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<span>Extent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economic importance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipping_hazards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping_hazards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Shipping hazards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipping_hazards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposals_to_relieve_the_strait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposals_to_relieve_the_strait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Proposals to relieve the strait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposals_to_relieve_the_strait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Strait of Malacca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 99 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seulat_Malaka" title="Seulat Malaka – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Seulat Malaka" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straat_van_Malakka" title="Straat van Malakka – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Straat van Malakka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7" title="مضيق ملقا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مضيق ملقا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrechu_de_Malaca" title="Estrechu de Malaca – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estrechu de Malaca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_bo%C4%9Faz%C4%B1" title="Malakka boğazı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malakka boğazı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Malaka" title="Selat Malaka – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Selat Malaka" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="মালাক্কা প্রণালী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মালাক্কা প্রণালী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_H%C3%A1i-kiap" title="Malacca Hái-kiap – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Malacca Hái-kiap" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D2%99%D1%8B" title="Малакка боғаҙы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Малакка боғаҙы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%9E" title="Малакскі праліў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малакскі праліў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA)" title="Малака (проток) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малака (проток)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%82" title="མ་ལིའུ་ཅ་མཚོ་འགག – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ལིའུ་ཅ་མཚོ་འགག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajski_prolaz" title="Malajski prolaz – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Malajski prolaz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strizh-mor_Malaka" title="Strizh-mor Malaka – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strizh-mor Malaka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estret_de_Malaca" title="Estret de Malaca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estret de Malaca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Malaka_(estretso)" title="Selat Malaka (estretso) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Selat Malaka (estretso)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malack%C3%BD_pr%C5%AFliv" title="Malacký průliv – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malacký průliv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaccastr%C3%A6det" title="Malaccastrædet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Malaccastrædet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fe_von_Malakka" title="Straße von Malakka – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Straße von Malakka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaka_v%C3%A4in" title="Malaka väin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Malaka väin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πορθμός της Μαλάκκας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πορθμός της Μαλάκκας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrecho_de_Malaca" title="Estrecho de Malaca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estrecho de Malaca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaka_Markolo" title="Malaka Markolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malaka Markolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakako_itsasartea" title="Malakako itsasartea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Malakako itsasartea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="تنگه ملاکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تنگه ملاکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakkafj%C3%B8r%C3%B0ur" title="Malakkafjørður – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Malakkafjørður" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9troit_de_Malacca" title="Détroit de Malacca – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Détroit de Malacca" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strjitte_fan_Malakka" title="Strjitte fan Malakka – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Strjitte fan Malakka" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreito_de_Malaca" title="Estreito de Malaca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estreito de Malaca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2-liuk-kap_H%C3%B3i-hia%CC%8Dp" title="Mâ-liuk-kap Hói-hia̍p – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mâ-liuk-kap Hói-hia̍p" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%88%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%B4_%ED%95%B4%ED%98%91" title="믈라카 해협 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="믈라카 해협" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81" title="Մալակկայի նեղուց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալակկայի նեղուց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="मलक्का जलडमरूमध्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलक्का जलडमरूमध्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajski_prolaz" title="Malajski prolaz – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Malajski prolaz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Malaka" title="Selat Malaka – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Selat Malaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretajo_di_Malaka" title="Stretajo di Malaka – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stretajo di Malaka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Malaka" title="Selat Malaka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Selat Malaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakkasund" title="Malakkasund – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Malakkasund" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretto_di_Malacca" title="Stretto di Malacca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stretto di Malacca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%94" title="מצר מלאקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצר מלאקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Melaka" title="Selat Melaka – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Selat Melaka" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94" title="მალაკის სრუტე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალაკის სრუტე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlango_wa_Malakka" title="Mlango wa Malakka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mlango wa Malakka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengava_Melakay%C3%AA" title="Tengava Melakayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tengava Melakayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Малакка кысыгы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Малакка кысыгы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fretum_Malaccense" title="Fretum Malaccense – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fretum Malaccense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakas_%C5%A1aurums" title="Malakas