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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nietzsche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nietzsche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nietzsche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nietzsche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 89 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عدمية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="عدميه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عدميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismu" title="Nihilismu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nihilismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizm" title="Nihilizm – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nihilizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="نیهیلیسم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیهیلیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нигилизм – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нигилизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нігілізм – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нігілізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нігілізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нігілізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Нихилизъм – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нихилизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ধ্বংসবাদ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধ্বংসবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizam" title="Nihilizam – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nihilizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ھیچخوازی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیچخوازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismus" title="Nihilismus – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nihilismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihiliaeth" title="Nihiliaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nihiliaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismus" title="Nihilismus – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nihilismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizm" title="Nihilizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nihilizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Μηδενισμός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μηδενισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="هیچ‌انگاری – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیچ‌انگاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismi" title="Nihilismi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nihilismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihil%C3%AD" title="Nihilí – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nihilí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="虛無主義 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="虛無主義" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="ניהיליזם – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניהיליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="नास्तिवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नास्तिवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizam" title="Nihilizam – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nihilizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizmus" title="Nihilizmus – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nihilizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Նիհիլիզմ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիհիլիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Նիհիլիզմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նիհիլիզմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3mhyggja" title="Tómhyggja – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tómhyggja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichilismo" title="Nichilismo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nichilismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%92%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="ニヒリズム – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニヒリズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyilizim" title="Niyilizim – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Niyilizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ნიჰილიზმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიჰილიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нигилизм – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нигилизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6" title="ನಿರಾಕರಣವಾದ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿರಾಕರಣವಾದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%AC%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="허무주의 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허무주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AE%C3%A7perest%C3%AE" title="Hîçperestî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hîçperestî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нигилизм – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нигилизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismus" title="Nihilismus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nihilismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizmas" title="Nihilizmas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nihilizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisms" title="Nihilisms – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nihilisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Нихилизам – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нихилизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="നിഹിലിസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിഹിലിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme_(filosofie)" title="Nihilisme (filosofie) – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nihilisme (filosofie)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="शुन्यवाद – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="शुन्यवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nihilisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niilisme" title="Niilisme – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Niilisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਨਹਿਲਵਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਹਿਲਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizm" title="Nihilizm – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nihilizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="نیهیلیزم – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نیهیلیزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niilismo" title="Niilismo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Niilismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нигилизм – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нигилизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нігілізм – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нігілізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ناڪاريت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ناڪاريت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizam" title="Nihilizam – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nihilizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizmus" title="Nihilizmus – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nihilizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizmi" title="Nihilizmi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nihilizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Нихилизам – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нихилизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nihilism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இல்லாமை தத்துவம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இல்லாமை தத்துவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="สุญนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สุญนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilismo" title="Nihilismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nihilismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilizm" title="Nihilizm – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nihilizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Нігілізм – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нігілізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="عدمیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عدمیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigilizm" title="Nigilizm – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nigilizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuy%E1%BA%BFt_h%C6%B0_v%C3%B4" title="Thuyết hư vô – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuyết hư vô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="虚无主义 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="虚无主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ნიჰილიზმი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიჰილიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="虚无主义 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="虚无主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="虛無主義 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="虛無主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80968#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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Het woord komt van het Latijnse "nihil" dat letterlijk "niets" betekent. De term is sterk verbonden met de filosoof <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, die veel over nihilisme schreef en er een specifieke invulling aan gaf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme_(filosofie)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme_(filosofie)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:P_merwart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/P_merwart.jpg/260px-P_merwart.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/P_merwart.jpg/390px-P_merwart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/P_merwart.jpg/520px-P_merwart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Merwart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Merwart (de pagina bestaat niet)">Paul Merwart</a> <i>La Nihiliste</i>, 1882</figcaption></figure> <p>De term bestaat in ieder geval al sinds de <a href="/wiki/Franse_Revolutie" title="Franse Revolutie">Franse Revolutie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de filosofie werd nihilisme gepopulariseerd door <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Heinrich_Jacobi" title="Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi">Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi</a> in <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>, in een kritiek op <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De term wordt in deze tijd gebruikt om een afkering of afbraak te beschrijven van ‘hoogste waarden’.<sup id="cite_ref-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De term werd negatief gebruikt, zelfs als scheldwoord. In de eerste helft van de 19e eeuw werd de term in veel landen gebruikt door diegenen die vreesden voor de slechte invloed van een afkering van het geloof en de gangbare culturele waarden. Deze schrijvers vreesden een beweging "die niets heel laat van wat voor hen de hoogste waarden zijn."<sup id="cite_ref-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Met <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Toergenjev" title="Ivan Toergenjev">Toergenjevs</a> <i>Vaders en Zonen</i> werd in <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> in de jaren 60 van de 19e eeuw de term nihilisme voor het eerst gebruikt in positieve zin. In dit boek geeft de hoofdpersoon Bazarov de volgende definitie: </p> <blockquote><p>"Een nihilist, dat is iemand die niet buigt voor autoriteiten, iemand die geen principe zomaar op goed geloof aanneemt, hoe goed en eerbiedwaardig het ook moge zijn..."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Nihilisme_(politieke_stroming)" title="Nihilisme (politieke stroming)">nihilistische beweging</a> die in <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> opkwam in de jaren 1860-1870 had geen vastomlijnd programma en werd gekenmerkt door het zich afzetten tegen de gangbare overtuigingen. De term ging over op de hierop volgende radicalere groeperingen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De term werd hierop meer en meer gebruikt om extremisten van elke vorm te beschrijven, en werd daarmee wederom een scheldwoord.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nietzsche">Nietzsche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme_(filosofie)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nietzsche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme_(filosofie)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nietzsche"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Met <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a> is het begrip nihilisme een sterk filosofisch begrip geworden. Een eenduidige definitie is lastig te geven, omdat hij de term in verschillende vormen voorstelt. Gemeenschappelijk in de definities is een besef van zinloosheid. Een bekende omschrijving van Nietzsche: „Was bedeutet Nihilismus? - Dass die obersten Werte sich entwerten. Es fehlt das Ziel. Es fehlt die Antwort auf das ‘Wozu?’." </p><p>Nietzsche omschreef zichzelf als een nihilist, maar wel vanuit een eigen invalshoek. Dit wordt tegenwoordig grotendeels bestreden. Zijn positieve opvattingen over het bestaan van waarheid en zijn erkenning van de (menselijke) natuur en geaardheid onderscheiden hem van de hoofdstroming in het nihilisme.<sup id="cite_ref-Michels_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michels-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zijn verwerping van het bestaan van een volmaakte bron van absolute, universele en transcendentale waarden heeft hij gemeen met het nihilisme, maar anders dan andere nihilisten was hij geen nihilist in hart en nieren en heeft hij het nihilisme nooit verdedigd en toonde hij zich er zelfs heel kritisch over.