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Tiarajudens - Wikipedia

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title="Capitanian">Capitanian</a><br />~<span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">260&#160;<a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:132px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">&#8595;</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiarajudens_skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tiarajudens_skeleton.jpg/220px-Tiarajudens_skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tiarajudens_skeleton.jpg/330px-Tiarajudens_skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Tiarajudens_skeleton.jpg/440px-Tiarajudens_skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Diagram skeleton of <i>T. eccentricus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Tiarajudens" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Therapsida" title="Therapsida">Therapsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Anomocephaloidea" title="Anomocephaloidea">Anomocephaloidea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Tiarajudens</i></a><br /><small>Cisneros <i>et al.</i>, <a href="/wiki/2011_in_paleontology" title="2011 in paleontology">2011</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">&#8224;<i><b>T.&#160;eccentricus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;">&#8224;</span><i>Tiarajudens eccentricus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Cisneros <i>et al.</i>, 2011</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Tiarajudens</b></i> (said: Te-ah-ra-yu-dens) (modern, international spelling: tɪjɑ́ːrə ʤʉ́w dɛ́nz) ("<a href="/wiki/Sep%C3%A9_Tiaraju" title="Sepé Tiaraju">Tiaraju</a> tooth") is an <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of saber-toothed <a href="/wiki/Herbivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivorous">herbivorous</a> <a href="/wiki/Anomodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Anomodont">anomodonts</a> which lived during the <a href="/wiki/Guadalupian" title="Guadalupian">Middle Permian</a> <a href="/wiki/Period_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (geology)">period</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capitanian" title="Capitanian">Capitanian</a> stage) in what is now <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. It is known from the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> UFRGS&#160;PV393P, a nearly complete <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> <i>T. eccentricus</i> was named in <a href="/wiki/2011_in_paleontology" title="2011 in paleontology">2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cisneros2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cisneros2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiarajudens&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiarajudens_NT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tiarajudens_NT.jpg/220px-Tiarajudens_NT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tiarajudens_NT.jpg/330px-Tiarajudens_NT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tiarajudens_NT.jpg/440px-Tiarajudens_NT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Restoration</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Tiarajudens</i> is a member of <a href="/wiki/Anomodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Anomodont">Anomodontia</a>, a suborder of therapsids. Like other anomodonts, it was a quadrupedal <a href="/wiki/Herbivore" title="Herbivore">herbivore</a> about the size of a <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The single fragmented <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> skull is short and robust at about 22.5 centimetres (8.9&#160;in) in length. The most prominent features of <i>Tiarajudens</i> are its two large saber-like <a href="/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canine</a> teeth. These teeth are unlike the tusks of <a href="/wiki/Dicynodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicynodont">dicynodonts</a>, a later group of anomodonts.<sup id="cite_ref-Fröbisch2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fröbisch2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OSA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Twenty-one high-<a href="/wiki/Crown_(tooth)" title="Crown (tooth)">crowned</a> teeth are present on either side of the upper jaw, including spoon-shaped incisors. Wide <a href="/wiki/Palate" title="Palate">palatal</a> teeth are also present.<sup id="cite_ref-Dsc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dsc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The top and bottom sets of teeth fit closely together, much like the teeth of mammals, allowing it to easily chew plants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiarajudens&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of <i>Tiarajudens</i>, <i>T. eccentricus</i>, was described in the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> in 2011. It was named by Juan Carlos Cisneros, Fernando Abdala, Bruce S. Rubidge, Paula Camboim Dentzien-Dias, and Ana de Oliveira Bueno. The skull was found in the Middle Permian <a href="/wiki/Rio_do_Rasto_Formation" title="Rio do Rasto Formation">Rio do Rasto Formation</a> in Rio Grande do Sul. <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">Paleontologists</a> found the location using satellite photographs from <a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The locality was identified as a clearing within a thickly vegetated area. The degree of erosion and the color of the rocks were an indication of the locality's age and likelihood of preserving fossils.<sup id="cite_ref-LS_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiarajudens&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">Cladogram</a> after Cisneros <i>et al.