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electrolysis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fused salt electrolysis"> <meta name="keywords" content="fused salt electrolysis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fused salt electrolysis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 955</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fused salt electrolysis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">955</span> Fused Salt Electrolysis of Rare-Earth Materials from the Domestic Ore and Preparation of Rare-Earth Hydrogen Storage Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Hyun%20Yoo">Jeong-Hyun Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanjung%20Kwon"> Hanjung Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Wook%20Cho"> Sung-Wook Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused salt electrolysis was studied to make the high purity rare-earth metals using domestic rare-earth ore. The target metals of the fused salt electrolysis were Mm (Misch metal), La, Ce, Nd, etc. Fused salt electrolysis was performed with the supporting salt such as chloride and fluoride at the various temperatures and ampere. The metals made by fused salt electrolysis were analyzed to identify the phase and composition using the methods of XRD and ICP. As a result, the acquired rare-earth metals were the high purity ones which had more than 99% purity. Also, VIM (vacuum induction melting) was studied to make the kg level rare-earth alloy for the use of secondary battery and hydrogen storage. In order to indentify the physicochemical properties such as phase, impurity gas, alloy composition and hydrogen storage, the alloys were investigated. The battery characteristics were also analyzed through the various tests in the real production line of a battery company. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20rare-earth%20ore" title="domestic rare-earth ore">domestic rare-earth ore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20salt%20electrolysis" title=" fused salt electrolysis"> fused salt electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare-earth%20materials" title=" rare-earth materials"> rare-earth materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20storage%20alloy" title=" hydrogen storage alloy"> hydrogen storage alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20battery" title=" secondary battery"> secondary battery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17072/fused-salt-electrolysis-of-rare-earth-materials-from-the-domestic-ore-and-preparation-of-rare-earth-hydrogen-storage-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">954</span> The Impact of Low-Concentrated Acidic Electrolyzed Water on Foodborne Pathogens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewa%20Brychcy">Ewa Brychcy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Ulbin-Figlewicz"> Natalia Ulbin-Figlewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominika%20Kulig"> Dominika Kulig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%BBaneta%20Kr%C3%B3l"> Żaneta Król</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20Jarmoluk"> Andrzej Jarmoluk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) is an alternative with environmentally friendly broad spectrum microbial decontamination. It is produced by membrane electrolysis of a dilute NaCl solution in water ionizers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-concentrated AEW in reducing selected foodborne pathogens and to examine its bactericidal effect on cellular structures of Escherichia coli. E. coli and S. aureus cells were undetectable after 10 minutes of contact with electrolyzed salt solutions. Non-electrolyzed solutions did not inhibit the growth of bacteria. AE water was found to destroy the cellular structures of the E. coli. The use of more concentrated salt solutions and prolonged electrolysis time from 5 to 10 minutes resulted in a greater changes of rods shape as compared to the control and non-electrolyzed NaCl solutions. This research showed that low-concentrated acid electrolyzed water is an effective method to significantly reduce pathogenic microorganisms and indicated its potential application for decontamination of meat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidic%20electrolyzed%20water" title="acidic electrolyzed water">acidic electrolyzed water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foodborne%20pathogens" title=" foodborne pathogens"> foodborne pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20decontamination" title=" meat decontamination"> meat decontamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20electrolysis" title=" membrane electrolysis"> membrane electrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7517/the-impact-of-low-concentrated-acidic-electrolyzed-water-on-foodborne-pathogens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">953</span> Optimization of Operational Parameters and Design of an Electrochlorination System to Produce Naclo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Ignacio%20Hern%C3%A1ndez%20Arango">Pablo Ignacio Hernández Arango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niels%20Lindemeyer"> Niels Lindemeyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chlorine, as Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) solution in water, is an effective, worldwide spread, and economical substance to eliminate germs in the water. The disinfection potential of chlorine lies in its ability to degrade the outer surfaces of bacterial cells and viruses. This contribution reports the main parameters of the brine electrolysis for the production of NaClO, which is afterward used for the disinfection of water either for drinking or recreative uses. Herein, the system design was simulated, optimized, build, and tested based on titanium electrodes. The process optimization considers the whole process, from the salt (NaCl) dilution tank in order to maximize its operation time util the electrolysis itself in order to maximize the chlorine production reducing the energy and raw material (salt and water) consumption. One novel idea behind this optimization process is the modification of the flow pattern inside the electrochemical reactors. The increasing turbulence and residence time impact positively the operations figures. The operational parameters, which are defined in this study were compared and benchmarked with the parameters of actual commercial systems in order to validate the pertinency of those results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolysis" title="electrolysis">electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20disinfection" title=" water disinfection"> water disinfection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20hypochlorite" title=" sodium hypochlorite"> sodium hypochlorite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20optimization" title=" process optimization"> process optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146099/optimization-of-operational-parameters-and-design-of-an-electrochlorination-system-to-produce-naclo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">952</span> A Study of the Alumina Distribution in the Lab-Scale Cell during Aluminum Electrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Tkacheva">Olga Tkacheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Arkhipov"> Pavel Arkhipov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20Rudenko"> Alexey Rudenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yurii%20Zaikov"> Yurii Zaikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aluminum electrolysis process in the conventional cryolite-alumina electrolyte with cryolite ratio of 2.7 was carried out at an initial temperature of 970 °C and the anode current density of 0.5 A/cm<sup>2</sup> in a 15A lab-scale cell in order to study the formation of the side ledge during electrolysis and the alumina distribution between electrolyte and side ledge. The alumina contained 35.97% α-phase and 64.03% γ-phase with the particles size in the range of 10-120 μm. The cryolite ratio and the alumina concentration were determined in molten electrolyte during electrolysis and in frozen bath after electrolysis. The side ledge in the electrolysis cell was formed only by the 13<sup>th</sup> hour of electrolysis. With a slight temperature decrease a significant increase in the side ledge thickness was observed. The basic components of the side ledge obtained by the XRD phase analysis were Na<sub>3</sub>AlF<sub>6</sub>, Na<sub>5</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>F<sub>14</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and NaF<sup>.