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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Perpustakaan+digital" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Perpustakaan+digital" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Perpustakaan+digital" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Perpustakaan+digital" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Arsitektur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arsitektur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Arsitektur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arsitektur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proyek_TULIP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proyek_TULIP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Proyek TULIP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proyek_TULIP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proyek_NSF/ARPA/NASA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proyek_NSF/ARPA/NASA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Proyek NSF/ARPA/NASA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proyek_NSF/ARPA/NASA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis_Perpustakaan_Digital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis_Perpustakaan_Digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Jenis Perpustakaan Digital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis_Perpustakaan_Digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proyek_Perpustakaan_Digital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proyek_Perpustakaan_Digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Proyek Perpustakaan Digital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proyek_Perpustakaan_Digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komponen_Sistem_Utama_Perpustakaan_Digital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komponen_Sistem_Utama_Perpustakaan_Digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Komponen Sistem Utama Perpustakaan Digital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komponen_Sistem_Utama_Perpustakaan_Digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spektrum_Perpustakaan_Digital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spektrum_Perpustakaan_Digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Spektrum Perpustakaan Digital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spektrum_Perpustakaan_Digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masalah_Perpustakaan_Digital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masalah_Perpustakaan_Digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Masalah Perpustakaan Digital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masalah_Perpustakaan_Digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tahap_Pelaksanaan_Perpustakaan_Digital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tahap_Pelaksanaan_Perpustakaan_Digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tahap Pelaksanaan Perpustakaan Digital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tahap_Pelaksanaan_Perpustakaan_Digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perpustakaan digital</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 54 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مكتبة رقمية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكتبة رقمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" title="ডিজিটেল লাইব্ৰেৰী – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ডিজিটেল লাইব্ৰেৰী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_kitabxana" title="Elektron kitabxana – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektron kitabxana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електронна библиотека – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електронна библиотека" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ডিজিটাল গ্রন্থাগার – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডিজিটাল গ্রন্থাগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalna_biblioteka" title="Digitalna biblioteka – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Digitalna biblioteka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_digital" title="Biblioteca digital – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biblioteca digital" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Digitální knihovna – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Digitální knihovna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalt_bibliotek" title="Digitalt bibliotek – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Digitalt bibliotek" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitale_Bibliothek" title="Digitale Bibliothek – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Digitale Bibliothek" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B7%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Ψηφιακή βιβλιοθήκη – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψηφιακή βιβλιοθήκη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Digital library" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifereca_biblioteko" title="Cifereca biblioteko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cifereca biblioteko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_digital" title="Biblioteca digital – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biblioteca digital" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitaalraamatukogu" title="Digitaalraamatukogu – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Digitaalraamatukogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liburutegi_digital" title="Liburutegi digital – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liburutegi digital" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="کتابخانه دیجیتال – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتابخانه دیجیتال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkkokirjasto" title="Verkkokirjasto – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Verkkokirjasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_num%C3%A9rique" title="Bibliothèque numérique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bibliothèque numérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ספרייה דיגיטלית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרייה דיגיטלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="आंकिक पुस्तकालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आंकिक पुस्तकालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalna_knji%C5%BEnica" title="Digitalna knjižnica – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Digitalna knjižnica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit%C3%A1lis_k%C3%B6nyvt%C3%A1r" title="Digitális könyvtár – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Digitális könyvtár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Էլեկտրոնային