CINXE.COM

History This Week - Stabroek News

<!doctype html><html lang=en-us><head><script>var __ezHttpConsent={setByCat:function(src,tagType,attributes,category,force){var setScript=function(){if(force||window.ezTcfConsent[category]){var scriptElement=document.createElement(tagType);scriptElement.src=src;attributes.forEach(function(attr){for(var key in attr){if(attr.hasOwnProperty(key)){scriptElement.setAttribute(key,attr[key]);}}});var firstScript=document.getElementsByTagName(tagType)[0];firstScript.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement,firstScript);}};if(force||(window.ezTcfConsent&&window.ezTcfConsent.loaded)){setScript();}else if(typeof getEzConsentData==="function"){getEzConsentData().then(function(ezTcfConsent){if(ezTcfConsent&&ezTcfConsent.loaded){setScript();}else{console.error("cannot get ez consent data");force=true;setScript();}});}else{force=true;setScript();console.error("getEzConsentData is not a function");}},};</script> <script>var ezTcfConsent=window.ezTcfConsent?window.ezTcfConsent:{loaded:false,store_info:false,develop_and_improve_services:false,measure_ad_performance:false,measure_content_performance:false,select_basic_ads:false,create_ad_profile:false,select_personalized_ads:false,create_content_profile:false,select_personalized_content:false,understand_audiences:false,use_limited_data_to_select_content:false,};function getEzConsentData(){return new Promise(function(resolve){document.addEventListener("ezConsentEvent",function(event){var ezTcfConsent=event.detail.ezTcfConsent;resolve(ezTcfConsent);});});}</script> <script>function _setEzCookies(ezConsentData){var cookies=[{name:"ezosuibasgeneris-1",value:"e0f4ed86-2394-465b-5ffb-ba37813c45a1; Path=/; Domain=stabroeknews.com; Expires=Fri, 28 Nov 2025 13:30:32 UTC; Secure; SameSite=None",tcfCategory:"understand_audiences",isEzoic:"true",},{name:"ezopvc_376668",value:"1; Path=/; Domain=stabroeknews.com; Expires=Thu, 28 Nov 2024 14:00:32 UTC",tcfCategory:"understand_audiences",isEzoic:"true",},{name:"ezoab_376668",value:"mod18-c; Path=/; Domain=stabroeknews.com; Max-Age=7200",tcfCategory:"store_info",isEzoic:"true",},{name:"active_template::376668",value:"pub_site.1732800632; Path=/; Domain=stabroeknews.com; Expires=Sat, 30 Nov 2024 13:30:32 UTC",tcfCategory:"store_info",isEzoic:"true",},{name:"ezoadgid_376668",value:"-1; Path=/; Domain=stabroeknews.com; Max-Age=1800",tcfCategory:"understand_audiences",isEzoic:"true",}];for(var i=0;i<cookies.length;i++){var cookie=cookies[i];if(ezConsentData&&ezConsentData.loaded&&ezConsentData[cookie.tcfCategory]){document.cookie=cookie.name+"="+cookie.value;}}} if(window.ezTcfConsent&&window.ezTcfConsent.loaded){_setEzCookies(window.ezTcfConsent);}else if(typeof getEzConsentData==="function"){getEzConsentData().then(function(ezTcfConsent){if(ezTcfConsent&&ezTcfConsent.loaded){_setEzCookies(window.ezTcfConsent);}else{console.error("cannot get ez consent data");_setEzCookies(window.ezTcfConsent);}});}else{console.error("getEzConsentData is not a function");_setEzCookies(window.ezTcfConsent);}</script><script type="text/javascript" data-ezscrex='false' data-cfasync='false'>window._ezaq = Object.assign({"edge_cache_status":13,"edge_response_time":63,"url":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/"}, typeof window._ezaq !== "undefined" ? window._ezaq : {});</script><script type="text/javascript" data-ezscrex='false' data-cfasync='false'>window._ezaq = Object.assign({"ab_test_id":"mod18-c"}, typeof window._ezaq !== "undefined" ? window._ezaq : {});window.__ez=window.__ez||{};window.__ez.tf={};</script><script type="text/javascript" data-ezscrex='false' data-cfasync='false'>window.ezDisableAds = true;</script><script data-ezscrex=false data-cfasync=false data-pagespeed-no-defer>var __ez=__ez||{};__ez.stms=Date.now();__ez.evt={};__ez.script={};__ez.ck=__ez.ck||{};__ez.template={};__ez.template.isOrig=false;__ez.queue=function(){var e=0,i=0,t=[],n=!1,o=[],r=[],s=!0,a=function(e,i,n,o,r,s,a){var l=arguments.length>7&&void 0!==arguments[7]?arguments[7]:window,d=this;this.name=e,this.funcName=i,this.parameters=null===n?null:w(n)?n:[n],this.isBlock=o,this.blockedBy=r,this.deleteWhenComplete=s,this.isError=!1,this.isComplete=!1,this.isInitialized=!1,this.proceedIfError=a,this.fWindow=l,this.isTimeDelay=!1,this.process=function(){u("... func = "+e),d.isInitialized=!0,d.isComplete=!0,u("... func.apply: "+e);var i=d.funcName.split("."),n=null,o=this.fWindow||window;i.length>3||(n=3===i.length?o[i[0]][i[1]][i[2]]:2===i.length?o[i[0]][i[1]]:o[d.funcName]),null!=n&&n.apply(null,this.parameters),!0===d.deleteWhenComplete&&delete t[e],!0===d.isBlock&&(u("----- F'D: "+d.name),m())}},l=function(e,i,t,n,o,r,s){var a=arguments.length>7&&void 0!==arguments[7]?arguments[7]:window,l=this;this.name=e,this.path=i,this.async=o,this.defer=r,this.isBlock=t,this.blockedBy=n,this.isInitialized=!1,this.isError=!1,this.isComplete=!1,this.proceedIfError=s,this.fWindow=a,this.isTimeDelay=!1,this.isPath=function(e){return"/"===e[0]&&"/"!==e[1]},this.getSrc=function(e){return void 0!==window.__ezScriptHost&&this.isPath(e)&&"banger.js"!==this.name?window.__ezScriptHost+e:e},this.process=function(){l.isInitialized=!0,u("... file = "+e);var i=this.fWindow?this.fWindow.document:document,t=i.createElement("script");t.src=this.getSrc(this.path),!0===o?t.async=!0:!0===r&&(t.defer=!0),t.onerror=function(){var e={url:window.location.href,name:l.name,path:l.path,user_agent:window.navigator.userAgent};"undefined"!=typeof _ezaq&&(e.pageview_id=_ezaq.page_view_id);var i=encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(e)),t=new XMLHttpRequest;t.open("GET","//g.ezoic.net/ezqlog?d="+i,!0),t.send(),u("----- ERR'D: "+l.name),l.isError=!0,!0===l.isBlock&&m()},t.onreadystatechange=t.onload=function(){var e=t.readyState;u("----- F'D: "+l.name),e&&!/loaded|complete/.test(e)||(l.isComplete=!0,!0===l.isBlock&&m())},i.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}},d=function(e,i){this.name=e,this.path="",this.async=!1,this.defer=!1,this.isBlock=!1,this.blockedBy=[],this.isInitialized=!0,this.isError=!1,this.isComplete=i,this.proceedIfError=!1,this.isTimeDelay=!1,this.process=function(){}};function c(e,i,n,s,a,d,c,f,u){var m=new l(e,i,n,s,a,d,c,u);!0===f?o[e]=m:r[e]=m,t[e]=m,h(m)}function h(e){!0!==f(e)&&0!=s&&e.process()}function f(e){if(!0===e.isTimeDelay&&!1===n)return u(e.name+" blocked = TIME DELAY!"),!0;if(w(e.blockedBy))for(var i=0;i<e.blockedBy.length;i++){var o=e.blockedBy[i];if(!1===t.hasOwnProperty(o))return u(e.name+" blocked = "+o),!0;if(!0===e.proceedIfError&&!0===t[o].isError)return!1;if(!1===t[o].isComplete)return u(e.name+" blocked = "+o),!0}return!1}function u(e){var i=window.location.href,t=new RegExp("[?&]ezq=([^&#]*)","i").exec(i);"1"===(t?t[1]:null)&&console.debug(e)}function m(){++e>200||(u("let's go"),p(o),p(r))}function p(e){for(var i in e)if(!1!==e.hasOwnProperty(i)){var t=e[i];!0===t.isComplete||f(t)||!0===t.isInitialized||!0===t.isError?!0===t.isError?u(t.name+": error"):!0===t.isComplete?u(t.name+": complete already"):!0===t.isInitialized&&u(t.name+": initialized already"):t.process()}}function w(e){return"[object Array]"==Object.prototype.toString.call(e)}return window.addEventListener("load",(function(){setTimeout((function(){n=!0,u("TDELAY -----"),m()}),5e3)}),!1),{addFile:c,addFileOnce:function(e,i,n,o,r,s,a,l,d){t[e]||c(e,i,n,o,r,s,a,l,d)},addDelayFile:function(e,i){var n=new l(e,i,!1,[],!1,!1,!0);n.isTimeDelay=!0,u(e+" ... FILE! TDELAY"),r[e]=n,t[e]=n,h(n)},addFunc:function(e,n,s,l,d,c,f,u,m,p){!0===c&&(e=e+"_"+i++);var w=new a(e,n,s,l,d,f,u,p);!0===m?o[e]=w:r[e]=w,t[e]=w,h(w)},addDelayFunc:function(e,i,n){var o=new a(e,i,n,!1,[],!0,!0);o.isTimeDelay=!0,u(e+" ... FUNCTION! TDELAY"),r[e]=o,t[e]=o,h(o)},items:t,processAll:m,setallowLoad:function(e){s=e},markLoaded:function(e){if(e&&0!==e.length){if(e in t){var i=t[e];!0===i.isComplete?u(i.name+" "+e+": error loaded duplicate"):(i.isComplete=!0,i.isInitialized=!0)}else t[e]=new d(e,!0);u("markLoaded dummyfile: "+t[e].name)}},logWhatsBlocked:function(){for(var e in t)!1!==t.hasOwnProperty(e)&&f(t[e])}}}();__ez.evt.add=function(e,t,n){e.addEventListener?e.addEventListener(t,n,!1):e.attachEvent?e.attachEvent("on"+t,n):e["on"+t]=n()},__ez.evt.remove=function(e,t,n){e.removeEventListener?e.removeEventListener(t,n,!1):e.detachEvent?e.detachEvent("on"+t,n):delete e["on"+t]};__ez.script.add=function(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.async=!0,t.type="text/javascript",document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)};__ez.dot={};__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/boise.js','/detroitchicago/boise.js?gcb=195-0&cb=5',true,[],true,false,true,false);__ez.queue.addFile('/parsonsmaize/abilene.js','/parsonsmaize/abilene.js?gcb=195-0&cb=0db397a922',true,[],true,false,true,false);</script> <script data-ezscrex=false data-cfasync=false>__ez.ssaf=[];__ez.sswp=4;__ez.ssv=824428;__ez.sshsdef=false;</script> <script data-ezscrex=false data-cfasync=false>(function(){if("function"===typeof window.CustomEvent)return!1;window.CustomEvent=function(c,a){a=a||{bubbles:!1,cancelable:!1,detail:null};var b=document.createEvent("CustomEvent");b.initCustomEvent(c,a.bubbles,a.cancelable,a.detail);return b}})();</script><script data-ezscrex=false data-cfasync=false>__ez.queue.addFile('/detroitchicago/tulsa.js','/detroitchicago/tulsa.js?gcb=195-0&cb=9',false,[],true,false,true,false);</script> <script data-ezscrex=false data-cfasync=false>window._ezaq=Object.assign({"ad_cache_level":1,"adpicker_placement_cnt":0,"ai_placeholder_cache_level":1,"ai_placeholder_placement_cnt":-1,"author":"Stabroek News","domain_id":376668,"ezcache_level":2,"ezcache_skip_code":0,"has_bad_image":0,"has_bad_words":0,"is_sitespeed":1,"lt_cache_level":0,"response_size":182536,"response_size_orig":174403,"response_time_orig":4,"template_id":134,"url":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/","word_count":1316,"worst_bad_word_level":0},typeof window._ezaq!=="undefined"?window._ezaq:{});__ez.queue.markLoaded('ezaqBaseReady');</script> <link rel=preconnect href=//www.googletagmanager.com crossorigin> <link rel=preconnect href=//stats.wp.com crossorigin> <link rel=preconnect href=//s1.stabroeknews.com crossorigin> <link rel=preconnect href=//go.ezoic.net crossorigin> <link rel=preload as=script href=//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js> <link rel=preload as=script href="//go.ezodn.com/hb/dall.js?cb=195-0-111"> <script>(function(){function storageAvailable(type){var storage;try{storage=window[type];var x='__storage_test__';storage.setItem(x,x);storage.removeItem(x);return true;} catch(e){return e instanceof DOMException&&(e.code===22||e.code===1014||e.name==='QuotaExceededError'||e.name==='NS_ERROR_DOM_QUOTA_REACHED')&&(storage&&storage.length!==0);}} function remove_ama_config(){if(storageAvailable('localStorage')){localStorage.removeItem("google_ama_config");}} remove_ama_config()})()</script> <script>var ezoicTestActive=true</script> <script data-ezscrex=false data-cfasync=false>window.ezAnalyticsStatic=true;function analyticsAddScript(script){var ezDynamic=document.createElement('script');ezDynamic.type='text/javascript';ezDynamic.innerHTML=script;document.head.appendChild(ezDynamic);} function getCookiesWithPrefix(){var allCookies=document.cookie.split(';');var cookiesWithPrefix={};for(var i=0;i<allCookies.length;i++){var cookie=allCookies[i].trim();for(var j=0;j<arguments.length;j++){var prefix=arguments[j];if(cookie.indexOf(prefix)===0){var cookieParts=cookie.split('=');var cookieName=cookieParts[0];var cookieValue=cookieParts.slice(1).join('=');cookiesWithPrefix[cookieName]=decodeURIComponent(cookieValue);break;}}} return cookiesWithPrefix;} function productAnalytics(){var d={"pr":[2,1,6],"aop":{"2":0,"21":0,"4":134,"7":0,"8":0},"omd5":"e7436a8dfcab274d4aef603bb45b72c4"};d.u=_ezaq.url;d.p=_ezaq.page_view_id;d.v=_ezaq.visit_uuid;d.ab=_ezaq.ab_test_id;d.e=JSON.stringify(_ezaq);d.ref=document.referrer;d.c=getCookiesWithPrefix('active_template','ez','lp_');if(typeof ez_utmParams!=='undefined'){d.utm=ez_utmParams;} var dataText=JSON.stringify(d);var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest();xhr.open('POST','/ezais/analytics?cb=1',true);xhr.onload=function(){if(xhr.status!=200){return;} if(document.readyState!=='loading'){analyticsAddScript(xhr.response);return;} var eventFunc=function(){if(document.readyState==='loading'){return;} document.removeEventListener('readystatechange',eventFunc,false);analyticsAddScript(xhr.response);};document.addEventListener('readystatechange',eventFunc,false);};xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','text/plain');xhr.send(dataText);} __ez.queue.addFunc("productAnalytics","productAnalytics",null,true,['ezaqBaseReady'],false,false,false,true);</script><script data-ezscrex=false data-cfasync=false async>function productEzoicAds(){if(window.ezDisableAds===true){return;} window.google_reactive_ads_global_state={adCount:{},floatingAdsStacking:{maxZIndexListeners:[],maxZIndexRestrictions:{},nextRestrictionId:0},messageValidationEnabled:false,reactiveTypeDisabledByPublisher:{},reactiveTypeEnabledInAsfe:{},sideRailAvailableSpace:[],sideRailOverlappableElements:[],stateForType:{},tagSpecificState:{},wasPlaTagProcessed:true,wasReactiveAdConfigReceived:{1:true,2:true,8:true},wasReactiveAdVisible:{},wasReactiveTagRequestSent:true,description:"Can't disable auto ads programmatically on the page, so here we are!"};var d={"ab":"","km":{},"pv":"","vu":"3477148d-71d0-4777-48eb-fe5811b03636","r":{"r":[{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-623-top_of_page-250x250-623-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":623},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-623-top_of_page-300x250-623-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":623},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-623-top_of_page-336x280-623-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":623},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-623-top_of_page-728x90-623-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":623},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-623-top_of_page-970x250-623-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":623},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-623-top_of_page-970x90-623-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":623},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-608-sidebar-120x600-608-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":608},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-608-sidebar-160x600-608-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":608},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-608-sidebar-300x250-608-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":608},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-608-sidebar-300x600-608-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":608},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-608-sidebar-300x250v2-608-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":608},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-608-sidebar-120x600x2-608-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":608},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-608-sidebar-336x280-608-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":608},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-608-sidebar-320x100v2-608-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":608},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-116-sidebar_floating_1-160x600-116-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":116},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-116-sidebar_floating_1-250x250-116-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":116},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-116-sidebar_floating_1-300x250-116-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":116},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-116-sidebar_floating_1-300x600-116-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":116},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-116-sidebar_floating_1-300x250v2-116-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":116},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-116-sidebar_floating_1-120x600x2-116-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":116},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-116-sidebar_floating_1-336x280-116-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":116},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-116-sidebar_floating_1-320x100v2-116-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":116},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-250x250-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-300x250-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-320x100-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-320x50-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-336x280-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-468x60-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-580x400-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-728x90-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-970x250-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-621-bottom_of_page-970x90-621-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":621},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-100-bottom_floating-728x90-100-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":100},{"p":" ezoic_pub_ad_placeholder-100-bottom_floating-970x90-100-nonexxxnonexxxxxxezmaxscaleval100 ","s":100}],"a":{"10":true,"100":true,"11":true,"116":true,"608":true,"621":true,"623":true,"8":true,"9":true},"g":-1,"l":{"0":0,"1":0,"2":0,"3":0,"4":0,"5":0,"6":0},"m":{"0":0,"1":0,"2":0,"3":0,"4":0,"5":0,"6":0},"v":0,"ve":false,"hr":false},"cr":"","tid":134,"tn":"pub_site","url":"","wc":1316,"ff":1,"dhh":""};d.ab=_ezaq.ab_test_id;d.pv=_ezaq.page_view_id;d.vu=_ezaq.visit_uuid;d.url=window.location.href;var dynamicAddScript=function(script){if(window.ezFinishedStatic===true){console.error("attempted to load dynamic script again");return;} var errorMessages=[];function errorHandler(event){var errorObj=event.error;if(errorObj&&errorObj.stack&&errorObj.stack.indexOf('dynamicAddScript')!==-1){var errorMessage={Message:event.message,LineNo:event.lineno,ColumnNo:event.colno,Stack:errorObj.stack};errorMessages.push(errorMessage);} if(typeof window.onerror==='function'){window.onerror.apply(this,arguments);}} window.addEventListener('error',errorHandler);var ezDynamic=document.createElement('script');ezDynamic.type='text/javascript';ezDynamic.innerHTML=script;document.head.appendChild(ezDynamic);window.removeEventListener('error',errorHandler);if(window.ezFinishedStatic!==true||typeof window.ezstaticerrors!=='undefined'){d.Script=script;d.ErrorMessages=JSON.stringify(errorMessages);d.ErrorStaticMessages=window.ezstaticerrors||'';var dataTxt=JSON.stringify(d);if(dataTxt.length>0){var logXHR=new XMLHttpRequest() logXHR.open('POST','/ezais/log?cb=1',true);logXHR.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','application/json');logXHR.send(dataTxt);}}};var dataText=JSON.stringify(d);if(dataText.length>0){var startTime=Date.now()-__ez.stms;var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest();xhr.open('POST','/ezais/dynamic?cb=1',true);xhr.onload=function(){if(xhr.status!=200){return;} if(document.readyState!=='loading'){dynamicAddScript(xhr.response);return;} var eventFunc=function(){if(document.readyState==='loading'){return;} document.removeEventListener('readystatechange',eventFunc,false);dynamicAddScript(xhr.response);};document.addEventListener('readystatechange',eventFunc,false);};xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','text/plain');xhr.send(dataText);}} __ez.queue.addFunc("productEzoicAds","productEzoicAds",null,true,['ezaqReady'],false,false,false,true);</script><base