šaurums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Malakas šaurums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strooss_vu_Malakka" title="Strooss vu Malakka – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Strooss vu Malakka" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakos_s%C4%85siauris" title="Malakos sąsiauris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Malakos sąsiauris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaka-szoros" title="Malaka-szoros – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Malaka-szoros" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Малачки Проток – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малачки Проток" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മലാക്കാ കടലിടുക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലാക്കാ കടലിടുക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मलाक्काची सामुद्रधुनी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मलाक्काची सामुद्रधुनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მალაკიშ საროტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მალაკიშ საროტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Melaka" title="Selat Melaka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Selat Melaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Malaka" title="Selat Malaka – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Selat Malaka" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81-l%C4%83k-g%C4%83_H%C4%81i-hi%C4%95k" title="Mā-lăk-gă Hāi-hiĕk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mā-lăk-gă Hāi-hiĕk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="မလက္ကာရေလက်ကြား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မလက္ကာရေလက်ကြား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straat_Malakka" title="Straat Malakka – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Straat Malakka" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="मलक्का जलसन्धि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मलक्का जलसन्धि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="マラッカ海峡 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マラッカ海峡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struat_faan_Malakka" title="Struat faan Malakka – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Struat faan Malakka" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakkastredet" title="Malakkastredet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malakkastredet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakkasundet" title="Malakkasundet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Malakkasundet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrech_de_Malaca" title="Estrech de Malaca – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estrech de Malaca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_bo%CA%BBg%CA%BBozi" title="Malakka boʻgʻozi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Malakka boʻgʻozi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C" title="ਮਲੱਕਾ ਪਣਜੋੜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਲੱਕਾ ਪਣਜੋੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آبنائے ملاکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آبنائے ملاکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ទ្វារសមុទ្រមលក្កា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទ្វារសមុទ្រមលក្កា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cie%C5%9Bnina_Malakka" title="Cieśnina Malakka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cieśnina Malakka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreito_de_Malaca" title="Estreito de Malaca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estreito de Malaca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A2mtoarea_Malacca" title="Strâmtoarea Malacca – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Strâmtoarea Malacca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Малаккский пролив – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малаккский пролив" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨᱮᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨᱮᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آبنائے ملاکا – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آبنائے ملاکا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strait of Malacca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melack%C3%BD_prieliv" title="Melacký prieliv – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Melacký prieliv" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mela%C5%A1ki_preliv" title="Melaški preliv – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Melaški preliv" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="دەربەندی مالاکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەربەندی مالاکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Малајски мореуз – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малајски мореуз" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajski_prolaz" title="Malajski prolaz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malajski prolaz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakansalmi" title="Malakansalmi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malakansalmi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malackasundet" title="Malackasundet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malackasundet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipot_ng_Malaka" title="Kipot ng Malaka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strait_of_Malacca&params=4_N_100_E_scale:10000000&title=Strait+of+Malacca_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°N</span> <span class="longitude">100°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4°N 100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">4; 100</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Strait of Malacca</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacca_Straits&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Malacca Straits">Malacca Straits</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Strait between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Strait of Malacca</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Selat Melaka</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms" dir="rtl">سلت ملاک</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Selat Malaka</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">ช่องแคบมะละกา</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">மலாக்கா நீரிணை</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Tamil-language text"><i lang="ta">Malākkā nīriṇai</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">मलक्का जलडमरूमध्य</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">馬六甲海峽/马六甲海峡</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strait_of_Malacca_highlighted.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Strait_of_Malacca_highlighted.png/264px-Strait_of_Malacca_highlighted.png" decoding="async" width="264" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Strait_of_Malacca_highlighted.png/396px-Strait_of_Malacca_highlighted.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Strait_of_Malacca_highlighted.png/528px-Strait_of_Malacca_highlighted.