</sup>5CaF<sub>2</sub><sup>.</sup>AlF<sub>3</sub>. As in the industrial cell, the increased alumina concentration in the side ledge formed on the cell walls and at the ledge-electrolyte-aluminum three-phase boundary during aluminum electrolysis in the lab cell was found (FTP No 05.604.21.0239, IN RFMEFI60419X0239). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20distribution" title="alumina distribution">alumina distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20electrolyzer" title=" aluminum electrolyzer"> aluminum electrolyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryolie-alumina%20electrolyte" title=" cryolie-alumina electrolyte"> cryolie-alumina electrolyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20ledge" title=" side ledge"> side ledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118301/a-study-of-the-alumina-distribution-in-the-lab-scale-cell-during-aluminum-electrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">951</span> The Prospect of Producing Hydrogen by Electrolysis of Idle Discharges of Water from Reservoirs and Recycling of Waste-Gas Condensates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inom%20Sh.%20Normatov">Inom Sh. Normatov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurmakhmad%20Shermatov"> Nurmakhmad Shermatov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajabali%20Barotov"> Rajabali Barotov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rano%20Eshankulova"> Rano Eshankulova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The results of the studies for the hydrogen production by the application of water electrolysis and plasma-chemical processing of gas condensate-waste of natural gas production methods are presented. Thin coating covers the electrode surfaces in the process of water electrolysis. Therefore, water for electrolysis was first exposed to electrosedimentation. The threshold voltage is shifted to a lower value compared with the use of electrodes made of stainless steel. At electrolysis of electrosedimented water by use of electrodes from stainless steel, a significant amount of hydrogen is formed. Pyrolysis of gas condensates in the atmosphere of a nitrogen was followed by the formation of acetylene (3-7 vol.%), ethylene (4-8 vol.%), and pyrolysis carbon (10-15 wt.%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolyze" title="electrolyze">electrolyze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gascondensate" title=" gascondensate"> gascondensate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57794/the-prospect-of-producing-hydrogen-by-electrolysis-of-idle-discharges-of-water-from-reservoirs-and-recycling-of-waste-gas-condensates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">950</span> Electrolysis Ship for Green Hydrogen Production and Possible Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julian%20David%20Hunt">Julian David Hunt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Nascimento"> Andreas Nascimento</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green hydrogen is the most environmental, renewable alternative to produce hydrogen. However, an important challenge to make hydrogen a competitive energy carrier is a constant supply of renewable energy, such as solar, wind and hydropower. Given that the electricity generation potential of these sources vary seasonally and interannually, this paper proposes installing an electrolysis hydrogen production plant in a ship and move the ship to the locations where electricity is cheap, or where the seasonal potential for renewable generation is high. An example of electrolysis ship application is to produce green hydrogen with hydropower from the North region of Brazil and then sail to the Northeast region of Brazil and generate hydrogen using excess electricity from offshore wind power. The electrolysis ship concept is interesting because it has the flexibility to produce green hydrogen using the cheapest renewable electricity available in the market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20hydrogen" title="green hydrogen">green hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolysis%20ship" title=" electrolysis ship"> electrolysis ship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energies" title=" renewable energies"> renewable energies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20variations" title=" seasonal variations"> seasonal variations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133018/electrolysis-ship-for-green-hydrogen-production-and-possible-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">949</span> A Review on the Use of Salt in Building Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vesna%20Pungercar">Vesna Pungercar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Musso"> Florian Musso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying materials that can substitute rare or expensive natural resources is one of the key challenges for improving resource efficiency in the building sector. With a growing world population and rising living standards, more and more salt is produced as waste through seawater desalination and potash mining processes. Unfortunately, most of the salt is directly disposed of into nature, where it causes environmental pollution. On the other hand, salt is affordable, is used therapeutically in various respiratory treatments, and can store humidity and heat. It was, therefore, necessary to determine salt materials already in use in building construction and their hygrothermal properties. This research aims to identify salt materials from different scientific branches and historically, to investigate their properties and prioritize the most promising salt materials for indoor applications in a thermal envelope. This was realized through literature review and classification of salt materials into three groups (raw salt materials, composite salt materials, and processed salt materials). The outcome of this research shows that salt has already been used as a building material for centuries and has a potential for future applications due to its hygrothermal properties in a thermal envelope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt" title="salt">salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20material" title=" building material"> building material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygrothermal%20properties" title=" hygrothermal properties"> hygrothermal properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131197/a-review-on-the-use-of-salt-in-building-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">948</span> Salt Scarcity and Crisis Solution in Islam Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taufik%20Nugroho">Taufik Nugroho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firsty%20Dzainuurahmana"> Firsty Dzainuurahmana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tika%20Widiastuti"> Tika Widiastuti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The polemic about the salt crisis re-emerged, this is a classic problem in Indonesia and is still a homework that is not finished yet. This salt crisis occurs due to low productivity of salt commodities that have not been able to meet domestic demand and lack of salt productivity caused by several factors. One of the biggest factors of the crisis is the weather anomaly that disrupts salt production, less supportive technology and price stability. This study will try to discuss the salt scarcity and crisis solution in Islamic view. As for the conclusion of this study is the need for equilibrium or balancing between demand and supply, need to optimize the role of the government as Hisbah to maintain the balance of market mechanisms and prepare the stock system of salt stock by buying farmers products at reasonable prices then storing them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis" title="crisis">crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20solution" title=" Islamic solution"> Islamic solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scarcity" title=" scarcity"> scarcity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt" title=" salt"> salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85939/salt-scarcity-and-crisis-solution-in-islam-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">947</span> Effect of Leaks in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Tested for Durability under Co-Electrolysis Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Megha%20Rao">Megha Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%B8ren%20H.