href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/><style>html{box-sizing:border-box;-ms-overflow-style:scrollbar}*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:inherit}.container{width:100%;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media(min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media(min-width:768px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media(min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media(min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1140px}}.container-fluid{width:100%;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.row{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}.no-gutters{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}.no-gutters>.col,.no-gutters>[class*=col-]{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}.col-1,.col-2,.col-3,.col-4,.col-5,.col-6,.col-7,.col-8,.col-9,.col-10,.col-11,.col-12,.col,.col-auto,.col-sm-1,.col-sm-2,.col-sm-3,.col-sm-4,.col-sm-5,.col-sm-6,.col-sm-7,.col-sm-8,.col-sm-9,.col-sm-10,.col-sm-11,.col-sm-12,.col-sm,.col-sm-auto,.col-md-1,.col-md-2,.col-md-3,.col-md-4,.col-md-5,.col-md-6,.col-md-7,.col-md-8,.col-md-9,.col-md-10,.col-md-11,.col-md-12,.col-md,.col-md-auto,.col-lg-1,.col-lg-2,.col-lg-3,.col-lg-4,.col-lg-5,.col-lg-6,.col-lg-7,.col-lg-8,.col-lg-9,.col-lg-10,.col-lg-11,.col-lg-12,.col-lg,.col-lg-auto,.col-xl-1,.col-xl-2,.col-xl-3,.col-xl-4,.col-xl-5,.col-xl-6,.col-xl-7,.col-xl-8,.col-xl-9,.col-xl-10,.col-xl-11,.col-xl-12,.col-xl,.col-xl-auto{position:relative;width:100%;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}.col{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:none;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}.order-first{-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}.order-last{-ms-flex-order:13;order:13}.order-0{-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}.order-1{-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}.order-2{-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}.order-3{-ms-flex-order:3;order:3}.order-4{-ms-flex-order:4;order:4}.order-5{-ms-flex-order:5;order:5}.order-6{-ms-flex-order:6;order:6}.order-7{-ms-flex-order:7;order:7}.order-8{-ms-flex-order:8;order:8}.order-9{-ms-flex-order:9;order:9}.order-10{-ms-flex-order:10;order:10}.order-11{-ms-flex-order:11;order:11}.order-12{-ms-flex-order:12;order:12}.offset-1{margin-left:8.333333%}.offset-2{margin-left:16.666667%}.offset-3{margin-left:25%}.offset-4{margin-left:33.333333%}.offset-5{margin-left:41.666667%}.offset-6{margin-left:50%}.offset-7{margin-left:58.333333%}.offset-8{margin-left:66.666667%}.offset-9{margin-left:75%}.offset-10{margin-left:83.333333%}.offset-11{margin-left:91.666667%}@media(min-width:576px){.col-sm{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-sm-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:none;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-sm-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-sm-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-sm-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-sm-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-sm-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-sm-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-sm-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-sm-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-sm-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-sm-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-sm-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-sm-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}.order-sm-first{-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}.order-sm-last{-ms-flex-order:13;order:13}.order-sm-0{-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}.order-sm-1{-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}.order-sm-2{-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}.order-sm-3{-ms-flex-order:3;order:3}.order-sm-4{-ms-flex-order:4;order:4}.order-sm-5{-ms-flex-order:5;order:5}.order-sm-6{-ms-flex-order:6;order:6}.order-sm-7{-ms-flex-order:7;order:7}.order-sm-8{-ms-flex-order:8;order:8}.order-sm-9{-ms-flex-order:9;order:9}.order-sm-10{-ms-flex-order:10;order:10}.order-sm-11{-ms-flex-order:11;order:11}.order-sm-12{-ms-flex-order:12;order:12}.offset-sm-0{margin-left:0}.offset-sm-1{margin-left:8.333333%}.offset-sm-2{margin-left:16.666667%}.offset-sm-3{margin-left:25%}.offset-sm-4{margin-left:33.333333%}.offset-sm-5{margin-left:41.666667%}.offset-sm-6{margin-left:50%}.offset-sm-7{margin-left:58.333333%}.offset-sm-8{margin-left:66.666667%}.offset-sm-9{margin-left:75%}.offset-sm-10{margin-left:83.333333%}.offset-sm-11{margin-left:91.666667%}}@media(min-width:768px){.col-md{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-md-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:none;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-md-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-md-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-md-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-md-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-md-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-md-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-md-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-md-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-md-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-md-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-md-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-md-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}.order-md-first{-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}.order-md-last{-ms-flex-order:13;order:13}.order-md-0{-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}.order-md-1{-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}.order-md-2{-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}.order-md-3{-ms-flex-order:3;order:3}.order-md-4{-ms-flex-order:4;order:4}.order-md-5{-ms-flex-order:5;order:5}.order-md-6{-ms-flex-order:6;order:6}.order-md-7{-ms-flex-order:7;order:7}.order-md-8{-ms-flex-order:8;order:8}.order-md-9{-ms-flex-order:9;order:9}.order-md-10{-ms-flex-order:10;order:10}.order-md-11{-ms-flex-order:11;order:11}.order-md-12{-ms-flex-order:12;order:12}.offset-md-0{margin-left:0}.offset-md-1{margin-left:8.333333%}.offset-md-2{margin-left:16.666667%}.offset-md-3{margin-left:25%}.offset-md-4{margin-left:33.333333%}.offset-md-5{margin-left:41.666667%}.offset-md-6{margin-left:50%}.offset-md-7{margin-left:58.333333%}.offset-md-8{margin-left:66.666667%}.offset-md-9{margin-left:75%}.offset-md-10{margin-left:83.333333%}.offset-md-11{margin-left:91.666667%}}@media(min-width:992px){.col-lg{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-lg-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:none;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-lg-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-lg-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-lg-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-lg-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-lg-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-lg-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-lg-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-lg-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-lg-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-lg-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-lg-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-lg-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}.order-lg-first{-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}.order-lg-last{-ms-flex-order:13;order:13}.order-lg-0{-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}.order-lg-1{-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}.order-lg-2{-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}.order-lg-3{-ms-flex-order:3;order:3}.order-lg-4{-ms-flex-order:4;order:4}.order-lg-5{-ms-flex-order:5;order:5}.order-lg-6{-ms-flex-order:6;order:6}.order-lg-7{-ms-flex-order:7;order:7}.order-lg-8{-ms-flex-order:8;order:8}.order-lg-9{-ms-flex-order:9;order:9}.order-lg-10{-ms-flex-order:10;order:10}.order-lg-11{-ms-flex-order:11;order:11}.order-lg-12{-ms-flex-order:12;order:12}.offset-lg-0{margin-left:0}.offset-lg-1{margin-left:8.333333%}.offset-lg-2{margin-left:16.666667%}.offset-lg-3{margin-left:25%}.offset-lg-4{margin-left:33.333333%}.offset-lg-5{margin-left:41.666667%}.offset-lg-6{margin-left:50%}.offset-lg-7{margin-left:58.333333%}.offset-lg-8{margin-left:66.666667%}.offset-lg-9{margin-left:75%}.offset-lg-10{margin-left:83.333333%}.offset-lg-11{margin-left:91.666667%}}@media(min-width:1200px){.col-xl{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-xl-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:none;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-xl-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-xl-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-xl-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-xl-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-xl-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-xl-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-xl-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-xl-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-xl-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-xl-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-xl-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-xl-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}.order-xl-first{-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}.order-xl-last{-ms-flex-order:13;order:13}.order-xl-0{-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}.order-xl-1{-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}.order-xl-2{-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}.order-xl-3{-ms-flex-order:3;order:3}.order-xl-4{-ms-flex-order:4;order:4}.order-xl-5{-ms-flex-order:5;order:5}.order-xl-6{-ms-flex-order:6;order:6}.order-xl-7{-ms-flex-order:7;order:7}.order-xl-8{-ms-flex-order:8;order:8}.order-xl-9{-ms-flex-order:9;order:9}.order-xl-10{-ms-flex-order:10;order:10}.order-xl-11{-ms-flex-order:11;order:11}.order-xl-12{-ms-flex-order:12;order:12}.offset-xl-0{margin-left:0}.offset-xl-1{margin-left:8.333333%}.offset-xl-2{margin-left:16.666667%}.offset-xl-3{margin-left:25%}.offset-xl-4{margin-left:33.333333%}.offset-xl-5{margin-left:41.666667%}.offset-xl-6{margin-left:50%}.offset-xl-7{margin-left:58.333333%}.offset-xl-8{margin-left:66.666667%}.offset-xl-9{margin-left:75%}.offset-xl-10{margin-left:83.333333%}.offset-xl-11{margin-left:91.666667%}}.d-none{display:none!important}.d-inline{display:inline!important}.d-inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.d-block{display:block!important}.d-table{display:table!important}.d-table-row{display:table-row!important}.d-table-cell{display:table-cell!important}.d-flex{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important}.d-inline-flex{display:-ms-inline-flexbox!important;display:inline-flex!important}@media(min-width:576px){.d-sm-none{display:none!important}.d-sm-inline{display:inline!important}.d-sm-inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.d-sm-block{display:block!important}.d-sm-table{display:table!important}.d-sm-table-row{display:table-row!important}.d-sm-table-cell{display:table-cell!important}.d-sm-flex{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important}.d-sm-inline-flex{display:-ms-inline-flexbox!important;display:inline-flex!important}}@media(min-width:768px){.d-md-none{display:none!important}.d-md-inline{display:inline!important}.d-md-inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.d-md-block{display:block!important}.d-md-table{display:table!important}.d-md-table-row{display:table-row!important}.d-md-table-cell{display:table-cell!important}.d-md-flex{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important}.d-md-inline-flex{display:-ms-inline-flexbox!important;display:inline-flex!important}}@media(min-width:992px){.d-lg-none{display:none!important}.d-lg-inline{display:inline!important}.d-lg-inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.d-lg-block{display:block!important}.d-lg-table{display:table!important}.d-lg-table-row{display:table-row!important}.d-lg-table-cell{display:table-cell!important}.d-lg-flex{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important}.d-lg-inline-flex{display:-ms-inline-flexbox!important;display:inline-flex!important}}@media(min-width:1200px){.d-xl-none{display:none!important}.d-xl-inline{display:inline!important}.d-xl-inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.d-xl-block{display:block!important}.d-xl-table{display:table!important}.d-xl-table-row{display:table-row!important}.d-xl-table-cell{display:table-cell!important}.d-xl-flex{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important}.d-xl-inline-flex{display:-ms-inline-flexbox!important;display:inline-flex!important}}@media print{.d-print-none{display:none!important}.d-print-inline{display:inline!important}.d-print-inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.d-print-block{display:block!important}.d-print-table{display:table!important}.d-print-table-row{display:table-row!important}.d-print-table-cell{display:table-cell!important}.d-print-flex{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important}.d-print-inline-flex{display:-ms-inline-flexbox!important;display:inline-flex!important}}.flex-row{-ms-flex-direction:row!important;flex-direction:row!important}.m-0{margin:0!important}.mt-0,.my-0{margin-top:0!important}.mr-0,.mx-0{margin-right:0!important}.mb-0,.my-0{margin-bottom:0!important}.ml-0,.mx-0{margin-left:0!important}.m-1{margin:.25rem!important}.mt-1,.my-1{margin-top:.25rem!important}.mr-1,.mx-1{margin-right:.25rem!important}.mb-1,.my-1{margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.ml-1,.mx-1{margin-left:.25rem!important}.m-2{margin:.5rem!important}.mt-2,.my-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}.mr-2,.mx-2{margin-right:.5rem!important}.mb-2,.my-2{margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.ml-2,.mx-2{margin-left:.5rem!important}.m-3{margin:1rem!important}.mt-3,.my-3{margin-top:1rem!important}.mr-3,.mx-3{margin-right:1rem!important}.mb-3,.my-3{margin-bottom:1rem!important}.ml-3,.mx-3{margin-left:1rem!important}.m-4{margin:1.5rem!important}.mt-4,.my-4{margin-top:1.5rem!important}.mr-4,.mx-4{margin-right:1.5rem!important}.mb-4,.my-4{margin-bottom:1.5rem!important}.ml-4,.mx-4{margin-left:1.5rem!important}.m-5{margin:3rem!important}.mt-5,.my-5{margin-top:3rem!important}.mr-5,.mx-5{margin-right:3rem!important}.mb-5,.my-5{margin-bottom:3rem!important}.ml-5,.mx-5{margin-left:3rem!important}.p-0{padding:0!important}.pt-0,.py-0{padding-top:0!important}.pr-0,.px-0{padding-right:0!important}.pb-0,.py-0{padding-bottom:0!important}.pl-0,.px-0{padding-left:0!important}.p-1{padding:.25rem!important}.pt-1,.py-1{padding-top:.25rem!important}.pr-1,.px-1{padding-right:.25rem!important}.pb-1,.py-1{padding-bottom:.25rem!important}.pl-1,.px-1{padding-left:.25rem!important}.p-2{padding:.5rem!important}.pt-2,.py-2{padding-top:.5rem!important}.pr-2,.px-2{padding-right:.5rem!important}.pb-2,.py-2{padding-bottom:.5rem!important}.pl-2,.px-2{padding-left:.5rem!important}.p-3{padding:1rem!important}.pt-3,.py-3{padding-top:1rem!important}.pr-3,.px-3{padding-right:1rem!important}.pb-3,.py-3{padding-bottom:1rem!important}.pl-3,.px-3{padding-left:1rem!important}.p-4{padding:1.5rem!important}.pt-4,.py-4{padding-top:1.5rem!important}.pr-4,.px-4{padding-right:1.5rem!important}.pb-4,.py-4{padding-bottom:1.5rem!important}.pl-4,.px-4{padding-left:1.5rem!important}.p-5{padding:3rem!important}.pt-5,.py-5{padding-top:3rem!important}.pr-5,.px-5{padding-right:3rem!important}.pb-5,.py-5{padding-bottom:3rem!important}.pl-5,.px-5{padding-left:3rem!important}.m-auto{margin:auto!important}.mt-auto,.my-auto{margin-top:auto!important}.mr-auto,.mx-auto{margin-right:auto!important}.mb-auto,.my-auto{margin-bottom:auto!important}.ml-auto,.mx-auto{margin-left:auto!important}*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}html{font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}article,aside,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section{display:block}body{margin:0;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,segoe ui,Roboto,helvetica neue,Arial,noto sans,sans-serif,apple color emoji,segoe ui emoji,segoe ui symbol,noto color emoji;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;text-align:left;background-color:#fff}[tabindex="-1"]:focus{outline:0!important}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem}p{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1rem}abbr[title],abbr[data-original-title]{text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted;cursor:help;border-bottom:0;-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none}address{margin-bottom:1rem;font-style:normal;line-height:inherit}ol,ul,dl{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1rem}ol ol,ul ul,ol ul,ul ol{margin-bottom:0}dt{font-weight:700}dd{margin-bottom:.5rem;margin-left:0}blockquote{margin:0 0 1rem}b,strong{font-weight:bolder}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{position:relative;font-size:75%;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline}sub{bottom:-.25em}sup{top:-.5em}a{color:#007bff;text-decoration:none;background-color:initial}a:hover{color:#0056b3;text-decoration:underline}a:not([href]):not([tabindex]){color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a:not([href]):not([tabindex]):hover,a:not([href]):not([tabindex]):focus{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a:not([href]):not([tabindex]):focus{outline:0}pre,code,kbd,samp{font-family:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,liberation mono,courier new,monospace;font-size:1em}pre{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1rem;overflow:auto}figure{margin:0 0 1rem}img{vertical-align:middle;border-style:none}svg{overflow:hidden;vertical-align:middle}table{border-collapse:collapse}caption{padding-top:.75rem;padding-bottom:.75rem;color:#6c757d;text-align:left;caption-side:bottom}th{text-align:inherit}label{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:.5rem}button{border-radius:0}button:focus{outline:1px dotted;outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color}input,button,select,optgroup,textarea{margin:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}button,input{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}select{word-wrap:normal}button,[type=button],[type=reset],[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button}button:not(:disabled),[type=button]:not(:disabled),[type=reset]:not(:disabled),[type=submit]:not(:disabled){cursor:pointer}button::-moz-focus-inner,[type=button]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=reset]::-moz-focus-inner,[type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border-style:none}input[type=radio],input[type=checkbox]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}input[type=date],input[type=time],input[type=datetime-local],input[type=month]{-webkit-appearance:listbox}textarea{overflow:auto;resize:vertical}fieldset{min-width:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0}legend{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;padding:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:normal}progress{vertical-align:baseline}[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[type=search]{outline-offset:-2px;-webkit-appearance:none}[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-file-upload-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}output{display:inline-block}summary{display:list-item;cursor:pointer}template{display:none}[hidden]{display:none!important}body{font-size:1rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;padding-top:50px;background-color:#fff;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,segoe ui,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.home{padding-top:50px!important}.container-fluid{max-width:1230px;cursor:auto}.postid-555241 .container-fluid{max-width:100%}.postid-555241 .single-article article{max-width:100%;padding:0;margin:0}.postid-555241 .top-leaderboard-wrapper{margin-bottom:30px}@media(min-width:991px){.postid-555241 .in-article-wrapper,.postid-555241 .content-bottom-ad-wrapper{width:100%}}.postid-555241 .single-article .article-content p,.postid-555241 .single-article .article-content h1,.postid-555241 .single-article .article-content h2,.postid-555241 .single-article .article-content h3,.postid-555241 .single-article .article-content ul,.postid-555241 .single-article .article-content ol{max-width:100%!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-left:0!important}.postid-555241 .single-article .article-head,.postid-555241 .single-article .article-meta{max-width:100%;margin:0}.postid-555241 .single-article .small-hero{max-width:100%}.killings{margin:30px 0 0}.killings-item{padding:15px!important;border:1px solid #666}.killings-item-img{width:30%;float:right;margin-left:15px}.killings-item-img img{width:100%;max-width:none;height:auto;min-height:130px;max-height:130px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 10%}.fixed-width{max-width:1e3px;margin:0 auto}.admin-bar .fixed-top{top:32px}@media screen and (max-width:782px){.admin-bar .fixed-top{top:46px}}@media screen and (max-width:600px){#wpadminbar{position:fixed}}.modal{overflow-y:auto;cursor:auto}.modal-open{overflow:auto}.modal-open[style]{padding-right:0!important}.close{float:right;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #fff;opacity:.5}.close:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.close:not(:disabled):not(.disabled):hover,.close:not(:disabled):not(.disabled):focus{opacity:.75}button.close{padding:0;background-color:initial;border:0;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}.btn{display:inline-block;font-weight:400;color:#212529;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;background-color:initial;border:1px solid transparent;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;border-radius:.25rem;transition:color .15s ease-in-out,background-color .15s ease-in-out,border-color .15s ease-in-out,box-shadow .15s ease-in-out}.btn-success{color:#fff;background-color:#28a745;border-color:#28a745}.btn-success:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#218838;border-color:#1e7e34}.btn-success:focus,.btn-success.focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .2rem rgba(72,180,97,.5)}.btn-info{color:#fff;background-color:#17a2b8;border-color:#17a2b8}.btn-info:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#138496;border-color:#117a8b}.btn-info:focus,.btn-info.focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .2rem rgba(58,176,195,.5)}.btn-danger{color:#fff;background-color:#dc3545;border-color:#dc3545}.btn-danger:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#c82333;border-color:#bd2130}.btn-danger:focus,.btn-danger.focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .2rem rgba(225,83,97,.5)}.btn-login{color:#444;background-color:#cedfef;border-color:#cedfef}.btn-login:hover{color:#000;background-color:#cedfef;border-color:#cedfef}.btn-login:focus,.btn-login.focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .2rem rgba(225,83,97,.5)}.btn-link{font-weight:400;color:#007bff;text-decoration:none}.btn-link:hover{color:#0056b3;text-decoration:underline}.btn-link:focus,.btn-link.focus{text-decoration:underline;box-shadow:0 0}.btn-lg,.btn-group-lg>.btn{padding:.5rem 1rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5;border-radius:.3rem}.btn-sm,.btn-group-sm>.btn{padding:.25rem .5rem;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5;border-radius:.2rem}.btn-block{display:block;width:100%}.icon-default{width:16px;height:16px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:-.25em}p{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1rem}.small,small{font-size:80%;font-weight:400}dl,ol,ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1rem}ol ol,ol ul,ul ol,ul