CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134ab45cbc0f8ce',cH: 'pwGS_SyWWYsI4Rs65zt_bI3Da6HBKRPNeWlSULWy5gU-1739783686-1.2.1.1-2AOvQ7Al3PDfVkc6pCGDjilw_e8WgLCH3ZUI18F6BuNvimZXg2vrC8uNj_RSTbwU',cUPMDTk: "\/10011038\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=bhxUGXl9XpJb_kG639Xp5d4_5LvQEBaJ9GYOuIY21m8-1739783686-1.0.1.1-UgIVjqtuopDqvg8cpPyOzdIynzvASMicy_S0tGcIHWo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783686',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10011038\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=bhxUGXl9XpJb_kG639Xp5d4_5LvQEBaJ9GYOuIY21m8-1739783686-1.0.1.1-UgIVjqtuopDqvg8cpPyOzdIynzvASMicy_S0tGcIHWo",md: ".FCKQPcNqmQ30iQPBmeupKsFvUCRUtMAfJ3NBfqrDWw-1739783686-1.2.1.1-iLpop6UkjA7ARNpa80xO7w99brXlzGImNlUjlsoTHt5Jo1xTlc9PfpRSp39UwBtQJtrk9_eeEJD7A8FMmjYQfVrEuyqhjnlTm.Bq2ocxBk3jaiPPDrtZtS8vsXhqj2qBr6px1G8W1C7egKNuiauwCu0.gsbev9rVTQmr2z.z4BgMCMzUf6IpcLIB2igg4BexJjLsrr.7IMR26.7olAYZO3KQaJpZgVVkFpm8bH1nwG_UdGvwwrtEIn1LH._D52Gjr0uq0z_369H1kQq6HucQS4NIOB2_h1bl0xFZbfIwcZIYl7bHwknHUgdT_jr9O6H2Q6Vt59hZmPuzly5Dkwl0ztJONboDEhYpJZjAUsfCPDBUuyJqe9KnUNH6UUflLw4ysrABBLujTk.PegD6jzm.yNxupeI6kXi573_Aof5bklzcaUiNJmMLLFjX6DH.4YUnQMcN0HX2gHd3R5Q99U7Bijkcf9XVhVK3UmXoX4eBEtk4KrmUSX.8TEh3lE1AHLsAwK9ui8NzSCJNdB8XnnVh4xeeIMMFxHNSw_1xpUnvRtiruPaNJIOnW_bkI6w12hUsv545SXq9u2dUtM87ZPUzAKx4AzBOdfPRtrjlAVFefb6nDFDkBAQmupAvGV2TbDO3n7cusEvvN57_KFx4J82pm6T_LzzuZF7qrvJpPqBatTylV3SblP0b_ECn0anMu9kkvhKMp8txIkE__hQEo1ULyRLG18t74ac54lfTY5O_KFvzg5wXU2lRN7.zjkKN1i032oRnk2oWl5pRbtyQJVdxKFZt2h2zMhlxauNgGqlo3pMc.W3PRdSWQw6acR8_2vlpbD1_ZOvTov7VO0qoPJ59w2Vpa.n09Ki9owzArKx93crZAVmaixi4bA_.gJ8YwI9cayTIru0eYYvtb0vwrRMUAn1igLEDuM08FD_EpSfyXLhtAXnyi1w7DcIAlz4x8uKEsqkZAKYN08bQO7vofEmLtbOFoASBiCwEl1gOMD2U9mb1zs1RVFlGggIkmjEkyV3VE8K9vw55eQBQa7mIjAW6BCGoGGLFrYUNigEW897d4aVDk8M4NljaN_tOSmDAYDc4oTUBRd86fpDdPdHLEZtAuERyhKWOmu.0xsb.ZECkn7KVz6RMnntW4PQJN_JMDDKvi.XkToIPOjmjL9S1kdbmy_ANBmrWbMWoskOinDnUtfd6c6leo8GS0xIpDSnEvbaIV9bSTL2U6aRfZeX1x.zRbsP74X7Lyx3ezy1YDWdserFp5tBIr21ZLWtYQdb5qbVgNhHKGS2cb41Bs_CacDyIYps99PowTH91FlCnzAxV8zekTv..9Wb6MsTWi8IyEsPGcN0E40rK7oJLSKDEqSmIvtvsH94nfYdVSHOtBhDYFxs7.eVWqsVUXUs7ERYMO8mhqgr2PIiz7.cdUknD4i1MlpDEhI4o1gcSskvx5F50dMbd3dBqFHVgOuUoKndrAa_vC2UKkcJuMltJKn9hIhzlHdDZYy13OQ_ZQAg7_Cf9EaNRaPEazrjcdGP3hfdcIFGOfbxC1XoPYkollV8g4OMj7LJ1LzAM0uZ8jMEkPWm4r8NEaJ4em1Do7_fSOZ4R7bwsjjsOMT5okPUDNTKp7sGBvzT9Rav.7_TMrJ67p_TiZin8xd0yrgI3EyAmV.EkT7V0BlG8a16VZTINKV7Cvy39IgvDRFnnjqpixZ_IaCefn_DARa0RLsQCWXBG3CU8gjGdPHCblhrAhd1Djbah4P0PCe5G.sMtIhMgg7s_K1VPCw79A8aniL1QZuPo.2sCd6hg5FezMCO3BXwh7IX7_uNIpVs9jhGABi8jrmLzQ2HBZcpJElIk82NAeuvGDZPgNLR.X2vEHdW4EzLaK35_qaMcEZCheBVKV2klQ7oDezggbEA",mdrd: "CrXhYgOaU8svzJqqdT5EZjPPLtTWvbKcU98qoosACQw-1739783686-1.2.1.1-ZSTJt0Inxu6pC23C2Rcocycxo0AFZGTdNGWXz2T6WLCq_7p7wzhB7DP2gdNC.T27Aw97mwEOzeiMU1UjxIY6S.RHiw3s4ccNOyLuVEdVbcpSnXSMApzl0Dcffkjr4wmtSAJgdkLra80KWvilwBWmXIt.QHXEpz17NUii6oDlH1NzdT2acxr5.TtFZGfB_7CcxDcJBkd33lcrJMstdqOut331gI6gs_XdfjKTC9VgOUqyIybjNl1Ies4pCi1aDtwa2DSruL9e7BAjer2DZMBJsbKu6a0ocpcCADfXEg_r1FQdO1Jhzx72DL_TbkjcdaRix2slTULpzZBfG2ZqnRrZkqpkYvIOomN7cexbJMymX4sIjnTrjgZS7cE7P547RA9zJrYIKtv.DozZtFLtMwgDAjBbbc2nPTyp5nRO7YJ1nb1Yw3upwdYg29ELrCFZaLomRkSRUmhaulo2ZC5nQoMw5mE4wY.COv1ksm3nc_oJMo4xCYQBBOKlFOBlyec.ZfGpdTvemzA1jSzYocAU_d.UnWvuFTsC9WGqg4H0Jvm9tWTly8ToyQlpyZjt2nULrlomerqW3B3NT6zxuSHdnAzDI9cmlLklYTg52HA9Xy7bJ5Of6WzbOxIOIrDKVgp.Em2yE7AC_UzhUncZdUd8U01pIqzP6suYifoYd3nK4CzTdoqqnba41AAJ2HuFIZTmCyIMqYtwm0tvafAzxxx0.N6M4j59dsf5pmgHVnJuB.92FIeQyU6ngFEdpLDyCDaeN7.YeqOi2tsLd7ZgRPjEgPSJn_NKqNBoqUdkp3IckICV0XeRhTUVb_wQwo8TpANOgXt4eJWlisUT5QHR0e432q6hWUO2FIckrCul.HR2f3P7U3sfkTGiHOToKR0v_t9kaaOhXSfEeb_tuY4fsXxzrEn6SvQag3gDS.ceLvH5lPB9OXX8byPHW_Apr6WahMsVtPfcnFUi70vx8jPEx7kS3ZwUmx9K_QhQnbxuk4LoTMPLZTxoMWOzvweyocZy0x9pmz3jUIpU9PsnCU9NddgN98XDQzOK37k8TW7SgT8cXl3Gs_KF97vnugaLyIf6fKQVMcxcRkr7zX3DzDy2RmK0vw.ppL5U0myNL10nNdJ7IREF1.ySndnx2.IqwGLoP51QVP1OOiIvdk8t2s9PwMvZjH4svHgpFAcfzGYIJIHyp4ouwZWcThsVQl4LluCBxB.BM5GPh_O_JePd7i6Ujnw7Bvx7jCJ9skILlXTE6LpbB3Yq7w5UXK.Vz6wdZDCemsoRNMpKOeuXGqg_yimwxDAjPEC5544HnSu.FUos2iT3uw8h75zqxIzsEmegsZO29_PHWr9q6urF72b.VR90v2dAC2mNW_jrAmT0kf6NEICDyWQTDzCuuQr1WhKFJDTCSKU.CB1RA14E0rEGNELcXtgG30vYdJhDKALHelLXAC2NXZE5WPU4OovTpJdPWKH6NXpUoi7KtkwR1ZB_AajL7_cqECuM94LSZPRXJNyAmlUIDGxBfa2isgD6ubqAUDP6XCAqRbeCGcN8SKL._BW3uPI8wB4rLFxKOJkK_c._7BF73WILqNRdtg6HLi6nu386IQ8e3nNlBF8E1F_rttyGmyaqdXE68chLbyArwDXTaSVNxBodsCqIEcBpSweMnMgch06qYLFkRWqWTHX_NvGKKOlD3jqt1o2f64N_ZPJE39J46p97_3iDuJu2WrwaK89ipsws68zxBWFdwrZWOl7FkPyECGNlJUcP6ZErqLASepvtGMeoJfd0qpISIz3MQ35zEki9QBULV5ew8076KrLBaGwjrbjsRLQP.m80J19jJlmJqZuCxp6Ssr_J_YYr08cN2wLqVpelYkJ10keqqz_.dyvm3XztdmsYIUnm_MPOmjqiazb5RIvJlEly0XzckXKO_nG12Fr80jtDcI1XGph4Z9po1A2naSNH7_v_yz4qvn.4x8eBBHMT8uhEzhHMynTzexG6aFM3nmhTm6mnHwa15oF5O8n08zpg6PWyVmZ1GupGy5JrTZ8"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134ab45cbc0f8ce';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10011038\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=bhxUGXl9XpJb_kG639Xp5d4_5LvQEBaJ9GYOuIY21m8-1739783686-1.0.1.1-UgIVjqtuopDqvg8cpPyOzdIynzvASMicy_S0tGcIHWo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>