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<li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macedonian_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macedonian_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Macedonian rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macedonian_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conquest_by_the_Romans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conquest_by_the_Romans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Conquest by the Romans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conquest_by_the_Romans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revival_in_Late_Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revival_in_Late_Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Revival in Late Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revival_in_Late_Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_decline_of_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_decline_of_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Final decline of the city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_decline_of_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Archaeology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Tomb_of_Amphipolis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Tomb_of_Amphipolis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Tomb of Amphipolis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Tomb_of_Amphipolis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_city_walls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_city_walls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The city walls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_city_walls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_ancient_wooden_bridge_of_Amphipolis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_ancient_wooden_bridge_of_Amphipolis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The ancient wooden bridge of Amphipolis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_ancient_wooden_bridge_of_Amphipolis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Gymnasium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Gymnasium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>The Gymnasium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Gymnasium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amphipolitans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amphipolitans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Amphipolitans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amphipolitans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphipolis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Амфиполис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Амфиполис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amf%C3%ADpolis" title="Amfípolis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amfípolis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amf%C3%ADpoli" title="Amfípoli – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amfípoli" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipoli" title="Amfipoli – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amfipoli" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amphipolis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amphipolis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Αμφίπολη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμφίπολη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anf%C3%ADpolis" title="Anfípolis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anfípolis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="آمفیپولیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمفیپولیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amphipolis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%94%ED%94%BC%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="암피폴리스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="암피폴리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipol" title="Amfipol – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amfipol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfipoli" title="Anfipoli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anfipoli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1" title="אמפיפוליס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמפיפוליס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ამფიპოლისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამფიპოლისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipoli" title="Amfipoli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amfipoli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amphipolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipole" title="Amfipole – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amfipole" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphipolisz" title="Amphipolisz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amphipolisz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Амфипол – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Амфипол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amphipolis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="アンフィポリス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンフィポリス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amf%C3%ADpoli" title="Amfípoli – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amfípoli" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anf%C3%ADpolis" title="Anfípolis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anfípolis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Амфиполь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амфиполь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99" title="Амфипољ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амфипољ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆம்ப்பிபோலிஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆம்ப்பிபோலிஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81" title="Амфіполіс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амфіполіс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%81%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B3" title="امفپلس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امفپلس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipoli" title="Amfipoli – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amfipoli" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfipolis" title="Amfipolis – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Amfipolis" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%8F%B2%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="安菲波利斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安菲波利斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217414#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amphipolis&params=40_49_6_N_23_50_24_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°49′6″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°50′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.81833°N 23.84000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.81833; 23.84000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archeological site in Macedonia, Greece</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the municipality, see <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis_(municipality)" title="Amphipolis (municipality)">Amphipolis (municipality)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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/></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7" class="extiw" title="el:Αμφίπολη">the corresponding article</a> in Greek</b>.  <i><small>(June 2024)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Greek Wikipedia article at [[:el:Αμφίπολη]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|el|Αμφίπολη}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Amphipolis" title="Talk:Amphipolis">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Amphipolis</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Ἀμφίπολις<br />Αμφίπολη</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kasta_tumulus_and_Lion_of_Amphipolis_location_map_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Kasta_tumulus_and_Lion_of_Amphipolis_location_map_en.jpg/220px-Kasta_tumulus_and_Lion_of_Amphipolis_location_map_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Kasta_tumulus_and_Lion_of_Amphipolis_location_map_en.jpg/330px-Kasta_tumulus_and_Lion_of_Amphipolis_location_map_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Kasta_tumulus_and_Lion_of_Amphipolis_location_map_en.jpg/440px-Kasta_tumulus_and_Lion_of_Amphipolis_location_map_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="761" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Amphipolis sites</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greece_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amphipolis is located in Greece"><img alt="Amphipolis is located in Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.969%;left:43.889%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Amphipolis"><img alt="Amphipolis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Greece</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">Macedonia</a>, Greece</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Amphipolis&params=40_49_6_N_23_50_24_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°49′6″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°50′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.81833°N 23.84000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.81833; 23.84000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Settlement</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_Amphipolis-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Plan_Amphipolis-en.svg/220px-Plan_Amphipolis-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Plan_Amphipolis-en.svg/330px-Plan_Amphipolis-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Plan_Amphipolis-en.svg/440px-Plan_Amphipolis-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Map of Amphipolis</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Amphipolis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Αμφίπολη</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Amfipoli</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀμφίπολις</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Amphipolis</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an important <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis (city)</a>, and later a Roman city, whose large remains can still be seen. It gave its name to the modern municipality of <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis_(municipality)" title="Amphipolis (municipality)">Amphipoli</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Serres_(regional_unit)" title="Serres (regional unit)">Serres regional unit</a> of northern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kallikratis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kallikratis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amphipolis was originally a <a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Athenians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Athenians">ancient Athenians</a> and was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amphipolis" title="Battle of Amphipolis">battle</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Spartans" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartans">Spartans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athenians" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenians">Athenians</a> in 422 BC. It was later the place where <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> prepared for campaigns leading to his invasion of Asia in 335 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander's three finest admirals, <a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Androsthenes_of_Thasos" title="Androsthenes of Thasos">Androsthenes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laomedon_of_Mytilene" title="Laomedon of Mytilene">Laomedon</a>, resided in Amphipolis. After Alexander's death,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his wife <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a> and their son <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a> were imprisoned and murdered there in 311 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excavations in and around the city have revealed important buildings, ancient walls and tombs. The finds are displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis_Archaeological_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphipolis Archaeological Museum">archaeological museum of Amphipolis</a>. At the nearby vast <a href="/wiki/Kasta_Tomb" title="Kasta Tomb">Kasta burial mound</a>, an ancient Macedonian tomb has recently been revealed. The <a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Amphipolis" title="Lion of Amphipolis">Lion of Amphipolis</a> monument nearby is a popular destination for visitors. </p><p>It was located within the region of <a href="/wiki/Edonis_(region)" title="Edonis (region)">Edonis</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_ossuary_and_gold_crown_of_Brasidas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Silver_ossuary_and_gold_crown_of_Brasidas.jpg/220px-Silver_ossuary_and_gold_crown_of_Brasidas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Silver_ossuary_and_gold_crown_of_Brasidas.jpg/330px-Silver_ossuary_and_gold_crown_of_Brasidas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Silver_ossuary_and_gold_crown_of_Brasidas.jpg/440px-Silver_ossuary_and_gold_crown_of_Brasidas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1903" /></a><figcaption>Silver ossuary and gold crown of <a href="/wiki/Brasidas" title="Brasidas">Brasidas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the 5th century BC, <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a> sought to consolidate its control over <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>, which was strategically important because of its raw materials (the gold and silver of the <a href="/wiki/Pangaion_hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangaion hills">Pangaion hills</a> and the dense forests that provided timber for naval construction), and the sea routes vital for Athens' supply of grain from <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a>. A first unsuccessful attempt at colonisation was in 497 BC by the <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Milesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">Tyrant</a> <a href="/wiki/Histiaeus" title="Histiaeus">Histiaeus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After the defeat of the Persians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marathon" title="Battle of Marathon">Battle of Marathon</a> in 490 BC, the Athenian general <a href="/wiki/Kimon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimon">Kimon</a> managed to occupy <a href="/wiki/Eion" title="Eion">Eion</a> a few km south on the coast in 476 BC, and turned it into a military base and commercial port.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Athenians founded a first colony at <i>Ennea-Hodoi</i> (‘Nine Ways’) in 465 BC, but the first ten thousand colonists were massacred by the <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second attempt took place in 437 BC on the same site under general <a href="/wiki/Hagnon,_son_of_Nikias" title="Hagnon, son of Nikias">Hagnon</a> which was successful. The city and its first impressive and elaborately built walls of 7.5 km length date from this time. The new Athenian colony became quickly of considerable size and wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new settlement took the name of Amphipolis (literally, "around the city"), a name which is the subject of much debate about its <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a>. Thucydides claims the name comes from the fact that the <a href="/wiki/Strymon_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Strymon River">Strymon River</a> flows "around the city" on two sides; however a note in the <i><a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a></i> (also given in the lexicon of <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Photios_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople">Photius</a>) offers a different explanation apparently given by <a href="/wiki/Marsyas" title="Marsyas">Marsyas</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Periander" title="Periander">Periander</a>: that a large proportion of the population lived "around the city". However, a more probable explanation is the one given by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Pollux" title="Julius Pollux">Julius Pollux</a>: that the name indicates the vicinity of an <a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">isthmus</a>. </p><p>Amphipolis quickly became the main power base of the Athenians in Thrace and, consequently, a target of choice for their <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> adversaries. In 424 BC during the Peloponnesian War the Spartan general <a href="/wiki/Brasidas" title="Brasidas">Brasidas</a> captured Amphipolis. </p><p>Two