun)" title="Saint Kitts (Eilun) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saint Kitts (Eilun)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Crist%C3%B2l" title="Sant Cristòl – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sant Cristòl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Kitts_(isla)" title="Sint Kitts (isla) – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sint Kitts (isla)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_(S%C3%A3o_Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_e_Neves)" title="São Cristóvão (São Cristóvão e Neves) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="São Cristóvão (São Cristóvão e Neves)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Kitts" title="Sfântul Kitts – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sfântul Kitts" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81" title="Сент-Китс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сент-Китс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Kitts" title="St. Kitts – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="St. Kitts" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81" title="Сент Китс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сент Китс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="செயிண்ட் கிட்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செயிண்ட் கிட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D,_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="సెయంట్ కిట్స్, నెవిస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సెయంట్ కిట్స్, నెవిస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เซนต์คิตส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซนต์คิตส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81" title="Сент-Кіттс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сент-Кіттс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="سینٹ کیٹز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سینٹ کیٹز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Saint Kitts" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9F%BA%E8%8C%A8%E5%B3%B6" title="聖基茨島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖基茨島" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint_Kitts&params=17.31_N_62.72_W_region:KN_type:isle"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°19′N</span> <span class="longitude">62°43′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.31°N 62.72°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.31; -62.72</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island in the West Indies; part of the Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the island in the West Indies. For the Canadian city sometimes referred to as St. Kitts, see <a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Saint Christopher Island" and "Île Saint-Christophe" redirect here. For other islands with these names, see <a href="/wiki/Saint_Christopher_Island_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saint Christopher Island (disambiguation)">Saint Christopher Island (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Saint Kitts</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_Regions_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_Regions_map.png/260px-Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_Regions_map.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_Regions_map.png/390px-Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_Regions_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_Regions_map.png/520px-Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_Regions_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2465" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map showing Saint Kitts and Nevis</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationSaintKitts.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/LocationSaintKitts.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="115" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="115" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Location of Saint Kitts among the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint_Kitts&params=17.31_N_62.72_W_region:KN_type:isle"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°19′N</span> <span class="longitude">62°43′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.31°N 62.72°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.31; -62.72</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total islands</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major islands</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">174 km<sup>2</sup> (67 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">29 km (18 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">8 km (5 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">1,156 m (3793 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Liamuiga" title="Mount Liamuiga">Mount Liamuiga</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">2 divisions of Saint Kitts</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Basseterre" title="Basseterre">Basseterre</a> (pop. 15,500)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">34,918<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2011)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">208.33/km<sup>2</sup> (539.57/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African descent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Indians in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Saint Kitts</b>, officially <b>Saint Christopher</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. The west side of the island borders the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> Sea, and the eastern coast faces the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. Saint Kitts and the neighbouring island of <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> constitute one country: the Federation of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a>. Saint Kitts and Nevis are separated by a shallow 3-kilometre (2 mi) channel known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Narrows_(Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis)" title="The Narrows (Saint Kitts and Nevis)">The Narrows</a>". </p><p>Saint Kitts became home to the first Caribbean British and French colonies in the mid-1620s.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with the island of Nevis, Saint Kitts was a member of the <a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies" title="British West Indies">British West Indies</a> until gaining independence on 19 September 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island is one of the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>. It is situated about 2,100 km (1,300 mi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, US. The land area of Saint Kitts is about 168 km<sup>2</sup> (65 sq mi), being approximately 29 km (18 mi) long and on average about 8 km (5.0 mi) across. </p><p>Saint Kitts has a population of about 40,000, the majority of whom are of <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African descent</a>. The primary language is <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, with a literacy rate of approximately 98%.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residents call themselves <i>Kittitians</i>. The island is named after the Christian <a href="/wiki/Saint_Christopher" title="Saint Christopher">Saint Christopher</a>; "Kit" was formerly a common diminutive of "Christopher". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_National_Park" title="Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park">Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>, is the largest fortress ever built in the Eastern Caribbean. The island of Saint Kitts is home to the <a href="/wiki/Warner_Park_Sporting_Complex" title="Warner Park Sporting Complex">Warner Park Cricket Stadium</a>, which was used to host <a href="/wiki/2007_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2007 Cricket World Cup">2007 Cricket World Cup</a> matches. This made Saint Kitts and Nevis the smallest nation to ever host a <a href="/wiki/World_cup_competition" class="mw-redirect" title="World cup competition">World Cup event</a>. Saint Kitts is also home to several institutions of higher education, including <a href="/wiki/Ross_University_School_of_Veterinary_Medicine" title="Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine">Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsor_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Windsor University School of Medicine">Windsor University School of Medicine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Medicine_and_Health_Sciences" title="University of Medicine and Health Sciences">University of Medicine and Health Sciences</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis#Climate" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis § Climate</a></div> <p>The capital of the two-island nation, and also its largest port, is the town of <a href="/wiki/Basseterre" title="Basseterre">Basseterre</a> on Saint Kitts. There is a modern facility for handling large <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a> there. A ring road goes around the perimeter of the island with smaller roads branching off it; the interior of the island is too steep for habitation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Saint Kitts is 10 km (6.2 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> to the north and 3 km (1.9 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> to the south. St. Kitts has three distinct groups of <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> peaks: the North West or Mount Misery Range; the Middle or Verchilds Range and the South East or Olivees Range. The highest peak is Mount Liamuiga, formerly Mount Misery, a dormant volcano 1,156 metres (3,793 ft) high.