ul{margin-bottom:0}b,strong{font-weight:500}.btn{border-radius:.15rem}.text-left{text-align:left!important}.text-right{text-align:right!important}.text-center{text-align:center!important}.font-italic{font-style:italic!important}.bg-success{background-color:#28a745!important}a.bg-success:hover,a.bg-success:focus,button.bg-success:hover,button.bg-success:focus{background-color:#1e7e34!important}.bg-info{background-color:#17a2b8!important}a.bg-info:hover,a.bg-info:focus,button.bg-info:hover,button.bg-info:focus{background-color:#117a8b!important}.bg-warning{background-color:#ffc107!important}a.bg-warning:hover,a.bg-warning:focus,button.bg-warning:hover,button.bg-warning:focus{background-color:#d39e00!important}.bg-danger{background-color:#dc3545!important}a.bg-danger:hover,a.bg-danger:focus,button.bg-danger:hover,button.bg-danger:focus{background-color:#bd2130!important}.bg-white{background-color:#fff!important}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:0;color:#212529;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;speak:none;font-style:normal;letter-spacing:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none}h1{font-size:2.2rem;letter-spacing:-.5px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:5px}h2{font-size:1.3rem;letter-spacing:-.5px;font-weight:700}h3{font-size:1.2rem}h4{font-size:1rem}h5{font-size:.75rem}h6{font-size:.5rem}a,a:focus{color:#212529;outline:none;text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:none}.border{border:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-top{border-top:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-right{border-right:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-bottom{border-bottom:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-left{border-left:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-0{border:0!important}.border-top-0{border-top:0!important}.border-right-0{border-right:0!important}.border-bottom-0{border-bottom:0!important}.border-left-0{border-left:0!important}.clearfix::after{display:block;clear:both;content:""}@media(min-width:1200px){.border-xl-left{border-left:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-xl-right{border-right:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-xl-top{border-top:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-xl-bottom{border-bottom:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-xl-remove-left{border-left:0!important}.border-xl-remove-right{border-right:0!important}.border-xl-remove-top{border-top:0!important}.border-xl-remove-bottom{border-bottom:0!important}}@media(min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199px){.border-lg-left{border-left:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-lg-right{border-right:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-lg-top{border-top:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-lg-bottom{border-bottom:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-lg-remove-left{border-left:0!important}.border-lg-remove-right{border-right:0!important}.border-lg-remove-top{border-top:0!important}.border-lg-remove-bottom{border-bottom:0!important}}@media(min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){.border-md-left{border-left:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-md-right{border-right:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-md-top{border-top:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-md-bottom{border-bottom:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-md-remove-left{border-left:0!important}.border-md-remove-right{border-right:0!important}.border-md-remove-top{border-top:0!important}.border-md-remove-bottom{border-bottom:0!important}}@media(min-width:576px) and (max-width:767px){.border-sm-left{border-left:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-sm-right{border-right:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-sm-top{border-top:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-sm-bottom{border-bottom:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-sm-remove-left{border-left:0!important}.border-sm-remove-right{border-right:0!important}.border-sm-remove-top{border-top:0!important}.border-sm-remove-bottom{border-bottom:0!important}}@media(max-width:575px){.border-xs-left{border-left:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-xs-right{border-right:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-xs-top{border-top:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-xs-bottom{border-bottom:1px solid #cedfef!important}.border-xs-remove-left{border-left:0!important}.border-xs-remove-right{border-right:0!important}.border-xs-remove-top{border-top:0!important}.border-xs-remove-bottom{border-bottom:0!important}}.fade{transition:opacity .15s linear}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.fade{transition:none}}.fade:not(.show){opacity:0}.collapse:not(.show){display:none}.collapsing{position:relative;height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:height .35s ease}figure{margin-bottom:5px}figcaption,figure,main{display:block}audio,video{display:inline-block}img{vertical-align:middle}.size-auto,.size-full,.size-large,.size-medium,.size-thumbnail{max-width:100%;background-color:#fcfcfc;width:auto;height:auto;max-height:90vh}.float-left{float:left!important}.float-right{float:right!important}.float-none{float:none!important}.alignleft,.alignnone{display:inline;float:left;margin-right:1.5em}.alignright{display:inline;float:right;margin-left:1.5em}.aligncenter{clear:both;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-caption,.gallery-caption,.homepage-caption{color:#555;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:1.5em;max-width:100%;position:relative}.homepage-caption{font-size:.75rem}.wp-caption img,.gallery img{cursor:-moz-zoom-in;cursor:-webkit-zoom-in;cursor:zoom-in}.wp-caption a:hover:before,.gallery a:hover:before{}figure a,figure a img{outline:none;max-width:100%;height:auto}.wp-caption img[class*=wp-image-]{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-caption-text{margin:10px 50px 10px 0;letter-spacing:-.5px}.wp-caption-text strong{font-weight:400!important}@media(max-width:575px){.wp-caption-text{margin:10px 0}}.mejs-container{margin-bottom:1.5em}.mejs-controls a.mejs-horizontal-volume-slider,.mejs-controls a.mejs-horizontal-volume-slider:focus,.mejs-controls a.mejs-horizontal-volume-slider:hover{background:0 0;border:0}.gallery-icon{background:#111;padding:15px;text-align:center}.photo-icon{background:#fcfcfc;padding:15px;text-align:center}.gallery-icon img,.photo-icon img{margin:0 auto;width:auto;height:auto;max-height:90vh}.small-next,.small-prev,.autoplay-icon{width:20px;height:20px;display:inline-block;cursor:pointer;color:#444;vertical-align:-5px}.slidectrl{font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:10px;color:#444;text-align:right}.slidectrl .autoplay,.slidectrl .pause{cursor:pointer;margin-right:15px}.slidectrl .pause{display:none}.slidectrl .show{display:inline}.slidectrl .hide{display:none}.slick-slider button.mfp-close,button.mfp-arrow{z-index:1040!important}.mfp-bg{opacity:1!important;background:linear-gradient(to top,#000,rgba(0,0,0,.9))!important}.mfp-image-holder .mfp-close:hover,.mfp-iframe-holder .mfp-close:hover{opacity:1!important}.mfp-image-holder .mfp-close,.mfp-iframe-holder .mfp-close{font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:500;line-height:35px;height:35px;top:50px;width:35px!important;right:15px!important;padding:0!important;display:none;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center!important;color:#fff;outline:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,.35);-webkit-border-radius:.15rem;-moz-border-radius:.15rem;border-radius:.15rem;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;opacity:.5}.mfp-figure:hover .mfp-close:before,.mfp-figure:hover .mfp-close:before{visibility:visible;opacity:1;transition:visibility 0s linear .25s,opacity .25s linear}.mfp-content{}.mfp-figure:hover .mfp-bottom-bar{visibility:visible;opacity:1}.mfp-figure:after{background:0 0!important}.mfp-bottom-bar{padding:20px 20px 40px;margin-top:0!important;top:inherit!important;bottom:10px;background:linear-gradient(to bottom,transparent 0,rgba(0,0,0,.5) 10%,rgba(0,0,0,.85) 100%);left:0!important;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;transition:visibility 0s,opacity .5s linear}.mfp-counter{left:10px!important}.mfp-with-zoom .mfp-container,.mfp-with-zoom.mfp-bg{opacity:0;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:all .3s ease-out;-moz-transition:all .3s ease-out;-o-transition:all .3s ease-out;transition:all .3s ease-out}.mfp-with-zoom.mfp-ready .mfp-container{opacity:1}.mfp-with-zoom.mfp-ready.mfp-bg{opacity:.8}.mfp-with-zoom.mfp-removing .mfp-container,.mfp-with-zoom.mfp-removing.mfp-bg{opacity:0}.mfp-arrow{width:50px!important;height:56px!important;top:50%!important;color:#fff!important;border:none!important;position:absolute!important}.mfp-arrow:before{margin-top:0!important}.mfp-arrow-left{background:url(https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/magnific/angle-left.png?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1)no-repeat!important;width:50px;height:50px}.mfp-arrow-right{background:url(https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/magnific/angle-right.png?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1)no-repeat!important;width:50px;height:50px}.mfp-arrow.mfp-arrow-left{left:25px}.mfp-arrow.mfp-arrow-left:before{}.mfp-arrow.mfp-arrow-right{right:25px}.mfp-arrow.mfp-arrow-right:before{}.mfp-arrow:focus{outline:none}.mfp-arrow-left::after,.mfp-arrow-right::after{display:none!important}.mfp-arrow-left:before{margin-left:0!important;border-right:none!important}.mfp-arrow:before{border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;opacity:.8!important}.mfp-arrow:before:hover{opacity:1!important}.mfp-arrow-right:before{border-left:none!important}hr{border-top:1px solid #cedfef}.fixed-top{position:fixed;top:0;right:0;left:0;z-index:1030}.masthead{box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.1)0 0 5px 1px;height:50px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 250ms ease-in;-moz-transition:-moz-transform 250ms ease-in;-o-transition:-o-transform 250ms ease-in;transition:transform 250ms ease-in;background:#fff}.masthead-hidden{height:0;position:relative;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,-50px,0);-moz-transform:translate3d(0,-50px,0);-o-transform:translate3d(0,-50px,0);transform:translate3d(0,-50px,0);-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 250ms ease-out;-moz-transition:-moz-transform 250ms ease-out;-o-transition:-o-transform 250ms ease-out;transition:transform 250ms ease-out}.navbar{padding:0 15px;background:#fff;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;height:50px;position:relative;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-nav{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}.navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:static;float:none}.navbar-text{display:inline-block;padding-top:.5rem;padding-bottom:.5rem}.navbar-collapse{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.navbar-toggler{padding:.25rem .75rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1;background-color:initial;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:.25rem}.navbar-toggler:hover,.navbar-toggler:focus{text-decoration:none}.navbar-toggler-icon{display:inline-block;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;vertical-align:middle;content:"";background:no-repeat 50%;background-size:100% 100%}.navbar-collapse{background:#fff;box-shadow:0 6px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.navbar ul li{list-style:none}.navbar-toggler{font-size:1.25rem;border:none;outline:none;padding:0;line-height:1;background-color:initial}.navbar-toggler-icon{display:inline-block;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;vertical-align:middle;content:"";background:no-repeat 50%;background-size:100% 100%}.navbar-toggler:focus{outline:none}.navbar .navbar-toggler-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg%20viewBox='0%200%2032%2032'%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath%20stroke='rgba(68,%2068,%2068,%201)'%20stroke-width='2'%20stroke-linecap='round'%20stroke-miterlimit='10'%20d='M4%208h24M4%2016h24M4%2024h24'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.navbar .navbar-toggler{border-color:#444}.navbar .navbar-toggler-icon:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg%20viewBox='0%200%2032%2032'%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath%20stroke='rgba(000,%20000,%20000,%201)'%20stroke-width='2'%20stroke-linecap='round'%20stroke-miterlimit='10'%20d='M4%208h24M4%2016h24M4%2024h24'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.navbar .navbar-toggler:hover{border-color:#000}.navbar-brand{padding:0;margin:0;position:absolute;left:50%;top:40%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);width:230px;height:30px;flex-shrink:0;font-size:1.3rem}@media screen and (max-width:991px){.navbar-brand{width:150px;left:90px;top:14%;transform:none}}nav.navbar.min{height:50px}.min .navbar-brand{position:static;left:auto;top:auto;transform:none}.min .navbar-login{margin:10px 0 0;padding:0}@media screen and (max-width:782px){.fixed-top .navbar-collapse{max-height:667px;overflow-y:auto}}.navbar-brand img{width:100%;height:auto;padding:0}.navbar-menu{margin:0;padding:25px 15px 0;-webkit-column-count:4;-moz-column-count:4;column-count:4;-webkit-column-gap:1.25rem;-moz-column-gap:1.25rem;column-gap:1.25rem;orphans:1;widows:1}@media(max-width:576px){.navbar-menu{-webkit-column-count:1;-moz-column-count:1;column-count:1}}.navbar-menu a{color:#444}.navbar-menu a:hover{color:#000}ul.navbar-menu li{padding:0;margin:0 0 25px;border:none;display:inline-block;width:100%;position:relative;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;word-wrap:break-word;background-color:#fff;background-clip:border-box}ul.navbar-menu li a{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1;margin-bottom:5px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}ul.navbar-menu li ul a{text-transform:none;font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:normal;font-weight:300;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:0;font-style:normal}ul.navbar-menu li ul{padding:0;margin:15px 0 0}ul.navbar-menu li ul li{margin-bottom:8px;width:100%;line-height:1;display:block}.navbar-search{height:50px;width:225px;transition:ease .6s;padding-left:0;background:#fff;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end}@media(min-width:576px){.form-inline .form-control{display:inline-block;width:auto;vertical-align:middle}}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;height:calc(1.5em + .75rem + 2px);padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#495057;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #ced4da;border-radius:.25rem;transition:border-color .15s ease-in-out,box-shadow .15s ease-in-out}.navbar .navbar-search .search-icon{width:20px;height:20px}.navbar .navbar-search .search-text{margin:0 0 0 10px;font-size:.875rem;color:#fff}.search-form .form-group input.form-control::-webkit-input-placeholder{display:none}.search-form .form-group input.form-control::-moz-placeholder{display:none}.navbar-search form{width:100%;height:30px;overflow:hidden}.navbar-search .form-group{position:relative;width:0%;min-width:40px;height:30px;overflow:hidden;transition:width .25s cubic-bezier(.49,.37,.445,.715);-webkit-transition:width .25s cubic-bezier(.49,.37,.445,.715);-moz-transition:width .25s cubic-bezier(.49,.37,.445,.715);-o-transition:width .25s cubic-bezier(.49,.37,.445,.715);backface-visibility:hidden;margin:0}.navbar-search .form-group input.form-control{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;outline:1px solid #fff;width:100%;height:30px;padding:1px;margin:0;z-index:10;font-size:.925rem}.navbar-search input[type=text].form-control{border-radius:.15rem;height:30px;padding-left:10px}.navbar-search .form-control-submit,.navbar-search .search-label{width:40px;height:30px;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;padding:0 10px;margin:0;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;line-height:32px;background:#fff;font-size:1.125rem;border-radius:0}.navbar-search .search-label{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#444}.navbar-search .search-label:hover{color:#000}.navbar-search .form-control-submit{background:#fff;opacity:0;color:transparent;border:none;outline:none;z-index:-1}.navbar-search .search-label{z-index:90}.navbar-search .form-group.sb-search-open,.no-js .navbar-search .sb-search-open{width:100%}.navbar-search .form-group.sb-search-open .search-label,.no-js .navbar-search .sb-search .search-label{background:#09c;color:#fff;z-index:11}.navbar-search .form-group.sb-search-open .form-control-submit,.no-js .navbar-search .form-control .form-control-submit{z-index:90}.navbar .user-icon{width:12px;height:12px;color:#444}.navbar .user-icon:hover{color:#000}.navbar-login{position:absolute;right:15px}.navbar-login ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;text-align:right;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap}.navbar-login ul li{margin:0;flex-shrink:0}.navbar-login a{color:#444}.navbar-login a:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.navbar-login .display-name{font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:700;font-style:italic;display:block;margin:0}.navbar-login .username{font-size:.875rem;display:block}.navbar-login .btn{cursor:pointer;font-size:.875rem;padding:6px 10px;line-height:1;font-weight:500;margin:0 0 0 10px}@media screen and (max-width:576px){.navbar-login ul{max-width:100px}.navbar-login .btn{padding:3px 6px;line-height:1;font-weight:500;margin-left:2px;margin-top:-6px}}.navbar-login .subscribe{font-weight:500;padding:0;margin:0}.modal-open{overflow:hidden}.modal-open .modal{overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto}.modal{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:1050;display:none;width:100%;height:100%;overflow:hidden;outline:0}.modal-dialog{position:relative;width:auto;margin:.5rem;pointer-events:none}.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transition:-webkit-transform .3s ease-out;transition:transform .3s ease-out;transition:transform .3s ease-out,-webkit-transform .3s ease-out;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-50px);transform:translate(0,-50px)}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transition:none}}.modal.show .modal-dialog{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}.modal-content{position:relative;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:100%;pointer-events:auto;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:.3rem;outline:0}.modal-backdrop{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:1040;width:100vw;height:100vh;background-color:#000}.modal-backdrop.fade{opacity:0}.modal-backdrop.show{opacity:.5}.modal-header{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:1rem;border-bottom:1px solid #cedfef;border-top-left-radius:.3rem;border-top-right-radius:.3rem}.modal-header .close{padding:1rem;margin:-1rem -1rem -1rem auto}.modal-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.5}.modal-body{position:relative;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:auto;padding:1rem}.modal-footer{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;padding:1rem;border-top:1px solid #cedfef;border-bottom-right-radius:.3rem;border-bottom-left-radius:.3rem}.modal-footer>:not(:first-child){margin-left:.25rem}.modal-footer>:not(:last-child){margin-right:.25rem}.modal-scrollbar-measure{position:absolute;top:-9999px;width:50px;height:50px;overflow:scroll}@media(min-width:576px){.modal-dialog{max-width:500px;margin:1.75rem auto}.modal-dialog-scrollable{max-height:calc(100% - 3.5rem)}.modal-dialog-scrollable .modal-content{max-height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem)}.modal-dialog-centered{min-height:calc(100% - 3.5rem)}.modal-dialog-centered::before{height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem)}.modal-sm{max-width:300px}}@media(min-width:992px){.modal-lg,.modal-xl{max-width:800px}}@media(min-width:1200px){.modal-xl{max-width:1140px}}@media(min-width:576px){.modal-dialog{margin:30px auto}}.modal-dialog{max-width:500px;margin:30px auto;min-height:-webkit-calc(100vh - 60px);min-height:-moz-calc(100vh - 60px);min-height:calc(100vh - 60px);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-moz-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;overflow:auto}@media(max-width:768px){.modal-dialog{min-height:-webkit-calc(100vh - 20px);min-height:-moz-calc(100vh - 20px);min-height:calc(100vh - 20px)}}#loginModal .modal-title{margin:1.5rem 0 2rem}#loginModal{}#loginModal h2{color:#757575}#loginModal .modal-header{background:#fff;padding:10px 40px}#loginModal .close{float:right;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1;text-shadow:none;opacity:1;color:#000}#loginModal .modal-body{padding:10px 40px}#loginModal .modal-body p{color:#757575;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:2rem}#loginModal .modal-footer{font-size:.7rem;line-height:1}#loginModal .modal-body p.login-form-signup{padding-top:1.5rem;border-top:1px solid #cedfef}#loginModal .modal-body p.lost-password{margin-top:.25rem}#loginModal .mm-remember-me{color:#757575;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1}#loginModal label{margin:0}#loginModal form{margin:1rem 0}#loginModal .form-field{margin-top:1rem}#loginModal input[type=email],#loginModal input[type=password]{padding:10px}#loginModal .login-btn{width:150px;text-align:center;margin:0 auto}#loginModal .login-btn .btn{cursor:pointer}.top-leaderboard-wrapper{background:#fcfcfc;padding:30px 0;width:100%}.top-leaderboard{margin:0 auto;height:50px;width:320px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:768px) and (max-width:999px){.top-leaderboard{height:90px;width:728px}}@media(min-width:1000px){.top-leaderboard{height:250px;width:970px}}.ad-wrapper{width:100%;height:auto;margin-bottom:30px}.in-article-wrapper{width:100%;height:auto;text-align:center}@media(min-width:991px){.in-article-wrapper,.content-bottom-ad-wrapper{width:970px;min-height:250px;margin:0 auto;clear:both}.mbo{margin-bottom:0}.mbo .in-article-wrapper{min-height:0}}.sidebar-halfpage{max-width:300px;height:600px;margin:0 auto 0;text-align:center;padding:0 0 0}@media(min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199px){.sidebar-halfpage{max-width:none;width:100%;height:600px;margin:0 auto}}@media(min-width:576px) and (max-width:991px){.content-bottom-ad{height:280px}.sidebar-halfpage{max-width:none;width:100%;height:250px;margin:0 auto}}@media(max-width:575px){.sidebar-halfpage{max-width:none;width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto}}.article-category{margin:0 10px 15px 0;padding:0;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:16px;color:#09c;text-transform:uppercase;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.article-category a{color:inherit}.article-category a:hover{color:inherit;padding-bottom:2px;border-bottom:1px solid #000}.homepage .article-category{color:#09c;margin-bottom:3px}.homepage .article-category a:hover{color:inherit;padding-bottom:none;border-bottom:none}.article-author{font-size:.75rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25;margin-bottom:0;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:#757575}.article-author a{border-bottom:1px solid #d5d5d5;color:#757575;margin-right:5px}.article-author a:hover{border-bottom:none}.article-time{font-size:.75rem;font-weight:400;margin-right:2px;line-height:1;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:#757575}.homepage .article-time{letter-spacing:-.5px}.heading a,.heading span{font-size:1.75rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-1px;margin-bottom:5px;font-style:normal;font-weight:900;padding-bottom:2px;border-bottom:4px solid #09c}.heading a:hover{text-decoration:none}.heading{margin:0 0 30px}.top-story h2{font-size:1.75rem}.homepage h3{font-size:1rem}.lead-story{font-size:1.6rem!important}.big-story{font-size:3rem;margin-bottom:10px;font-weight:700}@media(min-width:768px){.big-story{font-size:4rem}}.today{width:100%;font-size:.75rem;padding:10px 0;margin:0 0 30px;font-weight:500}.today a{font-weight:500}.today ul{padding:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.breaking-alert,.guyana-oil,.guyana-elections-2020{border-radius:.15rem!important;text-transform:uppercase!important;font-weight:900!important;font-size:.75rem!important;padding:.15rem .85rem!important;line-height:1.75rem!important}.guyana-elections-2020{background:#fff;border:1px solid #eee}.breaking-alert{background:#d8070e;color:#fff;padding:.25rem 1rem!important;font-size:.85rem!important}article{padding:0 0 15px;margin:0 0 15px}article p{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25;margin:10px 0;color:#555}.homepage article footer{margin:10px 0 0}@media(min-width:768px){.remove-border-bottom-768px{border-bottom:0!