years later in 422 BC, a new Athenian force under the general <a href="/wiki/Cleon" title="Cleon">Cleon</a> failed once more during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amphipolis" title="Battle of Amphipolis">Battle of Amphipolis</a> at which both Kleon and Brasidas lost their lives. Brasidas survived long enough to hear of the defeat of the Athenians and was buried at Amphipolis with impressive pomp. From then on he was regarded as the founder of the city<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and honoured with yearly games and sacrifices. </p><p>The Athenian population remained very much in the minority in the city and hence Amphipolis remained an independent city and an ally of the Athenians, rather than a colony or member of the Athens-led <a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a>. It entered a new phase of prosperity as a cosmopolitan centre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macedonian_rule">Macedonian rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Macedonian rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphipolis_Lion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Amphipolis_Lion.jpg/220px-Amphipolis_Lion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Amphipolis_Lion.jpg/330px-Amphipolis_Lion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Amphipolis_Lion.jpg/440px-Amphipolis_Lion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Lion of Amphipolis</figcaption></figure> <p>The city itself kept its independence until the reign of king <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 359 – 336 BC</span>) despite several Athenian attacks, notably because of the government of <a href="/wiki/Callistratus_of_Aphidnae" title="Callistratus of Aphidnae">Callistratus of Aphidnae</a>. In 357 BC, Philip succeeded where the Athenians had failed and conquered the city, thereby removing the obstacle which Amphipolis presented to Macedonian control over Thrace. According to the historian <a href="/wiki/Theopompus" title="Theopompus">Theopompus</a>, this conquest came to be the object of a secret accord between Athens and Philip II, who would return the city in exchange for the fortified town of <a href="/wiki/Pydna" title="Pydna">Pydna</a>, but the Macedonian king betrayed the accord, refusing to cede Amphipolis and laying siege to Pydna as well.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city was not immediately incorporated into the Macedonian kingdom, and for some time preserved its institutions and a certain degree of autonomy. The border of Macedonia was not moved further east; however, Philip sent a number of Macedonian governors to Amphipolis, and in many respects the city was effectively "Macedonianized". Nomenclature, the calendar and the currency (the <a href="/wiki/Stater" title="Stater">gold stater</a>, created by Philip to capitalise on the gold reserves of the Pangaion hills, replaced the Amphipolitan <a href="/wiki/Ancient_drachma" title="Ancient drachma">drachma</a>) were all replaced by Macedonian equivalents. In the reign of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, Amphipolis was an important naval base, and the birthplace of three of the most famous Macedonian admirals: <a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a>, Androsthenes<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Laomedon_of_Mytilene" title="Laomedon of Mytilene">Laomedon</a>, whose burial place is most likely marked by the famous lion of Amphipolis. </p><p>The importance of the city in this period is shown by Alexander the Great's decision that it was one of the six cities at which large luxurious temples costing 1,500 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talent_(coin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talent (coin) (page does not exist)">talents</a> were built. Alexander prepared for campaigns here against Thrace in 335 BC and his army and fleet assembled near the port before the invasion of Asia. The port was also used as naval base during his campaigns in Asia. After Alexander's death, his wife <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a> and their young son Alexander IV were exiled by <a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a> and later murdered here.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout Macedonian sovereignty Amphipolis was a strong fortress of great strategic and economic importance, as shown by inscriptions. Amphipolis became one of the main stops on the Macedonian royal road (as testified by a border stone found between <a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a> and Amphipolis giving the distance to the latter), and later on the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Egnatia" title="Via Egnatia">Via Egnatia</a></i>, the principal <a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roman road</a> which crossed the southern Balkans. Apart from the ramparts of the lower town, the <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)" title="Gymnasium (ancient Greece)">gymnasium</a> and a set of well-preserved frescoes from a wealthy villa are the only artifacts from this period that remain visible. Though little is known of the layout of the town, modern knowledge of its institutions is in considerably better shape thanks to a rich epigraphic documentation, including a military ordinance of <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Macedon" title="Philip V of Macedon">Philip V</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Ephebos" title="Ephebos">ephebarchic</a> law from the gymnasium.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conquest_by_the_Romans">Conquest by the Romans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conquest by the Romans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the final victory of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Rome</a> over Macedonia in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pydna" title="Battle of Pydna">Battle of Pydna</a> in 168 BC, Amphipolis became the capital of one of the four mini-republics, or <i>merides</i>, which were created by the Romans out of the kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Antigonid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigonid Dynasty">Antigonids</a> which <a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">succeeded</a> Alexander's empire in Macedon. These <i>merides</i> were gradually incorporated into the Roman client state, and later province, of <a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Thracia</a>. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a></i>, the apostles <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silas</a> passed through Amphipolis in the early AD 50s, on their <a href="/wiki/Missionary_journeys_of_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionary journeys of Paul">journey</a> between <a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a>; where hence they proselytized to the Greeks, including <i lang="ang"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aporetic#Old_English" class="extiw" title="wikt:aporetic">aporetic</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Epicurean" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicurean">Epicurean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoic</a> philosophers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1st c. BC the city was badly damaged in the <a href="/wiki/Thracian_kingdom_(Roman_vassal_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracian kingdom (Roman vassal state)">Thracian revolt</a> against Roman rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revival_in_Late_Antiquity">Revival in Late Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revival in Late Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_and_neighbourhood_of_Amphipolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Plan_and_neighbourhood_of_Amphipolis.jpg/220px-Plan_and_neighbourhood_of_Amphipolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Plan_and_neighbourhood_of_Amphipolis.jpg/330px-Plan_and_neighbourhood_of_Amphipolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Plan_and_neighbourhood_of_Amphipolis.jpg/440px-Plan_and_neighbourhood_of_Amphipolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption>Plan and neighbourhood of Amphipolis.