CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a631aaec2fcdf',cH: 'JWaFSJu7uuYHys2Yjj4MKBHTE1mldLXPb1cHX_xPvQU-1740011416-1.2.1.1-N32yH3Bj0VUVD2feuyINxJgPvSJOVItV7y2kQgnMyKC7wQoLKunX5OWg.u9nA1ov',cUPMDTk: "\/8366\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=0HNvR8DbFdupgVQEpIh5imV.EzEy3ebZE.7lCfP2cYM-1740011416-1.0.1.1-bUihBUgE2pDQLc4MHn9Q.OUAe_V_AiwtGYHU72W1pG4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740011416',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/8366\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=0HNvR8DbFdupgVQEpIh5imV.EzEy3ebZE.7lCfP2cYM-1740011416-1.0.1.1-bUihBUgE2pDQLc4MHn9Q.OUAe_V_AiwtGYHU72W1pG4",md: "VPYlKp0_fyi2qzCAVbNPvKys9G64ckZE3OMnApGKEN0-1740011416-1.2.1.1-U3OVGnAjelpC4cJfhQHRWb8ApC3lMjvQWQW9FhN0VvdNuln6.UDFeUTUn3G2Q0Zq2ywFsVtVuIkHvBm79Dtkpe9yHSTi6EHvNtyQSr8_I5Ux3Ca6JxMQtzB9rax.fbGek5ESEyzNWLkgPXUXuYt4HS3y8pU_6r30e9Sth97raNXpDxQLISP0Faqds2rSjW2Bnendia2VK4yHIuC2N_tzzE3oA9FaQidG62ZLx.65kMyFnk4xNa5jrTOxuqJMMJgBGyG2W20KRnpnFzPRkhIOeQBYizAIjygpdO7L5Gweyir8MJhJ1ZJyfoGPum5HRjMhj5_bA9Jm61KyYlKK0NUy.O2WaWu7Zu9Thdzm0_uLDB.V3Il877O1AH54qIT0uoTb5w3JlsyPT9UEZCmLL2C_YHFO7.CzMXJZP7AXn08mW6a_PJx40itNR8gm94BaCpTTiDB.Pm1AzqUzCtQo2tazwlXGePE3I_ZD4a1nw8o2dAsTfu2K_BgI4aOKuJwFnY1ilkuqsfKGml.MNmwni6YAc.QodjvKqo2IQI7gXfNy5RKAk2bL1JE415j1JT0IkBWM8iMphHr_BfMEL3rivJoUp7VZE4uov4bwKrRv1BtRW8TwEEq4sKlnw64sj0YbitBO2wZcoKD0cFs7BZV36o5T67laIgVhZ7T3uwY9586ia6iI7nScNqEzH.yDkB5rJ2FyL9pZYufZsXoay7zsOO9MWenHE9kJw.Ay4Vx1yZnOpJIiFgLnNSM0WkQPp4caQhqzSTRvL9GVpJvnVeko2fd77MHkKP_i9PUHP9biq7wzd3auktG3yz6AWJncx8XJpIPjdY6M_BNbe4pbpejzxHfcsG0o6NUZzZA2v4tjc5Vn25vKB7U.tGeTOu_Cfiia5StRQJi6mcdEgwsPnP7T07Prxz_PLNWAjBmQCbleAaX.o7VAYz0VRebsdouKCvqsKACrm6dDaYaGkxsDzW3g7WkBVcTMlLEowzmY.uyNAUIZ.gviQb3LpUNS1JE.gkF7.knm8lMnGSRk1JhjbUh0_J87bd1sWbN6fPFAQoYXv2lThfH7NSncREYL182JTsnlBTp4lgiMfJhC63dci4KpTA3vuVH5HLXqROb.lt8QB6gMDIJCx3JCGFRFnWdsBr.KPLDNXI4NA7U37.wRMKgITYjk0PYt5doJd4CakWmWUFHEOKFHju45rAZU2sP0IbDm5icVKiDthMSs9MYh57p41WHPFBrT2F_linrSmi_mWCebr6L8czm0SBkcwZ.J78k_pD_79PkLyOlwrdHPnlqtvifxkehE97CaImcrVBaANRbui6dkAAmXPpzPUuVU8fvtONFCC.5BazjxqGbyo8dOfLaVAKh6zFb8_aJD1HM1QvchxTYX3GnBtLZCiPhKlidYsKiVOulfEjqdiS5E8.y1drMhgrZj5TWQrLowmDfKZPZgrip0v7GgsdrEmpH_ST6PP9.5sXIPwavzNxDVnoz_MlUcTlArobxnlADfnhNy.ETTFkGpcYXznF5Bf68nhtLwGGJFGFKoyYD7VtpU6gtw4VzPaqwDnvc2VM_yjfXjTC5zdn_Opvm8r2rvcRISG41OTq8OOMevA7pjha68EzRggN_g16_gv5oxHjkVPRn0lzau5sDQOpAMjuQ9kyjVjzRSw8Rwp8H_4sppGIS7odZceD57IJffEJ9kof.0i2kLxSQEfRa7MuT5IhlXZZ1WEMgX4Y1kfj6Ly8Ra4fZLsPds3_oubcFaYl14UETuMAegAGCqCHladCWTRovizdMfEHQjevRsFwYvNeZRHJ23bwnTh9pFkl8ZJtofsUkidaOqrNaho7nD7scyIscPPj1gpaBZnS3wdfGweYi3hos5NAVo2hc_JQ",mdrd: "ljVE5lwucBxNKHHX_IEK_NfNb5TXCK9IY.Vg.Goyfjw-1740011416-1.2.1.1-Xp8qMF6xidMjukjWzvIO0bjD3aRnfu7s8HtuonQwkpoYyhVlDZ78gaXb128s6wNZuJSmN4TFXTcfS0h.OnAXidg_X4xWSHzDKq7kYYcFnMm189hLUdX7EEIJvZ6MbAOzrKD9HSJ.QL0IGlP0B6ubnC5MyvMWhZXm0rfgfZrLyapc0_WT4sZiCHo4exgxq9qFDCwsEoVDmA5Qzv2EJ8cB1t88WlCWEU_p.WGbiF6URr5T58IQOhv9vCgApQptq5AdiMrpQR7fvEg8biNxt9Nol.aLI_CXZsogHuWShyx5kKeduifan0D01J0KOV_U4iDlgblQF.2AZyw9eJ9ykQl4cYYPGRHuyyctTB9EB_K7fNbRxvI4AoSVreysHoSGYVUVegeG7i2baA8oiX0Krcj7FrookXnkEux_XgHxbAQgUqscPOio_o2rzpBQdehspKmY2NgKWDy1BqC6fq5UN.D4ZcWA4Sh62cpIBxp02T8WAR_tPjTquv6wJcV4_BpgssvGCi14W5D8AozQNsrZ7mfAjrpgc6dAqwNaUMn7ZjvG5eHhWdZRzDfT.bgnZ8RuqRy0e2XHeUDEIURoYP6SZz68CBxjS208VyIPW1SNwFwu5WU2rhqgfRiqYwp1bFnZLlx.DoVaK.DiwhcT1iqhCvanza5.VWVCNoTQ3J9U2RaYEhf2w31TNQthmFOtOnKlPa0psH2P3sR55fyLhfLemWAGIM3HWmeW4yfsrNTVSIwVn04gQ8TlVFYVp3E2WV1yL8RXEVJdNRHdPuOUHNnkPW_GHPYext4iCL.X1AoGLVdi_uXRmiDpV_umHCK7lUv02l32LQa0B866Wmgzc.BF9s0igSYtIbXV08JnhSoV.w9RztgFFd.2GJV7jiMRkpavWeePES0sujfMyFvwa9sGhsANN.1N0sqjEtSrKnQVHOvfQ1cCZ68wHKWK.kQOwDvY98zg2fH5bJGntE5_fMbRvFPwVBQOeraY3VP.3z36dHNVF3bweLRWJaDvTa7R.1K8jOuXCLG_EKjo.HCeqm.Cf9Z89ukTcAKhnsTBXl.bVBLBdEsTo7aJBMArViMSlEaZYai9_E20kdcNtcNK_oZZgDw6Fz7qUeo8lqs3KkB1uQbO..yX7o5lEBP0TLrFgwulivDxH7BMHPk6m930.r7BUpXFDZh7lt86rN7yPvcU3mHVUzg1J5ws12FAKn9aBOpEXDH5kSkKgSjceyCn0i4.sTbN.QbFpcjka1OKGd_1gjqzauFJHaOWZynbwV4z5vxRukaOZ5i0cSz_iNd5JQHf8SbFCvCOw7zzC9SR53aM08OKpqvhEpdoh_XXOHYnusujXHR7AlhtUgSURyT.KZrpQTxokKVVn2F8e4ffhYBYvGt6hqy3V3pnu74lrSQR9HxzkecvoGW8SPdV0y5dZPXQ.QPNzlNzNkitITbrrL1PQpVDT2z3OtaMQLY00XlzVokg4MaZQbfBTzo9LddoFMqHyCFNPeVSS4RCZ_raE9DmH756sAehb7yfH16SYEzpXm25QUaRI42TTbDboJXWwOw8el1XVKmMqiqbdLy7pGiF.Km8qs6.l8PwVi0caHspT8h9aERBjw26ORXj2dii0Le9o19wpj.O6TB_m0VGRmieNkNQqqXHVizZ7yNmhaMdF_Fy2eaet8FYqefWJPyK5PiXnlPxsoBIj_qL3RBfRV97_U0b8tv7o.x_cH1G4iIEKKrunVBTDYQrl5byU84vIopG7lkbX2A_P2br7dhV7qA8o4RJJfzkmAZWCzrC1Ikm2HH8djFEX9YSV6wSnICks7R7LOP7IgTnlrNqDnOYNNh7badW9WUj8z2qVltt9SufnAxJAMQa6_BY2HodC.Ycyi5zEf5dVxwoteGkV4eoEIQuiLfbMyOnuUgWKRH5HXxn7rpKG4pNKkyaEwqdkDH2AEf4niZBN_jOcBsFLhqbMJ0jixestUYNGfAoXzjPFORjo.k67BBY"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a631aaec2fcdf';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/8366\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=0HNvR8DbFdupgVQEpIh5imV.EzEy3ebZE.7lCfP2cYM-1740011416-1.0.1.1-bUihBUgE2pDQLc4MHn9Q.OUAe_V_AiwtGYHU72W1pG4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>