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.homepage .other-news:last-child{border-bottom:0!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}}.card{position:relative;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;word-wrap:break-word;background-color:#fff;background-clip:border-box;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.125);border-radius:.25rem}.card-columns .card{margin-bottom:.75rem}@media(min-width:576px){.card-columns{-webkit-column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;column-count:3;-webkit-column-gap:1.25rem;-moz-column-gap:1.25rem;column-gap:1.25rem;orphans:1;widows:1}.card-columns .card{display:inline-block;width:100%}}.homepage .card{padding:0 10px 10px 0;border-radius:0;background-color:#fff;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid #fcfcfc;border-left:0;border-top:0;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}@media(max-width:575px){.homepage .card{display:block}}.homepage .cartoons article{margin:0;padding:0}.featured-cards{margin-bottom:30px;padding-bottom:30px}@media(min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199px){.featured-cards{-webkit-column-count:1;-moz-column-count:1;column-count:1}}@media(min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){}@media(min-width:576px) and (max-width:991px){.featured-cards{-webkit-column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;column-count:2}}@media(min-width:1200px){.featured-cards{-webkit-column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;column-count:2}}@media(max-width:991px) and (min-width:768px){}.homepage-sidebar-halfpage{padding:0 0 30px;margin:0 0 30px}.article-spacing{margin:0 0 30px;padding:0 0 30px}.homepage .letters .border-md-right:NTH-CHILD(3N){border-right:none!important}@media(min-width:991px){.homepage .letters .col-md-4:last-child>.border-bottom{border-bottom:none!important}}.homepage .around-the-world .more-item{margin:15px 0 0!important;padding:15px 0 0!important}.homepage .around-the-world .world-item-img{width:33%;margin:0 0 0 15px;float:right}@media(min-width:1199px){.homepage .around-the-world .lead-world-item{border-bottom:0!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.homepage .around-the-world .world-item-img{width:100%;margin:0 0 0 0;float:none}}.homepage .around-the-world .world-item:last-child{border-right:none!important}@media(max-width:767px){.homepage .around-the-world .col-12 .row .world-item:last-child .lead-world-item{border-bottom:0!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}}@media(min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199px){.homepage .around-the-world .world-item:nth-last-child(-n+3)>.lead-world-item{border-bottom:0!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}}@media(min-width:576px) and (max-width:991px){.homepage .sports .col-12 .row .border-right:last-child,.homepage .sports .col-12 .row .border-md-right:last-child{border-right:none!important}}@media(min-width:767px) and (max-width:991px){.homepage .letters .col-12:NTH-CHILD(n+4)>.more-item{border-bottom:0!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.homepage .more-sports{padding:30px 0 0;margin:30px 0 0}}.homepage .more-item{margin:0 0 15px;padding:0 0 15px}.homepage .sunday-item{margin:0 0 15px;padding:0 0 15px}@media(min-width:992px){.homepage .sunday-item:last-child{border-bottom:0!important}}.homepage .more-item:last-child{border-bottom:none!important}.homepage .sports .row .col-12:last-child>.border-bottom{border-bottom:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.homepage .other-world-items .row .col-lg-6:nth-child(even){border-right:none!important}.homepage .supp-img{float:left;margin-right:25px;width:25%}.homepage .wp-caption-text{margin:2px 0 2px 15px;text-align:right;float:right}.homepage .leadimage{text-align:center;width:100%;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px}@media(min-width:768px){.homepage .top-story-big .leadimage{width:50%;float:left;margin-right:45px}}.homepage .top-story-big p{font-size:1.5rem}.leadimage img{width:100%;max-width:none;height:auto;max-height:512px;min-height:240px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 10%}@media(min-width:1200px){.leadimage img{max-height:400px}}@media(min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199px){.leadimage img{max-height:300px}}@media(min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){.leadimage img{max-height:365px}}@media(max-width:767px){.leadimage img{max-height:365px}}.article-img100{width:100%;margin:0 0 5px;float:none}.article-img40{width:40%;margin:0 0 0 30px;float:right}.article-img30{width:30%;margin:0 0 0 15px;float:right}.article-img25{width:25%;margin:0 15px 0 0;float:left}@media(max-width:767px){.article-img40{width:33%;margin:0 0 0 15px}}.homepage img{width:100%;height:auto}.homepage .card:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.homepage .card-photo{width:40px;height:40px;float:right;margin-left:15px;margin-bottom:5px}.photo-post{background-color:#000;padding:15px;color:#d5d5d5!important}.photo-post .article-author{color:#d5d5d5}.homepage .photo-post a{color:#d5d5d5}.homepage .photo-post a:focus,.homepage .photo-post a:hover{color:#fff}.media-thumb{position:relative;text-align:center}.media-thumb img{height:auto;max-width:100%}.overlay-icon{position:absolute;display:inline-block;top:0;left:0;margin:7px;padding:9px 10px;z-index:10;color:#fff;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.3);font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;border-radius:.25rem;-webkit-border-radius:.25rem;-moz-border-radius:.25rem}.overlay-icon:hover{background-color:#000}.overlay-icon-small{}.overlay-icon a,.overlay-icon a:hover{color:#fff!important;text-decoration:none}.overlay-icon .icon-default{width:25px;height:25px}.media-section .post{padding-bottom:25px}.media-thumb img{}.todayspaper{margin:0 0 30px}.todayspaper .frontpage{max-width:275px;margin:30px auto;box-shadow:0 0 5px #dcdcdc}.todayspaper .frontpage img{width:100%}.todayspaper p{padding-bottom:0;font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.1;font-weight:400;margin:15px 0 0}.todayspaper .epaper-btn{margin:15px auto 0;text-align:center}.todayspaper .epaper-text{width:100%}.todayspaper .epaper-text a{text-decoration:underline}.todayspaper .epaper-btn a,.todayspaper .epaper-btn a:hover{color:#fff;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}.homepage .cartoons{margin:0 0 30px}.homepage .cartoon{max-width:400px;margin:0 auto;box-shadow:0 0 5px #dcdcdc}.homepage .misc{}.homepage .misc ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.homepage .all-latest{}.pagination{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-left:0;list-style:none;border-radius:.25rem}.page-link{position:relative;display:block;padding:.5rem .75rem;margin-left:-1px;line-height:1.25;color:#007bff;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #cedfef}.page-link:hover{z-index:2;color:#0056b3;text-decoration:none;background-color:#e9ecef;border-color:#cedfef}.page-link:focus{z-index:2;outline:0;box-shadow:0 0 0 .2rem rgba(0,123,255,.25)}.page-item:first-child .page-link{margin-left:0;border-top-left-radius:.25rem;border-bottom-left-radius:.25rem}.page-item:last-child .page-link{border-top-right-radius:.25rem;border-bottom-right-radius:.25rem}.page-item.active .page-link{z-index:1;color:#fff;background-color:#007bff;border-color:#007bff}.page-item.disabled .page-link{color:#6c757d;pointer-events:none;cursor:auto;background-color:#fff;border-color:#cedfef}.pagination-lg .page-link{padding:.75rem 1.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5}.pagination-lg .page-item:first-child .page-link{border-top-left-radius:.3rem;border-bottom-left-radius:.3rem}.pagination-lg .page-item:last-child .page-link{border-top-right-radius:.3rem;border-bottom-right-radius:.3rem}.pagination-sm .page-link{padding:.25rem .5rem;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5}.pagination-sm .page-item:first-child .page-link{border-top-left-radius:.2rem;border-bottom-left-radius:.2rem}.pagination-sm .page-item:last-child .page-link{border-top-right-radius:.2rem;border-bottom-right-radius:.2rem}.category-head{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;justify-content:start;padding:0 0 15px}.section-description p{margin:0}.menu--horizontal{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.menu--horizontal li{display:inline-block;margin-right:10px;padding-right:10px;border-right:1px solid #444}.menu--horizontal li:last-child{border:0;margin-right:0;padding-right:0}.archive-page{max-width:970px;margin:0 auto}.archive-page img{width:100%;height:auto}.search-page{max-width:750px}.category-page{max-width:100%}.archive-content{padding:30px 0 0}.error-404 p{margin:30px 0}.search-input-404{margin-bottom:60px}.archive-content ul a,.archive-content p a{font-weight:500;color:#0056b3}.archive-content ul a:hover,.archive-content p a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.archive-year{margin-bottom:30px}.archive-year h3{margin-bottom:15px}.category-child-list{margin-left:25px}.category-child-list ul li{padding:10px;margin:0;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1}.author-image{max-width:100%;max-height:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:15px;overflow:hidden}@media(min-width:768px){.author-image{max-width:150px;max-height:150px;margin-left:15px;margin-bottom:15px;overflow:hidden;float:right}}.author-image img{width:100%;height:auto}.single-article article{padding:30px 0 0}.single-article article header{margin:0 auto}.single-article .article-head{max-width:970px;margin:0 auto}.single-article .article-headline{margin:15px 0 30px}.single-article img{outline:none;max-width:100%;height:auto}.article-title,.category-title,.archive-title{font-size:3rem!important}.single-article .article-headline .article-subtitle{font-weight:500}@media(max-width:991px){.article-title,.category-title{font-size:1.9rem!important}}.single-article .hero-image{margin:0 auto 30px;width:100%;overflow:hidden}.single-article .small-hero{max-width:600px}.single-article .medium-hero{max-width:970px}.single-article .big-hero{max-width:1200px}.single-article .hero-image img{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:auto;height:auto;max-height:90vh;max-width:100%}.single-article .hero-image .wp-caption-text,.article-content .wp-caption-text{text-align:left;max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.single-article .article-meta{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;max-width:600px;margin:30px auto}.single-article .article-content{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.single-article .article-content p,.single-article .article-content ul,.single-article .article-content ol{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:300;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 40px;color:#000}.single-article .article-content p,.single-article .article-content h1,.single-article .article-content h2,.single-article .article-content h3,.single-article .article-content ul,.single-article .article-content ol,.single-article .article-content .aawp{max-width:600px!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}.single-article .article-content h2{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;font-size:1.8rem}.single-article .instagram-media,.single-article .fb-video{max-width:600px!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important;display:block!important}.single-article .embed-youtube{max-width:750px;width:100%}.video-container{margin:0 auto 30px;text-align:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;max-width:750px;width:100%}.video-container iframe,.video-container object,.video-container embed,.video-container video{max-width:100%}.single-article .article-content ul,.single-article .article-content ol{padding-left:50px;padding-right:50px}.single-article .article-content ul li,.single-article .article-content ol li{margin-bottom:.5rem}.single-article .in-article,.single-article .content-bottom-ad{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:30px}@media(min-width:1200px){.single-article .article-content figure.alignleft{}}@media(max-width:565px){.single-article .article-content .alignleft,.single-article .article-content .alignnone,.single-article .article-content .alignright{display:block;float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;clear:both}}.single-article .article-content a,.single-article .article-content a:hover{color:#444;border-bottom:1px solid #444;font-weight:500}.single-article .article-content a:hover{color:#000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;text-decoration:none}.single-article .article-content table{border:1px solid #cedfef;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:30px}.single-article .article-content table thead th{vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2px solid #cedfef}.single-article .article-content table th,.single-article .article-content table td{border:1px solid #cedfef;padding:.75rem;vertical-align:top}.single-article .article-content table tr:nth-of-type(odd){background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.025)}.article-toolbar{flex-shrink:0;margin-left:auto;border:1px solid #eee;border-radius:.25rem;padding:5px}.article-meta .bottom{margin-left:0;margin-right:auto}.article-toolbar a{color:#444;text-decoration:none!important}.article-toolbar a:hover,.article-toolbar a:focus{text-decoration:none!important;color:#999}.article-toolbar .btn{padding:0;margin-right:7px;border-radius:0;outline:none}.article-tool .btn:last-child{margin-right:0}a.btn-twitter:active,a.btn-twitter:hover{color:#00a0d1}a.btn-facebook:active,a.btn-facebook:hover{color:#3b5998}a.btn-facebookmsg:active,a.btn-facebookmsg:hover{color:#0084ff}a.btn-whatsapp:active,a.btn-whatsapp:hover{color:#25d366}.share-icons{width:20px;height:20px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:-.4em}@media(max-width:767px){.share-icons{width:18px;height:18px}.article-toolbar .btn{margin-right:5px;line-height:0}}.single-article .next-article a{position:fixed;top:47%;right:5px;z-index:999;-webkit-transition:background-color .3s linear;-moz-transition:background-color .3s linear;-o-transition:background-color .3s linear;transition:background-color .3s linear;color:#fff;font-size:30px;line-height:60px;display:block;height:60px;width:35px;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:middle;outline:none;background:rgba(100,100,100,.2);-webkit-border-radius:.15rem;-moz-border-radius:.15rem;border-radius:.15rem;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.single-article .next-article svg{margin-left:5px;margin-right:7px}.single-article .next-article a:active,.single-article .next-article a:hover,.single-article .next-article a:focus{background:#999;opacity:.8;text-decoration:none}.article-asides{width:100%;margin:0 auto;padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px}.single-photo .article-head,.single-photo .article-meta{max-width:100%}.single-photo .more-section{max-width:600px;margin:0 auto}.photo-gallery-content{margin:0 auto 20px;max-width:100%}.subscribe-fadeout{position:relative}.subscribe-fadeout:before{bottom:0;content:'';display:block;height:10rem;position:absolute;width:100%;background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,transparent 0,rgba(252,252,252,.5) 50%,#fcfcfc 100%);background:linear-gradient(to bottom,transparent 0,rgba(252,252,252,.5) 50%,#fcfcfc 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#fcfcfc',GradientType=0)}.subscribe-box{border-top:1px solid #cedfef;margin:0 auto 30px;position:relative;max-width:600px}.subscribe-box a,.subscribe-box a:hover{text-decoration:none}@media(max-width:575px){.subscribe-box{margin:25px 0}}.subscribe-box-header{font-size:1rem;display:inline-block;left:0;line-height:1;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center;top:-.65rem;font-weight:400;font-family:Georgia,serif;letter-spacing:normal;color:#333;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.subscribe-box-details{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:500;color:#333;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;margin:20px 0 0;text-align:center}.subscribe-box-header>span{background-color:#fcfcfc;padding:0 10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;font-size:1.1rem;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.subscribe-box-btns{margin:30px 0 0;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.subscribe-box-btns .btn{width:125px;font-weight:700;margin:0 15px;cursor:pointer}.subscribe-box-btns .no-sub-text p{font-size:.825rem;line-height:1;margin-left:40px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:5px}.subscribe-promote{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #cedfef;border-radius:.25rem;margin:0 0 40px}.subscribe-promote .sub-promo-img{padding:15px;text-align:center}.subscribe-promote .sub-promo-img img{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.subscribe-promote .sub-promo-text{margin-bottom:20px;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:center}.subscribe-promote .sub-promo-text p{margin:0!important;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1;-ms-flex:0 1 auto}.subscribe-promote .sub-promo-text h2{-ms-flex:0 1 auto}.subscribe-promote .sub-promo-options{padding:10px;display:inline-block;width:100%;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-bottom-right-radius:.25rem;border-bottom-left-radius:.25rem;background:#999;opacity:.9}.subscribe-promote .sub-promo-options:hover{background:#999;opacity:1}.subscribe-promote h4{margin-bottom:0}.subscribe-icon{width:50px;height:50px;display:inline-block}.related-posts,.more-section,.recommended,.comments,.around-the-web{padding:30px 0 0}.recommended{margin:30px 0 0}.around-the-web{padding:0}.more-section{margin:0 0 30px;padding:0 0 30px}.more-section-item{padding-top:30px}.more-section-img img{width:100%;height:auto}@media(max-width:575px){.more-section .row{margin-top:30px}.more-section-item{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.more-section .col-12:last-child>.more-section-item{padding:0;margin:0;border-bottom:0!important}.more-section-img{max-width:100px;float:right;margin-left:15px;margin-bottom:0}.more-section-img img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}}@media(min-width:576px){.more-section-img img{display:block;max-width:100%;max-height:250px;width:100%;height:auto}}.more-section-img{overflow:hidden}.more-section-text{-ms-flex:0 1 auto}.more-section-text p{font-size:.925rem!important;line-height:1.3!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-bottom:.75rem!important}@media(max-width:991px){.related-posts,.recommended,.comments,.single-article .trending,.around-the-web{max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}.related-posts{margin-bottom:30px}.related-list h2{font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:-.5px}.related-list{margin:30px 0 0}.related-item{padding:0 0 15px;margin:0 0 15px}.related-item:last-child{margin:0;border-bottom:none!important}.single-article .sidebar-halfpage-article{margin:0 0 30px}.page-template-subscribe,.page-template-default{padding-top:0;overflow-x:hidden}.wp-page .contain,.page-subscriber-signup fieldset{max-width:970px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin:0 auto!important}.wp-page header{margin:25px 0 50px!important}.page-advertise .ad-rates ul li{margin-bottom:.5rem}.page-advertise .ad-rates h2{margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:1rem}.page-advertise .lead{font-size:1.5rem!important;font-weight:400!important}.page-advertise small{line-height:.9}.page-advertise .w-33{margin-left:10px}.page-advertise .list-group-flush .list-group-item{border-bottom:0}.page-advertise .card-block ul li{margin-bottom:0}.page-advertise .advertise-header{padding-top:75px;padding-bottom:75px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;margin:0!important}.page-advertise .header-splash{background-image:url(/images/branding/hero-image-advertise.jpg?