%20Jensen"> Søren H. Jensen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiufu%20Sun"> Xiufu Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anke%20Hagen"> Anke Hagen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mogens%20B.%20Mogensen"> Mogens B. Mogensen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid oxide electrolysis cells have an immense potential in converting CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O into syngas during co-electrolysis operation. The produced syngas can be further converted into hydrocarbons. This kind of technology is called power-to-gas or power-to-liquid. To produce hydrocarbons via this route, durability of the cells is still a challenge, which needs to be further investigated in order to improve the cells. In this work, various nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) fuel electrode supported or YSZ electrolyte supported cells, cerium gadolinium oxide (CGO) barrier layer, and an oxygen electrode are investigated for durability under co-electrolysis conditions in both galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. While changing the gas on the oxygen electrode, keeping the fuel electrode gas composition constant, a change in the gas concentration arc was observed by impedance spectroscopy. Measurements of open circuit potential revealed the presence of leaks in the setup. It is speculated that the change in concentration impedance may be related to the leaks. Furthermore, the cells were also tested under pressurized conditions to find an inter-play between the leak rate and the pressure. A mathematical modeling together with electrochemical and microscopy analysis is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-electrolysis" title="co-electrolysis">co-electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaks" title=" leaks"> leaks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20concentration%20arc" title=" gas concentration arc"> gas concentration arc</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98653/effect-of-leaks-in-solid-oxide-electrolysis-cells-tested-for-durability-under-co-electrolysis-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">946</span> Halophilic Bacterium: A Review of New Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassam%20Al%20Johny">Bassam Al Johny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Halophilic bacteria are organisms which thrive in salt-rich environments, such as salt lakes, solar salterns and salt mines which contain large populations of these organisms. In biotechnology, such salt-tolerant bacteria are widely used for the production of valuable enzymes, and more than a thousand years ago humans began using salt to cure and thereby preserve perishable foods and other materials, such as hides; halophiles can be detrimental to the preservation of salt brine cured hides. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the taxonomy of these organisms including novel isolates from rock salt, and also to discuss their current and future biotechnological and environmental uses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersaline%20environments" title="hypersaline environments">hypersaline environments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halophilic%20bacteria" title=" halophilic bacteria"> halophilic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20application" title=" environmental application"> environmental application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20application" title=" industrial application"> industrial application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54097/halophilic-bacterium-a-review-of-new-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">945</span> Evaluation of Salt Content in Bread and the Amount Intake by Hypertensive Patients in the Algiers Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.lanasri">S.lanasri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Boudjerrane"> A.Boudjerrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.Belgherbi"> R.Belgherbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.Hadjoudj"> O.Hadjoudj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Bread is the most popular food in Algeria. The aim of this study was to examine the consumption of salt from bread by hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: sixty breads were collected from different artisans Algiers bakeries, each sample was mixed in harm distilled water until homogeneous and filtered. Analysis of the salt content was carried out according to the Mohr method titration. We calculated the amount of salt in bread consumed by 100 hypertensive patients using a questionnaire about the average amount of bread per day. Results: The salt content values from bread were 3.4g ± 0.37 NaCl / 100g.The average amount of salt consumed per day by patients from only bread was 3.82 g ± 3.8 with a maximum of 17 g per day. Only 38.18% of patients consume bread without salt even then 95% knew that excess salt intake can complicate hypertension. Conclusion: This study showed that bread is a major contributor to salt intake by Algerian hypertensive patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt" title="salt">salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bread" title=" bread"> bread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertensive%20patients" title=" hypertensive patients"> hypertensive patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algiers" title=" Algiers"> Algiers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117913/evaluation-of-salt-content-in-bread-and-the-amount-intake-by-hypertensive-patients-in-the-algiers-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">944</span> An Exploitation of Electrical Sensors in Monitoring Pool Chlorination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Alamoudi">Fahad Alamoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Miaji"> Yaser Miaji </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing popularity of swimming pools and other activities in the water for sport, fitness, therapy or just enjoyable relaxation have led to the increased use of swimming pools and the establishment of a variety of specific-use pools such as spa pools, water slides, and more recently, hydrotherapy and wave pools. In this research, a few simple equipment is used for test, detect and alert for detection of water cleanness and pollution. YSI Photometer Systems, TDSTestr High model, Rio 12HF and Electrode A1. The researchers used electrolysis as a method of separating bonded elements and compounds by passing an electric current through them. The results which use 41 experiments show the higher the salt concentration, the more efficient the electrode and the smaller the gap between the plates, the lower the electrode voltage. Furthermore, it is proved that the larger the surface area, the lower the cell voltage and the higher current used the more chlorine produced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photometer" title="photometer">photometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode" title=" electrode"> electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolysis" title=" electrolysis"> electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swimming%20pool%20chlorination" title=" swimming pool chlorination"> swimming pool chlorination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24384/an-exploitation-of-electrical-sensors-in-monitoring-pool-chlorination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">943</span> Hydrogen Production Using Solar Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20M.