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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Other_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Other names </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_names-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other names subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 In Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 In Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Background </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Background subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Euromaidan and the Revolution of Dignity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annexation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annexation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Annexation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annexation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Annexation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Annexation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russian_invasion_of_Crimea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_invasion_of_Crimea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Russian invasion of Crimea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_invasion_of_Crimea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_takeover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_takeover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Russian takeover </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_takeover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Legal issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimean_status_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimean_status_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Crimean status referendum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimean_status_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proclamations_of_independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proclamations_of_independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Proclamations of independence of the Republic of Crimea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proclamations_of_independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accession_treaty_and_finalization_of_the_annexation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accession_treaty_and_finalization_of_the_annexation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Accession treaty and finalization of the annexation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accession_treaty_and_finalization_of_the_annexation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Occupation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Transition and aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transition_and_aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transition and aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transition_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Economic implications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Human rights situation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crimean_public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crimean_public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Crimean public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crimean_public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukrainian_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainian_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Ukrainian response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainian_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Russian response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 International response </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_response-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International response subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Nations_resolutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations_resolutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 United Nations resolutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations_resolutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 International recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Sanctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mapping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mapping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Mapping </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mapping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" > 61 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiese_anneksasie_van_die_Krim" title="Russiese anneksasie van die Krim – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Russiese anneksasie van die Krim" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%85" title="ضم الاتحاد الروسي للقرم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضم الاتحاد الروسي للقرم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya_Federasiyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Kr%C4%B1m%C4%B1_ilhaq_etm%C9%99si" title="Rusiya Federasiyasının Krımı ilhaq etməsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya Federasiyasının Krımı ilhaq etməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسیه‌نین قیریمی ایلحاق ائتمه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روسیه‌نین قیریمی ایلحاق ائتمه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="রুশ ফেডারেশন কর্তৃক ক্রিমিয়ার অন্তর্ভুক্তিকরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুশ ফেডারেশন কর্তৃক ক্রিমিয়ার অন্তর্ভুক্তিকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B9" title="Анексія Крыма Расіяй – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Анексія Крыма Расіяй" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Анексиране на Крим от Русия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анексиране на Крим от Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruska_aneksija_Krima" title="Ruska aneksija Krima – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruska aneksija Krima" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagidigezh_Krimea_ouzh_Kevredad_Rusia" title="Stagidigezh Krimea ouzh Kevredad Rusia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stagidigezh Krimea ouzh Kevredad Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexi%C3%B3_de_Crimea_a_la_Federaci%C3%B3_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Annexió de Crimea a la Federació de Rússia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Annexió de Crimea a la Federació de Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexe_Krymu_Ruskou_federac%C3%AD" title="Anexe Krymu Ruskou federací – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anexe Krymu Ruskou federací" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuphatikizidwa_kwa_Crimea_ndi_Russian_Federation" title="Kuphatikizidwa kwa Crimea ndi Russian Federation – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Kuphatikizidwa kwa Crimea ndi Russian Federation" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslands_annektering_af_Krim" title="Ruslands annektering af Krim – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ruslands annektering af Krim" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexion_der_Krim_2014" title="Annexion der Krim 2014 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Annexion der Krim 2014" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimmi_annekteerimine" title="Krimmi annekteerimine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Krimmi annekteerimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Προσάρτηση της Κριμαίας στη Ρωσική Ομοσπονδία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προσάρτηση της Κριμαίας στη Ρωσική Ομοσπονδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexi%C3%B3n_de_Crimea_por_Rusia" title="Anexión de Crimea por Rusia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexión de Crimea por Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneksado_de_Krimeo_al_Rusio_(2014)" title="Aneksado de Krimeo al Rusio (2014) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aneksado de Krimeo al Rusio (2014)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimearen_anexio_errusiarra" title="Krimearen anexio errusiarra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Krimearen anexio errusiarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="الحاق کریمه توسط فدراسیون روسیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الحاق کریمه توسط فدراسیون روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexion_de_la_Crim%C3%A9e_par_la_Russie_en_2014" title="Annexion de la Crimée par la Russie en 2014 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Annexion de la Crimée par la Russie en 2014" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionghabh%C3%A1il_na_Crim%C3%A9_(2014)" title="Ionghabháil na Crimé (2014) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ionghabháil na Crimé (2014)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84_%ED%95%A9%EB%B3%91" title="러시아의 크림반도 합병 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아의 크림반도 합병" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%A2%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A8_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8" title="Ղրիմի բռնակցումը Ռուսաստանի Դաշնությանը – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղրիմի բռնակցումը Ռուսաստանի Դաշնությանը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F" title="यूक्रेन-संकट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूक्रेन-संकट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruska_aneksija_Krima" title="Ruska aneksija Krima – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruska aneksija Krima" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneksasi_Krimea_2014" title="Aneksasi Krimea 2014 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aneksasi Krimea 2014" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innlimun_R%C3%BAsslands_%C3%A1_Kr%C3%ADmskaga" title="Innlimun Rússlands á Krímskaga – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Innlimun Rússlands á Krímskaga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annessione_della_Crimea_alla_Russia" title="Annessione della Crimea alla Russia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Annessione della Crimea alla Russia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_(2014)" title="סיפוח חצי האי קרים (2014) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיפוח חצי האי קרים (2014)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0" title="ყირიმის ანექსია რუსეთის ფედერაციის მიერ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყირიმის ანექსია რუსეთის ფედერაციის მიერ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қырым аннексиясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қырым аннексиясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Elheqkirina_Kr%C3%AEm%C3%AA_ji_aliy%C3%AA_Federasyona_R%C3%BBsyay%C3%AA_ve" title="Îlheqkirina Krîmê ji aliyê Federasyona Rûsyayê ve – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îlheqkirina Krîmê ji aliyê Federasyona Rûsyayê ve" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krymo_aneksija" title="Krymo aneksija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krymo aneksija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexatie_van_de_Krim_(2014)" title="Annexatie van de Krim (2014) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Annexatie van de Krim (2014)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="रूसद्वारा क्रिमियाको बिलय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रूसद्वारा क्रिमियाको बिलय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%B5%E5%90%88" title="ロシアによるクリミアの併合 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシアによるクリミアの併合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russlands_anneksjon_av_Krim_i_2014" title="Russlands anneksjon av Krim i 2014 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russlands anneksjon av Krim