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="850" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Strait of Malacca connects the Pacific Ocean to the east with the Indian Ocean to the west</div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a>-<a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Strait of Singapore">Strait of Singapore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strait_of_Malacca&params=4_N_100_E_scale:10000000&title=Strait+of+Malacca_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°N</span> <span class="longitude">100°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4°N 100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">4; 100</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Strait of Malacca</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. length</th><td class="infobox-data">930 km (580 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Min. width</th><td class="infobox-data">38 km (24 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">25 metres (82 ft) (minimum)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phuket" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket">Phuket</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Krabi" title="Krabi">Krabi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Satun" title="Satun">Satun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Aceh" title="Banda Aceh">Banda Aceh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lhokseumawe" title="Lhokseumawe">Lhokseumawe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Langsa" title="Langsa">Langsa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dumai" title="Dumai">Dumai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Batam" title="Batam">Batam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Langkawi" title="Langkawi">Langkawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lumut,_Perak" title="Lumut, Perak">Lumut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Klang" title="Port Klang">Port Klang</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Dickson" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Dickson">Port Dickson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_(town)" title="Batu Pahat (town)">Batu Pahat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Strait of Malacca</b> is a narrow stretch of water, 800 kilometres (500 mi) long and from 65 to 250 km (40–155 mi) wide, between the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> to the northeast and the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> to the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">connecting</a> the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a> (Indian Ocean) and the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> (Pacific Ocean).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the main <a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">shipping channel</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> oceans, it is one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Sea_lane" title="Sea lane">shipping lanes</a> in the world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name “Malacca” is traditionally associated with the Malacca tree (<a href="/wiki/Phyllanthus_emblica" title="Phyllanthus emblica">Phyllanthus emblica</a>), also known as the Indian gooseberry tree, and is believed to derive from the local <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay word</a><i> 'Melaka'.</i> According to historical traditions, <a href="/wiki/Parameswara_(king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameswara (king)">Parameswara</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatran</a> prince and the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a>, selected the site for his new kingdom where the city of <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a> now stands. It is said that he named the location "Melaka" after the Malacca tree under which he had rested. Over time, the name "Malacca" came to refer not only to the city but also to the strategically significant waterway between the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> and the Indonesian island of Sumatra, known as the Malacca Strait.<sup id="cite_ref-FRIM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRIM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extent">Extent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Extent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization" title="International Hydrographic Organization">International Hydrographic Organization</a> define the limits of the Strait of Malacca as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Malacca_OHI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Detroit_Malacca_OHI.png/220px-Detroit_Malacca_OHI.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Detroit_Malacca_OHI.png/330px-Detroit_Malacca_OHI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Detroit_Malacca_OHI.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>The OHI's definition of the Strait.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p><i>On the west.</i> A line joining <a href="/wiki/Point_Batee" title="Point Batee">Pedropunt</a>, the northernmost point of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strait_of_Malacca&params=5_40_N_95_26_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">95°26′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.667°N 95.433°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.667; 95.433</span></span></span></a></span></span>), and Lem Voalan, the southern extremity of <a href="/wiki/Phuket_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket Island">Goh Puket</a> [Phromthep Cape on <a href="/wiki/Phuket_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket Province">Phuket Island</a>] in Siam [<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>] (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strait_of_Malacca&params=7_45_N_98_18_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">98°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.750°N 98.300°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">7.750; 98.300</span></span></span></a></span></span>). </p><p><i>On the east.</i> A line joining <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Piai" title="Tanjung Piai">Tanjong Piai</a> (Bulus), the southern extremity of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strait_of_Malacca&params=1_16_N_103_31_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">103°31′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.267°N 103.517°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.267; 103.517</span></span></span></a></span></span>), and The Brothers (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strait_of_Malacca&params=1_11.5_N_103_21_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°11.5′N</span> <span class="longitude">103°21′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.1917°N 103.350°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.1917; 103.350</span></span></span></a></span></span>), and thence to <a href="/wiki/Little_Karimun" title="Little Karimun">Klein Karimoen</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strait_of_Malacca&params=1_10_N_103_23.5_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">103°23.5′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.167°N 103.3917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.167; 103.3917</span></span></span></a></span></span>). </p><p><i>On the north.</i> The southwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula. </p> <p><i>On the south.</i> The northeastern coast of Sumatra as far to the eastward as <a href="/wiki/Meranti_Islands_Regency" title="Meranti Islands Regency">Tanjong Kedabu</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Strait_of_Malacca&params=1_06_N_102_58_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">102°58′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.100°N 102.967°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.100; 102.967</span></span></span></a></span></span>), thence to Klein Karimoen.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Special:EditPage/Strait of Malacca">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Strait+of+Malacca%22">"Strait of Malacca"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Strait+of+Malacca%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Strait+of+Malacca%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Strait+of+Malacca%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Strait+of+Malacca%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Strait+of+Malacca%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melaka-strait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Melaka-strait.jpg/220px-Melaka-strait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Melaka-strait.jpg/330px-Melaka-strait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Melaka-strait.jpg/440px-Melaka-strait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Strait of Malacca as viewed from the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Besar_Island,_Malacca" title="Besar Island, Malacca">Besar Island</a> ('Big Island') is visible in the distance.