</i>, 2011:<sup id="cite_ref-Cisneros2011_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cisneros2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 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span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Therapsida" title="Therapsida">Therapsida</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tetraceratops" title="Tetraceratops">Tetraceratops</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Raranimus" title="Raranimus">Raranimus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Lycosuchus" title="Lycosuchus">Lycosuchus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Biarmosuchus" title="Biarmosuchus">Biarmosuchus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgonops" title="Gorgonops">Gorgonops</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Herpetoskylax" title="Herpetoskylax">Herpetoskylax</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Estemmenosuchus" title="Estemmenosuchus">Estemmenosuchus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tapinocaninus" title="Tapinocaninus">Tapinocaninus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Titanophoneus" title="Titanophoneus">Titanophoneus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Syodon" title="Syodon">Syodon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Biseridens" title="Biseridens">Biseridens</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Anomocephaloidea" title="Anomocephaloidea">Anomocephaloidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Tiarajudens</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Anomocephalus" title="Anomocephalus">Anomocephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Galechirus" title="Galechirus">Galechirus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Venyukovioidea" title="Venyukovioidea">Venyukovioidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Otsheria" title="Otsheria">Otsheria</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Suminia" title="Suminia">Suminia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ulemica" title="Ulemica">Ulemica</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Patranomodon" title="Patranomodon">Patranomodon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Galeops" title="Galeops">Galeops</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Eodicynodon" title="Eodicynodon">Eodicynodon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Diictodon" title="Diictodon">Diictodon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Robertia" title="Robertia">Robertia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleobiology">Paleobiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiarajudens&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Paleobiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiarajudens_agonistic_behaviour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tiarajudens_agonistic_behaviour.jpg/220px-Tiarajudens_agonistic_behaviour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tiarajudens_agonistic_behaviour.jpg/330px-Tiarajudens_agonistic_behaviour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tiarajudens_agonistic_behaviour.jpg/440px-Tiarajudens_agonistic_behaviour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>Paleoart depicting one of the possible uses of the saber-shaped canine teeth of <i>Tiarajudens</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The saber-like teeth of <i>Tiarajudens</i> are unique among anomodonts, a group of entirely herbivorous therapsids. Although large canines are often found in carnivores, the surrounding teeth of <i>Tiarajudens</i> indicate that it was an herbivore. <i>Tiarajudens</i> is one of the earliest herbivores to possess saber-like canines; previously the oldest known saber-toothed herbivores were large extinct mammals such as <i><a href="/wiki/Titanoides" title="Titanoides">Titanoides</a></i>, which lived around 60 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-OSA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NGDN_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGDN-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The teeth are even larger than those of the carnivorous therapsid <i><a href="/wiki/Inostrancevia" title="Inostrancevia">Inostrancevia</a></i>, one of the largest members of <a href="/wiki/Gorgonopsia" title="Gorgonopsia">Gorgonopsia</a>, a group characterized by the presence of long canines.<sup id="cite_ref-OSA_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The large canines of <i>Tiarajudens</i> were likely used as a defense against predators or as a means of fighting for mates; living mammals such as the <a href="/wiki/Water_deer" title="Water deer">water deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musk_deer" title="Musk deer">musk deer</a> use their saber teeth for these purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-OSA_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The palatal teeth are broad and fit tightly together, an adaptation to consuming fibrous plants. This variation in tooth shape, known as a <a href="/wiki/Heterodont" title="Heterodont">heterodont</a> dentition, is common in mammals. While most other Permian therapsids had <a href="/wiki/Homodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Homodont">homodont</a> dentitions (teeth of the same shape), <i>Tiarajudens</i> is one of the earliest therapsids to have a heterodont dentition.<sup id="cite_ref-Cisneros2011_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cisneros2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiarajudens&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Allosaurus_Jardin_des_Plantes.png/28px-Allosaurus_Jardin_des_Plantes.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Allosaurus_Jardin_des_Plantes.png/42px-Allosaurus_Jardin_des_Plantes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Allosaurus_Jardin_des_Plantes.png/56px-Allosaurus_Jardin_des_Plantes.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Paleontology" title="Portal:Paleontology">Paleontology portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_synapsids" class="mw-redirect" title="List of synapsids">List of synapsids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sep%C3%A9_Tiaraju" title="Sepé Tiaraju">Sepé Tiaraju</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiarajudens&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(a) Sandstone blocks containing articulated skeletal material. (b) Schematic drawing showing the identity of the preserved elements. (c) Skeletal reconstruction. as, astragalus; c, caniniform; ca, calcaneum; cl, clavicle; co, coracoid; d, digits; ga, gastralia; h, humerus; m, mandible; mt, metatarsals; ra, radius; sk, skull; ti, tibia; ta, tarsal.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiarajudens&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cisneros2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cisneros2011_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cisneros2011_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cisneros2011_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCisneros,_J.C.Abdala,_F.Rubidge,_B.S.Dentzien-Dias,_D.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Cisneros, J.C.; Abdala, F.; Rubidge, B.S.; Dentzien-Dias, D.; Bueno, A.O. 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"Dental Occlusion in a 260-Million-Year-Old Therapsid with Saber Canines from the Permian of Brazil". <i>Science</i>. <b>331</b>: 1603–1605. