Sequence-independent control of peptide conformation in liposomal vaccines for targeting protein misfolding diseases

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="DvDiv4HVJioFZYwj7we27UCcjUxKwjvOhdtnX5NIrJ7dbsfworMLgWpLRdkesS8R"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="DvDiv4HVJioFZYwj7we27UCcjUxKwjvOhdtnX5NIrJ7dbsfworMLgWpLRdkesS8R"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="DvDiv4HVJioFZYwj7we27UCcjUxKwjvOhdtnX5NIrJ7dbsfworMLgWpLRdkesS8R"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="DvDiv4HVJioFZYwj7we27UCcjUxKwjvOhdtnX5NIrJ7dbsfworMLgWpLRdkesS8R"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="21343310"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="The Journal of biological chemistry" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal The Journal of biological chemistry" data-pinger-ignore> J Biol Chem </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal The Journal of biological chemistry"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22J+Biol+Chem%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22J+Biol+Chem%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" 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22. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Sequence-independent control of peptide conformation in liposomal vaccines for targeting protein misfolding diseases </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hickman+DT&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David T Hickman">David T Hickman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="AC Immune SA, PSE-B, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=L%C3%B3pez-Deber+MP&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="María Pilar López-Deber">María Pilar López-Deber</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ndao+DM&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dorin Mlaki Ndao">Dorin Mlaki Ndao</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Silva+AB&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alberto B Silva">Alberto B Silva</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nand+D&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Deepak Nand">Deepak Nand</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pihlgren+M&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" 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href="/?term=Karastaneva+H&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hristina Karastaneva">Hristina Karastaneva</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nagel-Steger+L&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Luitgard Nagel-Steger">Luitgard Nagel-Steger</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Willbold+D&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dieter Willbold">Dieter Willbold</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Riesner+D&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Detlev 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misfolding diseases </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">David T Hickman</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> J Biol Chem<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2011">2011</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/21343310/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" 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Hickman">David T Hickman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="AC Immune SA, PSE-B, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=L%C3%B3pez-Deber+MP&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="María Pilar López-Deber">María Pilar López-Deber</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ndao+DM&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dorin Mlaki Ndao">Dorin Mlaki Ndao</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Silva+AB&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alberto B Silva">Alberto B Silva</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nand+D&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Deepak Nand">Deepak Nand</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pihlgren+M&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Maria Pihlgren">Maria Pihlgren</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Giriens+V&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Valérie Giriens">Valérie Giriens</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Madani+R&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rime Madani">Rime Madani</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=St-Pierre+A&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Annie St-Pierre">Annie St-Pierre</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Karastaneva+H&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hristina Karastaneva">Hristina Karastaneva</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nagel-Steger+L&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Luitgard Nagel-Steger">Luitgard Nagel-Steger</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Willbold+D&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dieter Willbold">Dieter Willbold</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Riesner+D&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Detlev Riesner">Detlev Riesner</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nicolau+C&cauthor_id=21343310" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Claude Nicolau">Claude Nicolau</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Baldus+M&cauthor_id=21343310" 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id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">21343310</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC3077597&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3077597/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC3077597 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1074/jbc.M110.186338&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.186338" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1074/jbc.M110.186338 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div 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options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Synthetic peptide immunogens that mimic the conformation of a target epitope of pathological relevance offer the possibility to precisely control the immune response specificity. Here, we performed conformational analyses using a panel of peptides in order to investigate the key parameters controlling their conformation upon integration into liposomal bilayers. These revealed that the peptide lipidation pattern, the lipid anchor chain length, and the liposome surface charge all significantly alter peptide conformation. Peptide aggregation could also be modulated post-liposome assembly by the addition of distinct small molecule β-sheet breakers. Immunization of both mice and monkeys with a model liposomal vaccine containing β-sheet aggregated lipopeptide (Palm1-15) induced polyclonal IgG antibodies that specifically recognized β-sheet multimers over monomer or non-pathological native protein. The rational design of liposome-bound peptide immunogens with defined conformation opens up the possibility to generate vaccines against a range of protein misfolding diseases, such as Alzheimer disease. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/95656b20dde1/zbc0211159090001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="416" data-image-height="911" data-image-alt="FIGURE 1." data-pmc-id="PMC3077597" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/4368011567f0/zbc0211159090001.gif" alt="FIGURE 1." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="416"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="911"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 1. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Conformational analyses and metal binding… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 1. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Conformational analyses and metal binding properties of liposomal Palm1–15 peptide ACI-24 composed of… </b></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> FIGURE 1. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Conformational analyses and metal binding properties of liposomal Palm1–15 peptide ACI-24 composed of Palm1–15 (121 μ<sc>m</sc>), DMPC (10.9 m<sc>m</sc>), DMPG (1.21 m<sc>m</sc>), cholesterol (8.51 m<sc>m</sc>), and MPLA (77 μ<sc>m</sc>).</b> <i>A</i>, fluorescence emission of liposomal formulation of Palm1–15 peptide (ACI-24) (□) and upon the addition of ThT to ACI-24 (■), ACI-24-Empty (▴), and Acetyl1–15 peptide (×). Samples were analyzed in PBS at a peptide concentration of 15 μ<sc>m</sc> with excitation at 440 nm. <i>B</i>, ThT binding isotherm for liposomal peptide Palm1–15 (ACI-24). <i>C</i>, CD spectra of lipidated peptide Palm1–15 embedded in liposomes (<i>solid line</i>) and of acetylated “native” peptide Acetyl1–15 (<i>dotted line</i>) in PBS. Spectra were recorded after 7-fold dilution for liposomal Palm1–15 in PBS with subtraction of a spectrum of the corresponding empty liposomes lacking peptide. <i>D</i>, fluorescence emission of ThT in the presence of liposomal vaccine ACI-24 upon the addition of different metal ions. ThT was added to ACI-24 alone or to ACI-24 (final concentration 15 μ<sc>m</sc>) preincubated with different metals (final concentration 20 μ<sc>m</sc>) prior to the addition of metal chelator diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (<i>DPTA</i>) (final concentration 200 μ<sc>m</sc>). As a control, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid was added to liposomal Palm1–15 in the absence of Cu(II), resulting in no change to the ThT emission. Data are expressed as average ± S.D. (<i>error bars</i>) (<i>n</i> = 3). <i>RFU</i>, relative fluorescence units.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/404bd75fbf80/zbc0211159090002.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="475" data-image-height="1100" data-image-alt="FIGURE 2." data-pmc-id="PMC3077597" data-figure-id="F2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/163da087cc5b/zbc0211159090002.gif" alt="FIGURE 2." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="475"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1100"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 2. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Conformational analyses of various N-… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 2. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Conformational analyses of various N- and C-terminal dipalmitoylated peptides of different primary sequence.… </b></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> FIGURE 2. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Conformational analyses of various N- and C-terminal dipalmitoylated peptides of different primary sequence.</b> <i>A</i>, CD spectra of liposomal peptides Palm15–1 (<i>solid line</i>), scPalm15 (<i>dashed line</i>), Palm1–9 (×), and Palm1–5 (<i>dotted line</i>). <i>B</i>, ThT fluorescence emission upon the addition to liposomes embedded with different sequences of N- and C-dipalmitoylated peptides (<i>filled bars</i>) and corresponding “native” acetylated peptides (<i>open bars</i>) in the absence of liposomes. Results are given as average ± S.D. (<i>error bars</i>) (<i>n</i> = 3). <i>C</i>, CD spectra of liposomal peptides Palm1–15(D7K) (<i>solid line</i>), Palm1–15(E3A,D7K) (<i>dashed line</i>), Palm1–15(E3K,D7K) (×), and Palm1–15(E3K,D7K,E11K) (<i>dotted line</i>). <i>RFU</i>, relative fluorescence units.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/156d770340da/zbc0211159090003.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="500" data-image-height="578" data-image-alt="FIGURE 3." data-pmc-id="PMC3077597" data-figure-id="F3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/c645923d6cb4/zbc0211159090003.gif" alt="FIGURE 3." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="500"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="578"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 3. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Effect of liposome surface charge… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 3. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Effect of liposome surface charge upon conformation of N- and C-terminal dipalmitoylated peptides… </b></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> FIGURE 3. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Effect of liposome surface charge upon conformation of N- and C-terminal dipalmitoylated peptides integrated into liposomal bilayers.</b> <i>A</i>, effect of liposome surface charge upon conformation of Palm1–15 peptide (■, liposome formulations A–F; see <ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/M110.186338/DC1">supplemental Table S3</ext-link>), and cationic mutant Palm1–15(E3K,D7K,E11K) (△, liposome formulations G–L) measured by ThT fluorescence. Liposomes are composed of peptide, phospholipids (different proportions of DMPC, DMPG, and/or DMTAP), cholesterol, and MPLA in a molar ratio of 0.1:10:7:0.06, respectively. Empty liposomes lacking peptide (●, liposome formulations M–O) were used as negative controls. ζ potential values are given as average ± S.D. (<i>n</i> = 3). <i>B</i>, <sup>13</sup>C-<sup>13</sup>C double quantum MAS-NMR spectra of Palm1–15(ASG) peptide uniformly (<sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N) labeled at positions Ala-2, Ser-8, and Gly-9 and incorporated into anionic liposomes (DMPC/DMPG/cholesterol/MPLA (molar ratio 9:1:7:0.06)) (<i>dark blue line</i>) or cationic liposomes (DMTAP/cholesterol/MPLA (molar ratio 10:7:0.06)) (<i>dark red line</i>). Conformation-dependent chemical shift ranges (36) compatible with α-helix (<i>blue</i>), random coil (<i>red</i>), and β-sheet (<i>green</i>) backbone structure are annotated. <i>RFU</i>, relative fluorescence units. <i>CA</i> and <i>CB</i> indicate the α- and β-Z carbon atoms of the corresponding amino acids.