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The youngest volcanic centre is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Liamuiga" title="Mount Liamuiga">Mt. Liamuiga</a>, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in diameter and rising to an elevation of 1,155 metres (3,789 ft). Its last eruption was 1,620 years ago, corresponding with the Steel Dust series of <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_rock" title="Pyroclastic rock">pyroclastic</a> deposits on the western flank. The Mansion Series of pyroclastic deposits and andesite with basalt layers occur on the northern flank, along with <a href="/wiki/Mudflow" title="Mudflow">mudflows</a>. This volcano has a crater 900 metres (3,000 ft) wide and 244 metres (801 ft) deep, plus two distinct parasitic domes consisting primarily of <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesite</a>, Brimstone Hill and Sandy Point Hill which is coalesced with Farm Flat. Brimstone Hill is noted for having <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> on its flanks, which was dragged upward with the formation of the dome 44,400 years ago. Mt. Liamuiga partially overlays the Middle Range to the southeast. This Middle Range is another <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcano</a> 976 m in height with a small summit crater containing a lake. Next in line is the 900 metres (3,000 ft) South East Range, 1 <a href="/wiki/Myr" class="mw-redirect" title="Myr">Myr</a> in age, consisting of four peaks. Ottley's <a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">dome</a> and Monkey Hill dome are on the flanks, while the older volcanoes represented by Canada Hills, and Conaree Hills lie past the airport and Basseterre on the southeast flank. The Salt Dome Peninsula contains the oldest volcanic deposits, 2.3–2.77 Myr in age, consisting of at least nine <a href="/wiki/Pelean_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelean eruption">Pelean domes</a> rising up to 319 metres (1,047 ft) in height, which includes Williams Hill and <a href="/wiki/St._Anthony%27s_Peak" title="St. Anthony's Peak">St. Anthony's Peak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Saint_Kitts_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/West_Saint_Kitts_map.png/136px-West_Saint_Kitts_map.png" decoding="async" width="136" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/West_Saint_Kitts_map.png/204px-West_Saint_Kitts_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/West_Saint_Kitts_map.png/272px-West_Saint_Kitts_map.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">French and English partitions of west St. Kitts. Note the location of Fort Charles and the sulphur mine further to the west.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Saint_Kitts_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/East_Saint_Kitts_map.png/156px-East_Saint_Kitts_map.png" decoding="async" width="156" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/East_Saint_Kitts_map.png/234px-East_Saint_Kitts_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/East_Saint_Kitts_map.png/312px-East_Saint_Kitts_map.png 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="746" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">French and English partitions of east St. Kitts. Note the location of Fort Basseterre.</div></div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StKitts_Brimstomhill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/StKitts_Brimstomhill.jpg/300px-StKitts_Brimstomhill.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/StKitts_Brimstomhill.jpg/450px-StKitts_Brimstomhill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/StKitts_Brimstomhill.jpg/600px-StKitts_Brimstomhill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Brimstone_Hill" title="Siege of Brimstone Hill">Siege of Brimstone Hill</a>, 1782, as described by an observer in a French engraving titled "Attaque de Brimstomhill".</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="History of Saint Kitts and Nevis">History of Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">last ice age</a>, the sea level was up to 91 metres (300 ft) lower and St. Kitts and Nevis were one island along with <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> (also known as Statia).<sup id="cite_ref-Hubbard_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbard-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St. Kitts was originally settled by pre-agricultural, pre-ceramic "Archaic people", who migrated south down the archipelago from Florida. In a few hundred years they disappeared, to be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a>-using and <a href="/wiki/Agriculturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculturalist">agriculturalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Saladoid" title="Saladoid">Saladoid</a> people around 100 BC, who migrated to St. Kitts north up the archipelago from the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Orinoco River">Orinoco River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>. Around 800 AD, they were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Igneri" title="Igneri">Igneri</a> people, members of the <a href="/wiki/Arawak_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Arawak peoples">Arawak</a> group.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Around 1300 AD, the <a href="/wiki/Kalinago" title="Kalinago">Kalinago</a>, or Carib people arrived on the islands. These agriculturalists quickly dispersed the Igneri, and forced them northwards to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a>. They named Saint Kitts "Liamuiga" meaning "fertile island", and would likely have expanded further north if not for the arrival of Europeans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> expedition under <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> arrived and claimed the island for Spain in 1493.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colony</a> was established in 1623, followed by a <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> colony in 1625. The English and French briefly united to pre-empt a Kalinago ambush. They <a href="/wiki/Kalinago_Genocide_of_1626" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinago Genocide of 1626">massacred the local Kalinago</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then partitioned the island, with the English colonists in the middle and the French on either end. <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1625-1630)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1625-1630)">In 1629</a>, a <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Spanish force</a> sent to clear the islands of foreign settlement <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Kitts_(1629)" title="Battle of St. Kitts (1629)">seized</a> St. Kitts. The English settlement was rebuilt following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(1630)" title="Treaty of Madrid (1630)">1630 peace</a> between England and Spain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The island alternated repeatedly between <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> (then <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern France">French</a> control during the 17th and 18th centuries, as one power took the whole island, only to have it switch hands due to treaties or military action. Actions included <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Brimstone_Hill" title="Siege of Brimstone Hill">the Siege of Brimstone Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Kitts" title="Battle of Saint Kitts">the Battle of Saint Kitts</a>. Parts of the island were heavily fortified, as exemplified by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> at <a href="/wiki/Brimstone_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Brimstone Hill">Brimstone Hill</a> and the now-crumbling <a href="/wiki/Fort_Charles_(Saint_Kitts)" title="Fort Charles (Saint Kitts)">Fort Charles</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since 1783, Saint Kitts has been affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>, which became the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery">Slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island originally produced <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, but farmers switched to <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> in 1640 because of stiff competition from the colony of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>. The labour-intensive cultivation of sugar cane was the reason for the large-scale importation of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Africa">African</a> <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slaves</a>. The importation began almost immediately upon the arrival of Europeans to the region even though sugarcane wasn't cultivated for another two hundred years on the island, leading some to discredit the earliest claims of imported African labour.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">purchasing of enslaved Africans</a> was outlawed in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> by an Act of Parliament in 1807.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> was abolished by an Act of Parliament which became law on 1 August 1834. This emancipation was followed by four years of forced enslavement,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (July 2020)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Saint_Kitts#Meaning?_Oxymoron?_Illegal_extension_of_slavehood?_Explain!" title="Talk:Saint Kitts">discuss</a></i>]</sup> put in place to protect the "planters" (plantation owners) from losing their free labour force.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>1 August is now celebrated as a public holiday and is called <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a>. In 1883, Saint Kitts, <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a> were all linked under one presidency, located on Saint Kitts, to the dismay of the Nevisians and Anguillans. Anguilla left this arrangement in 1971, after an armed raid on Saint Kitts in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sugar production continued to dominate the local economy until 2005, when, after 365 years of having a <a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">monoculture</a>, the government closed the <a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">sugar industry</a>. This decision was made because of huge losses and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> plans to greatly cut sugar prices.