i 2014" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrim_anneksiyasi" title="Qrim anneksiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qrim anneksiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%90_%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%90_%D8%AA%DA%93%DA%9A%D8%AA" title="د روسیې له فدراسیون سره د کریمیې تړښت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د روسیې له فدراسیون سره د کریمیې تړښت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneksja_Krymu_przez_Rosj%C4%99" title="Aneksja Krymu przez Rosję – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aneksja Krymu przez Rosję" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Crimeia_%C3%A0_Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Russa" title="Anexação da Crimeia à Federação Russa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anexação da Crimeia à Federação Russa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%B1mn%C4%B1%C3%B1_ilhaq%C4%B1_(2014)" title="Qırımnıñ ilhaqı (2014) – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qırımnıñ ilhaqı (2014)" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexarea_Crimeii_de_c%C4%83tre_Federa%C8%9Bia_Rus%C4%83" title="Anexarea Crimeii de către Federația Rusă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anexarea Crimeii de către Federația Rusă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Аннексия Крыма Российской Федерацией – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аннексия Крыма Российской Федерацией" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneksimi_i_Krimes%C3%AB_nga_Rusia" title="Aneksimi i Krimesë nga Rusia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aneksimi i Krimesë nga Rusia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0_%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8" title="2014 යුක්‍රේනයේ රුසියානු සන්නද්ධ හමුදා මැදිහත්වීම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="2014 යුක්‍රේනයේ රුසියානු සන්නද්ධ හමුදා මැදිහත්වීම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Руска анексија Крима – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руска анексија Крима" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pripajanje_Krima_Ruskoj_Federaciji" title="Pripajanje Krima Ruskoj Federaciji – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pripajanje Krima Ruskoj Federaciji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krimin_miehitys_2014" title="Krimin miehitys 2014 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Krimin miehitys 2014" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_krizis%C4%B1_(2014)" title="Qırım krizisı (2014) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Qırım krizisı (2014)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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article is extended-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2014 annexation of territory</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For more details, see <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Russian occupation of Crimea</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov,_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly_4.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly_4.jpeg/250px-Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly_4.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly_4.jpeg/375px-Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly_4.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly_4.jpeg/500px-Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly_4.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4091" data-file-height="2722" /></a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Russian Federation">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> signs the treaty of accession (annexation) with Crimean leaders in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, 18 March 2014.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td><div><ul><li>Annexation: 18 March 2014</li><li>Military operation: 27 February<a href="#cite_note-10">[note 1]</a> – 26 March 2014<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Russian victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vitko" title="Aleksandr Vitko">Aleksandr Vitko</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Belaventsev" title="Oleg Belaventsev">Oleg Belaventsev</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Dyumin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexey Dyumin">Alexey Dyumin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)"><img alt="Republic of Crimea (Russia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)"><img alt="Republic of Crimea (Russia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)"><img alt="Republic of Crimea (Russia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Pshonka" title="Viktor Pshonka">Viktor Pshonka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)"><img alt="Republic of Crimea (Russia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Temirgaliev" title="Rustam Temirgaliev">Rustam Temirgaliev</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol"><img alt="Sevastopol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Sevastopol.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sevastopol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Sevastopol.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sevastopol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Sevastopol.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sevastopol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Chaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexey Chaly">Alexey Chaly</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Hayduk" title="Serhiy Hayduk">Serhiy Hayduk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea"><img alt="Autonomous Republic of Crimea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anatolii_Mohyliov" title="Anatolii Mohyliov">Anatolii Mohyliov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea"><img alt="Autonomous Republic of Crimea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Kunitsyn" title="Serhiy Kunitsyn">Serhiy Kunitsyn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="780" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="780" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Dzhemilev" title="Mustafa Dzhemilev">Mustafa Dzhemilev</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Based in Crimea, elements of<a href="#cite_note-galeotti-12">[11]</a>: 11–12  Navy <ul><li>510th Naval Inf Bde (Feodosiia)</li> <li>810th Naval Inf Bde (Simferopol)</li></ul> Deployed to Crimea, elements of Ground Forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_Guards_Motor_Rifle_Brigade" title="18th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade">18th Mot Rifle Bde</a> (Grozny)</li> <li>291st Artillery Bde (Troitskaya)</li></ul> (GRU command) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Guards_Spetsnaz_Brigade" title="3rd Guards Spetsnaz Brigade">3rd Spetsnaz Bde</a> (Tolyatti)</li> <li>10th Spetsnaz Bde (Krasnodar)</li> <li>16th Spetsnaz Bde (Tambov)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Separate_Guards_Special_Purpose_Brigade" title="22nd Separate Guards Special Purpose Brigade">22nd Spetsnaz Bde</a> (Stepnoy)</li> <li>25th Spetsnaz Rgt (Stavropol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Guards_Spetznaz_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Guards Spetznaz Brigade">45th Spetsnaz Rgt</a> (Kubinka, Moscow)</li></ul> Airborne <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_Guards_Mountain_Air_Assault_Division" title="7th Guards Mountain Air Assault Division">7th Air Assault Div</a> (Novorossiysk)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Guards_Air_Assault_Brigade" title="31st Guards Air Assault Brigade">31st Air Assault Bde</a> (Ulyanovsk)</li></ul> Navy <ul><li>382nd Naval Inf Bn (Temryuk)</li> <li>727th Naval Inf Bn (Astrakhan)</li></ul> Special Operations Forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Russia)" title="Special Operations Forces (Russia)">SOF Command</a> (Prokhladny)</li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Armed forces<a href="#cite_note-galeotti-12">[11]</a>: 11–12  Navy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/36th_Separate_Coastal_Defense_Brigade" title="36th Separate Coastal Defense Brigade">36th Coastal Def Bde</a> (at Perevalne) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="1st Marine Battalion (Ukraine)">1st Naval Inf Bn</a> (Feodosiia)</li> <li>56th Gds Bn (Sevastopol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/501st_Separate_Naval_Infantry_Battalion" title="501st Separate Naval Infantry Battalion">501st Naval Inf Bn</a> (Kerch)</li></ul></li> <li>406th Artillery Bde (Simferopol)</li> <li>37th Comms and Control Rgt (Sevastopol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Psychological_and_Information_Warfare_Center_(Ukraine)" title="72nd Psychological and Information Warfare Center (Ukraine)">72nd Psychological and Information Warfare Center</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></li></ul> Paramilitary Interior troops <ul><li>9th Bde (Simferopol)</li> <li>15th Bn (Yevpatoriia)</li> <li>18th Spec Mot Militia Bn (Haspra)</li> <li>42nd Operational Rgt (Sevastopol)</li> <li>47th Bde (Feodosiia)</li></ul> Border guards <ul><li>Special-Purpose Border Guard Bn (Yalta)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Protesters <ul><li>20,000 (<a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>)<a href="#cite_note-MTS25214-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-EN25214-15">[14]</a></li> <li>10,000 (<a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>)<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></li></ul> Volunteer units<a href="#cite_note-EN25214-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-WPC25214-17">[16]</a> <ul><li>5,000 (Sevastopol)</li> <li>1,700 (Simferopol)</li></ul> Russian military forces <ul><li>20,000–30,000 troops<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Protesters <ul><li>4,000–10,000 (Simferopol)<a href="#cite_note-pRoCRU-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian226-20">[19]</a></li></ul> Ukrainian military forces <ul><li>5,000–22,000 troops<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></li> <li>40,000 reservists, partly mobilised (outside Crimea)<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1 Crimean SDF trooper killed<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>2 soldiers killed<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></li> <li>60–80 soldiers detained<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></li> <li>9,268 military servicemen and 7,050 civilian employees defected<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2 civilian deaths (during the protests),<a href="#cite_note-RallyDeaths-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Re%C5%9Fat_Amet" title="Reşat Amet">1 civilian killed</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-censor-32">[31]</a> (by Crimean SDF under command of a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">former Russian serviceman</a>)<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> In February and March 2014, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> invaded the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimean Peninsula</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Annexed" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexed">annexed</a> it. This took place in the relative <a href="/wiki/Power_vacuum" title="Power vacuum">power vacuum</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> immediately following the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a>. It marked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">events in Kyiv</a> that ousted Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> on 22 February 2014 sparked pro-Russian and anti-separatism<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_Crimean_crisis#February_23" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2014 Crimean crisis">demonstrations in Crimea</a>. At the same time, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> discussed Ukrainian events with security chiefs, remarking that "we must start working on returning Crimea to Russia". On 27 February, <a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Russian special forces without insignia</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> seized strategic sites across Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-time1-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters1-39">[38]</a> Although Russia at first denied its military involvement,<a href="#cite_note-auto1-40">[39]</a> Putin later admitted that troops were deployed to "stand behind Crimea's self-defence forces".