գրադարան – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրոնային գրադարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_digitale" title="Biblioteca digitale – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biblioteca digitale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="電子図書館 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電子図書館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Электронды кітапхана – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электронды кітапхана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80" title="전자 도서관 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전자 도서관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Электрондук китепкана – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Электрондук китепкана" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit%C4%81l%C4%81_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Digitālā bibliotēka – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Digitālā bibliotēka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дигитална библиотека – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дигитална библиотека" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ഡിജിറ്റൽ ലൈബ്രറി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡിജിറ്റൽ ലൈബ്രറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Цахим номын сан – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахим номын сан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpustakaan_digital" title="Perpustakaan digital – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perpustakaan digital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဒစ်ဂျစ်တယ် စာကြည့်တိုက် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒစ်ဂျစ်တယ် စာကြည့်တိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitale_bibliotheek" title="Digitale bibliotheek – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Digitale bibliotheek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalt_bibliotek" title="Digitalt bibliotek – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Digitalt bibliotek" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteka_cyfrowa" title="Biblioteka cyfrowa – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biblioteka cyfrowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_digital" title="Biblioteca digital – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biblioteca digital" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotec%C4%83_digital%C4%83" title="Bibliotecă digitală – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bibliotecă digitală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электронная библиотека – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электронная библиотека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Digital library" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit%C3%A1lna_kni%C5%BEnica" title="Digitálna knižnica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Digitálna knižnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalna_knji%C5%BEnica" title="Digitalna knjižnica – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Digitalna knjižnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteka_digjitale" title="Biblioteka digjitale – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biblioteka digjitale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalna_biblioteka" title="Digitalna biblioteka – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Digitalna biblioteka" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்ணிம நூலகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்ணிம நூலகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="డిజిటల్ గ్రంథాలయం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డిజిటల్ గ్రంథాలయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijitalle%C5%9Ftirme" title="Dijitalleştirme – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dijitalleştirme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електронна бібліотека – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електронна бібліотека" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="برقی کتب خانہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی کتب خانہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0_vi%E1%BB%87n_s%E1%BB%91" title="Thư viện số – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thư viện số" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="數位圖書館 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="數位圖書館" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="數碼圖書館 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="數碼圖書館" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212805#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perpustakaan_digital" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Perpustakaan_digital" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Perpustakaan_digital" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Perpustakaan_digital" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&oldid=26447371" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi 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href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Perpustakaan+digital"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Perpustakaan_digital&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Digital_libraries" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212805" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Perpustakaan digital</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a>: <i>digital library</i> atau <i>electronic library</i> atau <i>virtual library</i>) adalah <a href="/wiki/Perpustakaan" title="Perpustakaan">perpustakaan</a> yang mempunyai koleksi buku sebagian besar dalam bentuk format digital dan yang bisa diakses dengan <a href="/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputer</a>. Jenis perpustakaan ini berbeda dengan jenis perpustakaan konvensional yang berupa kumpulan buku tercetak, film mikro (microform dan microfiche), ataupun kumpulan kaset audio, video, dll. Isi dari perpustakaan digital berada dalam suatu komputer <a href="/wiki/Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Server">server</a> yang bisa ditempatkan secara lokal, maupun di lokasi yang jauh, namun dapat diakses dengan cepat dan mudah lewat <a href="/wiki/Jaringan_komputer" title="Jaringan komputer">jaringan komputer</a>. </p><p>Istilah perpustakaan digital pertama kali diperkenalkan lewat proyek <i>NSF/DARPA/NASA: Digital Libraries Initiative</i> pada tahun 1994. <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> sendiri memiliki perpustakaan digital yang diberi nama iPusnas<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Perpustakaan digital yang paling banyak dikenal saat ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Proyek_Gutenberg" title="Proyek Gutenberg">Proyek Gutenberg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibiblio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibiblio (halaman belum tersedia)">ibiblio</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. serta proyek <a href="/wiki/Yayasan_Wikimedia" title="Yayasan Wikimedia">yayasan Wikimedia</a> ini sendiri (termasuk <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikisource">wikisource</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">wikipedia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikinews" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikinews">Wikinews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Commons">Commons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta-Wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-Wiki">Meta-Wiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>, dll). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arsitektur">Arsitektur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Arsitektur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Arsitektur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definisi singkat dari perpustakaan digital adalah bentuk perpustakaan yang keseluruhan koleksinya memakai format digital yang disusun dalam sebuah arsitektur komputerisasi. Arsitektur ini disusun dalam sebuah proyek yaitu proyek perpustakaan digital. Penelitian proyek perpustakaan digital menggunakan <i><a href="/wiki/WWW" class="mw-redirect" title="WWW">WWW</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>) yang dihubungkan dengan jaringan <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> sebagai media penyalur informasi utama. WWW memiliki banyak kelebihan yang didukung berbagai macam protokol komunikasi (<a href="/wiki/HTTP" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTP">FTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopher" title="Gopher">Gopher</a>), penggunaan <i><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></i> sebagai bahasa standar <i>markup</i>, dan kelebihan pada GUI (<i>Graphical User Interface</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Sebelum tahun 1960</b>: Perpustakaan Tradisional</li> <li><b>Pertengahan tahun 1960-1988</b>: perkembangan <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_informasi" title="Teknologi informasi">teknologi informasi</a> dan jaringan yang dapat mengolah dokumen menjadi lebih mudah dan efisien dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak <a href="/wiki/Pengolah_kata" title="Pengolah kata">pengolah kata</a>. Perpustakaan masih berkembang semi modern dengan menggunakan katalog indeks.</li> <li><b>Tahun 1990</b>: berkembang teknologi internet yang mampu mengakses informasi dengan cepat. Katalog mengalami metamorfosis menjadi katalog elektronik yang lebih mudah dan lebih cepat dalam pencarian kembali koleksi yang disimpan di perpustakaan</li> <li><b>Tahun 1991</b>: Proyek TULIP (<i>The University Licensing Project</i>), kerjasama beberapa universitas di Amerika dengan perusahaan <i>Elsevier Science</i>, meneliti tentang sistem pengumpulan dan penyimpanan data serta teknik pengaksesan perpustakaan digital.</li> <li><b>September 1995</b>: Proyek NSF/ARPA/NASA merupakan lanjutan penelitian Proyek TULIP. Istilah perpustakaan digital digunakan untuk pertama kali dalam bidang pendigitalan dokumen dan pembangunan sistem untuk dokumen digital.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proyek_TULIP">Proyek TULIP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Proyek TULIP" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proyek TULIP"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terjadi tahun 1991. Delapan universitas dengan system penggabungan bekerjasama melakukan penelitian berkaitan dengan <a href="/wiki/Digitisasi" title="Digitisasi">digitalisasi</a> data, dokumen, majalah dalam bidang materi ilmiah dengan tujuan utama bisnis yang bertema: </p> <ul><li>Sistem pengumpulan dan penyimpanan data</li> <li>Jenis data yang disimpan</li> <li>Promosi dari proyek TULIP</li> <li>Sistem penarikan biaya dari perpustakaan digital</li> <li>Teknik pengaksesan ke perpustakaan digital</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proyek_NSF/ARPA/NASA"><span id="Proyek_NSF.2FARPA.2FNASA"></span>Proyek NSF/ARPA/NASA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Proyek NSF/ARPA/NASA" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proyek NSF/ARPA/NASA"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Informedia Interactive Online Video Digital Library</i></li> <li><i>The University of Michigan Digital Library</i> (UMDL)</li> <li><i>Interspace</i></li> <li><i>Electronic Enviromental Library</i></li> <li><i>Stanford Integrated Digital Library Project</i></li> <li><i>Alexandria Digital Library</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis_Perpustakaan_Digital">Jenis Perpustakaan Digital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis Perpustakaan Digital" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis Perpustakaan Digital"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Full Text</b> </p> <ul><li>Pemrosesan dan manipulasi data lebih mudah</li> <li>Ukuran data lebih kecil</li> <li>Data terformat dalam bentuk SGML (<i>Standard Generalized Markup Language</i>)</li></ul> <p><b>Page Image</b> </p> <ul><li>Sesuai untuk system browsing</li> <li>Tidak memerlukan font karena berupa file image</li> <li>Tidak memerlukan biaya besar dalam pembuatan (low cost)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proyek_Perpustakaan_Digital">Proyek Perpustakaan Digital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Proyek Perpustakaan Digital" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Proyek Perpustakaan Digital"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proyek perpustakaan digital meneliti mengenai dua bidang: </p> <ul><li>Pendigitalan Dokumen: Meneliti tentang bagaimana mendigitalkan dokumen dan jenis pendigitalan dokumen baik <i>full text</i> maupun <i>page image</i></li> <li>Pembangunan <a href="/wiki/Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Database">Database</a>: Meneliti tentang pembangunan database meliputi pencarian judul, pencarian dokumen, pencarian gambar, katalog database, database gambar, dan database link informasi</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komponen_Sistem_Utama_Perpustakaan_Digital">Komponen Sistem Utama Perpustakaan Digital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Komponen Sistem Utama Perpustakaan Digital" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Komponen Sistem Utama Perpustakaan Digital"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Impor/Ekspor Server</b>: Dilakukan konversi digital dari file analog ke bentuk digital. File digital dikirim melalui <i>ekspor server</i> menuju <i>impor server</i> yang akan menyaring file yang terdaftar dan dibantu oleh <i>Knowbot</i>.