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the period of <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>, Amphipolis benefited from the increasing economic prosperity of Macedonia, as is evidenced by the large number of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian churches</a> that were built. Significantly however, these churches were built within a restricted area of the town, sheltered by the walls of the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">acropolis</a>. This has been taken as evidence that the large fortified perimeter of the ancient town was no longer defendable, and that the population of the city had considerably diminished. </p><p>Nevertheless, the number, size and quality of the churches constructed between the 5th and 6th centuries are impressive. Four <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilicas</a> adorned with rich <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> floors and elaborate architectural sculptures (such as the ram-headed <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">column</a> capitals – see picture) have been excavated, as well as a church with a hexagonal central plan which evokes that of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale" title="Basilica of San Vitale">basilica</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vitalis_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vitalis of Milan">St Vitalis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>. It is difficult to find reasons for such municipal extravagance in such a small town. One possible explanation provided by the historian <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Boulanger" title="André Boulanger">André Boulanger</a> is that an increasing ‘willingness’ on the part of the wealthy upper classes in the late Roman period to spend money on local <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a> projects (which he terms <i><a href="/wiki/Euergetism" title="Euergetism">euergetism</a></i>, from the Greek verb <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">εὐεργετέω</span></span>; meaning 'I do good') was exploited by the local church to its advantage, which led to a mass gentrification of the urban centre and of the agricultural riches of the city's territory. Amphipolis was also a <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_see" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan see">metropolitan see</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a> – the Bishop of Amphipolis is first mentioned in 533. The bishopric is today listed by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular see</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_decline_of_the_city">Final decline of the city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Final decline of the city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs#Population" title="South Slavs">Slavic invasions</a> of the late 6th century gradually encroached on the back-country Amphipolitan lifestyle and led to the decline of the town, during which period its inhabitants retreated to the area around the acropolis. The ramparts were maintained to a certain extent, thanks to materials plundered from the monuments of the lower city, and the large unused cisterns of the upper city were occupied by small houses and the workshops of artisans. Around the middle of the 7th century, a further reduction of the inhabited area of the city was followed by an increase in the fortification of the town, with the construction of a new rampart with pentagonal towers cutting through the middle of the remaining monuments. The acropolis, the <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">Roman baths</a>, and especially the episcopal basilica were crossed by this wall. </p><p>The city was probably abandoned in the eighth century, as the last bishop was attested at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a> in 787. Its inhabitants probably moved to the neighbouring site of ancient Eion, port of Amphipolis, which had been rebuilt and refortified in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine period</a> under the name “<a href="/wiki/Chrysopolis_(Thrace)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysopolis (Thrace)">Chrysopolis</a>”. This small port continued to enjoy some prosperity, before being abandoned during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman period</a>. The last recorded sign of activity in the region of Amphipolis was the construction of a fortified tower to the north in 1367 by the <i><a href="/wiki/Megas_primikerios" class="mw-redirect" title="Megas primikerios">megas primikerios</a></i> John and the <i><a href="/wiki/Stratopedarches" title="Stratopedarches">stratopedarches</a></i> Alexios to protect the land that they had given to the <a href="/wiki/Pantokratoros_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantokratoros monastery">monastery of Pantokrator</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphipolis_frescoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Amphipolis_frescoes.jpg/220px-Amphipolis_frescoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Amphipolis_frescoes.jpg/330px-Amphipolis_frescoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Amphipolis_frescoes.jpg/440px-Amphipolis_frescoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">Fresco</a> from a house (Hellenistic period).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Amphipolis" title="Lion of Amphipolis">Lion of Amphipolis</a></div> <p>The site was discovered and described by many travellers and archaeologists during the 19th century, including E. Cousinéry (1831) (engraver), <a href="/wiki/Leon_Heuzey" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Heuzey">Leon Heuzey</a> (1861), and P. Perdrizet (1894–1899). However, excavations did not truly begin until after the Second World War. The <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Society_of_Athens" title="Archaeological Society of Athens">Greek Archaeological Society</a> under D. Lazaridis excavated in 1972 and 1985, uncovering a necropolis, the city wall (see photograph), the basilicas, and the acropolis. Further excavations have since uncovered the river bridge, the gymnasium, Greek and Roman villas and numerous tombs etc. </p><p>Parts of the lion monument and tombs were discovered during World War I by Bulgarian and British troops whilst digging trenches in the area. In 1934, M. Feyel, of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_fran%C3%A7aise_d%27Ath%C3%A8nes" class="mw-redirect" title="École française d'Athènes">École française d'Athènes</a> (EfA), led an <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">epigraphical mission</a> to the site and uncovered further remains of the lion monument (a reconstruction was given in the <i>Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique</i>, a publication of the EfA which is available on line).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The silver ossuary containing the cremated remains of <a href="/wiki/Brasidas" title="Brasidas">Brasidas</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a gold crown (see image) was found in a tomb in pride of place under the Agora. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Tomb_of_Amphipolis">The Tomb of Amphipolis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Tomb of Amphipolis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kasta_Tomb" title="Kasta Tomb">Kasta Tomb</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Abduction_of_Persephone_by_Pluto,_Amphipolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Abduction_of_Persephone_by_Pluto%2C_Amphipolis.jpg/220px-The_Abduction_of_Persephone_by_Pluto%2C_Amphipolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Abduction_of_Persephone_by_Pluto%2C_Amphipolis.jpg/330px-The_Abduction_of_Persephone_by_Pluto%2C_Amphipolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Abduction_of_Persephone_by_Pluto%2C_Amphipolis.jpg/440px-The_Abduction_of_Persephone_by_Pluto%2C_Amphipolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> depicting the allegory of the abduction of <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a>, 4th century BC</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2012<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph_1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greek archaeologists unearthed a large tomb within the <a href="/wiki/Kasta_Tomb" title="Kasta Tomb">Kasta Hill</a>, the biggest burial mound in Greece, northeast of Amphipolis. The large size and quality of the tumulus indicates the prominence of the burials made there, and its dating and the connections of the city with Alexander the Great suggest important occupants. The perimeter wall of the tumulus is 497 m (544 yd) long, and is made of limestone covered with marble. </p><p>The tomb comprises three chambers separated by walls. There are two <a href="/wiki/Sphinxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphinxes">sphinxes</a> just outside the entrance to the tomb. Two of the columns supporting the roof in the first section are in the form of <a href="/wiki/Caryatid" title="Caryatid">Caryatids</a>, in the 4th century BC style. The excavation revealed a pebble mosaic directly behind the Caryatids and in front of the Macedonian marble door leading to the "third" chamber. The mosaic shows the allegory of the abduction of <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>, but the persons depicted are Philip and Olympias of Macedon. Hades' chariot is drawn by two white horses and led to the underworld by <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>. The mosaic verifies the Macedonian character of the tomb. As the head of one of the sphinxes was found inside the tomb behind the broken door, it is clear that there were intruders, probably in antiquity. </p><p>Fragments of bones from 5 individuals were found in the cist tomb, the most complete of which is a 60+ year old woman in the deepest layer.