<a href="#cite_note-revea-41">[40]</a> As Russian troops <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">occupied Crimea's parliament</a>, it dismissed the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Crimean government</a>, installed the pro-Russian <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Aksyonov</a> government, and announced a <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">referendum on Crimea's status</a>. The referendum was held <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">under Russian occupation</a> and, according to the Russian-installed authorities, the result was overwhelmingly in favor of joining Russia. The next day, 17 March 2014, Crimea's authorities <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea">declared independence</a> and requested to join Russia.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-zakon-43">[42]</a> Russia formally incorporated Crimea on 18 March 2014 as the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">federal city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GovNo-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-revea-41">[40]</a> Following the annexation,<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Russia built up its military presence on the peninsula and warned against any outside intervention.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Ukraine and <a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">many other countries</a> condemned the annexation and consider it to be a violation of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> and Russian agreements safeguarding the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a> of Ukraine. The annexation led to the other members of the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Eight">G8</a> suspending Russia from the group<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> and introducing <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis">sanctions</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> also rejected the referendum and annexation, adopting <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">a resolution</a> affirming the "territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders",<a href="#cite_note-CCTV_UNR_C=U-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_A_RES_68_262-49">[48]</a> and referring to the Russian action as a "temporary occupation".<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> The Russian government opposes the "annexation" label, with Putin defending the referendum as complying with the principle of the <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> of peoples.<a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_names">Other names</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Ukraine">In Ukraine</h3></div> The names of the Crimean annexation vary. In Ukraine, the annexation is known as the temporary occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol by Russia (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: тимчасова окупація Автономної Республіки Крим і Севастополя Росією, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: tymchasova okupatsiia Avtonomnoi Respubliky Krym i Sevastopolia Rosiieiu), the illegal occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the fall of Crimea, and the invasion of Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Russia">In Russia</h3></div> In the Russian Federation, it is also known as the accession of Crimea to the Russian Federation (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: присоединение Крыма к Российской Федерации, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: prisoyedineniye Kryma k Rossiyskoy Federatsii), the return of Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: возвращение Крыма, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: vozvrashcheniye Kryma), and the reunification of Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">1954 transfer of Crimea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Crimea in the Soviet Union">Crimea in the Soviet Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire</a></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis">Border crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_clashes" title="September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes">2022 clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh">2023 offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_South_Ossetia_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–1992 South Ossetia War">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz%E2%80%93Georgian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz–Georgian conflict">Abkhazia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1998)" title="War in Abkhazia (1998)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Kodori_crisis" title="2001 Kodori crisis">Kodori</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prigorodny_conflict" title="East Prigorodny conflict">North Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen%E2%80%93Russian_conflict" title="Chechen–Russian conflict">Chechen–Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_phase_of_the_Second_Chechen_War" title="Guerrilla phase of the Second Chechen War">guerrilla phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">North Caucasus insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus">IS insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Dagestan_(1999)" title="War in Dagestan (1999)">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Ingushetia" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Central Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Terrorism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batken_conflict" title="Batken conflict">Batken spillover</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kyrgyz revolutions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_Revolution" title="Tulip Revolution">Tulip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Revolution_of_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Revolution_of_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz Revolution of 2020">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_South_Kyrgyzstan_ethnic_clashes" title="2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes">South Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Gorno-Badakhshan_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)">Gorno-Badakhshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Dungan%E2%80%93Kazakh_ethnic_clashes" title="2020 Dungan–Kazakh ethnic clashes">Dungan–Kazakh clashes</a></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93Tajikistan_clashes" title="2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93Tajikistan_clashes" title="2022 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest" title="2022 Kazakh unrest">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Karakalpak_protests" title="2022 Karakalpak protests">Karakalpakstan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Eastern Europe</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">1992</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 Moscow</a></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">pro-Russian unrest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">(outline)</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">annexation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">prelude</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euromaidan_Night_of_11_December_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Euromaidan_Night_of_11_December_18.jpg/220px-Euromaidan_Night_of_11_December_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Euromaidan_Night_of_11_December_18.jpg/330px-Euromaidan_Night_of_11_December_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Euromaidan_Night_of_11_December_18.jpg/440px-Euromaidan_Night_of_11_December_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1326" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> in Kyiv, 11 December 2013</figcaption></figure> Crimea was part of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a> from 1441 until it was <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire">annexed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in 1783 by a decree of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine II">Catherine the Great</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> After the downfall of <a href="/wiki/Russian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian empire">Russian empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">1917</a> during the first stages of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> there were a series of short-lived independent governments (<a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">Crimean People's Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Regional_Government" title="Crimean Regional Government">Crimean Regional Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic">Crimean SSR</a>). They were followed by <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White Russian</a> governments (<a href="/wiki/General_Command_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia">General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia</a> and later <a href="/wiki/South_Russian_Government" title="South Russian Government">South Russian Government</a>). In October 1921, the Bolshevik <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a> gained control of the peninsula and instituted the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a> as a member of Russian Federation. In the following year Crimea joined the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as a part of Russia (the <a href="/wiki/RSFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="RSFSR">RSFSR</a>). After the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> and the 1944 <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">deportation of all of the indigenous Crimean Tatars</a> by the Soviet government, the Crimean ASSR was stripped of its autonomy in 1946 and downgraded to the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">status</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">oblast</a> of the Russian SFSR. In 1954, the Crimean Oblast was <a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">transferred</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> by decree of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> to commemorate the 300th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pereyaslav">Ukraine's union with Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> In 1989, under <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a>,<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> the Supreme Soviet declared that the deportation of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> under <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a> had been illegal<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> and the mostly <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> ethnic group was allowed to return to Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> In 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">Soviet</a> of the Crimean Oblast proposed the restoration of the Crimean ASSR.