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1);background-position:50% 0;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:fixed;background-color:#f9f9f9;margin:0!important;height:500px}.page-advertise .advertise-header h1{font-size:3.75rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-2px}.page-advertise .display-4{font-size:3.25rem;font-weight:400}.page-advertise .advertise-intro{background:#d9edf7;padding:50px 0}.page-advertise .advertise-header-txt{padding:15px;background-color:#333;opacity:.6;filter:alpha(opacity=60)}.page-advertise .advertising-nav{padding-bottom:25px}.page-advertise .mockups{width:50%;flex-shrink:0;padding:0 15px}.page-advertise .mockups img{width:100%;height:auto}.page-advertise .intro-wrapper{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.page-advertise .intro-text{padding:0 15px}.page-advertise .advertise-audience{background:#f1f1f1;padding:30px 0 0}.page-advertise .audience-block{height:200px;padding:0 15px;background:#09c;color:#fff;margin-bottom:30px;-webkit-box-shadow:10px 10px 0 -4px rgba(102,102,102,.3);-moz-box-shadow:10px 10px 0 -4px rgba(102,102,102,.3);box-shadow:10px 10px 0 -4px rgba(102,102,102,.3);display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;flex-direction:column;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.page-advertise .audience-block svg{font-size:1.5rem;background:#008ab8;border-radius:50%;width:55px;height:55px;line-height:48px;padding:5px}.page-advertise .adsrow{padding-top:50px}.page-advertise table{font-size:.925rem;line-height:1.2}.page-advertise table figure{margin-bottom:2px!important}.page-advertise .classy-ads,.page-advertise .newsleter-ad,.page-advertise .print-ads{padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px}.page-advertise .print-ads table{max-width:340px;font-size:.875rem}.page-advertise .print-ads .table td,.page-advertise .print-ads .table th{padding:.25rem .75rem}@media(max-width:767px){.page-advertise .header-splash{background-position:50% 0;height:200px}.page-advertise .advertise-header{padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px}.page-advertise .advertise-header h1{font-size:2.75rem;font-weight:500}.page-advertise .display-4{font-size:2.25rem;font-weight:400}.page-advertise .advertise-intro{padding:25px 0}.page-advertise .mockups{width:75%;flex-shrink:0;padding:0 15px;margin:0 auto}.page-advertise .intro-wrapper{display:block}}#digitalspecs figure{width:175px}.page-subscriber-signup header{margin:0 0 30px!important;padding:30px 0}.page-subscriber-signup .splash-wrapper{margin:0;background:#dff0d8;padding:30px 0}.page-subscriber-signup .splash-wrapper,.page-subscriber-signup .subplans-wrapper{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(-50vw + 50%)}.page-subscriber-signup .subscribe-splash{max-width:400px;margin:0 auto}.page-subscriber-signup .subscribe-splash img{width:100%;height:auto}.page-subscriber-signup .subplans-wrapper{background:#f3f3f3;padding:30px 0}.page-subscriber-signup .subplans{padding-top:35px;line-height:1.1}.page-subscriber-signup .subscribers-block{height:200px;padding:0 15px;background:#d9edf7;margin-bottom:30px;-webkit-box-shadow:10px 10px 0 -4px rgba(102,102,102,.3);-moz-box-shadow:10px 10px 0 -4px rgba(102,102,102,.3);box-shadow:10px 10px 0 -4px rgba(102,102,102,.3);display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;flex-direction:column;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.page-subscriber-signup .subscribers-block svg{font-size:3rem;padding:0 0 5px;margin:0 0 10px;border-bottom:5px solid #666}.page-subscriber-signup .blockquote{font-size:.925rem;line-height:1.1}.page-subscriber-signup .blockquote-reverse{border-right:.25rem solid #666}.page-subscriber-signup .blockquote-footer{margin-top:5px!important}.blockquote-reverse .blockquote-footer::after{content:""!important}blockquote p{padding:0 40px}.page-subscriber-signup .splash-align{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.page-subscriber-signup ul li{margin-bottom:.25rem;font-size:.975rem;line-height:1;font-weight:400}#membership-wrapper{margin:25px 0 0}.membership-page-header,#membership-wrapper legend{font-size:2.5rem!important;letter-spacing:-1px}div.topbar{font-family:inherit!important;font-size:1.5rem!important;background-color:#b8e2e1!important}div.pricebox{border-radius:.15rem;margin-bottom:30px!important;position:relative;margin-top:0;float:left;background:#fff;width:99%;border:1px solid #ddd}.pricedetails{text-align:center!important;padding:30px 15px!important}div.priceboxes{position:relative;width:99%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;padding:20px 0 0}div.bottombar{background:#cedfef!important;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:15px!important;font-family:inherit!important;font-size:1.5rem!important;font-weight:400!important;position:relative;bottom:0;width:100%;color:#434343;overflow:hidden;margin-top:0}div.pricebox div.bottombar span.price{font-size:1.25rem!important;font-weight:400!important;margin-left:10px;float:left}div.priceboxes div.bottombar .link a{cursor:pointer;border:1px solid transparent;padding:.45rem 1rem;font-size:1rem;border-radius:.15rem;color:#fff!important;background-color:#5cb85c;border-color:#5cb85c}div.priceboxes div.bottombar .link a:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#449d44;border-color:#419641;text-decoration:none}#subscriptionbox-6 div.topbar{background-image:url(https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/graphics/mostpopularplan.png?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1);background-size:152px 40px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50%}@media(max-width:575px){#subscriptionbox-6 div.topbar{background-size:133px 35px;background-position:99%}}div.pricebox.upgradebox,.upgradefrom-8,.upgradefrom-7,.upgradefrom-6,.upgradefrom-5,.upgradefrom-4,.upgradefrom-3,.upgradefrom-2,.upgradefrom-1,.upgradefrom-0,.unsubbutton{display:none!important}div.topbar{position:relative;top:0;width:100%;background:#eee;text-align:left;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;color:#434343;font:700 19px Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;overflow:hidden}div.pricebox div.topbar span.title{margin-left:10px;float:left}#membership-wrapper input[type=button],#membership-wrapper input[type=reset],#membership-wrapper input[type=submit]{padding:.75rem}.search .search-form-wrapper{margin:0 0}.search .search-form-wrapper .form-control{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:500}.search-form-wrapper .btn-primary{margin-left:-.2rem;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:500;cursor:pointer}.refine-results .btn{cursor:pointer}.refine-results .dropdown-menu{width:360px;padding:1rem}.refine-results .dropdown-menu label{margin-bottom:0}.refine-results .dropdown-menu ul li{font-size:.975rem;margin-bottom:0}.search .result-txt{font-size:.875rem;font-style:italic;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:25px}#sort-results{margin-top:25px;font-size:1rem}#sort-results .active a{font-weight:500;color:#0275d8}#sort-results a{color:inherit}#sort-results a:hover{color:#0275d8}.search .search-results-header{padding:0;margin:0 0 25px}.search .search-highlight{background-color:#d3eaf9;font-weight:700}.trending{margin:0 0 30px;padding:0 0 30px}.trending article{padding:0;margin:0}.most-popular{padding:0;counter-reset:section}.most-popular a,.most-popular a:hover{color:#474747}.most-popular h4{margin-bottom:0}.most-popular ol{margin:0;padding-left:30px}.most-popular ol li{width:100%;display:block;margin:0!important;padding:15px 0}.most-popular ol li:last-child{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:none!important}.most-popular .list-group-item{padding:.5rem 3rem}.most-popular .list-group-item:first-child{border-top-left-radius:0}.trending-item{position:relative}.most-popular .trending-item:before{counter-increment:section;content:counter(section)"";position:absolute;top:17px;left:-30px;color:#fff;background-color:#09c;border-radius:100%;width:30px;height:30px;text-align:center;padding:2px 0 0 1px;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:700}.most-popular ol li:last-child{}.most-popular .most-popular-image{margin:0 0 0 10px;float:right;max-width:150px;width:33%}.most-popular img{width:100%;height:auto}.most-popular p{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:400}.most-popular-text{padding-left:8px}.most-popular-text h2{font-size:1.125rem;letter-spacing:-.5px}.promo-subs{margin-bottom:40px}.promo-subs .card{background-color:#fff!important}.promo-subs a,.promo-subs a:hover{color:#fff;font-weight:300}.promo-subs .promo-subs-img{width:150px;margin:25px auto}.promo-subs .promo-subs-img img{width:100%;height:auto}.most-popular-item{display:block;width:100%}input:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:transparent}input:focus:-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}input:focus::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}textarea:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:transparent}textarea:focus:-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}textarea:focus::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}.newsletter-signup{background:#fcfcfc;padding:15px 0;margin:60px 0 0;font-family:Georgia,Times,times new roman,serif}.newsletter-signup .row{position:relative}.newsletter-signup .row:before{content:"";position:absolute;background-image:url(/images/branding/stabroeknews_tower.png?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;width:75px;height:75px}@media(min-width:768px){.newsletter-signup .row:before{bottom:-15px;left:15px;width:140px;height:140px}}@media(max-width:767px){.newsletter-signup .row:before{left:50%;margin-left:-30px;top:-55px}.newsletter-text{text-align:center;padding-left:0!important;padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:15px}}.newsletter-signup .signup{font-size:2.4rem;font-weight:300;letter-spacing:-1px;margin-bottom:10px}.newsletter-text{padding-left:105px}.newsletter-signup p{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1;margin:0 0 5px}@media(max-width:992px){.newsletter-signup p{font-size:.75rem}.newsletter-signup .signup{font-size:1.6rem}}.newsletter-signup .btn,.newsletter-signup .input-group-addon,.newsletter-signup .form-control{font-size:1.25rem!important;font-weight:500!important}.newsletter-signup .btn-success{margin-left:-.2rem;cursor:pointer}.site-footer{margin:0;padding:30px 0;z-index:1030;background:#fff;box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.28)0 0 5px 1px;color:#444;font-size:1rem;line-height:1}.site-footer .container-fluid{background:0 0!important;padding-top:0!important}.site-footer a{color:#444}.site-footer a:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:underline}.site-footer ul{margin:0;list-style-type:none;padding:15px 0}.site-footer ul li{display:inline-block;letter-spacing:-1px;margin-right:30px}.site-footer .small li{margin-right:15px}.site-footer ul li:last-child{margin-right:0}.site-footer address{margin:0}.site-footer .footer-logo img{width:200px;height:auto}.site-footer .social{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end}.site-footer .social ul{text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0}.site-footer .social ul li{padding:0 15px 0 0;margin:0}.site-footer .social ul li:last-child{padding:0}.site-footer .social .social-icon{font-size:20px;margin:2px;color:#444;width:24px;height:24px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:-.125em}.site-footer .social a.facebook:hover{color:#3b5998!important}.site-footer .social a.twitter:hover{color:#00a0d1!important}.site-footer .social a.pinterest:hover{color:#910101!important}.site-footer .social a.instagram:hover{color:#c32aa3!important}.site-footer .social a.youtube:hover{color:#c4302b!important}@media(max-width:575px){.site-footer .footer-logo{text-align:center;margin:0 0 15px}.site-footer .social{justify-content:center}.site-footer ul{text-align:center}.site-footer ul li{margin-right:15px}}.scroll-to-top{background:#363636;background:rgba(100,100,100,.2);color:#fff;bottom:4%;cursor:pointer;display:none;position:fixed;right:5px;z-index:999;font-size:30px;text-align:center;line-height:35px;width:35px;border-radius:.15rem;-webkit-transition:background-color .3s linear;-moz-transition:background-color .3s linear;-o-transition:background-color .3s linear;transition:background-color .3s linear}.scroll-to-top:hover{background:#999;opacity:.8}.scroll-icon{width:32px;height:32px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:-.125em}.is_stuck{margin-top:140px}@media(max-width:575px){.hidden-xs-down,.hidden-sm-down,.hidden-md-down,.hidden-lg-down,.hidden-xl-down,.hidden-xs-up,.hidden-unless-sm,.hidden-unless-md,.hidden-unless-lg,.hidden-unless-xl{display:none!important}}@media(min-width:576px) and (max-width:767px){.hidden-sm-down,.hidden-md-down,.hidden-lg-down,.hidden-xl-down,.hidden-xs-up,.hidden-sm-up,.hidden-unless-xs,.hidden-unless-md,.hidden-unless-lg,.hidden-unless-xl{display:none!important}}@media(min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){.hidden-md-down,.hidden-lg-down,.hidden-xl-down,.hidden-xs-up,.hidden-sm-up,.hidden-md-up,.hidden-unless-xs,.hidden-unless-sm,.hidden-unless-lg,.hidden-unless-xl{display:none!important}}@media(min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199px){.hidden-lg-down,.hidden-xl-down,.hidden-xs-up,.hidden-sm-up,.hidden-md-up,.hidden-lg-up,.hidden-unless-xs,.hidden-unless-sm,.hidden-unless-md,.hidden-unless-xl{display:none!important}}@media(min-width:1200px){.hidden-xl-down,.hidden-xs-up,.hidden-sm-up,.hidden-md-up,.hidden-lg-up,.hidden-xl-up,.hidden-unless-xs,.hidden-unless-sm,.hidden-unless-md,.hidden-unless-lg{display:none!important}}.mc4wp-form-fields{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%}.mc4wp-form-fields input,.mc4wp-form-fields button{padding:.5rem .75rem;font-size:1rem}.mc4wp-form .input{vertical-align:middle;color:#464a4c;width:100%;margin-right:10px;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;-webkit-background-clip:padding-box;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15);border-radius:.25rem;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0;-webkit-transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,-webkit-box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,-webkit-box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;-o-transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,box-shadow ease-in-out .15s,-webkit-box-shadow ease-in-out .15s}.mc4wp-form input[type=submit]{color:#fff!important;background-color:#5cb85c;background-image:none;border-color:#5cb85c;cursor:pointer}.mc4wp-form .button{display:inline-block;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:.25rem;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease-in-out;-o-transition:all .2s ease-in-out;transition:all .2s ease-in-out}.mc4wp-form .submit-button:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#449d44;border-color:#419641}.video-player iframe{width:100%!important}.carnage{background:#cedfef;padding:30px}.carnage p{color:#000;font-weight:400}iframe.embed-pdf-viewer{margin:0 auto;display:block;border-style:none}@media only screen and (max-device-width:768px){iframe.embed-pdf-viewer{width:100%}}.slick-slider{position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;-webkit-touch-callout:none;-khtml-user-select:none;-ms-touch-action:pan-y;touch-action:pan-y;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}.slick-list{position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden;margin:0;padding:0}.slick-list:focus{outline:none}.slick-list.dragging{cursor:pointer;cursor:hand}.slick-slider .slick-track,.slick-slider .slick-list{-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-moz-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-ms-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-o-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.slick-track{position:relative;top:0;left:0;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.slick-track:before,.slick-track:after{display:table;content:''}.slick-track:after{clear:both}.slick-loading .slick-track{visibility:hidden}.slick-slide{display:none;float:left;height:100%;min-height:1px}[dir=rtl] .slick-slide{float:right}.slick-slide img{display:block}.slick-slide.slick-loading img{display:none}.slick-slide.dragging img{pointer-events:none}.slick-initialized .slick-slide{display:block}.slick-loading .slick-slide{visibility:hidden}.slick-vertical .slick-slide{display:block;height:auto;border:1px solid transparent}.slick-arrow.slick-hidden{display:none}.slick-loading .slick-list{background:#fff url(https://s1.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/slick/ajax-loader.gif)50% no-repeat}@font-face{font-display:optional;font-family:slick;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;src:url(https://s1.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/slick/fonts/slick.eot);src:url(https://s1.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/slick/fonts/slick.eot?#iefix)format('embedded-opentype'),url(https://s1.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/slick/fonts/slick.woff)format('woff'),url(https://s1.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/slick/fonts/slick.ttf)format('truetype'),url(https://s1.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/slick/fonts/slick.svg#slick)format('svg')}.slick-prev,.slick-next{font-size:0;line-height:0;position:absolute;top:50%;display:block;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;-webkit-transform:translate(0,-50%);-ms-transform:translate(0,-50%);transform:translate(0,-50%);cursor:pointer;color:transparent;border:none;outline:none;background:0 0}.slick-prev:hover,.slick-prev:focus,.slick-next:hover,.slick-next:focus{color:transparent;outline:none;background:0 0}.slick-prev:hover:before,.slick-prev:focus:before,.slick-next:hover:before,.slick-next:focus:before{opacity:1}.slick-prev.slick-disabled:before,.slick-next.slick-disabled:before{opacity:.25}.slick-prev:before,.slick-next:before{font-family:slick;font-size:20px;line-height:1;opacity:.75;color:#fff;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.slick-prev{left:-25px}[dir=rtl] .slick-prev{right:-25px;left:auto}.slick-prev:before{content:'←'}[dir=rtl] .slick-prev:before{content:'→'}.slick-next{right:-25px}[dir=rtl] .slick-next{right:auto;left:-25px}.slick-next:before{content:'→'}[dir=rtl] .slick-next:before{content:'←'}.slick-dotted.slick-slider{margin-bottom:30px}.slick-dots{position:absolute;bottom:-25px;display:block;width:100%;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;text-align:center}.slick-dots li{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:20px;height:20px;margin:0 5px;padding:0;cursor:pointer}.slick-dots li button{font-size:0;line-height:0;display:block;width:20px;height:20px;padding:5px;cursor:pointer;color:transparent;border:0;outline:none;background:0 0}.slick-dots li button:hover,.slick-dots li button:focus{outline:none}.slick-dots li button:hover:before,.slick-dots li button:focus:before{opacity:1}.slick-dots li button:before{font-family:slick;font-size:6px;line-height:20px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:20px;height:20px;content:'•';text-align:center;opacity:.25;color:#000;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.slick-dots li.slick-active button:before{opacity:.75;color:#000}.mfp-bg{top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1042;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;background:#0b0b0b;opacity:.8}.mfp-wrap{top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1043;position:fixed;outline:none!important;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden}.mfp-container{text-align:center;position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;top:0;padding:0 8px;box-sizing:border-box}.mfp-container:before{content:'';display:inline-block;height:100%;vertical-align:middle}.mfp-align-top .mfp-container:before{display:none}.mfp-content{position:relative;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 auto;text-align:left;z-index:1045}.mfp-inline-holder .mfp-content,.mfp-ajax-holder .mfp-content{width:100%;cursor:auto}.mfp-ajax-cur{cursor:progress}.mfp-zoom-out-cur,.mfp-zoom-out-cur .mfp-image-holder .mfp-close{cursor:-moz-zoom-out;cursor:-webkit-zoom-out;cursor:zoom-out}.mfp-zoom{cursor:pointer;cursor:-webkit-zoom-in;cursor:-moz-zoom-in;cursor:zoom-in}.mfp-auto-cursor .mfp-content{cursor:auto}.mfp-close,.mfp-arrow,.mfp-preloader,.mfp-counter{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none}.mfp-loading.mfp-figure{display:none}.mfp-hide{display:none!important}.mfp-preloader{color:#ccc;position:absolute;top:50%;width:auto;text-align:center;margin-top:-.8em;left:8px;right:8px;z-index:1044}.mfp-preloader a{color:#ccc}.mfp-preloader a:hover{color:#fff}.mfp-s-ready .mfp-preloader{display:none}.mfp-s-error .mfp-content{display:none}button.mfp-close,button.mfp-arrow{overflow:visible;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;-webkit-appearance:none;display:block;outline:none;padding:0;z-index:1046;box-shadow:0 0;touch-action:manipulation}button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}.mfp-close{width:44px;height:44px;line-height:44px;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;opacity:.65;padding:0 0 18px 10px;color:#fff;font-style:normal;font-size:28px;font-family:Arial,Baskerville,monospace}.mfp-close:hover,.mfp-close:focus{opacity:1}.mfp-close:active{top:1px}.mfp-close-btn-in .mfp-close{color:#333}.mfp-image-holder .mfp-close,.mfp-iframe-holder .mfp-close{color:#fff;right:-6px;text-align:right;padding-right:6px;width:100%}.mfp-counter{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;color:#ccc;font-size:12px;line-height:18px;white-space:nowrap}.mfp-arrow{position:absolute;opacity:.65;margin:0;top:50%;margin-top:-55px;padding:0;width:90px;height:110px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}.mfp-arrow:active{margin-top:-54px}.mfp-arrow:hover,.mfp-arrow:focus{opacity:1}.mfp-arrow:before,.mfp-arrow:after{content:'';display:block;width:0;height:0;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;margin-top:35px;margin-left:35px;border:inset transparent}.mfp-arrow:after{border-top-width:13px;border-bottom-width:13px;top:8px}.mfp-arrow:before{border-top-width:21px;border-bottom-width:21px;opacity:.7}.mfp-arrow-left{left:0}.mfp-arrow-left:after{border-right:17px solid #fff;margin-left:31px}.mfp-arrow-left:before{margin-left:25px;border-right:27px solid #3f3f3f}.mfp-arrow-right{right:0}.mfp-arrow-right:after{border-left:17px solid #fff;margin-left:39px}.mfp-arrow-right:before{border-left:27px solid #3f3f3f}.mfp-iframe-holder{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:40px}.mfp-iframe-holder .mfp-content{line-height:0;width:100%;max-width:900px}.mfp-iframe-holder .mfp-close{top:-40px}.mfp-iframe-scaler{width:100%;height:0;overflow:hidden;padding-top:56.25%}.mfp-iframe-scaler iframe{position:absolute;display:block;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;box-shadow:0 0 8px rgba(0,0,0,.6);background:#000}img.mfp-img{width:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;line-height:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:40px 0;margin:0 auto}.mfp-figure{line-height:0}.mfp-figure:after{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;top:40px;bottom:40px;display:block;right:0;width:auto;height:auto;z-index:-1;box-shadow:0 0 8px rgba(0,0,0,.6);background:#444}.mfp-figure small{color:#bdbdbd;display:block;font-size:12px;line-height:14px}.mfp-figure figure{margin:0}.mfp-bottom-bar{margin-top:-36px;position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;width:100%;cursor:auto}.mfp-title{text-align:left;line-height:18px;color:#f3f3f3;word-wrap:break-word;padding-right:36px}.mfp-image-holder .mfp-content{max-width:100%}.mfp-gallery .mfp-image-holder .mfp-figure{cursor:pointer}@media screen and (max-width:800px) and (orientation:landscape),screen and (max-height:300px){.