</figcaption></figure> <p>Early traders from <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">southern India</a> reached <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> before arriving at <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>. Kedah served as a western port on the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>. They traded glassware, <a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">camphor</a>, cotton goods, <a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a>, perfume, and precious stones. These traders sailed to Kedah via the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> winds between June and November. They returned between December and May. Kedah provided accommodations, porters, small vessels, bamboo rafts, elephants, as well as tax collections for goods to be transported overland toward eastern ports of the Malay Peninsula such as <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>. After the tenth century, ships from China began to trade at these eastern trading posts and ports. Kedah and <a href="/wiki/Funan" title="Funan">Funan</a> were famous ports throughout the 6th century, before shipping began to use the Strait of Malacca itself as a trade route. </p><p>In the 7th century, the maritime empire of <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, rose to power, and its influence expanded to the Malay Peninsula and <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>. The empire gained effective control of two major choke points in maritime Southeast Asia: the Strait of Malacca and the <a href="/wiki/Sunda_Strait" title="Sunda Strait">Sunda Strait</a>. By launching a series of conquests and raids on potential rival ports on both sides of the strait, Srivijaya ensured its economic and military domination in the region, which lasted about 700 years. Srivijaya gained great benefits from the lucrative spice trade, e.g. the tributary trade system with China, and trade with Indian and Arab merchants. The Strait of Malacca became an important maritime trade route between India and China. The importance of the Strait of Malacca in global trade networks continued well into later centuries with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a> in the 15th century, the <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a>, and the modern city-state of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </p><p>Since the 17th century, the strait has been the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Various major regional powers have managed the straits during different historical periods.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_importance">Economic importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economic importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ship_on_the_Strait_of_Malacca_from_Bukit_Melawati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ship_on_the_Strait_of_Malacca_from_Bukit_Melawati.jpg/220px-Ship_on_the_Strait_of_Malacca_from_Bukit_Melawati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ship_on_the_Strait_of_Malacca_from_Bukit_Melawati.jpg/330px-Ship_on_the_Strait_of_Malacca_from_Bukit_Melawati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ship_on_the_Strait_of_Malacca_from_Bukit_Melawati.jpg/440px-Ship_on_the_Strait_of_Malacca_from_Bukit_Melawati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>A ship sailing on the Strait of Malacca, as seen from <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Melawati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukit Melawati">Bukit Melawati</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Selangor" title="Kuala Selangor">Kuala Selangor</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>From an economic and strategic perspective, the Strait of Malacca is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world. </p><p>The strait is the main shipping channel between the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, linking major Asian economies such as <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. The Strait of Malacca is part of the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a> that runs from the Chinese coast towards the southern tip of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>, from there through the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> to the Mediterranean, there to the upper <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> region to the northern Italian hub of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> with its rail connections to <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 94,000 vessels<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pass through the strait each year (2008) making it the busiest strait in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> carrying about 25% of the world's traded goods, including oil, Chinese manufactured products, coal, palm oil and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_coffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian coffee">Indonesian coffee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About a quarter of all oil carried by sea passes through the strait, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> suppliers to Asian markets. In 2007, an estimated 13.7 million <a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)#Oil_barrel" title="Barrel (unit)">barrels</a> per day were transported through the strait, increasing to an estimated 15.2 million barrels per day in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, it is also one of the world's most congested shipping <a href="/wiki/Choke_point" title="Choke point">choke points</a> because it narrows to only 2.8 km (1.5 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a>) wide at the Phillip Channel (close to southern <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">draught</a> of some of the world's largest ships (mostly <a href="/wiki/Oil_tankers" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil tankers">oil tankers</a>) exceeds the Strait's minimum depth of 25 metres (82 feet). This shallow point occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Strait" title="Singapore Strait">Singapore Strait</a>. The maximum size of a vessel that can pass through the Strait is referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Malaccamax" title="Malaccamax">Malaccamax</a>. The next closest passageway to the east, the <a href="/wiki/Sunda_Strait" title="Sunda Strait">Sunda Strait</a> between Sumatra and Java, is even shallower and narrower, meaning that ships exceeding the Malaccamax must detour a few thousand <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> and use the <a href="/wiki/Lombok_Strait" title="Lombok Strait">Lombok Strait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makassar_Strait" title="Makassar Strait">Makassar Strait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sibutu_Passage" title="Sibutu Passage">Sibutu Passage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mindoro_Strait" title="Mindoro Strait">Mindoro Strait</a> instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shipping_hazards">Shipping hazards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Shipping hazards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Strait_of_Malacca" title="Piracy in the Strait of Malacca">Piracy in the Strait of Malacca</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a> has been a problem in the strait. Piracy had been high in the 2000s, with additional increase after the events of September 11, 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After attacks rose again in the first half of 2004, regional navies stepped up their patrols of the area in July 2004. Subsequently, attacks on ships in the Strait of Malacca dropped, to 79 in 2005 and 50 in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attacks have dropped to near zero in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 34 <a href="/wiki/Shipwreck" title="Shipwreck">shipwrecks</a>, some dating to the 1880s, in the local TSS channel (the channel for commercial ships under the global <a href="/wiki/Traffic_Separation_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic Separation Scheme">Traffic Separation Scheme</a>). These pose a collision hazard in the narrow and shallow strait.