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katerina_Peristeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katerina Peristeri (page does not exist)">Katerina Peristeri</a>, the archaeologist heading the excavation of the tomb, dates the tomb to the late 4th century BC, the period after the death of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> (323 BC). One theory is that the tomb was built for the mother of Alexander the Great, Olympias.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Restoration of the tomb is due for completion in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the course of which building materials of the grave site which were later used by the Romans elsewhere will be rebuilt in their original location. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphipolis_fortifications.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amphipolis_fortifications.jpg/220px-Amphipolis_fortifications.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amphipolis_fortifications.jpg/330px-Amphipolis_fortifications.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Amphipolis_fortifications.jpg/440px-Amphipolis_fortifications.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>City walls and bridge of Amphipolis</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_city_walls">The city walls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The city walls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphipolis_city_walls_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Amphipolis_city_walls_1.jpg/220px-Amphipolis_city_walls_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Amphipolis_city_walls_1.jpg/330px-Amphipolis_city_walls_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Amphipolis_city_walls_1.jpg/440px-Amphipolis_city_walls_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>city walls</figcaption></figure> <p>The original 7.5 km long walls are generally visible, particularly the northern section which is preserved to a height of 7.5m. 5 preserved gates can be seen and notably the gate in front of the wooden bridge. </p><p>In early Christian times another, inner, wall was built around the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">acropolis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_ancient_wooden_bridge_of_Amphipolis">The ancient wooden bridge of Amphipolis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The ancient wooden bridge of Amphipolis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphipolis,_Pfeiler_der_Holzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Amphipolis%2C_Pfeiler_der_Holzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/200px-Amphipolis%2C_Pfeiler_der_Holzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Amphipolis%2C_Pfeiler_der_Holzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/300px-Amphipolis%2C_Pfeiler_der_Holzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Amphipolis%2C_Pfeiler_der_Holzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/400px-Amphipolis%2C_Pfeiler_der_Holzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Piles of the wooden bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>The ancient bridge that crossed the river Strymon was mentioned by Thucydides,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was strategic as it controlled access between Macedonia and the <a href="/wiki/Chalkidike" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalkidike">Chalkidike</a> in the west to Thrace in the east, and was important for the economy and trade. It was therefore incorporated into the city walls. </p><p>It was discovered in 1977 and is a unique find for Greek antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hundreds of wooden piles have been carbon-dated and show the vast life of the bridge with some piles dating from 760 BC, and others used till about 1800 AD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Gymnasium">The Gymnasium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Gymnasium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xystos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Xystos.jpg/250px-Xystos.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Xystos.jpg/375px-Xystos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Xystos.jpg/500px-Xystos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Xystos</figcaption></figure> <p>This was a major public building for the military and gymnastic training of youth as well as for their artistic and intellectual education. It was built in the 4th c. BC and includes a <a href="/wiki/Palaestra" title="Palaestra">palaestra</a>, the rectangular court surrounded by colonnades with adjoining rooms for many athletic functions. The covered <a href="/wiki/Stoa" title="Stoa">stoa</a> or <a href="/wiki/Xystos" class="mw-redirect" title="Xystos">xystos</a> for indoor training in inclement weather is a long portico 75m long and 7m wide to allow 6 runners to compete simultaneously. There was also a parallel outdoor track, <i>paradromida</i>, for training in good weather and a system of cisterns for water supply. </p><p>During the Macedonian era it became a major institution. </p><p>The stone <a href="/wiki/Stela" class="mw-redirect" title="Stela">stela</a> bearing the rules of the gymnasium was found in the north wing, detailing the duties and powers of the master and the education of the athletes. </p><p>After it was destroyed in the 1st c. BC in the Thracian rebellion against Roman rule, it was rebuilt in <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>'s time in the 1st c. AD along with the rest of the city. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amphipolis" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amphipolitans">Amphipolitans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Amphipolitans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_of_Amphipolis" title="Demetrius of Amphipolis">Demetrius of Amphipolis</a>, student of Plato</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoilus" title="Zoilus">Zoilus</a> (400–320 BC), grammarian, cynic philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphilus_(painter)" title="Pamphilus (painter)">Pamphilus (painter)</a>, head of <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyonian</a> school and teacher of <a href="/wiki/Apelles" title="Apelles">Apelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetion" title="Aetion">Aetion</a>, sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_of_Amphipolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippus of Amphipolis">Philippus of Amphipolis</a>, historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a>, admiral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erigyius" title="Erigyius">Erigyius</a>, general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damasias_of_Amphipolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Damasias of Amphipolis">Damasias of Amphipolis</a> 320 BC <a href="/wiki/Stadion_(running_race)" title="Stadion (running race)">Stadion</a> Olympics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermagoras_of_Amphipolis" title="Hermagoras of Amphipolis">Hermagoras of Amphipolis</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 225 BC</span>), stoic philosopher, follower of <a href="/wiki/Persaeus" title="Persaeus">Persaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollodorus_of_Amphipolis" title="Apollodorus of Amphipolis">Apollodorus of Amphipolis</a>, appointed joint military governor of Babylon and the other satrapies as far as Cilicia by Alexander the Great<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xena" title="Xena">Xena</a> - In the television series Xena Warrior Princess, Amphipolis is the main character's home village.