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1200305">10.1126/science.1200305</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21436452">21436452</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=Dental+Occlusion+in+a+260-Million-Year-Old+Therapsid+with+Saber+Canines+from+the+Permian+of+Brazil&amp;rft.volume=331&amp;rft.pages=1603-1605&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1200305&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21436452&amp;rft.au=Cisneros%2C+J.C.&amp;rft.au=Abdala%2C+F.&amp;rft.au=Rubidge%2C+B.S.&amp;rft.au=Dentzien-Dias%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Bueno%2C+A.O.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiarajudens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/29/science/29obteeth.html">NYTimes.com. “Fearsome Fangs, for a Plant-Eater.” Bhando. March 25, 2011.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fröbisch2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fröbisch2011_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFröbisch,_J.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Fröbisch, J. (2011). "On Dental Occlusion and Saber Teeth". <i>Science</i>. <b>331</b>: 1525–1528. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1204206">10.1126/science.1204206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=On+Dental+Occlusion+and+Saber+Teeth&amp;rft.volume=331&amp;rft.pages=1525-1528&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1204206&amp;rft.au=Fr%C3%B6bisch%2C+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiarajudens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSA_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSA_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSA_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSA_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmon2011" class="citation web cs1">Harmon, Katherine (25 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120826234339/http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/03/25/what-was-a-south-american-herbivore-doing-with-saber-teeth/">"What was a South American herbivore doing with saber teeth?"</a>. <i>Observations</i>. <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=what-was-a-south-american-herbivore-2011-03-25">the original</a> on August 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Observations&amp;rft.atitle=What+was+a+South+American+herbivore+doing+with+saber+teeth%3F&amp;rft.date=2011-03-25&amp;rft.aulast=Harmon&amp;rft.aufirst=Katherine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Fblog%2Fpost.cfm%3Fid%3Dwhat-was-a-south-american-herbivore-2011-03-25&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiarajudens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dsc-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dsc_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViegas2011" class="citation news cs1">Viegas, Jennifer (24 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318042057/http://news.discovery.com/animals/saber-tooth-animal-plant-eater-110324.html">"Saber-Toothed Vegetarian Had Threatening Mouthful"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Discovery_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery News">Discovery News</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Discovery+News&amp;rft.atitle=Saber-Toothed+Vegetarian+Had+Threatening+Mouthful&amp;rft.date=2011-03-24&amp;rft.aulast=Viegas&amp;rft.aufirst=Jennifer&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.discovery.com%2Fanimals%2Fsaber-tooth-animal-plant-eater-110324.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiarajudens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LS_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LS_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoi2011" class="citation news cs1">Choi, C.Q. (24 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/13393-saber-toothed-vegetarian-beast-ancient-brazil.html">"Odd Ancient Beast Was Saber-Toothed Vegetarian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/LiveScience" class="mw-redirect" title="LiveScience">LiveScience</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=LiveScience&amp;rft.atitle=Odd+Ancient+Beast+Was+Saber-Toothed+Vegetarian&amp;rft.date=2011-03-24&amp;rft.aulast=Choi&amp;rft.aufirst=C.Q.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F13393-saber-toothed-vegetarian-beast-ancient-brazil.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATiarajudens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGDN-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NGDN_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandwerk2011" class="citation news cs1">Handwerk, B. (24 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110326182603/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/03/110324-saber-toothed-sabertooth-vegetarian-science-evolution-tiarajudens/">"Odd Saber-Toothed Beast Discovered—Preyed on ... Plants?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Daily News">National Geographic Daily News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/03/110324-saber-toothed-sabertooth-vegetarian-science-evolution-tiarajudens/">the original</a> on March 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Template:Anomodontia" title="Template:Anomodontia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anomodontia" title="Template talk:Anomodontia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anomodontia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anomodontia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anomodontia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Clade:_Synapsida_*_Clade:_Therapsida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Therapsida" title="Therapsida">Therapsida</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Synapsida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Synapsida" title="Template:Synapsida">Synapsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Anomodontia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Anomodontia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biseridens" title="Biseridens">Biseridens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novocynodon" title="Novocynodon">Novocynodon</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anomocephaloidea" title="Anomocephaloidea">Anomocephaloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anomocephalus" title="Anomocephalus">Anomocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tiarajudens</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venyukovioidea" title="Venyukovioidea">Venyukovioidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Otsheria" title="Otsheria">Otsheria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parasuminia" title="Parasuminia">Parasuminia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suminia" title="Suminia">Suminia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulemica" title="Ulemica">Ulemica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venyukovia" title="Venyukovia">Venyukovia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chainosauria" title="Chainosauria">Chainosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galechirus" title="Galechirus">Galechirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galeops" title="Galeops">Galeops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galepus" title="Galepus">Galepus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patranomodon" title="Patranomodon">Patranomodon</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anomocephaloidea" title="Anomocephaloidea">Anomocephaloidea</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontia" title="Dicynodontia">Dicynodontia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galepus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galepus jouberti"><img alt="Galepus jouberti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Galepus.jpg/100px-Galepus.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Galepus.jpg/150px-Galepus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Galepus.jpg/200px-Galepus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="852" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Dicynodontia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontia" title="Dicynodontia">Dicynodontia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dicynodontia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontia" title="Dicynodontia">Dicynodontia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brachyprosopus" title="Brachyprosopus">Brachyprosopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colobodectes" title="Colobodectes">Colobodectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eodicynodon" title="Eodicynodon">Eodicynodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lanthanostegus" title="Lanthanostegus">Lanthanostegus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyaphulia" title="Nyaphulia">Nyaphulia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pristerodon" title="Pristerodon">Pristerodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pylaecephalidae" title="Pylaecephalidae">Pylaecephalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diictodon" title="Diictodon">Diictodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eosimops" title="Eosimops">Eosimops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosictodon" title="Prosictodon">Prosictodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robertia" title="Robertia">Robertia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endothiodontia" title="Endothiodontia">Endothiodontia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abajudon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abajudon (page does not exist)">Abajudon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Endothiodon" title="Endothiodon">Endothiodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Niassodon" title="Niassodon">Niassodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Therochelonia" title="Therochelonia">Therochelonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emydopoidea" title="Emydopoidea">Emydopoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Digalodon" title="Digalodon">Digalodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydorhinus" title="Emydorhinus">Emydorhinus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palemydops" title="Palemydops">Palemydops</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emydopidae" title="Emydopidae">Emydopidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Compsodon" title="Compsodon">Compsodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydops" title="Emydops">Emydops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myosauridae" title="Myosauridae">Myosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Myosauroides" title="Myosauroides">Myosauroides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myosaurus" title="Myosaurus">Myosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingoriidae" title="Kingoriidae">Kingoriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontoides" title="Dicynodontoides">Dicynodontoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kombuisia" title="Kombuisia">Kombuisia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thliptosaurus" title="Thliptosaurus">Thliptosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalidae" title="Cistecephalidae">Cistecephalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cistecephaloides" title="Cistecephaloides">Cistecephaloides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalus" title="Cistecephalus">Cistecephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kawingasaurus" title="Kawingasaurus">Kawingasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kembawacela" title="Kembawacela">Kembawacela</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauroscaptor" title="Sauroscaptor">Sauroscaptor</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bidentalia" title="Bidentalia">Bidentalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diictodon_EF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diictodon feliceps"><img alt="Diictodon feliceps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diictodon_EF.jpg/140px-Diictodon_EF.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diictodon_EF.jpg/210px-Diictodon_EF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diictodon_EF.jpg/280px-Diictodon_EF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KingoriaDB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dicynodontoides recurvidens"><img alt="Dicynodontoides recurvidens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/KingoriaDB.jpg/140px-KingoriaDB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/KingoriaDB.jpg/210px-KingoriaDB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/KingoriaDB.jpg/280px-KingoriaDB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Bidentalia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bidentalia" title="Bidentalia">Bidentalia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bidentalia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Bidentalia" title="Bidentalia">Bidentalia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daqingshanodon" title="Daqingshanodon">Daqingshanodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idelesaurus" title="Idelesaurus">Idelesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keyseria" title="Keyseria">Keyseria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odontocyclops" title="Odontocyclops">Odontocyclops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rastodon" title="Rastodon">Rastodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syops" title="Syops">Syops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elphidae" title="Elphidae">Elphidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elph_(therapsid)" title="Elph (therapsid)">Elph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interpresosaurus" title="Interpresosaurus">Interpresosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katumbia" title="Katumbia">Katumbia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geikiidae" title="Geikiidae">Geikiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aulacephalodon" title="Aulacephalodon">Aulacephalodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bulbasaurus" title="Bulbasaurus">Bulbasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geikia" title="Geikia">Geikia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelanomodon" title="Pelanomodon">Pelanomodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oudenodontidae" title="Oudenodontidae">Oudenodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Australobarbarus" title="Australobarbarus">Australobarbarus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oudenodon" title="Oudenodon">Oudenodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tropidostoma" title="Tropidostoma">Tropidostoma</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhachiocephalidae" title="Rhachiocephalidae">Rhachiocephalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitchinganomodon" title="Kitchinganomodon">Kitchinganomodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhachiocephalus" title="Rhachiocephalus">Rhachiocephalus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontoidea" title="Dicynodontoidea">Dicynodontoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Counillonia" title="Counillonia">Counillonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daptocephalus" title="Daptocephalus">Daptocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delectosaurus" title="Delectosaurus">Delectosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicynodon" title="Dicynodon">Dicynodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinanomodon" title="Dinanomodon">Dinanomodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordonia_(synapsid)" title="Gordonia (synapsid)">Gordonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunpania" title="Kunpania">Kunpania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peramodon" title="Peramodon">Peramodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Repelinosaurus" title="Repelinosaurus">Repelinosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoheodon" title="Taoheodon">Taoheodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turfanodon" title="Turfanodon">Turfanodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vivaxosaurus" title="Vivaxosaurus">Vivaxosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lystrosauridae" title="Lystrosauridae">Lystrosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilodon" title="Basilodon">Basilodon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euptychognathus" title="Euptychognathus">Euptychognathus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jimusaria" title="Jimusaria">Jimusaria</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kwazulusaurus" title="Kwazulusaurus">Kwazulusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lystrosaurus" title="Lystrosaurus">Lystrosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sintocephalus" title="Sintocephalus">Sintocephalus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeriiformes" title="Kannemeyeriiformes">Kannemeyeriiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeikiaDB17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geikia elginensis"><img alt="Geikia elginensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/GeikiaDB17.jpg/140px-GeikiaDB17.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/GeikiaDB17.jpg/210px-GeikiaDB17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/GeikiaDB17.jpg/280px-GeikiaDB17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="1092" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lystrosaurus murrayi"><img alt="Lystrosaurus murrayi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg/140px-Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg/210px-Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg/280px-Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="410" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Kannemeyeriiformes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeriiformes" title="Kannemeyeriiformes">Kannemeyeriiformes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kannemeyeriiformes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeriiformes" title="Kannemeyeriiformes">Kannemeyeriiformes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angonisaurus" title="Angonisaurus">Angonisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinodontosaurus" title="Dinodontosaurus">Dinodontosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephantosaurus" title="Elephantosaurus">Elephantosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woznikella" title="Woznikella">Woznikella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shansiodontidae" title="Shansiodontidae">Shansiodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shansiodon" title="Shansiodon">Shansiodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetragonias" title="Tetragonias">Tetragonias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinceria" title="Vinceria">Vinceria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinodicynodon" title="Rhinodicynodon">Rhinodicynodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeriidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannemeyeriidae">Kannemeyeriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acratophorus_argentinensis" title="Acratophorus