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 August 2017, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_John_S._McCain_(DDG-56)" title="USS John S. McCain (DDG-56)">USS <i>John S. McCain</i></a> lost ten of its crew's lives in a <a href="/wiki/USS_John_S._McCain_and_Alnic_MC_collision" title="USS John S. McCain and Alnic MC collision">collision with the merchant ship</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Alnic_MC" class="mw-redirect" title="Alnic MC">Alnic MC</a></i> a short distance east of the strait whilst full steering capabilities had been lost. The ship had made a series of errors in attempted mitigation, its external lights being changed to "red over red" ("vessel not under command").<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysian_Haze_2005_Aerosol_Index.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Malaysian_Haze_2005_Aerosol_Index.jpg/220px-Malaysian_Haze_2005_Aerosol_Index.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Malaysian_Haze_2005_Aerosol_Index.jpg/330px-Malaysian_Haze_2005_Aerosol_Index.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Malaysian_Haze_2005_Aerosol_Index.jpg/440px-Malaysian_Haze_2005_Aerosol_Index.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption>Yearly <a href="/wiki/Haze" title="Haze">haze</a> from the smoke of raging bush fires, limiting visibility.</figcaption></figure> <p>Another risk is the annual <a href="/wiki/Haze" title="Haze">haze</a> due to wildfires in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. It may reduce visibility to 200 metres (660 ft), forcing ships to slow in the busy strait. The strait is frequently used by <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_container_ships" title="List of largest container ships">ships longer than 350 metres (1,150 ft)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposals_to_relieve_the_strait">Proposals to relieve the strait</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Proposals to relieve the strait"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Thai_Canal" title="Thai Canal">Thai Canal</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> has developed plans to divert much of the strait's traffic and hence some of its economic significance to a shorter route: the Thai government has several times proposed <a href="/wiki/Thai_Canal" title="Thai Canal">cutting a canal</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Kra" class="mw-redirect" title="Isthmus of Kra">Isthmus of Kra</a>, saving around 960 kilometres (600 mi) from the journey between the two oceans. <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> has offered to cover the costs, according to a report leaked to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i> in 2004. Nevertheless, and despite the support of several Thai politicians, the prohibitive financial and ecological costs suggest that the canal will not be built. </p><p>An alternative is to install a <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipeline</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Kra" class="mw-redirect" title="Isthmus of Kra">Isthmus of Kra</a> to carry oil to ships waiting on the other side. Proponents calculate it would cut the cost of oil delivery to <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> by about $0.50/barrel ($3/m<sup>3</sup>). <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> has also made a similar pipeline proposal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Geostrategic context</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Indonesia" title="Exclusive economic zone of Indonesia">Exclusive economic zone of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Malaysia" title="Exclusive economic zone of Malaysia">Exclusive economic zone of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Thailand" title="Exclusive economic zone of Thailand">Exclusive economic zone of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">Exclusive economic zone of India</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Local context</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaccamax" title="Malaccamax">Malaccamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingga_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingga Roads">Lingga Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_Strait_Bridge" title="Malacca Strait Bridge">Malacca Strait Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town, Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kedah" title="History of Kedah">History of Kedah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Kedah Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_10_September_1782" title="Action of 10 September 1782">Action of 10 September 1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penang" title="Battle of Penang">Battle of Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_November_1943" title="Action of 13 November 1943">Action of 13 November 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_11_January_1944" title="Action of 11 January 1944">Action of 11 January 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_14_February_1944" title="Action of 14 February 1944">Action of 14 February 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_July_1944" title="Action of 17 July 1944">Action of 17 July 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Malacca_Strait" title="Battle of the Malacca Strait">Battle of the Malacca Strait</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangroves_of_the_Straits_of_Malacca" title="Mangroves of the Straits of Malacca">Mangroves of the Straits of Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Strait_of_Malacca" title="Piracy in the Strait of Malacca">Piracy in the Strait of Malacca</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Malaccamax</b>. As the name suggests, Malaccamax ships are the largest ships that can pass through the Strait of Malacca which is 25 m (82 ft) deep at its shallowest. As per the current permissible limits, a Malaccamax vessel can have a maximum length of 400 m (1,312 ft), beam of 59 m (193.6 ft), and draught of 14.5 m (47.6 ft). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maritime-connector.com/wiki/ship-sizes/">Comparison of Tanker sizes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWinn2014" class="citation news cs1">Winn, Patrick (27 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/strait-malacca-worlds-new-piracy-hotspot-n63576">"Strait of Malacca Is World's New Piracy Hotspot"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170315003313/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/strait-malacca-worlds-new-piracy-hotspot-n63576">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Strait+of+Malacca+Is+World%27s+New+Piracy+Hotspot&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.aulast=Winn&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fstrait-malacca-worlds-new-piracy-hotspot-n63576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRIM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FRIM_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927035804/http://www.frim.gov.my/the-legendary-melaka-tree/">"The legendary Malaka tree"</a>. Forest Research Institute, Malaysia. 25 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frim.gov.my/the-legendary-melaka-tree/">the original</a> on 27 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+legendary+Malaka+tree&rft.pub=Forest+Research+Institute%2C+Malaysia&rft.date=2014-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frim.gov.my%2Fthe-legendary-melaka-tree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epic.awi.de/29772/1/IHO1953a.pdf"><i>Limits of Oceans and Seas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (3rd ed.). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. p. 23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Limits+of+Oceans+and+Seas&rft.pages=23&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=International+Hydrographic+Organization&rft.date=1953&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepic.awi.de%2F29772%2F1%2FIHO1953a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPineda2012" class="citation journal cs1">Pineda, Guillermo (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1931497">"The Strait of Malacca as one of the most important geopolitical regions for the People's Republic of China"</a>. <i>Academia.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130180635/http://www.academia.edu/1931497/The_Strait_of_Malacca_as_one_of_the_most_important_geopolitical_regions_for_the_People_s_Republic_of_China">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academia.edu&rft.atitle=The+Strait+of+Malacca+as+one+of+the+most+important+geopolitical+regions+for+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Pineda&rft.aufirst=Guillermo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1931497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018) pp 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMantoan2019" class="citation web cs1">Mantoan, Benedetta (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southworld.net/the-maritime-silk-road-in-south-east-asia/">"The Maritime Silk Road in South-East Asia"</a>. <i>www.southworld.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.southworld.net&rft.atitle=The+Maritime+Silk+Road+in+South-East+Asia.&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Mantoan&rft.aufirst=Benedetta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southworld.net%2Fthe-maritime-silk-road-in-south-east-asia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2020" class="citation web cs1">Sutton, H. I. (8 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/07/08/could-the-indian-navy-strangle-chinas-lifeline-in-the-malacca-strait/">"Could The Indian Navy Strangle China's Lifeline In The Malacca Strait?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Could+The+Indian+Navy+Strangle+China%27s+Lifeline+In+The+Malacca+Strait%3F&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=H.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fhisutton%2F2020%2F07%2F08%2Fcould-the-indian-navy-strangle-chinas-lifeline-in-the-malacca-strait%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supplychainasia.org/can-singapores-shipping-hub-survive-chinas-maritime-silk-road/">"Can Singapore's shipping hub survive China's Maritime Silk Road?"</a>. <i>Supply Chain Asia</i>. 30 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Supply+Chain+Asia&rft.atitle=Can+Singapore%27s+shipping+hub+survive+China%27s+Maritime+Silk+Road%3F&rft.date=2019-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupplychainasia.org%2Fcan-singapores-shipping-hub-survive-chinas-maritime-silk-road%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/08/200981993714453320.html">Ships collide off Malaysian coast</a>. Aljazeera.net. 19 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605224726/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/08/200981993714453320.html">Archived</a> 2011-06-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/World_Oil_Transit_Chokepoints/wotc.pdf">Strait of Malacca - World Oil Transit Chokepoints</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122053242/http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/World_Oil_Transit_Chokepoints/wotc.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-11-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2003" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Donald B. (2003). <i>The Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet?</i>. <a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2515-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2515-7"><bdi>0-7735-2515-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Straits+of+Malacca%3A+Gateway+or+Gauntlet%3F&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7735-2515-7&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span>. A book review citing this information can be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/university_of_toronto_quarterly/v074/74.1roosa.html">University of Toronto Quarterly, Volume 74, Number 1, Winter 2004/5, pp. 528-530</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/World_Oil_Transit_Chokepoints/wotc.pdf">"World Oil Transit Chokepoints"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.eia.gov</i>. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122053242/http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/World_Oil_Transit_Chokepoints/wotc.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eia.gov&rft.atitle=World+Oil+Transit+Chokepoints&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fcountries%2Fanalysisbriefs%2FWorld_Oil_Transit_Chokepoints%2Fwotc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond2009" class="citation journal cs1">Raymond, Catherine (2009). "PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY IN THE MALACCA STRAIT: A Problem Solved?". <i>Naval War College Review</i>. <b>62</b>: 31–42 – via Proquest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naval+War+College+Review&rft.atitle=PIRACY+AND+ARMED+ROBBERY+IN+THE+MALACCA+STRAIT%3A+A+Problem+Solved%3F&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=31-42&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joc.com/maritime-news/piracy-down-3rd-year-row-imb-report_20070122.html">Piracy down 3rd year in row: IMB report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217221649/https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/piracy-down-3rd-year-row-imb-report_20070122.html">Archived</a> 2013-12-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Journal of Commerce Online, January 23, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107012031/http://maritimesecurity.asia/free-2/piracy-2/drastic-drop-in-piracy-in-malacca-straits/">"Drastic drop in piracy in Malacca Straits"</a>. <i>maritimesecurity.asia</i>. 21 April 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maritimesecurity.asia/free-2/piracy-2/drastic-drop-in-piracy-in-malacca-straits/">the original</a> on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maritimesecurity.asia&rft.atitle=Drastic+drop+in+piracy+in+Malacca+Straits&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaritimesecurity.asia%2Ffree-2%2Fpiracy-2%2Fdrastic-drop-in-piracy-in-malacca-straits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2006" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Sharidan Mohd Ali (2 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012073905/http://thestar.com.my:80/news/story.asp?file=/2006/1/2/maritime/12941448&sec=maritime">"34 wrecks in sealane threaten passing ships"</a>. <i>thestar.com.my</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/1/2/maritime/12941448&sec=maritime">the original</a> on 12 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thestar.com.my&rft.atitle=34+wrecks+in+sealane+threaten+passing+ships&rft.date=2006-01-02&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Sharidan+Mohd+Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2006%2F1%2F2%2Fmaritime%2F12941448%26sec%3Dmaritime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffairs" class="citation web cs1">Affairs, This story was written by U.S. 7th Fleet Public. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=102034">"UPDATE: USS John S. McCain Collides with Merchant Ship"</a>. <i>navy.mil</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105081658/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=102034">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=navy.mil&rft.atitle=UPDATE%3A+USS+John+S.+McCain+Collides+with+Merchant+Ship&rft.aulast=Affairs&rft.aufirst=This+story+was+written+by+U.S.