</li> <li><b>Pendaftaran Server</b>: Pendaftaran server dilakukan untuk pertanggungjawaban:Penerimaan pesan (<i>hosting arriving</i>) dari <i>knowbot</i> yang membawa informasi baru, pendaftaran pengguna baru</li> <li><b>Pengindeksan, katalogisasi dan referensi server</b>: Melakukan pendataan secara menyeluruh terhadap file-file digital yang masuk</li> <li><b>Database Server</b>: Digunakan untuk mengakomodasi database-database baru</li> <li><b>Akuntansi dan Statistik Server</b>: Berfungsi sebagai pengumpul dan penyimpan data yang sesuai dengan penggunaan perpustakaan digital</li> <li><b>Sistem Billing</b>: Digunakan untuk pengumpulan data mengenai objek yang baru diregistrasi</li> <li><b>Transformasi server</b>: Digunakan untuk mengubah input data menjadi bentuk standar perpustakaan digital</li> <li><b>Sistem Perpustakaan Personal</b>: Digunakan untuk menkombinasikan keseluruhan program sehingga perpustakaan dapat berdiri sendiri secara personal</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spektrum_Perpustakaan_Digital">Spektrum Perpustakaan Digital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Spektrum Perpustakaan Digital" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Spektrum Perpustakaan Digital"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spektrum dari sistem perpustakaan digital bergerak dari gambar (<i>visual</i>) menuju ke titik yang tidak terlihat (<i>invisible</i>) yang membentuk 6 sistem yang saling tumpang tindih. </p> <ul><li>Penyajian tetap (<i>Fixed Presentation</i>)</li> <li>Isi tetap (<i>Fixed Content</i>)</li> <li>Daftar pertanyaan (<i>Database Querries</i>)</li> <li>Pusat kontrol data (<i>Server Data</i>)</li> <li>Pelaksanaan program (<i>Executable Program</i>)</li> <li>Struktur pengetahuan (<i>Knowledge Structures</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Masalah_Perpustakaan_Digital">Masalah Perpustakaan Digital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Masalah Perpustakaan Digital" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Masalah Perpustakaan Digital"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Digitalisasi Dokumen </b></li></ul> <p>Pembuatan perpustakaan digital tidak menemui masalah selama dokumen yang diterima berupa file elektronik. Masalah muncul pada saat dokumen yang diterima berupa file non-elektronik, berupa kertas atau buku. Hal ini merupakan masalah utama yang dibahas pada proyek-proyek penelitian, khususnya dalam pembuatan perpustakaan digital dengan dokumen dari perpustakaan umum atau dari <i>grey literature</i> </p> <ul><li><b>Hak Cipta</b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hak_cipta" title="Hak cipta">Hak cipta</a> pada dokumen yang didigitalkan yang berupa mengubah dokumen menjadi digital dokumen, memasukkan digital dokumen ke database, mengubah digital dokumen ke <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> dokumen. Hak cipta dokumen di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaringan komunikasi (halaman belum tersedia)">jaringan komunikasi</a>. Solusi masalah hak cipta telah dikembangkan dalam ECSM (<i>Electronic Copyright Management System</i>) yaitu sistem monitoring penggunaan digital dokumen oleh pengguna secara otomatis. </p> <ul><li><b>Penarikan Biaya</b></li></ul> <p>Masalah yang terjadi pada perpustakaan digital swasta yang menarik biaya setiap mengakses dokumen. Solusi masalah ini akan dikembangkan pada system electronic money </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tahap_Pelaksanaan_Perpustakaan_Digital">Tahap Pelaksanaan Perpustakaan Digital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Tahap Pelaksanaan Perpustakaan Digital" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tahap Pelaksanaan Perpustakaan Digital"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Tahap 1</b>, terdiri dari <i>The Knowbot Operating Enviroment</i> (KNOE), <i>User Interface</i>, pengumpulan database, Pencarian <i>Natural Language Text</i>.</li> <li><b>Tahap 2</b>, terdiri dari pengembangan sistem perpustakaan personal dengan dasar penelitian tahap 1.</li> <li><b>Tahap 3</b>, terdiri dari komponen-komponen perpustakaan digital yang diintegrasikan dan akan membentuk <i>quasi-operasional</i> dari perpustakaan digital</li> <li><b>Tahap 4</b>, terdiri dari proses pelaksanaan perencanaan yang sudah dirancang</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kahn, R. E., & Cerf, V. G. (1988). The Digital Library Project Volume I: The World of Knowbots, (DRAFT): An Open Architecture For a Digital Library System and a Plan For Its Development. Reston, VA: Corporation for National Research Initiatives.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://scholar.lib.utk.edu/casado/TULIP.html">http://scholar.lib.utk.edu/casado/TULIP.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000604112111/http://scholar.lib.utk.edu/casado/TULIP.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2000-06-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://fairuse.stanford.edu/commentary_and_analysis/2003_11_hirtle.html">http://fairuse.stanford.edu/commentary_and_analysis/2003_11_hirtle.html</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://gtechinsight.com/aplikasi-belajar-bahasa-inggris-gratis-terbaik/">https://gtechinsight.com/aplikasi-belajar-bahasa-inggris-gratis-terbaik/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://07.0628.2283/OLP/Repository/1.0/Disseminate/delos/2006_WP1_D142/content/pdf?version=1">http://07.0628.2283/OLP/Repository/1.0/Disseminate/delos/2006_WP1_D142/content/pdf?version=1</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Mei 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem-system-2-blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Emblem-system-2-blue.svg/30px-Emblem-system-2-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Emblem-system-2-blue.svg/45px-Emblem-system-2-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Emblem-system-2-blue.svg/60px-Emblem-system-2-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="72" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik teknologi ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_digital&action=edit">mengembangkannya</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tekno-stub" title="Templat:Tekno-stub"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Tekno-stub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tekno-stub (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tekno-stub&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sahril, Egi (1 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtechinsight.com/aplikasi-belajar-bahasa-inggris-gratis-terbaik/">"aplikasi belajar bahasa inggris gratis terbaik"</a>. <i>gtechinsight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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