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Parishes of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Parishes of Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></div> <p>For purposes of governing, the island is divided into nine <a href="/wiki/Parish_(administrative_division)" title="Parish (administrative division)">parishes</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Nichola_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ Church Nichola Town">Christ Church Nichola Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne_Sandy_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Anne Sandy Point">Saint Anne Sandy Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Basseterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint George Basseterre">Saint George Basseterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Capisterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John Capisterre">Saint John Capisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary_Cayon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Mary Cayon">Saint Mary Cayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_Capisterre_Parish" title="Saint Paul Capisterre Parish">Saint Paul Capisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Basseterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter Basseterre">Saint Peter Basseterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Middle_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Thomas Middle Island">Saint Thomas Middle Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Palmetto_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Palmetto Point">Trinity Palmetto Point</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saint Kitts & Nevis uses the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_dollar" title="Eastern Caribbean dollar">Eastern Caribbean dollar</a>, which maintains a fixed exchange rate of 2.7-to-one with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US dollar is almost as widely accepted on the island as the Eastern Caribbean dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For hundreds of years, Saint Kitts operated as a <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">monoculture</a>, but due to decreasing profitability, the government closed the industry in 2005. <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a> is a major and growing source of income to the island, although the number and density of resorts is less than on many other Caribbean islands. <a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">Transportation</a>, non-sugar agriculture, manufacturing and construction are the other growing sectors of the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saint Kitts is dependent on tourism to drive its economy. Tourism has been increasing since 1978. In 2009, there were 587,479 arrivals to Saint Kitts compared to 379,473 in 2007, a growth of just under 40% in a two-year period. As tourism grows, the demand for vacation property increases in conjunction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Saint Kitts & Nevis also acquires foreign direct investment from their unique citizenship-by-investment programme, outlined in their Citizenship Act of 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interested parties can acquire citizenship if they pass the government's strict background checks and make an investment into an approved real estate development. Purchasers who pass government due diligence and make a minimum investment of US$400,000, into qualifying government-approved real estate, are entitled to apply for citizenship of the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Many projects are approved under the citizenship-by-investment programme. </p><p>The country hosts an annual <a href="/wiki/St._Kitts_Music_Festival" title="St. Kitts Music Festival">St. Kitts Music Festival</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Bradshaw_International_Airport" title="Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport">Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport</a> serves Saint Kitts. </p><p>The Basseterre Ferry Terminal facilitates travel between Saint Kitts and sister island Nevis.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge railway">narrow-gauge</a> (30 inches<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) <a href="/wiki/St._Kitts_Scenic_Railway" title="St. Kitts Scenic Railway">St. Kitts Scenic Railway</a> circles the island and offers passenger service from its headquarters near the airport, although the service is geared more for tourists than as day-to-day transportation for residents. Built between 1912 and 1926 to transport sugar cane from farms to the sugar factory in Basseterre, since 2003 the railway has offered a 3.5-hour, 30-mile circle tour of the island on specially designed double-decker open-air coaches, with 12 miles of the trip being by bus.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_natives_and_residents">Notable natives and residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable natives and residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saint Kitts is or was the residence of: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Simmonds" title="Kennedy Simmonds">Sir Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds</a></b>, first Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Dr. Simmonds instigated Porte Zante and the South East Peninsula Road on Frigate Bay in Saint Kitts which is named in his honour: Dr. Kennedy Simmonds Highway.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Armatrading" title="Joan Armatrading">Joan Armatrading</a>, a British singer-songwriter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Astaphan" title="George Astaphan">George Astaphan</a>, born in St. Kitts, was a physician who gave steroids to the sprinter <a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnson_(Canadian_sprinter)" title="Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)">Ben Johnson</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imruh_Bakari" title="Imruh Bakari">Imruh Bakari</a>, born in St. Kitts, film maker and writer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchens_Chews_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchens Chews Bishop">Hutchens C. Bishop</a>, pre-civil-rights-era clergyman who led the 1917 <a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Negro Silent Protest Parade</a> in New York, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-findingCharitysFolks_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-findingCharitysFolks-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bradshaw_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bradshaw (politician)">Robert Bradshaw</a>, first Premier of Saint Kitts and Nevis.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Burt" title="Archibald Burt">Archibald Burt</a>, born in Saint Kitts, first Chief Justice of Western Australia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Caesar" title="Burt Caesar">Burt Caesar</a>, born in Saint Kitts, actor, broadcaster and director.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogus_Caesar" title="Pogus Caesar">Pogus Caesar</a>, British artist, author, television producer and director.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Carty" title="Linda Carty">Linda Carty</a>, possessing both United States and British citizenship and on death row in Texas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Collins" title="Kim Collins">Kim Collins</a>, a former world champion sprinter (2003).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Dexter" title="Felix Dexter">Felix Dexter</a>, an actor, comedian, and writer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Durov" title="Pavel Durov">Pavel Durov</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Durov" title="Nikolai Durov">Nikolai Durov</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertil_Fox" title="Bertil Fox">Bertil Fox</a>, born in Saint Kitts, became a professional bodybuilder and was convicted of murder.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Grainger" title="James Grainger">James Grainger</a>, Scottish doctor and planter, who published the georgic poem <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sugar_Cane" title="The Sugar Cane">The Sugar Cane</a></i> in 1764 and also wrote about diseases among the slaves.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Gumbs" title="Keith Gumbs">Keith Gumbs</a>, an international football player who currently plays as a striker for the Liga Indonesia side Sriwijaya FC.</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Harford" title="James Harford">James Harford</a>, Administrator of Saint Christopher from 1940 to 1946.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiba_Harris" title="Atiba Harris">Atiba Harris</a>, a Kittitian footballer who currently plays for FC Dallas, United States, in Major League Soccer.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Hodge" title="Virgil Hodge">Virgil Hodge</a>, a sprinter specialising in the 200 metres event.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konris_Maynard" title="Konris Maynard">Konris Maynard</a>, a Calypso musician and politician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nickle_(army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Nickle (army)">Major-General Sir Robert Nickle</a>, governor of Saint Christopher from 1830.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryl_Phillips" title="Caryl Phillips">Caryl Phillips</a>, born in St. Kitts, novelist, playwright and essayist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandra_Ponteen" title="Tiandra Ponteen">Tiandra Ponteen</a>, a sprinter specialising in the 200 metres and the 400 metres.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Rashford" title="Marcus Rashford">Marcus Rashford</a>, professional footballer for <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United</a> and England. Born in Manchester of Kittitian descent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Rosmead" title="Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead">Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead</a>, governor of Saint Christopher from 1855 to 1859.