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-image-holder{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.mfp-img-mobile img.mfp-img{padding:0}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-figure:after{top:0;bottom:0}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-figure small{display:inline;margin-left:5px}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-bottom-bar{background:rgba(0,0,0,.6);bottom:0;margin:0;top:auto;padding:3px 5px;position:fixed;box-sizing:border-box}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-bottom-bar:empty{padding:0}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-counter{right:5px;top:3px}.mfp-img-mobile .mfp-close{top:0;right:0;width:35px;height:35px;line-height:35px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.6);position:fixed;text-align:center;padding:0}}@media all and (max-width:900px){.mfp-arrow{-webkit-transform:scale(.75);transform:scale(.75)}.mfp-arrow-left{-webkit-transform-origin:0;transform-origin:0}.mfp-arrow-right{-webkit-transform-origin:100%;transform-origin:100%}.mfp-container{padding-left:6px;padding-right:6px}}</style><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=x-ua-compatible content="IE=edge"><link rel="shortcut icon" href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/favicon.ico><link rel=apple-touch-icon href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=57x57 href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=72x72 href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=76x76 href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=114x114 href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=120x120 href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=144x144 href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=152x152 href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon sizes=180x180 href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/icons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,user-scalable=no"><meta name=robots content="index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1"><style>img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3e3px 1500px}</style><title>History This Week - Stabroek News</title><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:title" content="History This Week - Stabroek News"><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Stabroek News"><meta property="og:image" content="https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2019/06/sn-article-default.png"><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"><meta property="og:image:height" content="800"><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"><meta name=twitter:card content="summary_large_image"><meta name=twitter:site content="@stabroeknews"> <script type=application/ld+json class=yoast-schema-graph>{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/","url":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/","name":"History This Week - Stabroek News","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/08/20120816ship.jpg","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/#primaryimage","url":"https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/08/20120816ship.jpg","contentUrl":"https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/08/20120816ship.jpg","width":216,"height":246},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Daily Features","item":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"History This Week"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/#website","url":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/","name":"Stabroek News","description":"Guyana news, sports, business, breaking news","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/#organization","name":"Stabroek News","url":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2021/05/sn2020_publisherlogo.png","contentUrl":"https://s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2021/05/sn2020_publisherlogo.png","width":460,"height":60,"caption":"Stabroek News"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.stabroeknews.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/stabroeknews","https://x.com/stabroeknews","https://www.instagram.com/stabroeknews/","https://pinterest.com/stabroeknews","https://www.youtube.com/stabroeknews","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabroek_News"]}]}</script> <link rel=dns-prefetch href=//www.googletagmanager.com><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//stats.wp.com><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="Stabroek News » Feed" href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/feed/><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml title="Stabroek News » History This Week Category Feed" href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/feed/><style id=co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css>.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline}</style><style id=co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css>.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto}</style><style id=co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css>.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto}</style><link rel=stylesheet id=mediaelement-css href="https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ezmin=true&amp;ff=1&amp;wps=true&amp;ez_used_css_s=14" media=all><link rel=stylesheet id=wp-mediaelement-css href="https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ezmin=true&amp;ff=1&amp;wps=true&amp;ez_used_css_s=14" media=all><style id=jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css>.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}</style><style id=classic-theme-styles-inline-css>/*!This file is auto-generated*/.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:0 0;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px)calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id=global-styles-inline-css>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.is-layout-flex>:is(*,div){margin:0}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid}.is-layout-grid>:is(*,div){margin:0}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple)!important}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red)!important}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray)!important}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum)!important}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple)!important}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux)!important}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk)!important}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean)!important}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass)!important}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight)!important}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small)!important}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium)!important}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large)!important}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large)!important}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em}:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.6}</style> <script defer src=https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js id=jquery-core-js></script> <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=GT-PB64J8B" id=google_gtagjs-js async></script> <script id=google_gtagjs-js-after>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["www.stabroeknews.com"]});gtag("js",new Date());gtag("set","developer_id.dZTNiMT",true);gtag("config","GT-PB64J8B");</script> <script defer src=https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/js/bootstrap.min.js id=bootstrap-js-js></script> <link rel=https://api.w.org/ href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-json/><link rel=alternate title=JSON type=application/json href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/90><style>.aawp .aawp-tb__row--highlight{background-color:#256aaf}.aawp .aawp-tb__row--highlight{color:#fff}.aawp .aawp-tb__row--highlight a{color:#fff}</style><meta name=generator content="Site Kit by Google 1.140.0"><style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-33015976-1"></script> <script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js',new Date());gtag('config','UA-33015976-1');</script> <script>var ezoTemplate='pub_site';var ezouid='1';var ezoFormfactor='1';</script><script data-ezscrex=false>var soc_app_id='0';var did=376668;var ezdomain='stabroeknews.com';var ezoicSearchable=1;</script> <script data-cfasync=false>__ez.queue.addFile('/tardisrocinante/lazy_load.js','/tardisrocinante/lazy_load.js?gcb=0&cb=6',false,[],true,false,true,false);</script> <link rel=preload as=image href=https://s1.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/slick/ajax-loader.gif> <link rel=preload as=image href="https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/magnific/angle-left.png?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1"> <link rel=preload as=image href="https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/magnific/angle-right.png?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1"> <link rel=preload as=image href="/images/branding/hero-image-advertise.jpg?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1"> <link rel=preload as=image href="https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/graphics/mostpopularplan.png?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1"> <link rel=preload as=image href="/images/branding/stabroeknews_tower.png?ezimgfmt=ng%3Awebp%2Fngcb1"> <link rel=canonical href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/></head><body class="archive category category-history-this-week category-90 aawp-custom"><header id=nav class="masthead bg-white fixed-top"><nav class="navbar container-fluid"> <a class=navbar-brand href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/> <img data-no-lazy=1 src=https://www.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/sn_logo2020.png alt="Stabroek News" width=230 height=30 ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1"> </a><div class="d-flex flex-row order-first"> <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarSupportedContent aria-controls=navbarSupportedContent aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span> </button><div class="navbar-search form-inline"><form class=search-form role=search action=https://www.stabroeknews.com/><div class="form-group alignleft" id=search> <input name=s class=form-control placeholder="Search Stabroek News" aria-label="Search Stabroek News" required> <button class=form-control-submit>Submit</button> <span class=search-label><svg class="search-icon" aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fa" data-icon="search" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" data-fa-i2svg=""> <path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path> </svg> </span></div></form></div></div><div class="navbar-login ml-auto"><ul> <li class=hidden-xs-down><a class="btn btn-link subscribe" role=button aria-label="Subscribe Now" title="Subscribe Now" href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/subscribers/register/>Subscribe for just 27¢ a day</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-login" role=button href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-login.php aria-label="Log In" title="Log In">Log In</a></li></ul></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarSupportedContent><ul class="navbar-menu border-top"><li id=menu-item-544642 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-544642"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/news/guyana/>Guyana News</a><ul class=sub-menu> <li id=menu-item-549063 class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-549063"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/topics/guyana-elections-2020/>Elections 2020</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544643 class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-544643"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/topics/guyana-oil/>Oil & Gas News</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544637 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544637"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/photos/>Photos</a></li></ul> </li> <li id=menu-item-544644 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-544644"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/opinion/>Opinion</a><ul class=sub-menu> <li id=menu-item-544646 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544646"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/opinion/editorial/>Editorial</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544647 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544647"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/opinion/letters/>Letters to the Editor</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544648 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544648"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/opinion/cartoon/>Cartoons</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544645 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544645"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/opinion/politikles/>Politikles</a></li></ul> </li> <li id=menu-item-544717 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-544717"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sports/>Sports</a><ul class=sub-menu> <li id=menu-item-544712 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544712"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sports/basketball/>Basketball</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544713 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544713"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sports/boxing/>Boxing</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544714 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544714"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sports/cricket/>Cricket</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544715 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544715"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sports/cycling/>Cycling</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544716 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544716"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sports/football/>Football</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544718 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544718"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sports/rugby/>Rugby</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544719 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544719"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sports/track-and-field/>Track and Field</a></li></ul> </li> <li id=menu-item-544633 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-544633"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/news/regional/>Regional News</a><ul class=sub-menu> <li id=menu-item-544640 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544640"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/news/regional/barbados/>Barbados News</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544641 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544641"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/news/regional/jamaica/>Jamaica News</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544636 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544636"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/news/regional/trinidad/>Trinidad News</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544634 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544634"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/news/world/>World</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544638 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544638"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/entertainment/>Entertainment</a></li></ul> </li> <li id=menu-item-544720 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-544720"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/>Stabroek Weekend</a><ul class=sub-menu> <li id=menu-item-544789 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544789"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/the-week-in-review/>The Week in Review</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544745 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544745"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/arts-on-sunday/>Arts on Sunday</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544746 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544746"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/business-page/>Business Review</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544747 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544747"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/chess-with-errol/>Chess with Errol</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544748 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544748"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/conversation-tree/>Conversation Tree</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544749 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544749"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/expert-advice/>Expert Advice</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544750 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544750"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/fitness-and-nutrition/>Fitness and Nutrition</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544751 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544751"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/guyana-and-the-wider-world/>Guyana and the Wider World</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544752 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544752"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/ian-on-sunday/>Ian on Sunday</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544753 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544753"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/in-good-taste/>In Good Taste</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544754 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544754"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/in-search-of-west-indies-cricket/>In Search of West Indies Cricket</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544755 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544755"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/in-the-garden/>In The Garden</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544756 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544756"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/in-the-rainforest/>In the Rainforest</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544757 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544757"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/infrastrucure-insight/>Infrastructure Insight</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544758 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544758"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/making-a-living/>Making a Living</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544759 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544759"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/mind-your-health/>Mind Your Health</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544760 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544760"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/mindful-living/>Mindful Living</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544761 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544761"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/pet-corner/>Pet Corner</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544762 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544762"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/so-it-go/>So It Go</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544763 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544763"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/straight-talk-from-minerva/>Straight Talk From Minerva</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544764 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544764"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/sunday-style/>Sunday Style</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544796 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544796"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/tastes-like-home/>Tastes Like Home</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544797 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544797"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/the-last-word/>The Last Word</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544765 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544765"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/beyond-gt/>The World Beyond Georgetown</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544766 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544766"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/the-writers-room/>The Writers’ Room</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544767 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544767"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/womens-chronicles/>Women’s Chronicles</a></li></ul> </li> <li id=menu-item-544768 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-category-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-544768"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/>Daily Features</a><ul class=sub-menu> <li id=menu-item-544770 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544770"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/accountability-watch/>Accountability Watch</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544771 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544771"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/ask-the-consul/>Ask the Consul</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544772 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544772"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/development-watch/>Development Watch</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544773 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544773"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/elections-corner/>Elections Corner</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544774 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544774"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/first-person-singular/>First Person Singular</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544775 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544775"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/for-de-record/>For De Record</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544776 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544776"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/frankly-speaking/>Frankly Speaking</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544777 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544777"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/future-notes/>Future Notes</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544778 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544778"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/health-and-wellness/>Health and Wellness</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544779 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-544779"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/ aria-current=page>History This Week</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544780 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544780"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/in-the-diaspora/>In The Diaspora</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544781 