+7th+Fleet+Public&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navy.mil%2Fsubmit%2Fdisplay.asp%3Fstory_id%3D102034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNachmani2003" class="citation book cs1">Nachmani, Amikam (8 November 2003). <i>Turkey: facing a new millennium: Coping with Intertwined Conflicts (Europe in Change)</i>. Manchester, United Kingdom: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719063701" title="Special:BookSources/9780719063701"><bdi>9780719063701</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%3A+facing+a+new+millennium%3A+Coping+with+Intertwined+Conflicts+%28Europe+in+Change%29&rft.place=Manchester%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2003-11-08&rft.isbn=9780719063701&rft.aulast=Nachmani&rft.aufirst=Amikam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrait+of+Malacca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Borschberg, Peter, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4302722">The Singapore and Melaka Straits: Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th Century</a></i> (Singapore and Leiden: NUS Press and KITLV Press, 2010).</li> <li>Borschberg, Peter, ed., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4302708">Iberians in the Singapore-Melaka Area and Adjacent Regions</a> (16th to 18th Century)</i> (Wiesbaden and Lisbon: Harrassowitz and Fundação Oriente, 2004).</li> <li>Borschberg, Peter, ed. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4302722">The Memoirs and Memorials of Jacques de Coutre. Security, Trade and Society in 17th Century Southeast Asia</a></i> (Singapore: NUS Press, 2013).</li> <li>Borschberg, Peter, ed., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4302783">Journal, Memorials and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th Century Southeast Asia</a></i> (Singapore: NUS Press, 2015).</li> <li>Borschberg, Peter, "The value of Admiral Matelieff's writings for the history of Southeast Asia, c. 1600–1620", <i>Journal of Southeast Asian Studies,</i> 48(3), pp. 414–435. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002246341700056X">10.1017/S002246341700056X</a></li> <li>Borschberg P. and M. Krieger, ed., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4311610">Water and State in Asia and Europe</a></i> (New Delhi: Manohar, 2008).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Strait_of_Malacca" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Strait of Malacca</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Strait+of+Malacca">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Strait+of+Malacca&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/World_Oil_Transit_Chokepoints/wotc.pdf">World oil transit chokepoints</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbr.org/publications/element.aspx?id=467">Maritime Security in Southeast Asia: U.S., Japanese, Regional, and Industry Strategies</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Asian_Research" title="National Bureau of Asian Research">National Bureau of Asian Research</a>, November 2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3925277.stm">BBC News report on the increased security in the Straits</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2752802">"Going for the jugular" Report on the potential terrorist threat to the Straits. From the Economist, requires subscription, in the print edition June 10, 2004</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/national/20050117-115550-1929r.htm">China builds up strategic sea lanes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706051608/http://www.imo.org/includes/blastDataOnly.asp/data_id%3D3668/marineelectronichighwayarticle.pdf">A report from the International Maritime Organisation on the implementation of a Straits "Marine Electronic Highway" - a series of technological measures to ensure safe and efficient use of the busy waters</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hM-9joPZMj8C&pg=PA51">Malacca, Singapore, and Indonesia</a> (1978) by Michael Leifer</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050317141338/http://www.fsas.upm.edu.my/~masdec/web/straits.html">The Malacca Straits Research and Development Centre homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051221005030/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/7E69A41A-E46F-41D9-AD34-26BA06933A87.htm">Al-Jazeera: Malacca Strait nations plan air patrol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528100902/http://www.zef.de/fileadmin/webfiles/downloads/zef_wp/zef_wp17_evers-gerke.pdf">The Strategic Importance of the Straits of Malacca for World Trade and Regional Development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100304/ap_on_re_as/as_singapore_terror_threat;_ylt=Athi3z3jzMzU62jBaOvBAaSs0NUE;_ylu=X3oDMTJzaWdicmZqBGFzc2V0A2FwLzIwMTAwMzA0L2FzX3NpbmdhcG9yZV90ZXJyb3JfdGhyZWF0BGNwb3MDMwRwb3MDMTMEc2VjA3luX3RvcF9zdG9yeQRzbGsDc2luZ2Fwb3Jld2Fy">AP: Singapore warns of terror threat in Malacca Strait, 2010-03-04</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indonesian_seas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_Indonesian_seas" title="Template:List of Indonesian seas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Indonesian_seas" title="Template talk:List of Indonesian seas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_Indonesian_seas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of Indonesian seas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indonesian_seas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Indonesian seas</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Indian_Archipelago" title="East Indian Archipelago">East Indian Archipelago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ocean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sea" title="Bali Sea">Bali Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea" title="Banda Sea">Banda Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_Sea" title="Flores Sea">Flores Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea" title="Halmahera Sea">Halmahera Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea" title="Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natuna_Sea" title="Natuna Sea">Natuna Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_Sea" title="Savu Sea">Savu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Sea" title="Seram Sea">Seram Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Sea" title="Timor Sea">Timor Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alas_Strait" title="Alas Strait">Alas Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alor_Strait" title="Alor Strait">Alor Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badung_Strait" title="Badung Strait">Badung Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Strait" title="Bali Strait">Bali Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Strait" title="Bangka Strait">Bangka Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhala_Strait" title="Berhala Strait">Berhala Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampier_Strait_(Indonesia)" title="Dampier Strait (Indonesia)">Dampier Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Strait" title="Gaspar Strait">Gaspar Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimata_Strait" title="Karimata Strait">Karimata Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laut_Strait" title="Laut Strait">Laut Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombok_Strait" title="Lombok Strait">Lombok Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madura_Strait" title="Madura Strait">Madura Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_Strait" title="Makassar Strait">Makassar Strait</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malacca Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_Strait" title="Mentawai Strait">Mentawai Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombai_Strait" title="Ombai Strait">Ombai Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitt_Strait_(Indonesia)" title="Pitt Strait (Indonesia)">Pitt Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau_Strait" title="Riau Strait">Riau Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupat_Strait" title="Rupat Strait">Rupat Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sape_Strait" title="Sape Strait">Sape Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selayar_Strait" title="Selayar Strait">Selayar Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Strait" title="Singapore