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The oblast conducted a <a href="/wiki/1991_Crimean_sovereignty_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Crimean sovereignty referendum">referendum</a> in 1991, which asked whether Crimea should be elevated into a signatory of the <a href="/wiki/New_Union_Treaty" title="New Union Treaty">New Union Treaty</a> (that is, become a <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">union republic</a> on its own). By that time, though, the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> was well underway. The Crimean ASSR was restored for less than a year as part of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> before the restoration of <a href="/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Ukrainian independence referendum">Ukrainian independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Newly independent Ukraine maintained Crimea's <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">autonomous status</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a> affirmed the peninsula's "sovereignty" as a part of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> The confrontation between the government of Ukraine and Crimea deteriorated between 1992 and 1995. In May 1992 the regional parliament declared an independent "Crimean republic."<a href="#cite_note-sasse-72">[71]</a> In June 1992, the parties reached a compromise, that Crimea would have considerable autonomy but remain part of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Meshkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuri Meshkov">Yuri Meshkov</a>, a leader of the Russian movement was elected President of Crimea in 1994 and his party won a majority in the regional parliamentary elections in the same year. The pro-Russian movement was then weakened by internal disagreements and in March 1995 the Ukrainian government gained the upper hand. The office of the elected President of Crimea was abolished and a loyal head of region was installed instead of Meshkov; the 1992 constitution and a number of local laws were repealed.<a href="#cite_note-sasse-72">[71]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Sasse" title="Gwendolyn Sasse">Gwendolyn Sasse</a> the conflict was defused due to Crimea's multi-ethnic population, fractures within the pro-Russian movement, Kyiv's policy of avoiding escalation and the lack of active support from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-sasse-72">[71]</a> During the 1990s, the dispute over control of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a> and Crimean naval facilities were <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">source of tensions</a> between Russia and Ukraine. In 1992, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lukin" title="Vladimir Lukin">Vladimir Lukin</a>, then chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Duma" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Duma">Russian Duma</a>'s Committee on Foreign Affairs, suggested that in order to pressure Ukraine to give up its claim to the Black Sea Fleet, Russia should question Ukrainian control over Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> In 1998 the <a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">Partition Treaty</a> divided the fleet and gave Russia a naval base in Sevastopol, and the <a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Ukrainian_Friendship_Treaty" title="Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty">Treaty of Friendship</a> recognized the inviolability of existing borders. However, in <a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a> issues over maritime border resurfaced. In September 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)">Ukrainian Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Ohryzko" title="Volodymyr Ohryzko">Volodymyr Ohryzko</a> accused Russia of giving <a href="/wiki/Russian_passport" title="Russian passport">Russian passports</a> to the population in Crimea, and described it as a "real problem", given Russia's declared policy of military intervention abroad to protect Russian citizens.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> On 24 August 2009, anti-Ukrainian demonstrations were held in Crimea by ethnic Russian residents. <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Tsekov" title="Sergei Tsekov">Sergei Tsekov</a> (of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Bloc_(party)" title="Russian Bloc (party)">Russian Bloc</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> and then deputy speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean parliament">Crimean parliament</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a>) said then that he hoped that Russia would treat Crimea the same way as it had treated <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Crimea is populated by an <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Ukraine" title="Russians in Ukraine">ethnic Russian</a> majority and a minority of both ethnic <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> and Crimean Tatars, and thus <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ukraine" title="Demographics of Ukraine">demographically</a> possessed one of Ukraine's largest ethnically Russian populations.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> As early as in 2010, some analysts already speculated that the Russian government had <a href="/wiki/Irredentist" class="mw-redirect" title="Irredentist">irredentist</a> plans. <a href="/wiki/Taras_Kuzio" title="Taras Kuzio">Taras Kuzio</a> said that "Russia has an even more impossible time recognizing Ukraine's sovereignty over the Crimea and the port of Sevastopol – as seen by public opinion in Russia, statements by politicians, including members of the ruling United Russia party, experts and journalists".<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> In 2011, William Varettoni wrote that "Russia wants to annex Crimea and is merely waiting for the right opportunity, most likely under the pretense of defending Russian brethren abroad".<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euromaidan_and_the_Revolution_of_Dignity">Euromaidan and the Revolution of Dignity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> protest movement began in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> in late November 2013 after President <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a>, failed to sign the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement">Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Yanukovych won <a href="#cite_note-yanukovych-83">[82]</a> the <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2010 Ukrainian presidential election">2010 presidential election</a> with strong support from voters in the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine" title="Southern Ukraine">southern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">eastern Ukraine</a>. The Crimean autonomous government strongly supported Yanukovych and condemned the protests, saying they were "threatening political stability in the country". The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of Crimea">Crimean autonomous parliament</a> said that it supported the <a href="/wiki/First_Azarov_government" title="First Azarov government">government</a>'s decision to suspend negotiations on the pending association agreement and urged Crimeans to "strengthen friendly ties with Russian regions".<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> On 4 February 2014, the Presidium of the Supreme Council "promised" to consider holding a referendum on the peninsula's status. Speaker <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Клычников, Владимир Николаевич">Vladimir Klychnikov</a> asked to appeal to the Russian government to "guarantee the preservation of Crimean autonomy".<a href="#cite_note-Chronicles_of_Alienation-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">importance?</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> (SBU) responded by opening a <a href="/wiki/Criminal_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal case">criminal case</a> to investigate the possible "subversion" of Ukraine's territorial integrity.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> On 20 February 2014, during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Supreme Council of Crimea">Chairman of the Supreme Council of Crimea</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a> stated that the <a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">1954 transfer of Crimea</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> had been a mistake.<a href="#cite_note-Chronicles_of_Alienation-87">[86]</a> The Euromaidan protests came to a head in late February 2014, and Yanukovych and many of his ministers fled the capital on 22 February.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_crisis_timeline_BBC-90">[89]</a> After his flight, opposition parties and defectors from the Party of Regions put together a parliamentary quorum in the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> (the Ukrainian parliament), and voted on 22 February to remove Yanukovych from his post on the grounds that he was unable to fulfill his duties.<a href="#cite_note-EnUkrRev-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-interfax1-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-RadioFreeEurope-93">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a> was appointed by the Rada to serve as the head of a <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">caretaker government</a> until new presidential and parliament elections could be held. This <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Yatsenyuk Government">new government</a> was recognised internationally. Russian government and <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">propaganda</a> have described these events as a "<a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a>" and have said that the caretaker government was illegitimate,<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> while researchers consider the subsequent annexation of Crimea to be a true <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">military coup</a>, because the Russian military seized Crimea's parliament and government buildings and instigated the replacement of its government with Russian proxies.<a href="#cite_note-26436575Putin2-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-idUSBREA4M05420140524-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-PopovaEntangled-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-WilsonCrisis-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-MaidanWar-102">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexation">Annexation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anti-Maidan" title="Anti-Maidan">Anti-Maidan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_invasion_of_Crimea">Russian invasion of Crimea</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>"Crimean self-defence forces", 2 March 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pro-Ukrainian_demonstration_in_Simferopol,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pro-Ukrainian_demonstration_in_Simferopol%2C_2014.jpg/220px-Pro-Ukrainian_demonstration_in_Simferopol%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pro-Ukrainian_demonstration_in_Simferopol%2C_2014.jpg/330px-Pro-Ukrainian_demonstration_in_Simferopol%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pro-Ukrainian_demonstration_in_Simferopol%2C_2014.jpg/440px-Pro-Ukrainian_demonstration_in_Simferopol%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>A pro-Ukrainian demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> (Ukrainian flag on the left, Crimean Tatar flag on the right) during the Russian military intervention in Crimea, 9 March 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal_For_the_Return_of_Crimea_revers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Medal_For_the_Return_of_Crimea_revers.png/170px-Medal_For_the_Return_of_Crimea_revers.