%20Sakr">I. M. Sakr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20M.%20Abdelsalam"> Ali M. Abdelsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Ibrahim"> K. A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20A.%20El-Askary"> W. A. El-Askary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an experimental study for hydrogen production using alkaline water electrolysis operated by solar energy. Two methods are used and compared for separation between the cathode and anode, which are acrylic separator and polymeric membrane. Further, the effects of electrolyte concentration, solar insolation, and space between the pair of electrodes on the amount of hydrogen produced and consequently on the overall electrolysis efficiency are investigated. It is found that the rate of hydrogen production increases using the polymeric membrane installed between the electrodes. The experimental results show also that, the performance of alkaline water electrolysis unit is dominated by the electrolyte concentration and the gap between the electrodes. Smaller gaps between the pair of electrodes are demonstrated to produce higher rates of hydrogen with higher system efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title="hydrogen production">hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20electrolysis" title=" water electrolysis"> water electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62050/hydrogen-production-using-solar-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">942</span> Antioxidant Defence Systems, Lipid Peroxidation, and Photosynthetic Variables in Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Tolerant Soybean Genotypes in Response to Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faheema%20Khan">Faheema Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have investigated the effects of salt stress on the stability of plant growth, water relations, photosynthetic variables, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in salt-tolerant (PK-327) and salt-sensitive (PK-471) soybean genotypes. Ten-day-old salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive soybean plants were subjected to 0-150 mM NaCl for 15 days. While the growth of genotype PK-327 was not affected significantly up to 75 mM NaCl treatment, the growth of the PK-471 was reduced significantly beyond 25 mM NaCl treatments. Salt stress caused severe impairments in photosynthetic variables like photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content, being more pronounced in salt-sensitive genotype than in salt-tolerant.The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were higher in PK-327 than in PK-471 at various levels of salt treatments.It is concluded that tolerance capacity of PK-327 against salinity can be associated with the ability of this genotype in keeping an active photosynthetic system and strong antioxidant defence system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title="salt stress">salt stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybean" title=" soybean"> soybean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title=" photosynthesis"> photosynthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16638/antioxidant-defence-systems-lipid-peroxidation-and-photosynthetic-variables-in-salt-sensitive-and-salt-tolerant-soybean-genotypes-in-response-to-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">941</span> Swimming Pool Water Chlorination Detection System Utilizing TDSTestr </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Alamoudi">Fahad Alamoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Miaji"> Yaser Miaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawzy%20Jalalah"> Fawzy Jalalah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing popularity of swimming pools and other activities in the water for sport, fitness, therapy or just enjoyable relaxation have led to the increased use of swimming pools and the establishment of a variety of specific-use pools such as spa pools, Waterslides and more recently, hydrotherapy and wave pools. In this research a few simple equipments are used for test, Detect and alert for detection of water cleanness and pollution. YSI Photometer Systems, TDSTestr High model, rio 12HF, and Electrode A1. The researchers used electrolysis as a method of separating bonded elements and compounds by passing an electric current through them. The results which use 41 experiments show the higher the salt concentration, the more efficient the electrode and the smaller the gap between the plates and The lower the electrode voltage. Furthermore, it is proved that the larger the surface area, the lower the cell voltage and the higher current used the more chlorine produced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photometer" title="photometer">photometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode" title=" electrode"> electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolysis" title=" electrolysis"> electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swimming%20pool%20chlorination" title=" swimming pool chlorination"> swimming pool chlorination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26847/swimming-pool-water-chlorination-detection-system-utilizing-tdstestr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">940</span> Life Cycle Assessment of Rare Earth Metals Production: Hotspot Analysis of Didymium Electrolysis Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20H.%20Fukurozaki">Sandra H. Fukurozaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andre%20L.%20N.%20Silva"> Andre L. N. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joao%20B.%20F.%20Neto"> Joao B. F. Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20J.%20G.%20Landgraf"> Fernando J. G. Landgraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the rare earth (RE) metals play an important role in emerging technologies that are crucial for the decarbonisation of the energy sector. Their unique properties have led to increasing clean energy applications, such as wind turbine generators, and hybrid and electric vehicles. Despite the substantial media coverage that has recently surrounded the mining and processing of rare earth metals, very little quantitative information is available concerning their subsequent life stages, especially related to the metallic production of didymium (Nd-Pr) in fluoride molten salt system. Here we investigate a gate to gate scale life cycle assessment (LCA) of the didymium electrolysis based on three different scenarios of operational conditions. The product system is modeled with SimaPro Analyst 8.0.2 software, and IMPACT 2002+ was applied as an impact assessment tool. In order to develop a life cycle inventories built in software databases, patents, and other published sources together with energy/mass balance were utilized. Analysis indicates that from the 14 midpoint impact categories evaluated, the global warming potential (GWP) is the main contributors to the total environmental burden, ranging from 2.7E2 to 3.2E2 kg CO2eq/kg Nd-Pr. At the damage step assessment, the results suggest that slight changes in materials flows associated with enhancement of current efficiency (between 2.5% and 5%), could lead a reduction up to 12% and 15% of human health and climate change damage, respectively. Additionally, this paper highlights the knowledge gaps and future research efforts needing to understand the environmental impacts of Nd-Pr electrolysis process from the life cycle perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=didymium%20electrolysis" title="didymium electrolysis">didymium electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impacts" title=" environmental impacts"> environmental impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20metals" title=" rare earth metals"> rare earth metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101265/life-cycle-assessment-of-rare-earth-metals-production-hotspot-analysis-of-didymium-electrolysis-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">939</span> The Expression Patterns of Thai Moderately Salt Tolerant Rice and High Salt Tolerant Rice in Response to Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kongngern%20K.">Kongngern K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homwonk%20C."