</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Sebastian" title="Cuthbert Sebastian">Cuthbert Sebastian</a>, Governor-General of St Kitts-Nevis from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2012, his retirement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Matthew_Sebastian" title="Joseph Matthew Sebastian">Joseph Matthew Sebastian</a>, a Caribbean trade union leader and politician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Skerrit-Andrew" title="Shirley Skerrit-Andrew">Shirley Skerrit-Andrew</a>, former High Commissioner to Canada.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Soubise" title="Julius Soubise">Julius Soubise</a>, a freed Afro-Caribbean slave who became a well-known fop in the UK during the 1760s and 1770s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Strauss" title="Neil Strauss">Neil Strauss</a>, an American author and journalist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ver" title="Roger Ver">Roger Ver</a>, businessman who renounced his U.S. citizenship.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Wells" title="Nathaniel Wells">Nathaniel Wells</a>, born in St Kitts, British planter, politician and the first black High Sheriff in Britain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desai_Williams" title="Desai Williams">Desai Williams</a>, a former sprinter who won a bronze medal in the 1984 Olympics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Ned Young">Ned Young</a>, born in Saint Kitts, was a sailor, mutineer from the <a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty" title="Mutiny on the Bounty">HMS <i>Bounty</i> incident</a> and co-founder of the mutineers' <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Island" title="Pitcairn Island">Pitcairn Island</a> settlement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Harris" title="Timothy Harris">The Hon Dr Timothy Harris</a>, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2015–2022).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew"> The Hon Dr. Terrance Drew</a>, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2022–present).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Griffin" title="Angela Griffin">Angela Griffin</a>, a British actress and television presenter. Born in Leeds of Kittitian descent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikyle_Louis" title="Mikyle Louis">Mikyle Louis</a>, first Kittitian to play Test cricket for the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_S0577137.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from Sir Timothy's Hill"><img alt="View from Sir Timothy's Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_S0577137.jpg/120px-2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_S0577137.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_S0577137.jpg/180px-2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_S0577137.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_S0577137.jpg/240px-2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_S0577137.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2796" data-file-height="1837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from Sir Timothy's Hill</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Southeast Peninsula (Saint Kitts). The island on the left is Nevis."><img alt="Southeast Peninsula (Saint Kitts). The island on the left is Nevis." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg/120px-Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg/180px-Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg/240px-Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Peninsula_(Saint_Kitts)" title="Southeast Peninsula (Saint Kitts)">Southeast Peninsula (Saint Kitts)</a>. The island on the left is <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_at_Dawn.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Kitts at dawn as seen from a ship entering the port of Basseterre"><img alt="St. Kitts at dawn as seen from a ship entering the port of Basseterre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Saint_Kitts_at_Dawn.JPG/120px-Saint_Kitts_at_Dawn.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Saint_Kitts_at_Dawn.JPG/180px-Saint_Kitts_at_Dawn.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Saint_Kitts_at_Dawn.JPG/240px-Saint_Kitts_at_Dawn.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5366" data-file-height="2989" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. Kitts at dawn as seen from a ship entering the port of Basseterre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Basseterre,_St._Kitts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown Basseterre"><img alt="Downtown Basseterre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Downtown_Basseterre%2C_St._Kitts.jpg/120px-Downtown_Basseterre%2C_St._Kitts.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Downtown_Basseterre%2C_St._Kitts.jpg/180px-Downtown_Basseterre%2C_St._Kitts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Downtown_Basseterre%2C_St._Kitts.jpg/240px-Downtown_Basseterre%2C_St._Kitts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Downtown Basseterre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diver_and_fish,_MV_River_Taw_wreck,_St._Kitts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diver and fish, MV River Taw wreck"><img alt="Diver and fish, MV River Taw wreck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Diver_and_fish%2C_MV_River_Taw_wreck%2C_St._Kitts.jpg/90px-Diver_and_fish%2C_MV_River_Taw_wreck%2C_St._Kitts.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Diver_and_fish%2C_MV_River_Taw_wreck%2C_St._Kitts.jpg/135px-Diver_and_fish%2C_MV_River_Taw_wreck%2C_St._Kitts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Diver_and_fish%2C_MV_River_Taw_wreck%2C_St._Kitts.jpg/180px-Diver_and_fish%2C_MV_River_Taw_wreck%2C_St._Kitts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diver and fish, MV River Taw wreck</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BrimstoneHill01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brimstone Hill Fortress"><img alt="Brimstone Hill Fortress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BrimstoneHill01.jpg/120px-BrimstoneHill01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BrimstoneHill01.jpg/180px-BrimstoneHill01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/BrimstoneHill01.jpg/240px-BrimstoneHill01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brimstone Hill Fortress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_S0357090.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruins at Brimstone Hill"><img alt="Ruins at Brimstone Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_S0357090.jpg/120px-2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_S0357090.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_S0357090.jpg/180px-2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_S0357090.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_S0357090.jpg/240px-2016_02_FRD_Caribbean_Cruise_Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_S0357090.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ruins at Brimstone Hill</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_de_Saint_Kitts_janvier_1782.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of St. Kitts in January 1782"><img alt="Battle of St. Kitts in January 1782" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bataille_de_Saint_Kitts_janvier_1782.jpg/120px-Bataille_de_Saint_Kitts_janvier_1782.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bataille_de_Saint_Kitts_janvier_1782.jpg/180px-Bataille_de_Saint_Kitts_janvier_1782.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bataille_de_Saint_Kitts_janvier_1782.jpg/240px-Bataille_de_Saint_Kitts_janvier_1782.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Battle of St. Kitts in January 1782</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flyingoverstkitts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flying towards the north end of the island, looking down part of the west or Caribbean coast"><img alt="Flying towards the north end of the island, looking down part of the west or Caribbean coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flyingoverstkitts.jpg/113px-Flyingoverstkitts.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flyingoverstkitts.jpg/170px-Flyingoverstkitts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flyingoverstkitts.jpg/227px-Flyingoverstkitts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1444" data-file-height="1529" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flying towards the north end of the island, looking down part of the west or Caribbean coast</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Leeward_Islands" title="Chief Justice of the Leeward Islands">Chief Justice of the Leeward Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_St._Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of St. Kitts and Nevis">Culture of St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Sc-map.png" title="File:Sc-map.png">Map of Saint Kitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a>, St. Kitts' sister island</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+the+West+Indies+Seismic+Research+Centre&rft.atitle=St.+Kitts+%E2%80%93+Geology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuwiseismic.com%2FGeneral.aspx%3Fid%3D60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004084901/http://caribbeanvolcanoes.com/st-kitts-geology/">"St. Kitts Geology"</a>. <i>Caribbean Volcanoes</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caribbeanvolcanoes.com/st-kitts-geology/">the original</a> on 4 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caribbean+Volcanoes&rft.atitle=St.+Kitts+Geology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaribbeanvolcanoes.com%2Fst-kitts-geology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oas.org/pgdm/hazmap/volcano/stk_volc.htm">"Volcanic Hazard Assessment for St. Kitts"</a>. <i>Volcanic Hazard Assessment for St. Kitts, Lesser Antilles</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Volcanic+Hazard+Assessment+for+St.