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Medal_For_the_Return_of_Crimea_revers.png/255px-Medal_For_the_Return_of_Crimea_revers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Medal_For_the_Return_of_Crimea_revers.png/340px-Medal_For_the_Return_of_Crimea_revers.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>Medal of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Defense_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Defense Ministry">Russian Defense Ministry</a> <a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Return_of_Crimea%22" title="Medal "For the Return of Crimea"">"For the return of Crimea"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: За возвращение Крыма), 20 February – 18 March 2014</figcaption></figure> The February 2014 <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">revolution of Dignity</a> that ousted Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> sparked a political crisis in Crimea, which initially manifested as <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_Crimean_crisis#23_February" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2014 Crimean crisis">demonstrations</a> against the new <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Yatsenyuk Government">interim Ukrainian government</a>,<a href="#cite_note-crimea_1902-103">[102]</a> but rapidly escalated. In January 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> city council had already called for formation of "people's militia" units to "ensure firm defence" of the city from "extremism".<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> On February 20 several buses with Crimean license plates were stopped at a pro-Maidan checkpoint in a town in <a href="/wiki/Cherkasy_oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherkasy oblast">Cherkasy oblast</a>. Their passengers were violently intimidated and some buses were burned. This incident was subsequently used by Russian propaganda which made unsubstantiated claims that the passengers were killed in gruesome ways.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Verkhovna Rada of Crimea</a> members called for an extraordinary meeting on 21 February. In response to Russian separatist sentiment, the <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> (SBU) said that it would "use severe measures to prevent any action taken against diminishing the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-107">[note 2]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] The party with the largest number of seats in the Crimean parliament (80 of 100), the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> of Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a>, did not discuss Crimean secession, and were supportive of an agreement between President Yanukovych<a href="#cite_note-yanukovych-83">[82]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> activists to end the unrest that was struck on the same day in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> Russia was concerned that the new government avowedly committed to closer relations with the West put its strategic positions in Crimea at risk. On 22–23 February<a href="#cite_note-110">[note 3]</a>, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> convened an all-night meeting with security services chiefs to discuss extrication of the deposed Ukrainian president, Viktor Yanukovych, and at the end of that meeting Putin had remarked that "we must start working on returning Crimea to Russia".<a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-9">[9]</a> After that <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">GRU</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">FSB</a> began negotiating deals with local sympathizers to ensure that when the operation began there would be well‑armed "local self‑defense groups" on the streets for support.<a href="#cite_note-galeotti-12">[11]</a>: 11  On 23 February <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">pro-Russian demonstrations</a> were held in the Crimean city of Sevastopol. Crimean prime minister <a href="/wiki/Anatolii_Mohyliov" title="Anatolii Mohyliov">Anatolii Mohyliov</a> said that his government recognised the new provisional government in Kyiv, and that the Crimean autonomous government would carry out all laws passed by the Ukrainian parliament.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, following a pro-Russian demonstration the previous day where protesters had replaced the Ukrainian flag over the parliament with a Russian flag,<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> a pro-Euromaidan rally of between 5,000 and 15,000 was held in support of the new government, and demanding the resignation of the Crimean parliament; attendees waved Ukrainian, Tatar, and European Union flags.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> Meanwhile, in Sevastopol, thousands protested against the new Ukrainian government, voted to establish a parallel administration, and created civil defence squads with the support of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a> motorcycle club. Protesters waved Russian flags, chanted "Putin is our president!" and said they would refuse to further pay taxes to the Ukrainian state.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-russiarally-116">[113]</a> Russian military convoys were also alleged to be seen in the area.<a href="#cite_note-russiarally-116">[113]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a>, pro-Russian protesters attempted to remove the Ukrainian flag from atop city hall and replace it with the flag of Russia. Over 200 attended, waving Russian, <a href="/wiki/Ribbon_of_Saint_George" title="Ribbon of Saint George">orange-and-black St. George</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a> party flags. Mayor Oleh Osadchy attempted to disperse the crowd and police eventually arrived to defend the flag. The mayor said "This is the territory of Ukraine, Crimea. Here's a flag of Crimea," but was accused of treason and a fight ensued over the flagpole.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> On 24 February, more rallied outside the Sevastopol city state administration.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> Pro-Russian demonstrators accompanied by neo-Cossacks demanded the election of a Russian citizen as mayor and hoisted Russian flags around the city administration; they also handed out leaflets to sign up for a self-defence militia, warning that the "<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">Blue</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Brown</a> Europlague is knocking".<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Yatsuba" title="Volodymyr Yatsuba">Volodymyr Yatsuba</a>, head of Sevastopol administration, announced his resignation, citing the "decision of the city's inhabitants" made at a pro-Russian rally, and while caretaker city administration initially leaned towards recognition of new Ukrainian government,<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> continued pressure from pro-Russian activists forced local authorities to concede.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> Consequently, <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_City_Council" title="Sevastopol City Council">Sevastopol City Council</a> illegally elected <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Chaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Chaly">Alexei Chaly</a>, a Russian citizen, as mayor. Under the law of Ukraine, it was not possible for Sevastopol to elect a mayor, as the Chairman of the Sevastopol City State Administration, appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president of Ukraine</a>, functions as its mayor.<a href="#cite_note-YavlinskyUkr-122">[119]</a> A thousand protesters present chanted "A Russian mayor for a Russian city".<a href="#cite_note-SevastopolInstalls-123">[120]</a> On 25 February, several hundred pro-Russian protesters blocked the Crimean parliament demanding non-recognition of the central government of Ukraine and a referendum on Crimea's status.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> On the same day, crowds gathered again outside Sevastopol's city hall on Tuesday as rumours spread that security forces could arrest Chaly, but police chief Alexander Goncharov said that his officers would refuse to carry out "criminal orders" issued by Kyiv. Viktor Neganov, a Sevastopol-based adviser to the Internal Affairs Minister, condemned the events in the city as a coup. "Chaly represents the interests of the Kremlin which likely gave its tacit approval," he said. Sevastopol City State Administration chairman Vladimir Yatsuba was booed and heckled on 23 February, when he told a pro-Russian rally that Crimea was part of Ukraine. He resigned the next day.<a href="#cite_note-SevastopolInstalls-123">[120]</a> In Simferopol, the Regional State Administration building was blockaded with hundreds of protesters, including neo-Cossacks, demanding a referendum of separation; the rally was organized by the Crimean Front.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> On 26 February, near the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea building, 4,000–5,000 <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> and supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a>-Crimea movement faced 600–700 supporters of pro-Russian organizations and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a> Party.<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> Tatars leaders organised the demonstration in order to block the sitting of the Crimean parliament which is "doing everything to execute plans of separation of Crimea from Ukraine". <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of Crimea">Supreme Council</a> Chairman <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a> said that the Crimean parliament would not consider separation from Ukraine, and that earlier reports that parliament would hold a debate on the matter were provocations.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> Tatars created self-defence groups, encouraged collaboration with Russians, Ukrainians, and people of other nationalities, and called for the protection of churches, mosques, synagogues, and other important sites.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> By nightfall the Crimean Tatars had left; several hundred Russian Unity supporters rallied on.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> The <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Yatsenyuk Government">new Ukrainian government</a>'s acting Internal Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsen Avakov (politician)">Arsen Avakov</a> tasked Crimean law enforcement agencies not to provoke conflicts and to do whatever necessary to prevent clashes with pro-Russian forces; and he added "I think, that way – through a dialogue – we shall achieve much more than with standoffs".<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> New <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> (SBU) chief <a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a> requested that the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> provide around-the-clock monitoring of the security situation in Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> Russian troops took control of the main route to <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> on orders from Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>. A military checkpoint, with a Russian flag and Russian military vehicles, was set up on the main highway between the city and <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-globe26-135">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_takeover">Russian takeover</h3></div> On 27 February, unmarked Russian forces in cooperation with local nationalist paramilitaries took over the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz" title="Spetsnaz">Russian special forces</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">seizing</a> the <a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea">building of the Supreme Council of Crimea</a> and the building of the Council of Ministers in <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Russian flags</a> were raised over these buildings<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barricade" title="Barricade">barricades</a> were erected outside them.