> Homwonk C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theerakulpisut%20P."> Theerakulpisut P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roytrakul%20R."> Roytrakul R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice cultivation is crucial globally, especially in Asia. Soil salinity poses a significant challenge for agricultural lands. Understanding the expression patterns of different rice varieties under salt stress can provide insights for developing more salt-tolerant cultivars. This study aims to compare the expression patterns of two rice varieties, Thai moderately salt-tolerant rice (Leaung Anan) and high salt-tolerant rice (Pokkali), in response to salt stress. By analyzing protein expression, the research seeks to identify key proteins associated with salt tolerance in rice. The expression patterns of the two rice varieties under salt stress were analyzed using 1D-SDS-PAGE, NanoLC-MS/MS, and MEV software. These methods enabled the researchers to assess the differential expression of proteins in the leaf sheaths of the rice plants. These results indicate that the study identified 18 proteins, exhibited significantly different expression patterns between the two rice cultivars under salt stress. Notably, certain proteins, such as Os05g0364500 and pr1-like protein, showed contrasting expression profiles in the two varieties. The up-regulated proteins, predominantly observed in the salt-tolerant rice, may contribute to the survival of rice plants under salt stress and may provide valuable insights for breeding programs aiming to enhance salt tolerancein rice cultivars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title="mass spectrometry">mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20leaf%20sheaths" title=" rice leaf sheaths"> rice leaf sheaths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20stress" title=" salt stress"> salt stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194601/the-expression-patterns-of-thai-moderately-salt-tolerant-rice-and-high-salt-tolerant-rice-in-response-to-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">938</span> Experimental Chevreul’s Salt Production Methods on Copper Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turan%20%C3%87alban">Turan Çalban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oral%20La%C3%A7in"> Oral Laçin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%C3%BCsselam%20Kurtba%C5%9F"> Abdüsselam Kurtbaş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experimental production methods Chevreul’s salt being a intermediate stage product for copper recovery were investigated by dealing with the articles written on this topic. Chevreul’s salt, Cu2SO3.CuSO3.2H2O, being a mixed valence copper sulphite compound has been obtained by using different methods and reagents. Chevreul’s salt has a intense brick-red color. It is a highly stable and expensive salt. The production of Chevreul’s salt plays a key role in hiydrometallurgy. In recent years, researchs on this compound have been intensified. Silva et al. reported that this salt is thermally stable up to 200oC. Çolak et al. precipitated the Chevreul’s salt by using ammonia and sulphur dioxide. Çalban et al. obtained at the optimum conditions by passing SO2 from leach solutions with NH3-(NH4)2SO4. Yeşiryurt and Çalban investigated the optimum precipitation conditions of Chevreul’s salt from synthetic CuSO4 solutions including Na2SO3. Çalban et al. achieved the precipitation of Chevreul’s salt at the optimum conditions by passing SO2 from synthetic CuSO4 solutions. Çalban et al. examined the precipitation conditions of Chevreul’s salt using (NH4)2SO3 from synthetic aqueous CuSO4 solutions. In light of these studies, it can be said that Chevreul’s salt can be produced practically from both a leach solutions including copper and synthetic CuSO4 solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chevreul%E2%80%99s%20salt" title="Chevreul’s salt">Chevreul’s salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia" title=" ammonia"> ammonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20sulpfite" title=" copper sulpfite"> copper sulpfite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20s%C3%BClfite" title=" sodium sülfite"> sodium sülfite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20conditions" title=" optimum conditions"> optimum conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27873/experimental-chevreuls-salt-production-methods-on-copper-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">937</span> The Investigation of Precipitation Conditions of Chevreul’s Salt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turan%20%C3%87alban">Turan Çalban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20Sevim"> Fatih Sevim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oral%20La%C3%A7in"> Oral Laçin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the precipitation conditions of Chevreul’s salt were evaluated. The structure of Chevreul’s salt was examined by considering the previous studies. Thermodynamically, the most important precipitation parameters were pH, temperature, and sulphite-copper(II) ratio. The amount of Chevreul’s salt increased with increasing the temperature and sulphite-copper(II) ratio at the certain range, while it increased with decreasing the pH value at the chosen range. The best solution medium for recovery of Chevreul’s salt is sulphur dioxide gas-water system. Moreover, the soluble sulphite salts are used as efficient precipitating reagents. Chevreul’s salt is generally used to produce the highly pure copper powders from synthetic copper sulphate solutions and impure leach solutions. When the pH of the initial ammoniacal solution is greater than 8.5, ammonia in the medium is not free, and Chevreul’s salt from solution does not precipitate. In contrast, copper ammonium sulphide is precipitated. The pH of the initial solution containing ammonia for precipitating of Chevreul’s salt must be less than 8.5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chevreul%27s%20salt" title="Chevreul's salt">Chevreul's salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20sulfites" title=" copper sulfites"> copper sulfites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20compound" title=" copper compound"> copper compound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52071/the-investigation-of-precipitation-conditions-of-chevreuls-salt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">936</span> Effect of Current Density, Temperature and Pressure on Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser Stack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Li">Na Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Simon%20Araya"> Samuel Simon Araya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%B8ren%20Knudsen%20K%C3%A6r"> Søren Knudsen Kær</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the effects of operating parameters of different current density, temperature and pressure on the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis stack. A 7-cell PEM water electrolysis stack was assembled and tested under different operation modules. The voltage change and polarization curves under different test conditions, namely current density, temperature and pressure, were recorded. Results show that higher temperature has positive effect on overall stack performance, where temperature of 80 ℃ improved the cell performance greatly. However, the cathode pressure and current density has little effect on stack performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEM%20electrolysis%20stack" title="PEM electrolysis stack">PEM electrolysis stack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20density" title=" current density"> current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131951/effect-of-current-density-temperature-and-pressure-on-proton-exchange-membrane-electrolyser-stack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">935</span> Mechanistic Studies of Compacted and Sintered Rock Salt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudia%20H.