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544781"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/latin-view/>Latin View</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544769 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544769"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/30-years-of-stabroek-news/>30 Years of Stabroek News</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544782 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544782"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/obituaries/>Obituaries</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544783 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544783"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/project-syndicate/>Project Syndicate</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544784 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544784"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/sunday/reel-encounters/>Reel Encounters</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544785 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544785"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/stella-says/>Stella Says</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544786 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544786"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/the-minority-report/>The Minority Report</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544787 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544787"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/the-road-to-first-oil/>The Road To First Oil</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544788 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544788"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/the-view-from-europe/>The View From Europe</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544790 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544790"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/think-on-that/>Think on That</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544791 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544791"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/transparency-institute/>Transparency Institute</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544792 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544792"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/ways-of-looking-feeling/>Ways of Looking & Feeling</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544793 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544793"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/what-the-people-say/>What the People Say About</a></li></ul> </li> <li id=menu-item-544795 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-544795"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/the-scene/>The Scene</a><ul class=sub-menu> <li id=menu-item-544794 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544794"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/the-scene/culture-box/>Culture Box</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544798 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544798"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/the-scene/the-scene-cartoon/>The Scene Cartoon</a></li></ul> </li> <li id=menu-item-544799 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-544799"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/business/>Business</a><ul class=sub-menu> <li id=menu-item-544802 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544802"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/business/fashioning-change/>Fashioning Change</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544801 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544801"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/business/business-editorials/>Business Editorial</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544800 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544800"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/business/business-cartoons/>Business Cartoons</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544803 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544803"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/business/stock-market-updates/>Stock Market Updates</a></li></ul> </li> <li id=menu-item-544804 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544804"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/guyana-review/>Guyana Review</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544805 class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-544805"><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/lifestyle/>Lifestyle</a></li> <li id=menu-item-544806 class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-544806"><a href=https://classifieds.stabroeknews.com/>Stabroek Classifieds</a></li></ul></div></nav></header><div class="modal fade" id=loginModal tabindex=-1 role=dialog aria-labelledby=SiteLogin aria-hidden=true><div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role=document><div class=modal-content><div class=modal-header><div class=modal-image> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%22230%22%20height=%2230%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" width=230 height=30 alt="Stabroek News" ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" class=ezlazyload data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/sn_logo2020.png></a></div> <button type=button class=close data-dismiss=modal aria-label=Close><svg aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="times" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 352 512" class="icon-default svg-inline--fa fa-times fa-w-11 fa-3x"><path fill="currentColor" d="M242.72 256l100.07-100.07c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48l-22.24-22.24c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L176 189.28 75.93 89.21c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L9.21 111.45c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48L109.28 256 9.21 356.07c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48l22.24 22.24c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0L176 322.72l100.07 100.07c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0l22.24-22.24c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48L242.72 256z" class=""></path></svg> </button></div><div class=modal-body><h2 class="modal-title text-center" id=SiteLogin>Log into your account</h2><p>Log in for full access to stabroeknews.com. You can also post comments, and manage your email subscription.</p><form action="https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stabroeknews.com%2F2012%2F08%2F16%2Ffeatures%2Fhistory-this-week%2Fthe-history-of-the-berbice-railway-line-mahaica-blairmont-link-1889-1900%2F" method=post name=loginform><div class=form-field> <input id=inputEmail class=form-control placeholder="Username or Email address" required autofocus name=log></div><div class=form-field> <input type=password id=inputPassword class=form-control placeholder=Password required name=pwd></div><div class=form-field> <label for=rememberme class=mm-remember-me> <input name=rememberme id=rememberme type=checkbox checked value=forever> Keep me logged in. (Uncheck if you are using a shared device). </label></div><p class="lost-password text-right text-muted"><a href="https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-login.php?action=lostpassword">Lost your password?</a></p><div class=login-btn> <button name=wp-submit class="btn btn-login">Login</button></div><p class=text-center><strong>Only one active session is allowed per subscriber.</strong></p><p class="login-form-signup text-center">You don't have an account? <strong><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/subscribers/register/>Sign Up</a></strong></p></form></div><div class=modal-footer> <span><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/terms-of-service/>Terms of Service</a></span> | <span><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/privacy/>Privacy Policy</a></span></div></div></div></div><span id=ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-623></span><span data-ez-ph-id=623></span><div class=container-fluid><main id=content class=archive-page><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=archive-content><header class="border-bottom mb-4 pb-4"><div class=article-category><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/>Daily Features</a></div><div class=category-head><h1 class=category-title> History This Week</h1></div></header><div class=row><div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8"><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class="leadimage homepage-caption"> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2012/08/16/features/history-this-week/the-history-of-the-berbice-railway-line-mahaica-blairmont-link-1889-1900/ title="The history of the Berbice Railway Line, Mahaica-Blairmont link, 1889-1900"> <img width=216 height=246 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%22216%22%20height=%22246%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt decoding=async fetchpriority=high data-ezsrcset="https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/08/20120816ship.jpg 216w,https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/08/20120816ship-88x100.jpg 88w" sizes="(max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px" ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1 srcset" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/08/20120816ship.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2012/08/16/features/history-this-week/the-history-of-the-berbice-railway-line-mahaica-blairmont-link-1889-1900/>The history of the Berbice Railway Line, Mahaica-Blairmont link, 1889-1900</a></h2></header><p>Part One   By Shammane Joseph This article is the first of a two-part series that will look at the completion of the Mahaica-Blairmont railway line from 1899-1900.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2012-08-16T05:01:09-04:00>August 16, 2012</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class="leadimage homepage-caption"> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2012/04/05/features/history-this-week/legislative-acts-as-a-form-of-social-control-%e2%80%93-british-emergency-detention-bill-and-the-preventive-detention-act-1966-1991/ title="Legislative acts as a form of social control – British Emergency Detention Bill and the Preventive Detention Act, 1966-1991"> <img width=178 height=203 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%22178%22%20height=%22203%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt decoding=async data-ezsrcset="https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/04/history-this-week.jpg 178w,https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/04/history-this-week-88x100.jpg 88w" sizes="(max-width: 178px) 100vw, 178px" ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1 srcset" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/04/history-this-week.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2012/04/05/features/history-this-week/legislative-acts-as-a-form-of-social-control-%e2%80%93-british-emergency-detention-bill-and-the-preventive-detention-act-1966-1991/>Legislative acts as a form of social control – British Emergency Detention Bill and the Preventive Detention Act, 1966-1991</a></h2></header><p>Part Two By Shammane Joseph This article was supposed to be a two part series however due to added information it is now a four-part series.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2012-04-05T05:02:34-04:00>April 5, 2012</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class="leadimage homepage-caption"> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2012/03/29/features/history-this-week/legislative-acts-as-a-form-of-social-control-british-emergency-detention-bill-and-the-preventive-detention-act-1966-1991/ title="Legislative acts as a form of social control – British emergency detention bill and the preventive detention act, 1966-1991"> <img width=178 height=203 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%22178%22%20height=%22203%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt decoding=async loading=lazy data-ezsrcset="https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/03/20120329ship.jpg 178w,https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/03/20120329ship-88x100.jpg 88w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 178px) 100vw, 178px" ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1 srcset" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2012/03/20120329ship.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2012/03/29/features/history-this-week/legislative-acts-as-a-form-of-social-control-british-emergency-detention-bill-and-the-preventive-detention-act-1966-1991/>Legislative acts as a form of social control – British emergency detention bill and the preventive detention act, 1966-1991</a></h2></header><p>Part One This article is the first of a two part series that will deal with the use of the British Emergency Detention Bill and its impact on the development of the Preventive Detention Act, 1966 in Guyana.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2012-03-29T05:01:15-04:00>March 29, 2012</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/11/03/features/history-this-week/the-charter-on-language-policy-and-language-rights-in-the-creole-speaking-caribbean/ title="The Charter on Language Policy and Language Rights in the Creole-speaking Caribbean"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Dennis Craig" decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2011/11/20111103DennisCraig-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/11/03/features/history-this-week/the-charter-on-language-policy-and-language-rights-in-the-creole-speaking-caribbean/>The Charter on Language Policy and Language Rights in the Creole-speaking Caribbean</a></h2></header><p>By Charlene Wilkinson & Kencil Banwarie University of Guyana Department of Language & Cultural Studies Faculty of Education & the Humanities In January of this year, a landmark conference in Jamaica concluded with the presentation to members of the public of the final draft of The Charter on Language Policy and Language Rights in the Creole Speaking Caribbean.  </p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-11-03T05:01:53-04:00>November 3, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/10/20/features/history-this-week/the-introduction-of-trial-by-jury-into-british-guiana-1844/ title="The introduction of trial by jury into British Guiana, 1844"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2011/10/20111020history-this-week-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/10/20/features/history-this-week/the-introduction-of-trial-by-jury-into-british-guiana-1844/>The introduction of trial by jury into British Guiana, 1844</a></h2></header><p>By Shammane Joseph This article will examine the Ordinances which introduced into the colony of British Guiana, trial by jury in 1844.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-10-20T05:01:15-04:00>October 20, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/10/06/features/history-this-week/eusi-kwayana-the-village-politician-part-1/ title="Eusi Kwayana: The Village Politician (Part 1)"> <img width=216 height=300 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%22216%22%20height=%22300%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Eusi Kwayana" decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2011/10/20111006eusi-kwayana-216x300.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/10/06/features/history-this-week/eusi-kwayana-the-village-politician-part-1/>Eusi Kwayana: The Village Politician (Part 1)</a></h2></header><p>By Estherine Adams This article is an excerpt of a much broader body of work that focuses on Eusi Kwayana and his role in the national political developments of British Guiana, between 1950 and 1961. </p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-10-06T05:01:09-04:00>October 6, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/08/04/features/history-this-week/the-african-village-movement/ title="The African Village Movement"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2011/08/20110804historylogo-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/08/04/features/history-this-week/the-african-village-movement/>The African Village Movement</a></h2></header><p>On Monday, Emancipation day, I stood on a relative’s veranda in Hopetown watching a group of young and not so young people making their way home, through the rain, after a night of frolic at the annual ‘swari’.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/cecilia-mcalmont/ title="Posts by Cecilia McAlmont" class="author url fn" rel=author>Cecilia McAlmont</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-08-04T05:01:48-04:00>August 4, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/05/19/features/history-this-week/hinterland-development-the-railway-discussion-of-the-earlier-twentieth-century/ title="Hinterland development: The railway discussion of the earlier twentieth century"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2011/05/20110519historylogo-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/05/19/features/history-this-week/hinterland-development-the-railway-discussion-of-the-earlier-twentieth-century/>Hinterland development: The railway discussion of the earlier twentieth century</a></h2></header><p>Part II Part I examined the proposal of 1902 made by Mr.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-05-19T05:01:11-04:00>May 19, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/05/05/features/history-this-week/hinterland-development-the-railway-discussion-of-the-early-twentieth-century/>Hinterland development: The railway discussion of the early twentieth century</a></h2></header><p>Part I By Gwyneth George Discussions on railway development in British Guiana have always tended to focus on the East and West Coast railways.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-05-05T05:01:10-04:00>May 5, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/04/21/features/history-this-week/the-proposed-georgetown-manaos-railway/ title="The proposed Georgetown – Manaos railway"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2011/04/20110421history-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/04/21/features/history-this-week/the-proposed-georgetown-manaos-railway/>The proposed Georgetown – Manaos railway</a></h2></header><p>Part one By Shammane Joseph Lately, there has been a lot of discussions about development of a permanent link between Guyana and Brazil, given the economic benefits to be derived.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-04-21T05:01:30-04:00>April 21, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/04/14/features/history-this-week/early-history-of-penal-settlement-mazaruni-1842-1853/>Early history of Penal Settlement Mazaruni 1842-1853</a></h2></header><p>Part Two By Estherine Adams This article is the second and final part of a two-part series on the history of the penal settlement Mazaruni. </p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-04-14T05:01:30-04:00>April 14, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/04/07/features/history-this-week/a-consequence-of-slavery-%e2%80%9cdem-black-people-chuch%e2%80%9d-the-amec/ title="A Consequence of Slavery: “Dem Black People Chuch”: The AMEC"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2011/04/20110407history-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/04/07/features/history-this-week/a-consequence-of-slavery-%e2%80%9cdem-black-people-chuch%e2%80%9d-the-amec/>A Consequence of Slavery: “Dem Black People Chuch”: The AMEC</a></h2></header><p>Introduction The United Nations has designated the year 2011 as International year FOR (not of) People of African Descent.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/cecilia-mcalmont/ title="Posts by Cecilia McAlmont" class="author url fn" rel=author>Cecilia McAlmont</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-04-07T05:01:26-04:00>April 7, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/03/24/features/history-this-week/the-return-of-student-movements-as-a-social-force/>The return of student movements as a social force</a></h2></header><p>By Christopher Carrico ‘It was telling that Obama said in his 2010 State of the Union Address that universities would have to make more sacrifices in the current economy.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-03-24T05:01:10-04:00>March 24, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/03/03/features/history-this-week/the-egyptian-struggle-may-inspire-a-working-class-struggle-against-entrenched-power-in-many-other-parts-of-the-world/ title="The Egyptian struggle may inspire a working class struggle against entrenched power in many other parts of the world"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="photo by blogger/activist Hossan-el-Hamalawy" decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2011/03/20110303photo-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/03/03/features/history-this-week/the-egyptian-struggle-may-inspire-a-working-class-struggle-against-entrenched-power-in-many-other-parts-of-the-world/>The Egyptian struggle may inspire a working class struggle against entrenched power in many other parts of the world</a></h2></header><p>By Christopher Carrico Anthropology Programme University of Guyana This was originally going to be a History This Week article for Stabroek News when I was last scheduled to write for this column. </p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-03-03T05:01:36-04:00>March 3, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/02/24/features/history-this-week/health-conditions-in-british-guiana-in-the-1890s-2/ title="Health Conditions in British Guiana in the 1890s"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2011/02/20110224history-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2011/02/24/features/history-this-week/health-conditions-in-british-guiana-in-the-1890s-2/>Health Conditions in British Guiana in the 1890s</a></h2></header><p>Part 2 By Jamellah Bayley This article is the second in a two-part series that examines the health conditions in British Guiana during the 1890s.