+Kitts%2C+Lesser+Antilles&rft.atitle=Volcanic+Hazard+Assessment+for+St.+Kitts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oas.org%2Fpgdm%2Fhazmap%2Fvolcano%2Fstk_volc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWetsermannKiel1961" class="citation book cs1">Wetsermann, J.H.; Kiel, H. (1961). <i>The Geology of Saba and St. Eustatius</i>. Utrecht: Kemink & Zn. pp. 158–161.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geology+of+Saba+and+St.+Eustatius&rft.place=Utrecht&rft.pages=158-161&rft.pub=Kemink+%26+Zn&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Wetsermann&rft.aufirst=J.H.&rft.au=Kiel%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubbard-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hubbard_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHubbard2002" class="citation book cs1">Hubbard, Vincent (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofstkitts00vinc/page/1"><i>A History of St. Kitts</i></a></span>. Macmillan Caribbean. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofstkitts00vinc/page/1">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333747605" title="Special:BookSources/9780333747605"><bdi>9780333747605</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+St.+Kitts&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Macmillan+Caribbean&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780333747605&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofstkitts00vinc%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2013/oct/01/top-10-attractions-st-kitts-caribbean">Top 10 attractions in St Kitts</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 1 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis">"Saint Kitts and Nevis"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Saint+Kitts+and+Nevis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FSaint-Kitts-and-Nevis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Callaghan2000" class="citation book cs1">O'Callaghan, Sean (2000). <i>To Hell or Barbados</i>. Dublin: Brandon, O'Brien Press. pp. 66, 137, 148, 173, 176, 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86322-287-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86322-287-0"><bdi>978-0-86322-287-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Hell+or+Barbados&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=66%2C+137%2C+148%2C+173%2C+176%2C+202&rft.pub=Brandon%2C+O%27Brien+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-86322-287-0&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/how-did-slave-trade-end-britain">"How did the slave trade end in Britain? | Royal Museums Greenwich"</a>. <i>www.rmg.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rmg.co.uk&rft.atitle=How+did+the+slave+trade+end+in+Britain%3F+%7C+Royal+Museums+Greenwich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmg.co.uk%2Fstories%2Ftopics%2Fhow-did-slave-trade-end-britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/anguilla/">"Introduction ::Anguilla"</a>. 10 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+%3A%3AAnguilla&rft.date=2023-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fanguilla%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/currencycharts/?from=USD&to=XCD">"USD/XCD Chart"</a>. XE.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USD%2FXCD+Chart&rft.pub=XE.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xe.com%2Fcurrencycharts%2F%3Ffrom%3DUSD%26to%3DXCD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stkittstourism.kn/useful_facts_55.html">St Kitts Tourism Authority</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513021409/http://stkittstourism.kn/useful_facts_55.html">Archived</a> 13 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Eastern Caribbean Dollar (XCD$). U.S. bills are accepted by most stores and businesses and change is given in E.C. currency. U.S. coins are not accepted.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gov.kn/pdf/200512_13%20Budget%20Address%20FY%202006.pdf">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elevay.com/programmes/citizenship/st-kitts-nevis/">"Citizenship-by-Investment Introduction"</a>. Elevay Global<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Citizenship-by-Investment+Introduction&rft.pub=Elevay+Global&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elevay.com%2Fprogrammes%2Fcitizenship%2Fst-kitts-nevis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.visitstkitts.com/plan-your-trip/st-kitts-ferry">https://www.visitstkitts.com/plan-your-trip/st-kitts-ferry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KTEDAAAAMBAJ&dq=30+inch+railway+gauge+st+kitts&pg=PA44">Schwartzman, M. T. "St. Kitts Railway: One Sweet Ride,"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i>Cruise Travel,</i> December 2005, accessed 15 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stkittsscenicrailway.com/">Saint Kitts Scenic Railway</a>, official site, accessed 15 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-findingCharitysFolks-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-findingCharitysFolks_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilward2015" class="citation book cs1">Milward, Jessica (15 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DgboCgAAQBAJ&q=hutchens+chew+bishop+obituary&pg=PA70"><i>Finding Charity's Folks</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820348797" title="Special:BookSources/9780820348797"><bdi>9780820348797</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finding+Charity%27s+Folks&rft.date=2015-12-15&rft.isbn=9780820348797&rft.aulast=Milward&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDgboCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhutchens%2Bchew%2Bbishop%2Bobituary%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061114180744/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0KFY/is_10_23/ai_n15894917">"A letter from Bertil: Bertil Fox is serving a life sentence for double murder on the island of St. Kitts. In this FLEX exclusive, he gives his version of what happened on that fateful day in 1997"</a>. <i>Flex</i>. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0KFY/is_10_23/ai_n15894917/">the original</a> on 14 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flex&rft.atitle=A+letter+from+Bertil%3A+Bertil+Fox+is+serving+a+life+sentence+for+double+murder+on+the+island+of+St.+Kitts.+In+this+FLEX+exclusive%2C+he+gives+his+version+of+what+happened+on+that+fateful+day+in+1997&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m0KFY%2Fis_10_23%2Fai_n15894917%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100503024327/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1012887/index.htm">"The Muscle Murders"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 18 May 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1012887/index.htm">the original</a> on 3 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+Muscle+Murders&rft.date=1998-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fvault%2Farticle%2Fmagazine%2FMAG1012887%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schwarzenegger.it/mro/fox.html">"BERTIL FOX: STARS OF BODYBUILDING | MRO Fansite | History of Mr. and Masters Olympia | The Best Bodybuilders, Muscle Gallery, Bodybuilder, photos, links, pics, videos, biography, news, interview"</a>. Schwarzenegger.it<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BERTIL+FOX%3A+STARS+OF+BODYBUILDING+%26%23124%3B+MRO+Fansite+%26%23124%3B+History+of+Mr.+and+Masters+Olympia+%26%23124%3B+The+Best+Bodybuilders%2C+Muscle+Gallery%2C+Bodybuilder%2C+photos%2C+links%2C+pics%2C+videos%2C+biography%2C+news%2C+interview&rft.pub=Schwarzenegger.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schwarzenegger.it%2Fmro%2Ffox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Kitts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bertilfox.com/trial.html">Bertilfox.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090826234315/http://www.bertilfox.com/trial.html">Archived</a> 26 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whitecapsfc.com/player/atiba-harris">Atiba Harris</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129181350/http://whitecapsfc.com/player/atiba-harris">Archived</a> 29 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Saint_Kitts#Q204989" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saint_Kitts" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114101653/https://www.gov.kn/">Official Government of Saint Kitts & Nevis website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150624041359/http://www.winnfm.com/">Saint Kitts & Nevis News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190124093506/https://inskn.com/">Saint Kitts & Nevis Media Portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060830111525/http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/kitts.htm">Mustrad.org.uk: "Christmas Sports in Saint Kitts"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stkittstourism.kn:">St. Kitts Tourism Authority Website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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Anne Sandy Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Basseterre_Parish" title="Saint George Basseterre Parish">Saint George Basseterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Capisterre_Parish" title="Saint John Capisterre Parish">Saint John Capisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary_Cayon_Parish" title="Saint Mary Cayon Parish">Saint Mary Cayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_Capisterre_Parish" title="Saint Paul Capisterre Parish">Saint Paul Capisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Basseterre_Parish" title="Saint Peter Basseterre Parish">Saint Peter Basseterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Middle_Island_Parish" title="Saint Thomas Middle Island Parish">Saint Thomas Middle Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Palmetto_Point_Parish" title="Trinity Palmetto Point Parish">Trinity Palmetto