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="figure-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/b2347bae7fe5/zbc0211159090004.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="656" data-image-height="446" data-image-alt="FIGURE 4." data-pmc-id="PMC3077597" data-figure-id="F4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/9e946f410efc/zbc0211159090004.gif" alt="FIGURE 4." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="656"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="446"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 4. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Secondary and quaternary structural analysis… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 4. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Secondary and quaternary structural analysis of liposomal lipopeptides. </b> <i> A </i> , ThT fluorescence upon…</div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> FIGURE 4. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Secondary and quaternary structural analysis of liposomal lipopeptides.</b> <i>A</i>, ThT fluorescence upon the addition to liposomal peptide constructs Palm1–15(4C) (○), Palm1–15 (■), Palm1–15(2C) (▴), Palm1–15(1N1C) (△), and Palm1–15(1C) (□). <i>B</i>, CD spectra of liposomal peptide constructs Palm(4C) (<i>solid line</i>), Palm1–15(2C) (×), Palm1–15(1N1C) (<i>dashed line</i>), and Palm1–15(1C) (<i>dotted line</i>). <i>C</i>, ThT fluorescence upon the addition to liposomal peptide constructs Dodecyl1–15 (▴), Octyl1–15 (■), and Butyl1–15 (●). <i>D</i>, CD spectra of liposomal peptide constructs Dodecyl1–15 (<i>dashed line</i>), Octyl1–15 (<i>solid line</i>), and Butyl1–15 (<i>dotted line</i>). <i>RFU</i>, relative fluorescence units.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="figure-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/63ce7bbb88d6/zbc0211159090005.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="500" data-image-height="678" data-image-alt="FIGURE 5." data-pmc-id="PMC3077597" data-figure-id="F5"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/df58094f15c4/zbc0211159090005.gif" alt="FIGURE 5." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="500"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="678"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 5. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Conformation-specific binding of anti-ACI-24 polyclonal… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 5. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Conformation-specific binding of anti-ACI-24 polyclonal antibodies to Aβ(1–42). </b> <i> A </i> , CD spectra of…</div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> FIGURE 5. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Conformation-specific binding of anti-ACI-24 polyclonal antibodies to Aβ(1–42).</b> <i>A</i>, CD spectra of SEC purified oligomer (<i>red</i>) and monomer fractions (<i>blue</i>) of Aβ(1–42). <i>B</i>, recognition of distinct Aβ(1–42) conformations by polyclonal plasma taken from WT mice after immunization with liposomal vaccine ACI-24. Monomeric (random coil) and oligomeric (β-sheet) Aβ(1–42) species were coated onto an ELISA plate, and binding of plasma was quantified relative to control IgG antibody 6E10. Data are expressed in mean ± S.D. (<i>error bars</i>) (<i>n</i> = 10). **, <i>p</i> < 0.01 by non-parametric Wilcoxon matched pairs ranks.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="figure-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/892e26263669/zbc0211159090006.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="500" data-image-height="392" data-image-alt="FIGURE 6." data-pmc-id="PMC3077597" data-figure-id="F6"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f5db/3077597/2c7e873a2911/zbc0211159090006.gif" alt="FIGURE 6." /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="500"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="392"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 6. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Staining of pathological misfolded β-sheet… </b></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> FIGURE 6. </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b> Staining of pathological misfolded β-sheet plaques in human AD brain. </b> Shown is staining…</div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> FIGURE 6. </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><b>Staining of pathological misfolded β-sheet plaques in human AD brain.</b> Shown is staining of human AD brain (<i>A</i>) and healthy human brain (<i>B</i>), with sera (diluted 1:2000) taken from a monkey immunized with ACI-24. Shown is staining of human AD brain with positive control monoclonal antibody (Dako mouse mAb) (<i>C</i>) or with sera from a monkey immunized with PBS (<i>D</i>). Brain slices are magnified 40-fold.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/22521809/" ref="article_id=22521809&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="22521809" data-ga-label=""> Binding of the three-repeat domain of tau to phospholipid membranes induces an aggregated-like state of the protein. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Künze G, Barré P, Scheidt HA, Thomas L, Eliezer D, Huster D.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Künze G, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Sep;1818(9):2302-13. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.03.019. 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keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Benzothiazoles" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Benzothiazoles </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Benzothiazoles"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Benzothiazoles%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Benzothiazoles%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Benzothiazoles"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Benzothiazoles"> Search in PubMed 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Sequence-independent control of peptide conformation in liposomal vaccines for targeting protein misfolding diseases - PubMed