argentinensis">Acratophorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichuranus" title="Dolichuranus">Dolichuranus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeria" title="Kannemeyeria">Kannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parakannemeyeria" title="Parakannemeyeria">Parakannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabidosaurus" title="Rabidosaurus">Rabidosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rechnisaurus" title="Rechnisaurus">Rechnisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhadiodromus" title="Rhadiodromus">Rhadiodromus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaanbeikannemeyeria" title="Shaanbeikannemeyeria">Shaanbeikannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinokannemeyeria" title="Sinokannemeyeria">Sinokannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uralokannemeyeria" title="Uralokannemeyeria">Uralokannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadiasaurus" title="Wadiasaurus">Wadiasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiyukannemeyeria" title="Xiyukannemeyeria">Xiyukannemeyeria</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stahleckeriidae" title="Stahleckeriidae">Stahleckeriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sungeodon" title="Sungeodon">Sungeodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stahleckeriidae" title="Stahleckeriidae">Placeriinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Argodicynodon" title="Argodicynodon">Argodicynodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lisowicia" title="Lisowicia">Lisowicia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moghreberia" title="Moghreberia">Moghreberia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pentasaurus" title="Pentasaurus">Pentasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Placerias" title="Placerias">Placerias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zambiasaurus" title="Zambiasaurus">Zambiasaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stahleckeriidae" title="Stahleckeriidae">Stahleckeriinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eubrachiosaurus" title="Eubrachiosaurus">Eubrachiosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ischigualastia" title="Ischigualastia">Ischigualastia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jachaleria" title="Jachaleria">Jachaleria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sangusaurus" title="Sangusaurus">Sangusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stahleckeria" title="Stahleckeria">Stahleckeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ufudocyclops" title="Ufudocyclops">Ufudocyclops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisowicia_bojani_J..png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lisowicia bojani"><img alt="Lisowicia bojani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Lisowicia_bojani_J..png/140px-Lisowicia_bojani_J..png" decoding="async" width="140" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Lisowicia_bojani_J..png/210px-Lisowicia_bojani_J..png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Lisowicia_bojani_J..png/280px-Lisowicia_bojani_J..png 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="1651" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">Nomina dubia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Azarifeneria" class="mw-redirect" title="Azarifeneria">Azarifeneria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiopsis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiopsis (page does not exist)">Baiopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calleonasus" title="Calleonasus">Calleonasus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chelyoposaurus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chelyoposaurus (page does not exist)">Chelyoposaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristonasus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristonasus (page does not exist)">Cristonasus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diaelurodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaelurodon">Diaelurodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicranozygoma&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicranozygoma (page does not exist)">Dicranozygoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elatosaurus" title="Elatosaurus">Elatosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurycarpus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurycarpus">Eurycarpus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haughtoniana" title="Haughtoniana">Haughtoniana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keirognathus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Keirognathus (page does not exist)">Keirognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koupia" title="Koupia">Koupia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasoplanites&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasoplanites (page does not exist)">Nasoplanites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opisthoctenodon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Opisthoctenodon (page does not exist)">Opisthoctenodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parvobestiola&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parvobestiola (page does not exist)">Parvobestiola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planitorostris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Planitorostris (page does not exist)">Planitorostris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platypodosaurus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Platypodosaurus (page does not exist)">Platypodosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Putillosaurus" title="Putillosaurus">Putillosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taognathus" title="Taognathus">Taognathus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">Paraphyletic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryptodontia" title="Cryptodontia">Cryptodontia</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromasauria" title="Dromasauria">Dromasauria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Tiarajudens</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631288" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2631288">Q2631288</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/47451285">47451285</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/8438351">8438351</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=1478652">1478652</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=180706">180706</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6696b4cc84‐4sjg5 Cached time: 20241124143215 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.971 seconds Real time usage: 1.212 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 27449/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 361327/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 109568/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 28/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 85531/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.585/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8406847/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 6/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1084.343 1 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