Point</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/90px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/135px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/180px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Gingerland_Parish" title="Saint George Gingerland Parish">Saint George Gingerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_Windward_Parish" title="Saint James Windward Parish">Saint James Windward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Figtree_Parish" title="Saint John Figtree Parish">Saint John Figtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_Charlestown_Parish" title="Saint Paul Charlestown Parish">Saint Paul Charlestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Lowland_Parish" title="Saint Thomas Lowland Parish">Saint Thomas Lowland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_topics_20px&#124;Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Template:Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Template 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> topics <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="649" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">order of chivalry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign subject</a> of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>, founded in 1099 in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Governance" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Council of the Order of Malta">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_General_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Chapter General of the Order of Malta">Chapter General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">Grand Priories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">Commanderies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)">Langues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Diplomatic missions of</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_to_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Diplomatic missions to</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_permanent_observers_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of permanent observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">Auxiliaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix-de-Malte.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/15px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/23px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/30px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Malteser_International" title="Malteser International">Malteser International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Malta_Ambulance_Corps" title="Order of Malta Ambulance Corps">Order of Malta Ambulance Corps</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_Hospitalier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/15px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/23px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/30px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Military_Corps" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Military Corps</a>: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_SMOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/15px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/23px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/30px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Air_force" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Air Force</a> <i>(Historically: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/15px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/23px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/30px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="6300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Navy of the Order of Saint John">Navy</a>)</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_line_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="List of ships of the line of the Order of Saint John">Ships of the line</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Flag and coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Crux_Alba" title="Ave Crux Alba">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_passport" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_scudo" title="Maltese scudo">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Postal system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">History</a>,<br />including<br />major<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_Hospitaller_sites" title="List of Knights Hospitaller sites">sites</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">commanderies</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Castles_and_fortifications_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Castles and fortifications of the Knights Hospitaller">premises</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Battles involving the Knights Hospitaller">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">capital</a></i>) (1869)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Priorato_di_Malta" title="Villa del Priorato di Malta">Villa del Priorato di Malta</a> (1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Malta</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Malta" title="Fortifications of Malta">Fortifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Birgu" title="Fortifications of Birgu">Birgu</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Angelo" title="Fort St. Angelo">Fort St Angelo</a> (2001))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Senglea" title="Fortifications of Senglea">Senglea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Michael" title="Fort Saint Michael">Fort St Michael</a>)<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Mdina" title="Fortifications of Mdina">Mdina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Valletta" title="Fortifications of Valletta">Valletta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Elmo" title="Fort Saint Elmo">Fort St Elmo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cittadella_(Gozo)" title="Cittadella (Gozo)">Cittadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriana_Lines" title="Floriana Lines">Floriana Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Margherita_Lines" title="Santa Margherita Lines">Santa Margherita Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonera_Lines" title="Cottonera Lines">Cottonera Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ricasoli" title="Fort Ricasoli">Fort Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Manoel" title="Fort Manoel">Fort Manoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Chambray" title="Fort Chambray">Fort Chambray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tign%C3%A9" title="Fort Tigné">Fort Tigné</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortifications_in_Malta" title="List of fortifications in Malta">others</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">Palaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster%27s_Palace_(Valletta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandmaster's Palace (Valletta)">Grand Master's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilhena_Palace" title="Vilhena Palace">Vilhena Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdala_Palace" title="Verdala Palace">Verdala Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Anton_Palace" title="San Anton Palace">San Anton Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Co-Cathedral" title="Saint John's Co-Cathedral">St John (Conventual Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Liesse" title="Church of Our Lady of Liesse">Our Lady of Liesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Pilar,_Valletta" title="Church of Our Lady of Pilar, Valletta">Our Lady of Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Victory_(Valletta)" title="Church of Our Lady of Victory (Valletta)">Our Lady of Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Barbara,_Valletta" title="Church of Saint Barbara, Valletta">St Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Italy,_Valletta" title="Church of Saint Catherine of Italy, Valletta">St Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_Saint_Lawrence,_Vittoriosa" title="Collegiate Church of Saint Lawrence, Vittoriosa">St Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auberges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Allemagne,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Allemagne, Birgu">Allemagne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Angleterre" title="Auberge d'Angleterre">Angleterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Aragon,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Aragon, Birgu">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Auvergne_et_Provence" title="Auberge d'Auvergne et Provence">Auvergne et Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille_et_Portugal" title="Auberge de Castille et Portugal">Castille et Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_France,_Birgu" title="Auberge de France, Birgu">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Italie, Birgu">Italie</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Allemagne" title="Auberge d'Allemagne">Allemagne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Aragon" title="Auberge d'Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Auvergne" title="Auberge d'Auvergne">Auvergne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Auberge de Bavière">Bavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille" title="Auberge de Castille">Castille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_France" title="Auberge de France">France</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie" title="Auberge d'Italie">Italie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Provence" title="Auberge de Provence">Provence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Rhodes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Rhodes" title="Fortifications of Rhodes">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_of_Rhodes" title="Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes">Palace of the Grand Master</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Saint