<a href="#cite_note-LentaBerkut-139">[136]</a> Pro-Russian forces also occupied several localities in <a href="/wiki/Kherson_Oblast" title="Kherson Oblast">Kherson Oblast</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Arabat_Spit" title="Arabat Spit">Arabat Spit</a>, which is geographically a part of Crimea. Whilst the "<a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">little green men</a>" were occupying the Crimean parliament building, the parliament held an emergency session.<a href="#cite_note-interfax27feb-140">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters13mar-141">[138]</a> It voted to terminate the Crimean government, and replace Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anatolii_Mohyliov" title="Anatolii Mohyliov">Anatolii Mohyliov</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Christian_Science_Monitor-142">[139]</a> Aksyonov belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a> party, which received 4% of the vote in the last election.<a href="#cite_note-reuters13mar-141">[138]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution of Ukraine</a>, the prime minister of Crimea is appointed by the Supreme Council of Crimea in consultation with the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yanu'snewPMC-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> Both Aksyonov and speaker Vladimir Konstantinov stated that they viewed Viktor Yanukovych as the de jure <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president of Ukraine</a>, through whom they were able to ask Russia for assistance.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> The parliament also voted to hold a referendum on greater autonomy set for 25 May. The troops had cut all of the building's communications, and took MPs' phones as they entered.<a href="#cite_note-interfax27feb-140">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters13mar-141">[138]</a> No independent journalists were allowed inside the building while the votes were taking place.<a href="#cite_note-reuters13mar-141">[138]</a> Some MPs said they were being threatened and that votes were cast for them and other MPs, even though they were not in the chamber.<a href="#cite_note-reuters13mar-141">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> reported "it is impossible to find out whether all the 64 members of the 100-member legislature who were registered as present at when the two decisions were voted on or whether someone else used the plastic voting cards of some of them" because due to the armed occupation of parliament it was unclear how many MPs were present.<a href="#cite_note-IUCR27214-146">[143]</a> The head of parliament's information and analysis department, Olha Sulnikova, had phoned from inside the <a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea">parliamentary building</a> to journalists and had told them 61 of the registered 64 deputies had voted for the referendum resolution and 55 for the resolution to dismiss the government.<a href="#cite_note-IUCR27214-146">[143]</a> Donetsk People's Republic separatist <a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a> said in January 2015 that Crimean members of parliament were held at gunpoint, and were forced to support the annexation.<a href="#cite_note-KP11MA2015-147">[144]</a> These actions were immediately declared illegal by the Ukrainian interim government.<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> On the same day, more troops in unmarked uniforms, assisted this time by what appeared to be local <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a> riot police (as well as Russian troops from the <a href="/wiki/31st_Guards_Air_Assault_Brigade" title="31st Guards Air Assault Brigade">31st Separate Airborne Assault Brigade</a> dressed in Berkut uniforms),<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> established <a href="/wiki/Security_checkpoint" title="Security checkpoint">security checkpoints</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Perekop" title="Isthmus of Perekop">Isthmus of Perekop</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chonhar_Peninsula" title="Chonhar Peninsula">Chonhar Peninsula</a>, which separate Crimea from the Ukrainian mainland.<a href="#cite_note-LentaBerkut-139">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> Within hours, Ukraine had been cut off from Crimea. Shortly afterwards, Ukrainian TV channels became unavailable for Crimean viewers, and some of them were replaced with Russian stations. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG/220px-2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG/330px-2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG/440px-2014_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="1552" /></a><figcaption>The blockade of military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the capture of Crimea by Russia in February–March 2014</figcaption></figure> On 1 March 2014, Aksyonov said that he would exercise control of all Ukrainian military and security installations on the peninsula. He also asked Putin for "assistance in ensuring peace and tranquillity" in Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> Putin promptly received authorisation from the <a href="/wiki/Federation_Council_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation Council of Russia">Federation Council of Russia</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_Ukraine_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)">Russian military intervention in Ukraine</a> until the "political-social situation in the country is normalized".<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Federation_2014-156">[153]</a> Putin's swift manoeuvre prompted protests of some Russian intelligentsia and <a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">demonstrations in Moscow</a> against a Russian military campaign in Crimea. By 2 March, Russian troops moving from the country's naval base in <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> and reinforced by troops, armour, and helicopters from mainland Russia exercised complete control over the Crimean Peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-walker-the-guardian-2014-descend-158">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-news-2014-request-159">[156]</a> Russian troops operated in Crimea without insignia. On 3 March they <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">blockaded Southern Naval Base</a>. On 4 March, <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Ukrainian_Armed_Forces" title="General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces">Ukrainian General Staff</a> said there were units of the <a href="/wiki/18th_Guards_Motor_Rifle_Brigade" title="18th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade">18th Motor Rifle Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/31st_Guards_Air_Assault_Brigade" title="31st Guards Air Assault Brigade">31st Air Assault Brigade</a> and <a href="/wiki/22nd_Spetsnaz_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Spetsnaz Brigade">22nd Spetsnaz Brigade</a> deployed and operating in Crimea, instead of <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Russian Black Sea Fleet</a> personnel, which violated international agreements signed by Ukraine and Russia.<a href="#cite_note-zsu_henshtab-160">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-zsu_interfax-161">[158]</a> At a press conference on the same day, Russian president Vladimir Putin said that Russia had no plans to annex Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-de-162">[159]</a> He also said that it had no plans to invade Ukraine, but that it might intervene if Russians in Ukraine were threatened.<a href="#cite_note-de-162">[159]</a> This was part of a pattern of public denials of the ongoing Russian military operation.<a href="#cite_note-de-162">[159]</a> Numerous media reports and statements by the Ukrainian and foreign governments noted the identity of the unmarked troops as Russian soldiers, but Russian officials <a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">concealed</a> the identity of their forces, claiming they were local "self-defence" units over whom they had no authority.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-40">[39]</a> As late as 17 April, Russian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a> said that there were no "excessive Russian troops" in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> At the same press conference, Putin said of the peninsula that "only citizens themselves, in conditions of free expression of will and their security can determine their future".<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> Putin later acknowledged that he had ordered "work to bring Crimea back into Russia" as early as February.<a href="#cite_note-revea-41">[40]</a> He also acknowledged that in early March there were "secret opinion polls" held in Crimea, which, according to him, reported overwhelming popular support for Crimea's incorporation into Russia.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> Russia eventually admitted its troops' presence.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shoygu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Shoygu">Sergey Shoygu</a> said the country's military actions in Crimea were undertaken by forces of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a> and were justified by "threat to lives of Crimean <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilians</a>" and danger of "takeover of Russian military infrastructure by <a href="/wiki/Extremism" title="Extremism">extremists</a>".<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Ukraine complained that by increasing its troop presence in Crimea, Russia violated the agreement under which it headquartered its Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> and violated the country's <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Ukraine">sovereignty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blogs.telegraph.co.uk-169">[166]</a> The United States and United Kingdom accused Russia of breaking the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances">Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances</a>, by which Russia, the US, and the UK had reaffirmed their obligation to refrain from the threat or use of force against the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a> or political independence of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-USStatement-170">[167]</a> The Russian government said the Budapest Memorandum <a href="#cite_note-budapest-memorandum-171">[168]</a> did not apply due to "circumstances resulting from the action of internal political or socio-economic factors".<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> In March 2015, retired Russian Admiral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Kasatonov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Kasatonov (page does not exist)">Igor Kasatonov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Kasatonov" class="extiw" title="ru:Igor Kasatonov">ru</a>] stated that according to his information the Russian troop deployment in Crimea included six helicopter landings and three landings of an <a href="/wiki/IL-76" class="mw-redirect" title="IL-76">IL-76</a> with 500 people.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence of Crimea">Declaration of Independence of Crimea</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:18.0em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Category:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-weight:normal; color:black;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014 annexation of Crimea</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Crimea.