%20Swanson">Claudia H. Swanson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jens%20G%C3%BCnster"> Jens Günster</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research addresses the densification via compaction and sintering of naturally occurring rock salt which was motivated by the fact that in a saline environment rock salt is thermodynamically stable and does show a mechanical behavior compatible to the surrounding host material. The sintering of rock salt powder compacts was systematically investigated using temperature and pressure as variables for the sinter process. The behavior of rock salt showed segregations of anhydrite, CaSO4 - the major impurity found in rock salt, to the grain boundaries between individual sodium chloride crystals. Powder compacts treated with lower pressures lost those anhydrite segregates over time while high pressure treated compacts remained with anhydrite segregates. The density reached in this study is 2.008 g cm-3 corresponding to a density of 92.5 % of the theoretical value. This high density is making the sintering a promising technique for rock salt as applications in underground appropriate environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20salt" title="rock salt">rock salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sinter" title=" sinter"> sinter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anhydrite" title=" anhydrite"> anhydrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20safety" title=" nuclear safety"> nuclear safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25847/mechanistic-studies-of-compacted-and-sintered-rock-salt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">934</span> Strengthening National Salt Industry through Cultivation Upgrading and Product Diversification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etty%20Soesilowati">Etty Soesilowati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was intended to: (1) designing production systems that produce high quality salt and (2) diversification of salt products. This research used qualitative and quantitative approaches which Garam Mas Ltd. as the research site. The data were analyzed interactively and subjected to laboratory tests. The analyses showed that salt production system using HDPE geomembranes produced whiter and cleaner salts than those produced by conventional methods without HDPE geomembranes. High quality consumption salt contained 97% NaCl and a maximum of 0.05% water, in the form of white minute crystals and usually used for table salt of food and snack seasoning, souses and cheese and vegetable oil industries. Medium grade salt contained 94.7%-97% NaCl and 3%-7% water and usually used for kitchen salt, soy sauce, tofu industries and cattle feeding. Low quality salt contained 90%-94.7% NaCl and 5%-10% water, with dull white color and usually used for fish preservation and agriculture. The quality and quantity of salts production were influenced by temperatures, weather, water concentrations used during production processes and the discipline of salt farmers itself. The use of water temperature less than 23 °Be during the production processes produced low quality salts. Optimizing cultivation of the production process from raw material to end product (consumption salt) should be attempted to produce quality salt that fulfills the Indonesian National Standard. Therefore, the integrated policies among stakeholders are really needed to build strong institutional base at salt farmer level. This might be achieved through the establishment of specific region for salt production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation%20system" title="cultivation system">cultivation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversification" title=" diversification"> diversification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20products" title=" salt products"> salt products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20quality%20salt" title=" high quality salt"> high quality salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8095/strengthening-national-salt-industry-through-cultivation-upgrading-and-product-diversification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">933</span> Production of Amorphous Boron Powder via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meltem%20Bolluk">Meltem Bolluk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Duman"> Ismail Duman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Boron exhibits the properties of high melting temperature (2273K to 2573 K), high hardness (Mohs: 9,5), low density (2,340 g/cm3), high chemical resistance, high strength, and semiconductivity (band gap:1,6-2,1 eV). These superior properties enable to use it in several high-tech areas from electronics to nuclear industry and especially in high temperature metallurgy. Amorphous boron and crystalline boron have different application areas. Amorphous boron powder (directly amorphous and/or α-rhombohedral) is preferred in rocket firing, airbag inflating and in fabrication of superconducting MgB2 wires. The conventional ways to produce elemental boron with a purity of 85 pct to 95 prc are metallothermic reduction, fused salt electrolysis and mechanochemical synthesis; but the only way to produce high-purity boron powders is Chemical Vapour Deposition (Hot Surface CVD). In this study; amorphous boron powders with a minimum purity of 99,9 prc were synthesized in quartz tubes using BCl3-H2 gas mixture by CVD. Process conditions based on temperature and gas flow rate were determined. Thermodynamical interpretation of BCl3-H2 system for different temperatures and molar rates were performed using Fact Sage software. The characterization of powders was examined by using Xray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Stereo Microscope (SM), Helium gas pycnometer analysis. The purities of final products were determined by titration after lime fusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20boron" title="amorphous boron">amorphous boron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CVD" title=" CVD"> CVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20production" title=" powder production"> powder production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20characterization" title=" powder characterization"> powder characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57325/production-of-amorphous-boron-powder-via-chemical-vapor-deposition-cvd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">932</span> Thermo-Economic Evaluation of Sustainable Biogas Upgrading via Solid-Oxide Electrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ligang%20Wang">Ligang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theodoros%20Damartzis"> Theodoros Damartzis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Diethelm"> Stefan Diethelm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Van%20Herle"> Jan Van Herle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Marechal"> François Marechal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of organic sludge from wastewater treatment as well as various urban and agricultural organic wastes is of great significance to achieve a sustainable society. Two upgrading approaches for cleaned biogas can be considered: (1) direct H₂ injection for catalytic CO₂ methanation and (2) CO₂ separation from biogas. The first approach usually employs electrolysis technologies to generate hydrogen and increases the biogas production rate; while the second one usually applies commercially-available highly-selective membrane technologies to efficiently extract CO₂ from the biogas with the latter being then sent afterward for compression and storage for further use. A straightforward way of utilizing the captured CO₂ is on-site catalytic CO₂ methanation. From the perspective of system complexity, the second