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2011-02-24T05:01:29-04:00>February 24, 2011</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/12/30/features/history-this-week/recording-guyanese-political-history-memory-archives%e2%80%99-and-narrative-overlook/ title="Recording Guyanese political history: Memory, `archives’ and narrative overlook"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Burnham & Jagan in dialogue" decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2010/12/20101230burnham-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/12/30/features/history-this-week/recording-guyanese-political-history-memory-archives%e2%80%99-and-narrative-overlook/>Recording Guyanese political history: Memory, `archives’ and narrative overlook</a></h2></header><p>By Nigel Westmaas This essay is concerned about the politics of memory. </p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2010-12-30T05:01:34-04:00>December 30, 2010</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/12/02/features/history-this-week/glimpses-of-the-early-life-of-hugh-desmond-hoyte/ title="Glimpses of the early life of Hugh Desmond Hoyte"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2010/12/20101202histrylogo-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/12/02/features/history-this-week/glimpses-of-the-early-life-of-hugh-desmond-hoyte/>Glimpses of the early life of Hugh Desmond Hoyte</a></h2></header><p>By Clyde W Thierens With the demise of President Forbes Burnham in August 1985, Hugh Desmond Hoyte ascended to the presidency of Guyana.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2010-12-02T05:01:59-04:00>December 2, 2010</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/10/28/features/history-this-week/history-this-weekvanceram-%e2%80%93-an-example-of-failed-guyanese-ingenuity-%e2%80%93-part-one/ title="History this week: Vanceram – an example of failed Guyanese ingenuity – Part one"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Viola Burnham" decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2010/10/20101028viola-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/10/28/features/history-this-week/history-this-weekvanceram-%e2%80%93-an-example-of-failed-guyanese-ingenuity-%e2%80%93-part-one/>History this week: Vanceram – an example of failed Guyanese ingenuity – Part one</a></h2></header><p>By Shammane Joseph This article is the first in a two-part series that will focus on the development and eventual failure of the Vanceram Limited Tableware Factory, the largest economic project ever commenced by the Women’s Revolutionary Socialist Movement (WRSM), at Caledonia  in Guyana.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2010-10-28T05:01:36-04:00>October 28, 2010</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><figure class=article-img40> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/09/23/features/creating-and-solidifying-african-ethnic-identity-in-guiana/ title="History This Week: Creating and solidifying African ethnic identity in Guiana"> <img width=50 height=45 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%2250%22%20height=%2245%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="ezlazyload attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt decoding=async loading=lazy ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/2010/09/20100923historylogo-50x45.jpg> </a></figure><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/09/23/features/creating-and-solidifying-african-ethnic-identity-in-guiana/>History This Week: Creating and solidifying African ethnic identity in Guiana</a></h2></header><p>History this week                    No. 31/2010 This article briefly explores the creation and solidification of African ethnic identity and the incorporation of Guiana into the world economy and argues that historically the intensification of ethnic contestation between Africans and other ethnic groups was a consequence of the structural contradictions that lie beneath the construction and reproduction of ethnicity in Guiana in order to support capitalism and its inequitable division of labour.</p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/dr-mellissa-ifill/ title="Posts by Dr Mellissa Ifill" class="author url fn" rel=author>Dr Mellissa Ifill</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2010-09-23T05:03:04-04:00>September 23, 2010</time></footer></article><article class="border-bottom clearfix"><header><h2><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/09/02/features/history-this-weeka-struggle-on-two-fronts-against-reactionaries-and-against-imperialists/>History this week:A struggle on two fronts: Against reactionaries and against Imperialists</a></h2></header><p>By Dr. Christopher Carrico The quote ‘History is written by the victors’ is normally ascribed to Winston Churchill. </p><footer><div class="article-author d-inline">By <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/author/layout/ title="Posts by Stabroek News" class="author url fn" rel=author>Stabroek News</a></div> <time class="article-time d-inline" datetime=2010-09-02T05:01:15-04:00>September 2, 2010</time></footer></article><ul class="pagination wpse64458_pagination"> <li class="page-item active"><span aria-current=page class="page-link current"><span class=screen-reader-text> </span>1</span></li> <li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/page/2/><span class=screen-reader-text> </span>2</a></li> <li class=page-item><a class="next page-link" href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/features/history-this-week/page/2/>Older <span></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-12 col-md-5 col-lg-4"><span id=ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-608></span><span data-ez-ph-id=608></span><div class=todayspaper><h2><a href=http://epaper.stabroeknews.com>Today's Paper</a></h2><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=frontpage> <a href=http://epaper.stabroeknews.com/stabroek-news> <img class="ezlazyload img-fluid" alt="Daily Paper" width=400 height=540 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%22400%22%20height=%22539%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" data-ezsrc="https://www.stabroeknews.com/ezoimgfmt/s1.stabroeknews.com/images/frontpage/daily-400x540.jpg?v=20241128"> </a></div></div><div class=col-12><div class=epaper-text><p class="text-center font-italic">The ePaper edition, on the Web & in stores for Android, iPhone & iPad.</p><div class=epaper-btn> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-success" href=http://epaper.stabroeknews.com/stabroek-news role=button>Try Now</a></div><p class=text-center><small>Included free with your web subscription. <a href=http://epaper.stabroeknews.com/>Learn more.</a></small></p></div></div></div></div><span id=ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-116></span><span data-ez-ph-id=116></span></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><span id=ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-621></span><span data-ez-ph-id=621></span><footer><div class=newsletter-signup><div class=container-fluid><div class=row><div class="col-12 col-md-7 col-lg-8"><div class=newsletter-text><h2 class=signup>Sign Up For The Morning Brief</h2><p>A FREE roundup of top news from Guyana you might otherwise miss. Delivered every morning.</p></div></div><div class="col-12 col-md-5 col-lg-4 my-auto"><div class=newsletter-form> <script>(function(){window.mc4wp=window.mc4wp||{listeners:[],forms:{on:function(evt,cb){window.mc4wp.listeners.push({event:evt,callback:cb});}}}})();</script><form id=mc4wp-form-1 class="mc4wp-form mc4wp-form-535550" method=post data-id=535550 data-name="Sign Up For The Morning Brief"><div class=mc4wp-form-fields> <input type=email class=input name=EMAIL placeholder=your@email.com* required><input type=submit value="Sign up" class="submit-button button"></div><label style=display:none!important>Leave this field empty if you're human: <input name=_mc4wp_honeypot tabindex=-1 autocomplete=off></label><input type=hidden name=_mc4wp_timestamp value=1732799245><input type=hidden name=_mc4wp_form_id value=535550><input type=hidden name=_mc4wp_form_element_id value=mc4wp-form-1><div class=mc4wp-response></div></form></div></div></div></div></div><div class=site-footer><div class=container-fluid><div class=row><div class="col-12 col-sm-6 footer-logo"> <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width=%22308%22%20height=%2240%22%3E%3C/svg%3E" width=230 height=30 alt="Stabroek News" ezimgfmt="rs rscb1 src ng ngcb1" class=ezlazyload data-ezsrc=https://www.stabroeknews.com/images/branding/logo2020-blue.png> </a></div><div class="col-12 col-sm-6 social"><ul> <li><a href=https://www.facebook.com/stabroeknews class="social-icon facebook" title="Follow Us on facebook"><svg class="social_icon" aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M448 80v352c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48h-85.3V302.8h60.6l8.7-67.6h-69.3V192c0-19.6 5.4-32.9 33.5-32.9H384V98.7c-6.2-.8-27.4-2.7-52.2-2.7-51.6 0-87 31.5-87 89.4v49.9H184v67.6h60.9V480H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V80c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h352c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48z"></path></svg></a></li> <li><a href=https://twitter.com/stabroeknews class="social-icon twitter" title="Follow Us on twitter"><svg class="social_icon" aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="twitter" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg></a></li> <li><a href=https://www.youtube.com/stabroeknews class="social-icon youtube" title="Follow Us on youtube"><svg class="social_icon" aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="youtube" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z"></path></svg></a></li> <li><a href=https://www.instagram.com/stabroeknews/ class="social-icon instagram" title="Follow Us on Instagram"><svg aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="instagram" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="svg-inline--fa fa-instagram fa-w-14 fa-5x"><path fill="currentColor" d="M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z" class=""></path></svg></a></li> <li><a href=https://pinterest.com/stabroeknews class="social-icon pinterest" title="Follow Us on twitter"><svg class="social_icon" aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="pinterest" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M496 256c0 137-111 248-248 248-25.6 0-50.2-3.9-73.4-11.1 10.1-16.5 25.2-43.5 30.8-65 3-11.6 15.4-59 15.4-59 8.1 15.4 31.7 28.5 56.8 28.5 74.8 0 128.7-68.8 128.7-154.3 0-81.9-66.9-143.2-152.9-143.2-107 0-163.9 71.8-163.9 150.1 0 36.4 19.4 81.7 50.3 96.1 4.7 2.2 7.2 1.2 8.3-3.3.8-3.4 5-20.3 6.9-28.1.6-2.5.3-4.7-1.7-7.1-10.1-12.5-18.3-35.3-18.3-56.6 0-54.7 41.4-107.6 112-107.6 60.9 0 103.6 41.5 103.6 100.9 0 67.1-33.9 113.6-78 113.6-24.3 0-42.6-20.1-36.7-44.8 7-29.5 20.5-61.3 20.5-82.6 0-19-10.2-34.9-31.4-34.9-24.9 0-44.9 25.7-44.9 60.2 0 22 7.4 36.8 7.4 36.8s-24.5 103.8-29 123.2c-5 21.4-3 51.6-.9 71.2C65.4 450.9 0 361.1 0 256 0 119 111 8 248 8s248 111 248 248z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div><nav class=footer-links><ul> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/about/>About Stabroek News</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/subscribers/register/>Become a Subscriber</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/subscribers/help/>Subscriber Help</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/newsletter/>Newsletter</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/apps/>Mobile Apps</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/archive/>Archive</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/contact/>Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/advertise/>Place An Ad</a></li></ul><ul class="border-top small"> <li>© 1997 - 2024 <a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/>Stabroek News</a></li> <li><address>46-47 Robb Street, Lacytown, Georgetown, Guyana.</address></li> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/terms-of-service/>Terms of Service</a></li> <li><a href=https://www.stabroeknews.com/privacy/>Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="scroll-to-top btn-fade"> <svg class="scroll-icon" aria-hidden="true" data-prefix="fa" data-icon="angle-double-up" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z"></path></svg></div></div></footer> <script>var wppl_precheck_remember_me=function(){var forms=document.querySelectorAll('form');if(forms){var rememberMeNames=['rememberme','remember','rcp_user_remember'];var rememberArray=[];for(z=0;z<rememberMeNames.length;z++){var input=document.getElementsByName(rememberMeNames[z]);if(input.length){rememberArray.push(input);}} if(rememberArray.length){for(i=0;i<rememberArray.length;i++){for(x=0;x<rememberArray[i].length;x++){rememberArray[i][x].checked=true;}}} var UmCheckboxIcon=document.querySelectorAll('.um-icon-android-checkbox-outline-blank');var UmCheckboxLabel=document.querySelectorAll('.um-field-checkbox');if(UmCheckboxIcon.length&&UmCheckboxLabel.length){for(i=0;i<UmCheckboxLabel.length;i++){var UMCheckboxElement=UmCheckboxLabel[i].children;var UMCheckboxElementName=UMCheckboxElement[0].getAttribute('name');if(UMCheckboxElementName==='remember'||UMCheckboxElementName==='rememberme'){UmCheckboxLabel[i].classList.add('active');UmCheckboxIcon[i].classList.add('um-icon-android-checkbox-outline');UmCheckboxIcon[i].classList.remove('um-icon-android-checkbox-outline-blank');}}} var ArmRememberMeCheckboxContainer=document.querySelectorAll('.arm_form_input_container_rememberme');if(ArmRememberMeCheckboxContainer.length){for(i=0;i<ArmRememberMeCheckboxContainer.length;i++){var ArmRememberMeCheckbox=ArmRememberMeCheckboxContainer[i].querySelectorAll('md-checkbox');if(ArmRememberMeCheckbox.length){for(x=0;x<ArmRememberMeCheckbox.length;x++){if(ArmRememberMeCheckbox[x].classList.contains('ng-empty')){ArmRememberMeCheckbox[x].click();}}}}}}} document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(event){wppl_precheck_remember_me();});</script><script>(function(){function maybePrefixUrlField(){const value=this.value.trim() if(value!==''&&value.indexOf('http')!==0){this.value='http://'+value}} const urlFields=document.querySelectorAll('.mc4wp-form input[type="url"]') for(let j=0;j<urlFields.length;j++){urlFields[j].addEventListener('blur',maybePrefixUrlField)}})();</script><script defer src=https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/slick/slick.min.js id=slick-js-js></script> <script defer src=https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/magnific/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js id=magnific-js-js></script> <script defer src=https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/themes/sn2020/assets/js/scripts.js id=scripts-js-js></script> <script defer src=https://stats.wp.com/e-202448.js id=jetpack-stats-js data-wp-strategy=defer></script> <script id=jetpack-stats-js-after>_stq=window._stq||[];_stq.push(["view",JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"3488384\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"-4\",\"srv\":\"www.stabroeknews.com\",\"j\":\"1:14.0\"}")]);_stq.push(["clickTrackerInit","3488384","0"]);</script> <script defer defer src=https://www.stabroeknews.com/wp-content/plugins/mailchimp-for-wp/assets/js/forms.js id=mc4wp-forms-api-js></script> <span id=ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-100></span><span data-ez-ph-id=100></span><script data-cfasync=false>!function(){var e=function(e,t){for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){var n=t[r];if(0==n.complete||void 0!==n.readyState&&n.readyState<4){var o=n.getAttribute("src")||n.currentSrc;void 0!==n.readyState&&0==n.readyState?n.addEventListener("loadstart",(function(e){var t=e.currentTarget.getAttribute("src")||e.currentSrc;window.ezorqs(e,t)})):(o=n.getAttribute("src")||n.currentSrc,window.ezorqs(n,o)),n.addEventListener("load",(function(e){var t=e.currentTarget.getAttribute("src")||e.srcElement.currentSrc;window.ezorqe(e,t)})),n.addEventListener("loadeddata",(function(e){var t=e.currentTarget.getAttribute("src")||e.srcElement.currentSrc;window.ezorqe(e,t)})),n.addEventListener("error",(function(e){var t=e.currentTarget.getAttribute("src")||e.srcElement.currentSrc;window.ezorqe(e,t)}))}}};function t(e){for(var t=0;t<document.styleSheets.length;t++)if(document.styleSheets[t].href==e)return!0;return!1}__ez_addAllListeners=function(){e(0,document.querySelectorAll("img")),e(0,document.querySelectorAll("video")),e(0,document.querySelectorAll("audio")),function(e){for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++){var n=e[r];if(("preload"==n.getAttribute("rel")||"stylesheet"==n.getAttribute("rel"))&&null!=n.getAttribute("href")&&t(n.getAttribute("href"))){window.ezorqs(n,n.getAttribute("href"));var o=document.createElement("img");o.onerror=function(e){void 0!==e.path&&void 0!==e.path[0].currentSrc?window.ezorqe(n,e.path[0].currentSrc):void 0!==e.srcElement&&void 0!==e.srcElement.href&&window.ezorqe(n,e.srcElement.href)},o.src=n.getAttribute("href")}}}(document.querySelectorAll("link")),void 0!==window.__ez.ssaf&&window.__ez.ssaf.indexOf(16)>-1&&void 0!==window.__ez.sshsdef&&!1===window.__ez.sshsdef&&Element.prototype.addEventListener&&("function"==typeof window.onload&&(window.addEventListener("load",window.onload),window.onload=null),"function"==typeof document.onload&&(document.addEventListener.addEventListener("load",document.onload),document.onload=null))},__ez.queue.addFunc("__ez_addAllListeners","__ez_addAllListeners",null,!1,["/detroitchicago/tulsa.js"],!0,!0,!0,!0)}();</script> <script style=display:none async>if(typeof window.__ez!=='undefined'&&window.__ez?.queue?.addFileOnce){window.__ez.queue.addFileOnce('identity','https://go.ezodn.com/detroitchicago/indy.js?cb=15&gcb=0',true,[],true,false,false,true);}</script><script data-cfasync="false">function _emitEzConsentEvent(){var customEvent=new CustomEvent("ezConsentEvent",{detail:{ezTcfConsent:window.ezTcfConsent},bubbles:true,cancelable:true,});document.dispatchEvent(customEvent);} (function(window,document){function _setAllEzConsentTrue(){window.ezTcfConsent.loaded=true;window.ezTcfConsent.store_info=true;window.ezTcfConsent.develop_and_improve_services=true;window.ezTcfConsent.measure_ad_performance=true;window.ezTcfConsent.measure_content_performance=true;window.ezTcfConsent.select_basic_ads=true;window.ezTcfConsent.create_ad_profile=true;window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_ads=true;window.ezTcfConsent.create_content_profile=true;window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_content=true;window.ezTcfConsent.understand_audiences=true;window.ezTcfConsent.use_limited_data_to_select_content=true;window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_content=true;} function _clearEzConsentCookie(){document.cookie="ezCMPCookieConsent=tcf2;Domain=.stabroeknews.com;Path=/;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT";} _clearEzConsentCookie();if(typeof window.__tcfapi!=="undefined"){window.ezgconsent=false;var amazonHasRun=false;function _ezAllowed(tcdata,purpose){return(tcdata.purpose.consents[purpose]||tcdata.purpose.legitimateInterests[purpose]);} function _reloadAds(){if(typeof window.ezorefgsl==="function"&&typeof window.ezslots==="object"){if(typeof __ezapsFetchBids=="function"&&amazonHasRun===false){ezapsFetchBids(__ezaps);if(typeof __ezapsVideo!="undefined"){ezapsFetchBids(__ezapsVideo,"video");} amazonHasRun=true;} var slots=[];for(var i=0;i<window.ezslots.length;i++){if(window[window.ezslots[i]]&&typeof window[window.ezslots[i]]==="object"){slots.push(window[window.ezslots[i]]);}else{setTimeout(_reloadAds,100);return false;}} for(var i=0;i<slots.length;i++){window.ezorefgsl(slots[i]);}}else if(!window.ezadtimeoutset){window.ezadtimeoutset=true;setTimeout(_reloadAds,100);}} function _handleConsentDecision(tcdata){window.ezTcfConsent.loaded=true;if(!tcdata.vendor.consents["347"]&&!tcdata.vendor.legitimateInterests["347"]){window._emitEzConsentEvent();return;} window.ezTcfConsent.store_info=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"1");window.ezTcfConsent.develop_and_improve_services=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"10");window.ezTcfConsent.measure_content_performance=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"8");window.ezTcfConsent.select_basic_ads=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"2");window.ezTcfConsent.create_ad_profile=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"3");window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_ads=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"4");window.ezTcfConsent.create_content_profile=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"5");window.ezTcfConsent.measure_ad_performance=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"7");window.ezTcfConsent.use_limited_data_to_select_content=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"11");window.ezTcfConsent.select_personalized_content=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"6");window.ezTcfConsent.understand_audiences=_ezAllowed(tcdata,"9");window._emitEzConsentEvent();} function _handleGoogleConsentV2(tcdata){if(!tcdata||!tcdata.purpose||!tcdata.purpose.consents){return;} var googConsentV2={};if(tcdata.purpose.consents[1]){googConsentV2.ad_storage='granted';googConsentV2.analytics_storage='granted';} if(tcdata.purpose.consents[3]&&tcdata.purpose.consents[4]){googConsentV2.ad_personalization='granted';} if(tcdata.purpose.consents[1]&&tcdata.purpose.consents[7]){googConsentV2.ad_user_data='granted';} if(googConsentV2.analytics_storage=='denied'){gtag('set','url_passthrough',true);} gtag('consent','update',googConsentV2);} __tcfapi("addEventListener",2,function(tcdata,success){if(!success||!tcdata){window._emitEzConsentEvent();return;} if(!tcdata.gdprApplies){_setAllEzConsentTrue();window._emitEzConsentEvent();return;} if(tcdata.eventStatus==="useractioncomplete"||tcdata.eventStatus==="tcloaded"){if(typeof gtag!='undefined'){_handleGoogleConsentV2(tcdata);} _handleConsentDecision(tcdata);if(tcdata.purpose.consents["1"]===true&&tcdata.vendor.consents["755"]!==false){window.ezgconsent=true;(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).pauseAdRequests=0;_reloadAds();}else{_reloadAds();} if(window.__ezconsent){__ezconsent.setEzoicConsentSettings(ezConsentCategories);} __tcfapi("removeEventListener",2,function(success){return null;},tcdata.listenerId);if(!(tcdata.purpose.consents["1"]===true&&_ezAllowed(tcdata,"2")&&_ezAllowed(tcdata,"3")&&_ezAllowed(tcdata,"4"))){if(typeof __ez=="object"&&typeof __ez.bit=="object"&&typeof window["_ezaq"]=="object"&&typeof window["_ezaq"]["page_view_id"]=="string"){__ez.bit.Add(window["_ezaq"]["page_view_id"],[new __ezDotData("non_personalized_ads",true),]);}}}});}else{_setAllEzConsentTrue();window._emitEzConsentEvent();}})(window,document);</script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e9ac65fabe53e01',t:'MTczMjgwMTI4MC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body></html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10