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Crimea"><img alt="Map of Crimea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Map_of_the_Crimea.png/165px-Map_of_the_Crimea.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Map_of_the_Crimea.png/248px-Map_of_the_Crimea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Map_of_the_Crimea.png/330px-Map_of_the_Crimea.png 2x" data-file-width="2283" data-file-height="1485" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:1px solid lightsteelblue;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Main topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline of the annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reactions to the annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_referendum,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean referendum, 2014">2014 Crimean referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean problem">Crimean problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:1px solid lightsteelblue;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">1944 deportation of the Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_Crimea_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of Crimea in the Soviet Union">1954 transfer of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belavezha_Accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Belavezha Accords">1991 Belavezha Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Crimea" title="President of Crimea">1994–95 President of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances">1994 Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_-_Ukrainian_Friendship_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian - Ukrainian Friendship Treaty">1997 Russian - Ukrainian Friendship Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">1997 Partition Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_anti-NATO_protests_in_Feodosiya" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosiya">2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">2010 Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">2013–14 Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:none;font-size:smaller;"> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea"><img alt="Autonomous Republic of Crimea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Crimea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Crimea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_in_2014_sidebar" title="Template:Annexation of Crimea in 2014 sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Annexation_of_Crimea_in_2014_sidebar" title="Template talk:Annexation of Crimea in 2014 sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_in_2014_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation of Crimea in 2014 sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The obligations between Russia and Ukraine with regard to <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a> and the prohibition of the use of force are laid down in a number of multilateral or bilateral agreements to which Russia and Ukraine are signatories.<a href="#cite_note-UkraineStatement-175">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-NATOStatement-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-USStatement-170">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-International_Law-177">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> said that Russian troops in the Crimean Peninsula were aimed "to ensure proper conditions for the people of Crimea to be able to freely express their will,"<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> whilst Ukraine and other nations argue that such intervention is a violation of <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Ukraine">Ukraine's sovereignty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blogs.telegraph.co.uk-169">[166]</a> In the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances">Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances</a><a href="#cite_note-budapest-memorandum-171">[168]</a> Russia was among those who affirmed to respect the territorial integrity of Ukraine (including Crimea) and to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-USStatement-170">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-International_Law-177">[174]</a> The 1997 Russian–Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Ukrainian_Friendship_Treaty" title="Russian–Ukrainian Friendship Treaty">Treaty on Friendship,</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> Cooperation, and Partnership again reaffirmed the inviolability of the borders between both states,<a href="#cite_note-International_Law-177">[174]</a> and required Russian forces in Crimea to respect the sovereignty of Ukraine, honor its legislation and not interfere in the internal affairs of the country.<a href="#cite_note-BoundByTreaty-180">[177]</a> The Russian–Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet</a> signed in 1997 and prolonged in 2010, determined the status of Russian military presence in Crimea and restricted their operations,<a href="#cite_note-International_Law-177">[174]</a> including requirement to show their "military identification cards" when crossing the international border and that operations beyond designated deployment sites was permitted only after coordination with Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-BoundByTreaty-180">[177]</a> According to Ukraine usage of navigation stations and troop movements were improperly covered by the treaty and were violated many times as well as related court decisions. February's troop movements were in "complete disregard" of the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-Yeroshko-181">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[note 4]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG/220px-2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG/330px-2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG/440px-2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0162.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a>" and trucks after the seizure of <a href="/wiki/Perevalne" title="Perevalne">Perevalne</a> military base, 9 March 2014</figcaption></figure> According to the Constitution of Russia, the admission of new federal subjects is governed by federal constitutional law (art. 65.2).<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> Such a law was adopted in 2001, and it postulates that admission of a foreign state or its part into Russia shall be based on a mutual accord between the Russian Federation and the relevant state and shall take place pursuant to an international treaty between the two countries; moreover, it must be initiated by the state in question, not by its subdivision or by Russia.<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> On 28 February 2014, Russian MP <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Mironov" title="Sergey Mironov">Sergey Mironov</a>, along with other members of the Duma, introduced a bill to alter Russia's procedure for adding federal subjects. According to the bill, accession could be initiated by a subdivision of a country, provided that there is "absence of efficient sovereign state government in foreign state"; the request could be made either by subdivision bodies on their own or on the basis of a referendum held in the subdivision in accordance with corresponding national legislation.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> On 11 March 2014, both the Supreme Council of Crimea and the Sevastopol City Council adopted a <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea">declaration of independence</a>, which stated their intent to declare independence and request full accession to Russia should the pro-Russian option receive the most votes during the scheduled status referendum. The declaration directly referred to the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_independence_precedent" title="Kosovo independence precedent">Kosovo independence precedent</a>, by which the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian people">Albanian</a>-populated <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo_and_Metohija" title="Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija">Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija</a> declared independence from Russia's ally <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Kosovo">Republic of Kosovo</a> in 2008—a unilateral action Russia <a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_reaction_to_the_2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="Russia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">staunchly opposed</a>. The Russian government used <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo independence">Kosovo independence</a> precedent as a legal justification for the annexation of Crimea<a href="#cite_note-auto3-187">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> Many analysts saw the Crimean declaration as an overt effort to pave the way for Crimea's annexation by Russia<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> and reject Russia's Kosovo precedent justification as being different compared to Crimea events,<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> comparing the annexation to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">anschluss of Austria</a> and Czechoslovak <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Sudetes</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> Crimean authorities' stated plans to declare independence from Ukraine made the Mironov bill unnecessary. On 20 March 2014, two days after the <a href="#Admission_treaty_and_aftermath">treaty of accession</a> was signed, the bill was withdrawn by its initiators.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] At its meeting on 21–22 March, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a> stated that the Mironov bill violated "in particular, the principles of territorial integrity, national sovereignty, non-intervention in the internal affairs of another state and <a href="/wiki/Pacta_sunt_servanda" title="Pacta sunt servanda">pacta sunt servanda</a>" and was therefore incompatible with <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimean_status_referendum">Crimean status referendum</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></div> On 27 February 2014, following the takeover of its building and replacement of Ukrainian-elected officials with Russian-controlled actors by Russian special forces,<a href="#cite_note-:3-199">[195]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a> voted to hold a <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">referendum</a> on 25 May, with the initial question as to whether Crimea should upgrade its autonomy within Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] The referendum date was later moved from 25 May to 30 March.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> A Ukrainian court declared the referendum to be illegal.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> On 6 March, the Supreme Council moved the <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Crimean referendum">referendum</a> date to 16 March and changed its scope to ask a new question: whether Crimea should apply to join Russia as a <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subject</a> or restore the <a href="/wiki/1992_Crimean_constitution" title="1992 Crimean constitution">1992 Crimean constitution</a> within Ukraine, which the Ukrainian government had previously invalidated. This referendum, unlike one announced earlier, contained no option to maintain the status quo of governance under the 1998 constitution.