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href="#Helacyton_gartleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>Helacyton gartleri</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helacyton_gartleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дереккөздер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дереккөздер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Дереккөздер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дереккөздер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмұны" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Мазмұны" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">HeLa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 35 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="خلايا هيلا – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خلايا هيلا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa_%C4%87elija" title="HeLa ćelija – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="HeLa ćelija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8l%C2%B7lules_HeLa" title="Cèl·lules HeLa – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cèl·lules HeLa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa-celler" title="HeLa-celler – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="HeLa-celler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa-Zellen" title="HeLa-Zellen – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="HeLa-Zellen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa_rakuliin" title="HeLa rakuliin – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="HeLa rakuliin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7" title="هلا – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa-solut" title="HeLa-solut – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="HeLa-solut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lula_HeLa" title="Célula HeLa – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Célula HeLa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="תאי הילה – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תאי הילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_HeLa" title="Sel HeLa – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sel HeLa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="HeLa細胞 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="HeLa細胞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%9D%BC_%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="헬라 세포 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헬라 세포" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE" title="ഹിലാ – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിലാ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D1%9B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Хела (ћелијска линија) – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хела (ћелијска линија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa-celler" title="HeLa-celler – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="HeLa-celler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="எலா உயிரணுக்கள் – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலா உயிரணுக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="HeLa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="海拉细胞 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海拉细胞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa_s%C3%A8-pau" title="HeLa sè-pau – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="HeLa sè-pau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q847482#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Тіларалық сілтемелерді өңдеу" class="wbc-editpage">Сілтемелерді өңдеу</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ат кеңістіктері"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/HeLa" title="Мазмұн бетін көру [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бет</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83:HeLa&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Мағлұмат бетті талқылау (мұндай бет жоқ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тіл нұсқасын ауыстыру" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">kk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Көріністер"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/HeLa"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&veaction=edit" title="Бұл бетті өңдеу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&action=edit" title="Бұл беттің қайнар мәтінін өңдеу [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Қайнарын өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&action=history" title="Бұл беттін соңғы нұсқалары. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Құралдар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Құралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Әрекеттер </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/HeLa"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&veaction=edit" title="Бұл бетті өңдеу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&action=edit" title="Бұл беттің қайнар мәтінін өңдеу [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Қайнарын өңдеу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&action=history"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Жалпы </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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title="Сілтеме дерек қойма данасымен байланысқан [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Уикидерек элементі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрініс"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрініс</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикипедия — ашық энциклопедиясынан алынған мәлімет</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:HeLa-IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HeLa-IV.jpg/250px-HeLa-IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HeLa-IV.jpg/375px-HeLa-IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/HeLa-IV.jpg/500px-HeLa-IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2424" /></a><figcaption>Электронды микроскоппен қарағандағы HeLa жасушасы</figcaption></figure> <p><b>HeLa</b> — биология және <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фармакология">фармакология</a> саласындағы көптеген ғылыми зерттеулерде қолданылатын "өлмейтін" <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Жасуша">жасушалар</a> желісі.