John d'Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monastery_in_Abu_Ghosh" title="Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvoir Fortress">Belvoir Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastel_Rouge" title="Chastel Rouge">Chastel Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist,_Ein_Karem,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint John the Baptist, Ein Karem, Jerusalem">Church of Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Germans" title="Church of Saint Mary of the Germans">Church of Saint Mary of the Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliath" title="Coliath">Coliath</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibelacar" title="Gibelacar">Gibelacar</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margat" title="Margat">Margat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Tripoli" title="Hospitaller Tripoli">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Heitersheim" title="Principality of Heitersheim">Principality of Heitersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">Colonization of the Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">Military<br />history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_crusade" title="Lord Edward's crusade">9th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Battles involving the Knights Hospitaller">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">Siege of Jerusalem (1187)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">Battle of Arsuf (1191)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">Siege of Acre (1291)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_conquest_of_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes">Conquest of Rhodes (1306–1310)</a></li> <li>Sieges of Rhodes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1444)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1444)">1444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1480)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1480)">1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1522)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1522)">1522</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Gozo_(1551)" title="Invasion of Gozo (1551)">Invasion of Gozo (1551)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1551)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1551)">Siege of Tripoli (1551)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta (1565)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto (1571)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_%C5%BBejtun" title="Raid on Żejtun">Raid on Żejtun (1614)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Damietta_(1732)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Damietta (1732) (page does not exist)">Battle of Damietta (1732)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">Loss of Malta (1798)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Extant <i><a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritoriality</a></i> (with year of proclamation)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span> Demolished or sparse remains</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_overseas_territories" title="Template talk:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and Current <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Legend</span></dt> <dd>Former territory</dd> <dd><b>Current territory</b></dd> <dd>*Current <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></dd> <dd><sup>†</sup>Current member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></b> since 1960 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Corsica</a> 1794–1796</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b> since 1713</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> 1807–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> 1809–1864</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a> 1542–1800 <span style="font-size:85%;">(integrated into the UK)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Free State</a> 1921–1931</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Protectorate</a> 1800–1813</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Colony</a> 1813–1964</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Minorca</a> 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>) 1868–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) 1884–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cameroons" title="British Cameroons">Cameroons</a><sup>13</sup> 1919–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> 1795–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape of Good Hope</a> 1806–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">Central Africa</a> 1891–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa</a> 1895–1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Egypt</a> 1882–1922</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">The Gambia</a> 1816–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>) 1874–1957</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a> 1920–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_Colony" title="Lagos Colony">Lagos</a> 1862–1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Madeira" title="History of Madeira">Madeira</a> 1807–1808</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a> 1810–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a> 1856–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Coast_Protectorate" title="Niger Coast Protectorate">Niger Coast</a> 1884–1900</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Nigeria</a> 1914–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a><sup>15</sup> 1924–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a> 1891–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles" title="History of Seychelles">Seychelles</a> 1903–1976</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate">Sierra Leone</a> 1792–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">Somaliland</a> 1884–1960</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> 1910–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South-West Africa">South-West Africa</a><sup>12</sup> 1915–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a><sup>14</sup> 1923–1965 and 1979–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Swaziland">Swaziland</a> 1893–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Sudan</a> 1899–1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika</a><sup>13</sup> 1922–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda</a> 1890–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> 1890–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a> 1887–1897</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>12</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><sup>13</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. British Cameroons is now part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, while Tanganyika is part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</li> <li><sup>14</sup><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Self-governing</a> Southern Rhodesia <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965 (as <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>) and continued as an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">unrecognised</a> state until the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement" title="Lancaster House Agreement">Lancaster House Agreement</a>. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.</li> <li><sup>15</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a> 1839–1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">Afghanistan</a> 1839–1842 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">Protectorate</a> 1879–1919</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">Bencoolen</a> 1685–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Banka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belitung" title="Belitung">Billiton</a> 1812–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> 1757–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (protectorate) 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a> 1874–1963</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></b> since 1965 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>)<sup>26</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Burma</a> 1824–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a> 1888–1984</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a> 1795–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> 1841–1997</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a><sup>18</sup> 1858–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> 1811–1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a> 1918–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Labuan</a> 1848–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> 1819–1826 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated States</a> 1895–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated States</a> 1885–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Union</a> 1946–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation</a> 1948–1957</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_the_Maldives" title="Independence of the Maldives">Maldives</a> 1796–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_Manila" title="British occupation of Manila">Manila and Cavite</a> 1762–1764</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a><sup>19</sup> 1920–1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a> 1891–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> 1882–1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a> 1781–1784 and 1795–1819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a><sup>19</sup> 1923–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Penang" title="History of Penang">Penang</a> 1786–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4n_S%C6%A1n_Island" title="Côn Sơn Island">Pulo Condore</a> 1702–1705</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> 1841–1946 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> 1946–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">South Vietnam</a> 1945–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> 1826–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> 1921–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a> 1892–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihaiwei_under_British_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Weihaiwei under British rule">Weihai</a> 1898–1930</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>18</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><sup>19</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Iraqi Treaty">Anglo-Iraqi Treaty</a></li> <li><sup>26</sup>Legitimacy of territorial establishment <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">disputed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></b> since 1650</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> 1632–1860</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> 1860–1981</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bahamas" title="History of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a> 1670–1973</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a> 1624–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a> 1643–1860</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">Belize</a> 1871–1981</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></b> since 1619</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Territories" title="British Arctic Territories">British Arctic Territories</a> 16th c.