Strait">Singapore Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumba_Strait" title="Sumba Strait">Sumba Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Strait" title="Sunda Strait">Sunda Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetar_Strait" title="Wetar Strait">Wetar Strait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gulf</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Bay" title="Ambon Bay">Ambon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balikpapan_Bay" title="Balikpapan Bay">Balikpapan Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Gulf" title="Berau Gulf">Berau Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintuni_Bay" title="Bintuni Bay">Bintuni Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Boni" title="Gulf of Boni">Boni Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenderawasih_Bay" title="Cenderawasih Bay">Cenderawasih Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Bay" title="Jakarta Bay">Jakarta Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_Bay" title="Lampung Bay">Lampung Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palabuhanratu_Bay" title="Palabuhanratu Bay">Palabuhanratu Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Bay" title="Saleh Bay">Saleh Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semangka_Bay" title="Semangka Bay">Semangka Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tolo" title="Gulf of Tolo">Tolo Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tomini" title="Gulf of Tomini">Tomini Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yos_Sudarso_Bay" title="Yos Sudarso Bay">Yos Sudarso Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia portal</a> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/16px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/24px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_seas" title="Template:List of seas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_seas" title="Template talk:List of seas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_seas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of seas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_oceans_and_seas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_oceans" title="Borders of the oceans">oceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">seas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Sea" title="Amundsen Sea">Amundsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_Sea" title="Bellingshausen Sea">Bellingshausen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Sea" title="Cooperation Sea">Cooperation Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts_Sea" title="Cosmonauts Sea">Cosmonauts Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Sea" title="Davis Sea">Davis Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Urville_Sea" title="D'Urville Sea">D'Urville Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Haakon_VII_Sea" title="King Haakon VII Sea">King Haakon VII Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarev_Sea" title="Lazarev Sea">Lazarev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawson_Sea" title="Mawson Sea">Mawson Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riiser-Larsen_Sea" title="Riiser-Larsen Sea">Riiser-Larsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_Sea" title="Scotia Sea">Scotia Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somov_Sea" title="Somov Sea">Somov Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_Sea" title="Weddell Sea">Weddell Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Gulf" title="Amundsen Gulf">Amundsen Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Sea" title="Chukchi Sea">Chukchi Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Sea" title="East Siberian Sea">East Siberian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Boothia" title="Gulf of Boothia">Gulf of Boothia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laptev_Sea" title="Laptev Sea">Laptev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sea" title="Lincoln Sea">Lincoln Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechora_Sea" title="Pechora Sea">Pechora Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf_Sea" title="Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea">Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Sea" title="Queen Victoria Sea">Queen Victoria Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandel_Sea" title="Wandel Sea">Wandel Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mediterranean_Sea" title="American Mediterranean Sea">American Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_Sea" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sea" title="Argentine Sea">Argentine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bay of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Bay of Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Sea" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxe_Basin" title="Foxe Basin">Foxe Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra" title="Gulf of Sidra">Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venezuela" title="Gulf of Venezuela">Gulf of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminger_Sea" title="Irminger Sea">Irminger Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Sea" title="Labrador Sea">Labrador Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtoan_Sea" title="Myrtoan Sea">Myrtoan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sea" title="Norwegian Sea">Norwegian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_%C3%85land" title="Sea of Åland">Sea of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_the_Hebrides" title="Sea of the Hebrides">Sea of the Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_Sea" title="Flores Sea">Flores Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Sea" title="Timor Sea">Timor Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sea" title="Bali Sea">Bali Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea" title="Banda Sea">Banda Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Sea" title="Bismarck Sea">Bismarck Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camotes_Sea" title="Camotes Sea">Camotes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sea" title="Chilean Sea">Chilean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Anadyr" title="Gulf of Anadyr">Gulf of Anadyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Panama" title="Gulf of Panama">Gulf of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea" title="Halmahera Sea">Halmahera Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_Sea" title="Koro Sea">Koro Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Grau" title="Mar de Grau">Mar de Grau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea" title="Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Gulf" title="Moro Gulf">Moro Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_Sea" title="Salish Sea">Salish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_Sea" title="Savu Sea">Savu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Sea" title="Seram Sea">Seram Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Seto Inland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantar_Sea" title="Shantar Sea">Shantar Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibuyan_Sea" title="Sibuyan Sea">Sibuyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea" title="Solomon Sea">Solomon Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_Sea" title="Visayan Sea">Visayan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superocean" title="Superocean">Superocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48359#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315939204">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316432304">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1242662/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4074493-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85080012">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15523609m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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