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Желі 1951 жылы 8 ақпанда Генриетта Лакстың (ағылш. Henrietta Lacks) жатыр мойынның қатерлі ісігінен алынды.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Зерттеуші Джордж Геймен Генриеттаның жасушаларын оның рұқсатынсыз және келісімінсіз алынды, оларды зерттеп, жасушаларда өмірді сақтауға болатынын анықтады. Ол бір нақты жасушаны бөліп, оны көбейтіп, жасуша желісін бастауға мүмкіндік алды. Геймен оларды Генриетта Лакс атының бастапқы әріптермен “HeLa жасушалары” деп атады. Бұл зертханада өсірілген алғашқы "өлмейтін" адам жасушалары болды-олар бірнеше бөлінуден кейін өлмеді және көптеген эксперименттерде пайдалануға жарамды болды. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ерекшеліктері"><span id=".D0.95.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.88.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D1.96"></span>Ерекшеліктері</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Ерекшеліктері" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&action=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Ерекшеліктері"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HeLa жасушалары "өлмейтін" деп аталады, олардың Хейфлик шегі бар қарапайым жасушалардан айырмашылығы- шексіз рет бөлінуге қабілеттілігі. Қатерлі ісіктерінің көптеген түрлері сияқты, HeLa жасушалары <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%9D%D2%9A" title="ДНҚ">ДНҚ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хромосомалар">хромосомалар</a> ұштарында <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Теломера">теломерлерді</a> ұзартатын теломераза ферментін өндіреді. Қазіргі уақытта бар HeLa жасушаларының популяциясы Генриетта Лакстың ұлпа үлгілерінен алынған. Бұл жасушалар басқа қатерлі ісік жасушаларымен салыстырғанда да өте тез таралады. Кейде бұл жасушалар басқа ұлпаларды зақымдайды. </p><p>HeLa жасушалары Генриетта қайтыс болған обыр жасушаларына жиі кездесетін <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Папиллома">папиллома</a> вирусын жұқтырған. HeLa жасушалары аномальды кариотипке ие, HeLa түрлі сублиниялары 49-78 хромосомаға ие, ал қалыпты адам кариотипінде 46 хромосом бар.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HeLa жасушалары in vitro өсіміне бейімделе отырып, осы жылдар ішінде эволюцияланды және олардың бөлінуінен бірнеше тармақтар пайда болды. Қазіргі уақытта HeLa жасушаларының бірнеше желісі бар. Бұл жасушалар желілері обыр жасушаларының моделі ретінде, жасушалар арасындағы сигнал беру механизмдерін, радиация және улы заттардың жасушаларға әсерін зерттеу және басқа да мақсаттар үшін пайдаланылады. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helacyton_gartleri"><i>Helacyton gartleri</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Helacyton gartleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&action=edit&section=2" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Helacyton gartleri"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Шектелмеген бөлу қабілеті және адамға тән емес хромосомалардың санына байланысты, HeLa жасушалары Леем ван Валенмен қазіргі кезде жаңа биологиялық түрдің пайда болуының мысалы ретінде сипаттап, оларды Helacyton gartleri (хелацитон Гартлер) деп осы жасушаларды зерттеген Стенли М. Гартлердің атымен атаған.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Жеке түрге таңдалғаны үшін дәлелдер: </p> <ul><li>HeLa жасушалары мен адам хромосомалардың санының сәйкес келмеуі;</li> <li>HeLa жасушаларының экологиялық қаты;</li> <li>HeLa жасушалары қалыпты адам жасушаларының өсіріндісінен тыс сақталу және көбею қабілеті.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Бұл түрдің анықтамасы жетекші биолог-эволюционистермен, сондай-ақ басқа бағыттағы ғалымдармен шындап қабылданбаған.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дереккөздер"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Дереккөздер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Дереккөздер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HeLa&action=edit&section=3" title="Бөлімнің қайнар кодын өңдеу: Дереккөздер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Анна Старокадомская</i>. Бессмертные клетки HeLa, Популярная механика №4, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scherer, William F.; Jerome T. Syverton, George O. Gey (January 1953). “Viral Multiplication in a stable strain of human malignant epithelial cells (strain HELA) derived from an epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix”. <i>The Journal of Experimental Medicine</i>. <b>97</b>: 695—715. PMC 2136303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Мамаева С. Е.</i> Атлас хромосом постоянных клеточных линий человека и животных. — <abbr>М.</abbr>: Научный мир, 2002. — 236 с. — ISBN 5-89176-178-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Valen LM, Maiorana VC (1991). “HeLa, a new microbial species”. <i>Evolutionary Theory & Review</i>. <b>10</b>: 71—74. ISSN 1528-2619</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duesberg, P; Mandrioli, D; McCormack, A; Nicholson, JM (2011). “Is carcinogenesis a form of speciation?”. <i>Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)</i>. <b>10</b> (13): 2100—14. DOI:10.4161/cc.10.13.16352. PMID 21666415</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">No Longer Human (англ.), Discover Magazine (December 01, 1992).</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HeLa&oldid=2697313">https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HeLa&oldid=2697313</a>» бетінен алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Арнайы:Санаттар">Санаттар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Санат:Онкология">Онкология</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Санат:Адам жасушалары">Адам жасушалары</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бұл беттің соңғы рет өзгертілген кезі: 2019 ж. маусымның 13, 21:38.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Мәтін <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензиясы</a> аясында қолжетімді; қосымша шарттар қолданылуы мүмкін. 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