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Amphipolis" title="Archaeological Museum of Amphipolis">Archaeological Museum of Amphipolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_cities" title="List of ancient Greek cities">List of ancient Greek cities</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1191935&fid=2168&c=greece">"Amfípolis: Greece, name, administrative division, geographic coordinates and map"</a>. <i>Geographical Names</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Names&rft.atitle=Amf%C3%ADpolis%3A+Greece%2C+name%2C+administrative+division%2C+geographic+coordinates+and+map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographic.org%2Fgeographic_names%2Fname.php%3Funi%3D-1191935%26fid%3D2168%26c%3Dgreece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphipolis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kallikratis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kallikratis_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL8-SrPzKAEPjjtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6hq6ZkZV96FIukI0UzcPsWCK0LpLhpa7rhiWB4R5ntTnoWw7U8E1Amg.">"ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text"</a> (in Greek). <a href="/wiki/Government_Gazette_(Greece)" title="Government Gazette (Greece)">Government Gazette</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A+A+87%2F2010%2C+Kallikratis+reform+law+text&rft.pub=Government+Gazette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.et.gr%2Fidocs-nph%2Fsearch%2FpdfViewerForm.html%3Fargs%3D5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL8-SrPzKAEPjjtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6hq6ZkZV96FIukI0UzcPsWCK0LpLhpa7rhiWB4R5ntTnoWw7U8E1Amg.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphipolis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Amphipolis", Ministry of Culture: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-214-126-3" title="Special:BookSources/960-214-126-3">960-214-126-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadian" class="citation web cs1">Badian, Ernst. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/">"Rhoxane ii Alexander's Wife"</a>. <i>iranicaonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=Rhoxane+ii+Alexander%27s+Wife&rft.aulast=Badian&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphipolis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThirlwall1840" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Connop_Thirlwall" title="Connop Thirlwall">Thirlwall, Connop</a> (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tUwbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT52"><i>A History of Greece</i></a>. Longmans. pp. 318–319.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Greece&rft.pages=318-319&rft.pub=Longmans&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Thirlwall&rft.aufirst=Connop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtUwbAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPT52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphipolis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herodotus VII.107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thucydides IV.102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thucydides I, 100, 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lazaridis D. La cité grecque d’Amphipolis et son système de défense. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. p 194–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koukouli-Chrysanthaki Ch., "Excavating Classical Amphipoli", In (eds) Stamatopoulou M., and M., Yeroulanou <Excavating Classical Culture>, BAR International Series 1031, 2002:57-73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agelarakis A., “Physical anthropological report on the cremated human remains of an individual retrieved from the Amphipolis agora”, In “Excavating Classical Amphipolis” by Koukouli-Chrysantkai Ch., <Excavating Classical Culture> (eds.) Stamatopoulou M., and M., Yeroulanou, BAR International Series 1031, 2002: 72-73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theopompus, Philippica</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?um=1&q=Androsthenes+Thasos&btnG=Search+Books">"Androsthenes Thasos - Google Search"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Androsthenes+Thasos+-+Google+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fum%3D1%26q%3DAndrosthenes%2BThasos%26btnG%3DSearch%2BBooks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphipolis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diodorus Siculus, Library of History Book XIX, 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://attalus.org/docs/seg/s65_420.html">Ephebarchic Law of Amphipolis</a> - English translation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+17:1&version=nkjv">Acts 17:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2013</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1">978-88-209-9070-1</a>), p. 831</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120604182322/http://cefael.efa.gr/detail.php?site_id=1&actionID=page&prevpos=0&serie_id=BCH&volume_number=59&issue_number=0&startpos=289">Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Agelarakis, “Physical anthropological report on the cremated human remains of an individual retrieved from the Amphipolis agora” in “Excvating Classical Amphipolis” by Ch. Koukouli-Chrysantkai, <Excavating Classical Culture> (eds.) Stamatopoulou M., and M., Yeroulanou, BAR International Series 1031, 2002: 72-73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph_1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Marszal2014" class="citation news cs1">Andrew Marszal (7 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/greece/11080463/Marble-female-figurines-unearthed-in-vast-Alexander-the-Great-era-Greek-tomb.html">"Marble female figurines unearthed in vast Alexander the Great–era Greek tomb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Marble+female+figurines+unearthed+in+vast+Alexander+the+Great%E2%80%93era+Greek+tomb&rft.date=2014-09-07&rft.au=Andrew+Marszal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fgreece%2F11080463%2FMarble-female-figurines-unearthed-in-vast-Alexander-the-Great-era-Greek-tomb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphipolis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28758920">"Greek tomb at Amphipolis is 'important discovery'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 12 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Greek+tomb+at+Amphipolis+is+%27important+discovery%27&rft.date=2014-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-28758920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmphipolis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Identity of the Occupant of the Amphipolis Tomb Beneath the Kasta Mound, Andrew Chugg, 2021, Macedonian Studies Journal, Volume II, Issue 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.academia.edu/80446098/The_Identity_of_the_Occupant_of_the_Amphipolis_Tomb_Beneath_the_Kasta_Mound">https://www.academia.edu/80446098/The_Identity_of_the_Occupant_of_the_Amphipolis_Tomb_Beneath_the_Kasta_Mound</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pilot visits to the Kastas Mound in 2022 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2022/03/21/pilot-visits-to-the-kastas-mound-in-2022/">https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2022/03/21/pilot-visits-to-the-kastas-mound-in-2022/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">History of the Peloponnesian War 4.103.