–1880</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">British Columbia</a> 1858–1866 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">1866–1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> 1754–1820</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dominica" title="History of Dominica">Dominica</a> 1763–1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Grenada" title="History of Grenada">Grenada</a> 1762–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province</a> 1841–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Dominion</a> 1867–1931</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> 1663–1712</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></b> since 1670</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> 1818–1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> 1701–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> 1733–1776</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Jamaica</a> 1655–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leeward_Islands" title="British Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> 1671–1816, 1833–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">MassachusettsBay</a> 1629–1691 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province</a>, 1691–1776</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> 1632–1776</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></b> since 1632</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> 1655–1860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> 1628–1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a> 1579</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Brunswick" title="History of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> 1784–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">New England</a> 1686–1689</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> 1680–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> 1637–1662</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> 1665–1674 and 1702–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> 1664–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> 1583–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> 1859–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> 1713–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulet_affair_(1843)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulet affair (1843)">Paulet affair</a> 1843</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="History of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> 1763–1873</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> 1681–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> 1620–1691</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> 1763–1791* <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_the_Queen_Charlotte_Islands" title="Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands">Queen Charlotte Islands</a> 1853–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> 1670–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> 1625–1650</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Kitts</a> 1623–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="History of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> 1882–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> 1605–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> 1627–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> 1635–1644</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen</a> 1862–1863</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> 1889–1962</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></b> since 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Vancouver_Island" title="Colony of Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> 1849–1866</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></b> since 1666</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> 1607–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Florida" title="British West Florida">West Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> 1958–1962 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">Associated States</a> 1967–1983</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Windward_Islands" title="British Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a> 1833–1960</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">18th and 19th centuries</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">20th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">New South Wales</a> 1788–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Tasmania</a> 1803–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1807–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a><sup>21</sup> 1824–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Queensland" title="Colony of Queensland">Queensland</a> 1824–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Western Australia">Western Australia</a> 1829–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of South Australia">South Australia</a> 1836–1901</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="History of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></b> since 1838</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1841–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia" title="North Australia">North Australia</a> 1846–1847</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria" title="Colony of Victoria">Victoria</a> 1851–1901</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Fiji</a> 1874–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Western_Pacific_Territories" title="British Western Pacific Territories">Western Pacific Territories</a> 1877–1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> 1884–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Federation" title="Cook Islands Federation">Cook Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1888–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Islands">Union Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1889–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a><sup>22</sup> 1892–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> 1893–1978</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tonga" title="History of Tonga">Tonga</a> 1900–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Niue" title="History of Niue">Niue</a><sup>20</sup> 1900–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">Australia</a> 1901–1942</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1907–1947</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Samoa</a> 1914–1962</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> 1919–1942 and 1945–1968</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>20</sup>Now part of the <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li> <li><sup>21</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><sup>22</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> and <sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island</a> 1631–1641</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughbyland" class="mw-redirect" title="Willoughbyland">Willoughbyland</a> 1651–1667</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Saint Andrew and Providence Islands</a><sup>4</sup> 1670–1688</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">Guiana</a> 1831–1966</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1833</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>4</sup>Now a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup>Occupied by Argentina during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> of April–June 1982.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica_and_the_South_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica and the South Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b> since 1833</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>)</span> 1841–1933</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>)</span> 1841–1947</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></b><sup>24</sup> since 1908</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>25</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>23</sup>Since 2009 part of <b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></b>; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.</li> <li><sup>24</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</li> <li><sup>25</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">Historical flags of the British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> culture</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Empire" title="Category:British Empire">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" 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