approach may be questioned, since it introduces an additional expensive membrane component for producing the same amount of methane. However, given the circumstance that the sustainability of the produced biogas should be retained after biogas upgrading, renewable electricity should be supplied to drive the electrolyzer. Therefore, considering the intermittent nature and seasonal variation of renewable electricity supply, the second approach offers high operational flexibility. This indicates that these two approaches should be compared based on the availability and scale of the local renewable power supply and not only the technical systems themselves. Solid-oxide electrolysis generally offers high overall system efficiency, and more importantly, it can achieve simultaneous electrolysis of CO₂ and H₂O (namely, co-electrolysis), which may bring significant benefits for the case of CO₂ separation from the produced biogas. When taking co-electrolysis into account, two additional upgrading approaches can be proposed: (1) direct steam injection into the biogas with the mixture going through the SOE, and (2) CO₂ separation from biogas which can be used later for co-electrolysis. The case study of integrating SOE to a wastewater treatment plant is investigated with wind power as the renewable power. The dynamic production of biogas is provided on an hourly basis with the corresponding oxygen and heating requirements. All four approaches mentioned above are investigated and compared thermo-economically: (a) steam-electrolysis with grid power, as the base case for steam electrolysis, (b) CO₂ separation and co-electrolysis with grid power, as the base case for co-electrolysis, (c) steam-electrolysis and CO₂ separation (and storage) with wind power, and (d) co-electrolysis and CO₂ separation (and storage) with wind power. The influence of the scale of wind power supply is investigated by a sensitivity analysis. The results derived provide general understanding on the economic competitiveness of SOE for sustainable biogas upgrading, thus assisting the decision making for biogas production sites. The research leading to the presented work is funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 under grant agreements n° 699892 (ECo, topic H2020-JTI-FCH-2015-1) and SCCER BIOSWEET. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas%20upgrading" title="biogas upgrading">biogas upgrading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid-oxide%20electrolyzer" title=" solid-oxide electrolyzer"> solid-oxide electrolyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-electrolysis" title=" co-electrolysis"> co-electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20utilization" title=" CO₂ utilization"> CO₂ utilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title=" energy storage"> energy storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81477/thermo-economic-evaluation-of-sustainable-biogas-upgrading-via-solid-oxide-electrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">931</span> X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization of the Surface Layer on Inconel 625 after Exposition in Molten Salt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Kudrnova">Marie Kudrnova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Petru"> Jana Petru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is part of the international research - Materials for Molten Salt Reactors (MSR) and addresses the part of the project dealing with the corrosion behavior of candidate construction materials. Inconel 625 was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after high–temperature experiment in molten salt. The experiment was performed in a horizontal tube furnace molten salt reactor, at 450 °C in argon, at atmospheric pressure, for 150 hours. Industrially produced HITEC salt was used (NaNO3, KNO3, NaNO2). The XPS study was carried out using the ESCAProbe P apparatus (Omicron Nanotechnology Ltd.) equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα (1486.6 eV) X-ray source. The surface layer on alloy 625 after exposure contains only Na, C, O, and Ni (as NiOx) and Nb (as NbOx BE 206.8 eV). Ni was detected in the metallic state (Ni0 – Ni 2p BE-852.7 eV, NiOx - Ni 2p BE-854.7 eV) after a short Ar sputtering because the oxide layer on the surface was very thin. Nickel oxides can form a protective layer in the molten salt, but only future long-term exposures can determine the suitability of Inconel 625 for MSR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inconel%20625" title="Inconel 625">Inconel 625</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molten%20salt" title=" molten salt"> molten salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxide%20layer" title=" oxide layer"> oxide layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XPS" title=" XPS"> XPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131354/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-characterization-of-the-surface-layer-on-inconel-625-after-exposition-in-molten-salt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">930</span> Improving Fused Deposition Modeling Efficiency: A Parameter Optimization Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wadea%20Ameen">Wadea Ameen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid prototyping (RP) technology, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), is gaining popularity because it can produce functioning components with intricate geometric patterns in a reasonable amount of time. A multitude of process variables influences the quality of manufactured parts. In this study, four important process parameters such as layer thickness, model interior fill style, support fill style and orientation are considered. Their influence on three responses, such as build time, model material, and support material, is studied. Experiments are conducted based on factorial design, and the results are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title="fused deposition modeling">fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factorial%20design" title=" factorial design"> factorial design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title=" 3D printing"> 3D printing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191939/improving-fused-deposition-modeling-efficiency-a-parameter-optimization-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">929</span> Development of a Process to Manufacture High Quality Refined Salt from Crude Solar Salt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rathnayaka%20D.%20D.%20T.">Rathnayaka D. D. T. </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidanage%20P.%20W."> Vidanage P. W. </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasalathilake%20K.%20C."> Wasalathilake K. C. </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wickramasingha%20H.%20W."> Wickramasingha H. W. </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wijayarathne%20U.%20P.%20L."> Wijayarathne U. P. L. </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perera%20S.%20A.%20S."