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Y Maniatis, D Malamidou, H Koukouli-Chryssanthaki, Y Facorellis, RADIOCARBON DATING OF THE AMPHIPOLIS BRIDGE IN NORTHERN GREECE, MAINTAINED AND FUNCTIONED FOR 2500 YEARS, RADIOCARBON, Vol 52, Nr 1, 2010, p 41–63, 2010 University of Arizona</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diodorus Siculus Library of History Book XVII</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Amphipolis#Q217414" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Amphipolis" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amphipolis.info/?lang=en">Official site about Amphipolis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/am-ao/amphipolis/amphipolis.html">Livius.org: Amphipolis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160502211908/https://www.livius.org/am-ao/amphipolis/amphipolis.html">Archived</a> 2016-05-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamphipolistomb.com">The tomb of Amphipolis</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217414#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217414#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315170124">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4273369-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh91004366">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12271595c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12271595c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Amfipolis (zaniklé město)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge869203&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534674305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501347">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/03151586X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Macedonia_(Greece)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#cedff2; color: blue; border:1px solid gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_Macedonia" title="Template:Greek Macedonia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: blue">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_Macedonia" title="Template talk:Greek Macedonia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: blue">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_Macedonia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek Macedonia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: blue">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Macedonia_(Greece)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">Macedonia (Greece)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">Ancient Macedonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Macedonians" title="List of ancient Macedonians">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(Greeks)" title="Macedonians (Greeks)">Macedonians (Greeks)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Macedonians_(Greek)" title="List of Macedonians (Greek)">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Thessaloniki" title="History of the Jews in Thessaloniki">Jews of Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia" title="Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia">Slavic speakers</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Bulgarians" title="Macedonian Bulgarians">Macedonian Bulgarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Macedonians">Ethnic Macedonians</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/75px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/113px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg/150px-Vergina_Sun_WIPO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Ancient Macedonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Government of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Macedonia" title="List of kings of Macedonia">Kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Wars of Alexander the Great">Wars of Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">Wars of the Diadochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Roman Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian_invasions" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarian invasions">Barbarian invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(theme)" title="Macedonia (theme)">Theme of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalonica_(theme)" title="Thessalonica (theme)">Theme of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(theme)" title="Strymon (theme)">Theme of Strymon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Thessalonica_(904)" title="Sack of Thessalonica (904)">Sack of Thessalonica (904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_wars" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian wars">Byzantine–Bulgarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Thessalonica_(1185)" title="Sack of Thessalonica (1185)">Sack of Thessalonica (1185)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Empire of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1321%E2%80%931328" title="Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328">Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1341%E2%80%931347" title="Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347">Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealots_of_Thessalonica" title="Zealots of Thessalonica">Zealots of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" title="Byzantine–Ottoman wars">Byzantine–Ottoman wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thessalonica_(1422%E2%80%931430)" title="Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)">Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia Eyalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence#Macedonia" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir Vilayet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Monastir" title="Sanjak of Monastir">Sanjak of Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Serfi%C4%9Fe" title="Sanjak of Serfiğe">Sanjak of Serfiğe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonica_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonica Vilayet">Salonica Vilayet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Drama" title="Sanjak of Drama">Sanjak of Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Salonica" title="Sanjak of Salonica">Sanjak of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Siroz" title="Sanjak of Siroz">Sanjak of Siroz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Struggle" title="Macedonian Struggle">Macedonian Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_front" title="Macedonian front">Macedonian front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_National_Defence" title="Provisional Government of National Defence">Provisional Government of National Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">Macedonia naming dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prespa_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Prespa agreement">Prespa agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace">Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Macedonia" title="Western Macedonia">Western Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Dimitrios_Power_Plant" title="Agios Dimitrios Power Plant">Agios Dimitrios Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyntaio_Power_Plant" title="Amyntaio Power Plant">Amyntaio Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_coal_mine" title="Drama coal mine">Drama coal mine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakini_mine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakini mine (page does not exist)">Gerakini mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympias_mine" title="Olympias mine">Olympias mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piavitsa_mine" title="Piavitsa mine">Piavitsa mine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Kavala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port of Kavala (page does not exist)">Port of Kavala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Thessaloniki" title="Port of Thessaloniki">Port of Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prinos_oil_field" title="Prinos oil field">Prinos oil field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaida-Florina_coal_mine" title="Ptolemaida-Florina coal mine">Ptolemaida-Florina coal mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skouries_mine" title="Skouries mine">Skouries mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratoni_mine" title="Stratoni mine">Stratoni mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_International_Fair" title="Thessaloniki International Fair">Thessaloniki International Fair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Kavala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastoria" title="Kastoria">Kastoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serres" title="Serres">Serres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katerini" title="Katerini">Katerini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edessa,_Greece" title="Edessa, Greece">Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florina" title="Florina">Florina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama,_Greece" title="Drama, Greece">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naousa,_Imathia" title="Naousa, Imathia">Naousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozani" title="Kozani">Kozani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siatista" title="Siatista">Siatista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkis" title="Kilkis">Kilkis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in