<sup id="cite_ref-Cline_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cline-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zijn gecompliceerde verhouding met het nihilisme blijkt onder meer uit zijn bewering dat "waarheden illusies (zijn), waarvan we vergeten zijn dat ze het zijn", en zijn stelling dat het <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">christendom</a> de ultieme vorm van nihilisme zou zijn. </p><p>Volgens Nietzsche wordt het nihilisme gekenmerkt door: </p> <ul><li>Ongeldigheid van moraal, in de zin dat morele waarden geen absolute geldigheid hebben; moraal is subjectief, zo bestaat er een slavenmoraal die geleid wordt door ressentiment en een heersersmoraal. Als laatste bestaat er ook nog het moraal van de übermensch, de mens die dit spel doorziet en hier zelf een moraal van schept.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 27 april 2011 een bronvermelding gewenst.">[bron?]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ongeldigheid van waarheid: objectieve eeuwige waarheden zijn niet kenbaar; waarheid is subjectief.</li> <li>Er is geen god: een eeuwige macht bestaat niet; de mens staat alleen.</li> <li>Eeuwige herhaling: de geschiedenis heeft geen doel.</li></ul> <p>Om deze redenen wordt Nietzsche ook wel gezien als een <a href="/wiki/Existentialisme" title="Existentialisme">existentialist</a>. De weg uit het nihilisme ziet Nietzsche in de mogelijkheid van mensen om <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbermensch" title="Übermensch">übermenschen</a> te worden, die zich niets gelegen laten liggen aan bestaande conventies maar hun eigen waarden scheppen, hetgeen kan leiden tot een <i>Umwertung aller Werte</i>. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Voetnoten</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Goudsblom, <i>Nihilisme en Cultuur</i>, Meulenhoff 2003, p. 3. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-461-3015-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-461-3015-0">ISBN 90-461-3015-0</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J._Goudsblom,_2003,_p._6_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Goudsblom, <i>Nihilisme en Cultuur</i>, Meulenhoff 2003, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">I. Toergenjew, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=yyUVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=a%20nihilist%20is%20&f=false">"Vaders en Zonen"</a>, L.J. Veen’s uitgeversmij. N.V. Amsterdam, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S.Tompkins, The Russian Intelligentsia, Norman, 1957, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Goudsblom, <i>Nihilisme en Cultuur</i>, Meulenhoff 2003, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michels-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Michels_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dogma.lu/txt/SM-Nietzsche.htm">Steven Michels - Nietzsche, Nihilism, and the Virtue of Nature, Dogma, 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cline-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cline_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161127185043/http://atheism.about.com/od/nihilismnihilists/a/nietzsche.htm">Cline, Austin.: "Nihilism, Nihilists, and Nihilistic Philosophy," at About.com (2007)</a>. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-11-27">27 november 2016</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2007-05-27">27 mei 2007</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2000"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Friedrich Nietzsche</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Thomas Graftdijk, Hans Driessen</span> (2000). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67917587">De genealogie van de moraal : een strijdschrift</a></i></cite>. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_filosofische_opvattingen&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Filosofische_opvattingen" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">Filosofische</a> opvattingen</div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Kennistheorie" title="Kennistheorie">Kennistheorie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Coherentietheorie" title="Coherentietheorie">coherentisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Constructivisme_(filosofie)" title="Constructivisme (filosofie)">constructivisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Contextualisme_(filosofie)" title="Contextualisme (filosofie)">contextualisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme">empirisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fallibilisme" title="Fallibilisme">fallibilisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fide%C3%AFsme" title="Fideïsme">fideïsme</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infallibilisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infallibilisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">infallibilisme</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infinitisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infinitisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">infinitisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(filosofie)" title="Naturalisme (filosofie)">naturalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Perspectivisme" title="Perspectivisme">perspectivisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Positivisme" title="Positivisme">positivisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pragmatisme" title="Pragmatisme">pragmatisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rationalisme" title="Rationalisme">rationalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Relativisme" title="Relativisme">relativisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Filosofisch_scepticisme" title="Filosofisch scepticisme">scepticisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Solipsisme" title="Solipsisme">solipsisme</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjectivisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjectivisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">subjectivisme</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Ethiek" title="Ethiek">Ethiek</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Gevolgenethiek" title="Gevolgenethiek">gevolgenethiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Deontologie" title="Deontologie">deontologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Deugdethiek" title="Deugdethiek">deugdethiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eudemonisme" title="Eudemonisme">eudemonisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">humanisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Utilitarisme" title="Utilitarisme">utilitarisme</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Vrije_wil" title="Vrije wil">Vrije wil</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Compatibilisme" title="Compatibilisme">compatibilisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Determinisme_(filosofie)" title="Determinisme (filosofie)">determinisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fatalisme" title="Fatalisme">fatalisme</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Incompatibilisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incompatibilisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">incompatibilisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indeterminisme" title="Indeterminisme">indeterminisme</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metafysisch_libertarisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metafysisch libertarisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">libertarisme</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Werkelijkheid" title="Werkelijkheid">Werkelijkheid</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antirealisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antirealisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">antirealisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Atomisme_(natuurfilosofie)" title="Atomisme (natuurfilosofie)">atomisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Conceptualisme" title="Conceptualisme">conceptualisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Creationisme" title="Creationisme">creationisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dualisme" title="Dualisme">dualisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eternalisme" title="Eternalisme">eternalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fenomenalisme" title="Fenomenalisme">fenomenalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fysicalisme" title="Fysicalisme">fysicalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme">idealisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Materialisme_(filosofie)" title="Materialisme (filosofie)">materialisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monisme_(filosofie)" title="Monisme (filosofie)">monisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(filosofie)" title="Naturalisme (filosofie)">naturalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nominalisme" title="Nominalisme">nominalisme</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presentisme_(filosofie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presentisme (filosofie) (de pagina bestaat niet)">presentisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Realisme_(filosofie)" title="Realisme (filosofie)">realisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reductionisme" title="Reductionisme">reductionisme</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Geest" title="Geest">Geest</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Filosofisch_behaviorisme" title="Filosofisch behaviorisme">behaviorisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Computationalisme" title="Computationalisme">computationalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eliminatief_materialisme" title="Eliminatief materialisme">eliminativisme</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emergentisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emergentisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">emergentisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epifenomenalisme" title="Epifenomenalisme">epifenomenalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Externisme" title="Externisme">externisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Functionalisme_(filosofie_van_de_geest)" title="Functionalisme (filosofie van de geest)">functionalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme">idealisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Panpsychisme" title="Panpsychisme">panpsychisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Solipsisme" title="Solipsisme">solipsisme</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Zingeving" title="Zingeving">Zingeving</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Absurdisme" title="Absurdisme">absurdisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Altru%C3%AFsme" title="Altruïsme">altruïsme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">boeddhisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Existentialisme" title="Existentialisme">existentialisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">humanisme</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">nihilisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stoa" title="Stoa">stoïcisme</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Gemoedstoestanden"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_gemoedstoestanden" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie gemoedstoestanden"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_gemoedstoestanden&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Gemoedstoestanden" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Gemoedstoestand" title="Gemoedstoestand">Gemoedstoestanden</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531"><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:20em;"><b>Basisemoties:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Vreugde" title="Vreugde">vreugde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verdriet" title="Verdriet">verdriet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Woede" title="Woede">woede</a> · <a href="/wiki/Angst" title="Angst">angst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Walging" title="Walging">walging</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Emoties, gevoelens en humeuren:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Aanbidding" title="Aanbidding">adoratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Affectie" title="Affectie">affectie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Afgunst_(emotie)" title="Afgunst (emotie)">afgunst</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agitatie_(medisch)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agitatie (medisch) (de pagina bestaat niet)">agitatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Agressie" title="Agressie">agressie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Angst" title="Angst">angst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Apathie" title="Apathie">apathie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Begeerte" title="Begeerte">begeerte</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bewondering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bewondering (de pagina bestaat niet)">bewondering</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bezorgdheid" title="Bezorgdheid">bezorgdheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Defaitisme" title="Defaitisme">defaitisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Depressie_(klinisch)" title="Depressie (klinisch)">depressie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eenzaamheid" title="Eenzaamheid">eenzaamheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Empathie" title="Empathie">empathie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Enthousiasme" title="Enthousiasme">enthousiasme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Euforie" title="Euforie">euforie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Extase_(toestand)" title="Extase (toestand)">extase</a> · <a href="/wiki/Frustratie" title="Frustratie">frustratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geluk_(emotie)" title="Geluk (emotie)">geluk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Genot" title="Genot">genot</a> · <a href="/wiki/Haat" title="Haat">haat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heimwee" title="Heimwee">heimwee</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hoop" title="Hoop">hoop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hypochondrie" title="Hypochondrie">hypochondrie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hysterie" title="Hysterie">hysterie</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irritatie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irritatie (de pagina bestaat niet)">irritatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jaloezie_(gevoel)" title="Jaloezie (gevoel)">jaloezie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Leedvermaak_(humor)" title="Leedvermaak (humor)">leedvermaak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liefde" title="Liefde">liefde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lijden" title="Lijden">lijden</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medelijden" title="Medelijden">medelijden</a> · <a href="/wiki/Melancholie" title="Melancholie">melancholie</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misprijzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misprijzen (de pagina bestaat niet)">misprijzen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nieuwsgierigheid" title="Nieuwsgierigheid">nieuwsgierigheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nostalgie" title="Nostalgie">nostalgie</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ongerustheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ongerustheid (de pagina bestaat niet)">ongerustheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Onzekerheid" title="Onzekerheid">onzekerheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Optimisme" title="Optimisme">optimisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Overspannenheid" title="Overspannenheid">overspannenheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paniek" title="Paniek">paniek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Passie_(emotie)" title="Passie (emotie)">passie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Preutsheid" title="Preutsheid">preutsheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Razernij" title="Razernij">razernij</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Saudade" title="Saudade">saudade</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Schaamte" title="Schaamte">schaamte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Schuldgevoel" title="Schuldgevoel">schuldgevoel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sehnsucht_(emotie)" title="Sehnsucht (emotie)">sehnsucht</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spijt" title="Spijt">spijt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stress" title="Stress">stress</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sympathie" title="Sympathie">sympathie</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tederheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tederheid (de pagina bestaat niet)">tederheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Teleurstelling" title="Teleurstelling">teleurstelling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tevredenheid" title="Tevredenheid">tevredenheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toxische_positiviteit" title="Toxische positiviteit">toxische positiviteit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Transfobie" title="Transfobie">transfobie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trots" title="Trots">trots</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verbazing" title="Verbazing">verbazing</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verdriet" title="Verdriet">verdriet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verlegenheid" title="Verlegenheid">verlegenheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vernedering" title="Vernedering">vernedering</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verrassing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verrassing (de pagina bestaat niet)">verrassing</a> · <a href="/wiki/Extase_(toestand)" title="Extase (toestand)">verrukking</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verveling" title="Verveling">verveling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vervreemding" title="Vervreemding">vervreemding</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijandigheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijandigheid (de pagina bestaat niet)">vijandigheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vreugde" title="Vreugde">vreugde</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrolijkheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrolijkheid (de pagina bestaat niet)">vrolijkheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Walging" title="Walging">walging</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wanderlust_(begrip)" title="Wanderlust (begrip)"><i>wanderlust</i></a> · <a href="/wiki/Hoop" title="Hoop">wanhoop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Woede" title="Woede">woede</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wrok" title="Wrok">wrok</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nervositeit" title="Nervositeit">zenuwachtigheid</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Wereldbeeld:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Existentialisme" title="Existentialisme">existentialisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fatalisme" title="Fatalisme">fatalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Manipulatie" title="Manipulatie">manipulatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Metafysica" title="Metafysica">metafysica</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">nihilisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Optimisme" title="Optimisme">optimisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pessimisme" title="Pessimisme">pessimisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sociale_rechtvaardigheid" title="Sociale rechtvaardigheid">sociale rechtvaardigheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vertrouwen" title="Vertrouwen">vertrouwen</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wantrouwen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wantrouwen (de pagina bestaat niet)">wantrouwen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Weltschmerz" title="Weltschmerz">weltschmerz</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme_(filosofie)&oldid=67821102">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nihilisme_(filosofie)&oldid=67821102</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Ethiek" 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