> Perera S. A. S. </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the research carried out to develop a process to increase the NaCl percentage of crude salt which is obtained from the conventional solar evaporation process. In this study refined salt was produced from crude solar salt by a chemico-physical method which consists of coagulation, precipitation and filtration. Initially crude salt crystals were crushed and dissolved in water. Optimum amounts of calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) were added to the solution respectively. Refined NaCl solution was separated out by a filtration process. The solution was tested for Total Suspended Solids, SO42-, Mg2+, Ca2+. With optimum dosage of reagents, the results showed that a level of 99.60% NaCl could be achieved. Further this paper discusses the economic viability of the proposed process. A 83% profit margin can be achieved by this process and it is an increase of 112.3% compared to the traditional process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemico-physical" title="chemico-physical">chemico-physical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic" title=" economic"> economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum" title=" optimum"> optimum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refined" title=" refined"> refined</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20salt" title=" solar salt"> solar salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3889/development-of-a-process-to-manufacture-high-quality-refined-salt-from-crude-solar-salt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">928</span> Development of the Manufacturing Process of Low Salt-Fermented Soy Sauce</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Ran%20Song">Young-Ran Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byeong-Uk%20Lim"> Byeong-Uk Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Ho%20Baik"> Sang-Ho Baik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was initiated in order to develop a method for soy sauce fermentation at low salt concentrations without decreasing quality. Soy sauce was fermented with the fermentation starter (meju) and different salt contents (8-14%, w/v) by inoculating two strains or not, in which Torulaspora delbrueckii and Pichia guilliermondii strains having different abilities to induce sterilizing effects or enhance flavor production were used. As the results, there were microbial and biochemical differences among prepared soy sauce. First, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp. in addition to Bacillus genus that is the most important bacteria in Korean fermented soy product were detected by salt reduction. However, application of yeast starters can inhibit the undesirable bacterial growth. Moreover, PCA bi-plots of major principal components on various biochemical parameters (final pH, total acidity, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, ethanol and 32 volatile flavor compounds) were drawn to demonstrate the physicochemical differences and similarities among the samples. It was confirmed that the soy sauce samples produced with different salt concentrations were clearly different since salt reduction induced low contents of acids, alcohols and esters with higher acidity. However despite low salt concentration, combining two different yeasts appeared to have similar characteristics to the high salt-fermented soy sauce with elevated concentrations of ethanol, some alcohols, and most ketones, hence resulted in a balance of more complex and richer flavors with a flavor profile pattern identical to that of high-salt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soy%20sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20salt" title=" low salt"> low salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast." title=" yeast."> yeast.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41059/development-of-the-manufacturing-process-of-low-salt-fermented-soy-sauce" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">927</span> Relationship Salt Sensitivity and с825т Polymorphism of gnb3 Gene in Patients with Essential Hypertension </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandr%20Nagay">Aleksandr Nagay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulnoz%20Khamidullayeva"> Gulnoz Khamidullayeva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is known that an unbalanced intake of salt (NaCI), lifestyle and genetic predisposition to pathology is a key component of the risk and the development of essential hypertension (EH). Purpose: To study the relationship between salt-sensitivity and blood pressure (BP) on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, depending on the C825T polymorphism of GNB3 in individuals of Uzbek nationality with EH. Method: studied 148 healthy and 148 patients with EH with I-II degree (WHO/ISH, 2003) with disease duration 6,5±1,3 years. Investigation of the gene GNB3 was produced by PCR-RFLP method. Determination of salt-sensitivity was performed by the method of R. Henkin. Results: For a comparative analysis of BP, the groups with carriage of CТ and TT genotypes were combined. The analysis showed that carriers of CC genotype and low salt-sensitivity were determined by higher levels of SBP compared with carriers of CT and TT genotypes, and low salt-sensitivity of SBP: 166,2±4,3 against 158,2±9,1 mm Hg (p=0,000). A similar analysis on the values of DBP also showed significantly higher values of blood pressure in carriers of CC genotype DBP: 105,8±10,6 vs. 100,5±7,2 mm Hg, respectively (p=0,001). The average values of SBP and DBP in groups with carriers of CC genotype at medium or high salt-sensitivity in comparison with carriers of CT or TT genotype did not differ statistically SBP: 165,0±0,1 vs. 160,0±8,6 mm Hg (p=0,275) and DBP: 100,1±0,1 vs. 101,6±7,6 mm Hg (p=0,687), respectively. Conclusion: It is revealed that in patients with EH CC genotype of the gene GNB3 given salt-sensitivity has a negative effect on blood pressure profile. Since patients with EH with the CC genotype of GNB3 gene with low-salt taste sensitivity is determined by a higher level of blood pressure, both on SBP and DBP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20sensitivity" title="salt sensitivity">salt sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20hypertension%20EH" title=" essential hypertension EH"> essential hypertension EH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure%20BP" title=" blood pressure BP"> blood pressure BP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20predisposition" title=" genetic predisposition"> genetic predisposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59953/relationship-salt-sensitivity-and-s825t-polymorphism-of-gnb3-gene-in-patients-with-essential-hypertension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">926</span> A Novel Gene Encoding Ankyrin-Repeat Protein, SHG1, Is Indispensable for Seed Germination under Moderate Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sakamoto">H. Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Tochimoto"> J. Tochimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kurosawa"> S. Kurosawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Suzuki"> M. Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Oguri"> S. Oguri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salt stress adversely affects plant growth at various stages of development including seed germination, seedling establishment, vegetative growth and finally reproduction. Because of their immobile nature, plants have evolved mechanisms to sense and respond to salt stress. Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that enables seed germination to coincide with favorable environmental conditions. We identified a novel locus of Arabidopsis, designated SHG1 (salt hypersensitive germination 1), whose disruption leads to reduced germination rate under moderate salt stress conditions. SHG1 encodes a transmembrane protein with an ankyrin repeat motif that has been implicated in diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction. The SGH1-disrupted Arabidopsis mutant died at the cotyledon stage when sown on salt-containing medium, although wild type plants could form true leaves under the same conditions. On the other hand, this mutant showed similar phenotypes to wild type plants when sown on medium without salt and transferred to salt-containing medium at the vegetative stage. These results suggested that SHG1 played indispensable role in the seed germination and seedling establishment under moderate salt stress conditions. SHG1 may be involved in the release of seed dormancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title="germination">germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankyrin%20repeat" title=" ankyrin repeat"> ankyrin repeat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arabidopsis" title=" arabidopsis"> arabidopsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20tolerance" title=" salt tolerance"> salt tolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7011/a-novel-gene-encoding-ankyrin-repeat-protein-shg1-is-indispensable-for-seed-germination-under-moderate-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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