Greece">Other</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vardar" title="Vardar">Axios River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doiran_Lake" title="Doiran Lake">Doiran Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falakro" title="Falakro">Falakro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallikos_(river)" title="Gallikos (river)">Galikos River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliacmon" title="Haliacmon">Haliacmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kerkini" title="Lake Kerkini">Lake Kerkini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Koroneia" title="Lake Koroneia">Lake Koroneia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Orestiada" title="Lake Orestiada">Lake Orestiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Prespa" title="Lake Prespa">Lake Prespa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Prespa_Lake" title="Small Prespa Lake">Small Prespa Lake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vegoritida" title="Lake Vegoritida">Lake Vegoritida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Volvi" title="Lake Volvi">Lake Volvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Paiko" title="Mount Paiko">Mount Paiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestos_(river)" title="Nestos (river)">Nestos (river)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaion_Hills" title="Pangaion Hills">Pangaion Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindus" title="Pindus">Pindus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pindus_National_Park" title="Pindus National Park">Pindus National Park</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petralona_cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Petralona cave">Petralona cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struma_(river)" title="Struma (river)">Strymon River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasilitsa" title="Vasilitsa">Vasilitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermio_Mountains" title="Vermio Mountains">Vermio Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kato_Vermio" title="Kato Vermio">Seli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verno" title="Verno">Verno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voras_Mountains" title="Voras Mountains">Voras Mountains</a></li> <li><b>Islands</b>: <a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammouliani" title="Ammouliani">Ammouliani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Athanasios,_Thessaloniki" title="Agios Athanasios, Thessaloniki">Agios Athanasios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrion_(Litochoro)" title="Alexandrion (Litochoro)">Alexandrion (Litochoro)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amphipolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Amphipolis" title="Lion of Amphipolis">Lion of Amphipolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasta_Tomb" title="Kasta Tomb">Kasta Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Archaeological_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dion, Archaeological Park">Archaeological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_theatre_of_Dion" title="Hellenistic theatre of Dion">Hellenistic theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieza,_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mieza, Macedonia">Mieza</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Judgement,_Lefkadia" title="Tomb of Judgement, Lefkadia">Tomb of Judgement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Palmettes" title="Tomb of the Palmettes">Tomb of the Palmettes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleochristian_and_Byzantine_monuments_of_Thessaloniki" title="Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki">Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pella" title="Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platamon_Castle" title="Platamon Castle">Platamon Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergina" title="Vergina">Vergina</a></li> <li><i>Museums </i>: <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Amphipolis" title="Archaeological Museum of Amphipolis">Archaeological Museum of Amphipolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aiani_Archaeological_Museum" title="Aiani Archaeological Museum">Aiani Archaeological Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dion,_Archaeological_Museum" title="Dion, Archaeological Museum">Archaeological Museum of Dion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Pella" title="Archaeological Museum of Pella">Archaeological Museum of Pella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Thessaloniki" title="Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki">Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Byzantine_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Byzantine culture">Museum of Byzantine culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background: #cedff2;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vergina_Sun" title="Vergina Sun">Vergina Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Flag of Macedonia (Greece)">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Music of Macedonia (Greece)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine_(Greek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian cuisine (Greek)">Cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background: #cedff2;"><div><b>Greek Macedonia Portal</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Journeys_of_Paul_the_Apostle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Template:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Template talk:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Journeys_of_Paul_the_Apostle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Journeys of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Seleucia_Pieria" title="Seleucia Pieria">Seleucia</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li>3a. <a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis</a></li> <li>3b. <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Perga" title="Perga">Perga</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Antioch_of_Pisidia" title="Antioch of Pisidia">Antioch of Pisidia</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Iconium</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Attalea</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> (returns to beginning of journey)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Troas" title="Alexandria Troas">Alexandria Troas</a>)</li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Neapolis</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a></li> <li>9. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amphipolis</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Mygdonia)" title="Apollonia (Mygdonia)">Apollonia</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a></li> <li>12. <a href="/wiki/Berea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berea (Bible)">Beroea</a></li> <li>13. <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li>14. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Kechries" title="Kechries">Cenchreae</a></li> <li>16. <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li>17. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a></li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a></li> <li>19. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li>20. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Kechries" title="Kechries">Cenchreae</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a> (again)</li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troas</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Assos" title="Assos">Assos</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Mytilene" title="Mytilene">Mytilene</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a></li> <li>12. <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li>13. <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li>14. <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Cos</a></li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li>16. <a href="/wiki/Patara_(Lycia)" title="Patara (Lycia)">Patara</a></li> <li>17. <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Ptolemais</a></li> <li>19. <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a></li> <li>20. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&oldid=1258969538">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amphipolis&oldid=1258969538</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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