<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> Ukraine's acting president, <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a>, stated that "The authorities in Crimea are totally illegitimate, both the parliament and the government. They are forced to work under the barrel of a gun and all their decisions are dictated by fear and are illegal".<a href="#cite_note-reutersgun-204">[200]</a> On 14 March, the Crimean status referendum was deemed unconstitutional by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Ukraine" title="Constitutional Court of Ukraine">Constitutional Court of Ukraine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a> and a day later, the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> formally dissolved the Crimean parliament.<a href="#cite_note-zakon-43">[42]</a> With a referendum looming, Russia massed troops near the Ukrainian eastern border,<a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a> likely to threaten escalation and stymie Ukraine's response. The referendum was held despite the opposition from the Ukrainian government. Official results reported about 95.5% of participating voters in Crimea (turnout was 83%) were in favour of seceding from Ukraine and joining Russia.<a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Collett-White-207">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> Crimean Tatars mostly boycotted the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> A report by Evgeny Bobrov, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Council_for_Civil_Society_and_Human_Rights" title="Presidential Council for Civil Society and Human Rights">Russian President's Human Rights Council</a>, suggested the official results were inflated and between 50 and 60% of Crimeans voted for the reunification with Russia, with the turnout of 30-50%, meaning that 15% to 30% of Crimeans eligible to vote voted for the Russian annexation (the support was higher in administratively separate Sevastopol).<a href="#cite_note-:3-199">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> According to a survey carried out by <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> in 2014, 54% of Crimean residents supported the right of regions to secede, 91% believed the referendum was free and fair and 88% believed that the government in Kyiv ought to recognize the results of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> The means by which the referendum was conducted were widely criticised by foreign governments<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Voters-213">[209]</a> and in the Ukrainian and international press, with reports that anyone holding a Russian passport regardless of residency in Crimea was allowed to vote.<a href="#cite_note-fast-214">[210]</a> OSCE refused to send observers to the referendum, stating that invitation should have come from an OSCE member state in question (i.e. Ukraine), rather than local authorities.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> Russia invited a group of observers from various European <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> political parties aligned with Putin, who stated the referendum was conducted in a free and fair manner.<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proclamations_of_independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea">Proclamations of independence of the Republic of Crimea</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Republic of Crimea (country)" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Republic of Crimea (disambiguation)">Republic of Crimea (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea">Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea</a></div> The Republic of Crimea was short lived. On 17 March, following the official announcement of the <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">referendum</a> results, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a> declared the formal independence of the Republic of Crimea, comprising the territories of both the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea</a> and the city of <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, which was granted <a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">special status</a> within the breakaway republic.<a href="#cite_note-res1745-218">[214]</a> The Crimean parliament declared the "partial repeal" of Ukrainian laws and began nationalising private and Ukrainian state property located on the Crimean Peninsula, including Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">ports</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> and property of <a href="/wiki/Chornomornaftogaz" title="Chornomornaftogaz">Chornomornaftogaz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> Parliament also formally requested that the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russian government</a> admit the breakaway republic into Russia,<a href="#cite_note-guardian20140317-221">[217]</a> with Sevastopol asking to be admitted as a "city of federal significance".<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> On the same day, the de facto Supreme Council renamed itself the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Crimea" title="State Council of Crimea">State Council of Crimea</a>,<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> declared the <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> an official currency alongside the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hryvnia" title="Ukrainian hryvnia">hryvnia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> and in June the Russian ruble became the only form of legal tender.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> Putin officially recognised the Republic of Crimea 'as a sovereign and independent state' by <a href="/wiki/Decree_of_the_President_of_Russia" title="Decree of the President of Russia">decree</a> on 17 March.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> On 21 March the Republic of Crimea became a federal Subject of Russia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accession_treaty_and_finalization_of_the_annexation">Accession treaty and finalization of the annexation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea (Russia)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status of Crimea</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov,_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly.jpg/220px-Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly.jpg/330px-Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly.jpg/440px-Putin_with_Vladimir_Konstantinov%2C_Sergey_Aksyonov_and_Alexey_Chaly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>President Putin with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Chaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexey Chaly">Alexey Chaly</a> at the Kremlin, 18 March 2014</figcaption></figure> The Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia was signed between representatives of the Republic of Crimea (including Sevastopol, with which the rest of Crimea briefly unified) and the Russian Federation on 18 March 2014 to lay out terms for the immediate admission of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> as <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subjects of Russia</a> and part of the Russian Federation.<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[note 5]</a> On 19 March, the Russian Constitutional Court decided that the treaty is in compliance with the Constitution of Russia.<a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a> The treaty was ratified by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Federal Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federation_Council_(Russia)" title="Federation Council (Russia)">Federation Council</a> by 21 March.<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a> <a href="/wiki/A_Just_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="A Just Russia">A Just Russia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Ponomarev" title="Ilya Ponomarev">Ilya Ponomarev</a> was the only <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a> member to vote against the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Crimea (country)">Republic of Crimea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_city" title="Federal city">federal city</a> of Sevastopol became the 84th and 85th <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subjects of Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a> During <a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">a controversial incident in Simferopol</a> on 18 March, some Ukrainian sources said that armed gunmen that were reported to be Russian special forces allegedly stormed the base. This was contested by Russian authorities, who subsequently announced the arrest of an alleged Ukrainian sniper in connection with the killings,<a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a> but later denied the arrest had occurred.<a href="#cite_note-237">[232]</a> The two casualties had a joint funeral attended by both the Crimean and Ukrainian authorities, and both the <a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Kokurin" title="Serhiy Kokurin">Ukrainian soldier</a> and Russian paramilitary "self-defence volunteer" were mourned together.<a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a> As of March 2014 the incident was under investigation by both the Crimean authorities and the Ukrainian military.<a href="#cite_note-239">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[235]</a> In response to shooting, Ukraine's then acting defense minister <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a> authorised Ukrainian troops stationed in Crimea to use deadly force in life-threatening situations. This increased the risk of bloodshed during any takeover of Ukrainian military installations, yet the ensuing Russian operations to seize the remaining Ukrainian military bases and ships in Crimea did not bring new fatalities, although weapons were used and several people were injured. The Russian units involved in such operations were ordered to avoid usage of deadly force when possible. Morale among the Ukrainian troops, which for three weeks were blockaded inside their compounds without any assistance from the Ukrainian government, was very low, and the vast majority of them did not offer any real resistance.<a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a> On 24 March, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Ukrainian government</a> ordered the full withdrawal of all of its armed forces from Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a> Approximately 50% of the Ukrainian soldiers in Crimea had defected to the Russian military.<a href="#cite_note-243">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a> On 26 March the last Ukrainian military bases and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Navy" title="Ukrainian Navy">Ukrainian Navy</a> ships were captured by <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian troops</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140326_RcC-245">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occupation">Occupation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_2019_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_2019_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_2.jpg/290px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_2019_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_2019_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_2.jpg/435px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_2019_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_2019_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_2.jpg/580px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9_2019_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a> parade in <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, 1 May 2019.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Russian occupation of Crimea</a></div> On 27 March, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> adopted a <a href="/wiki/Non-binding_resolution" title="Non-binding resolution">non-binding</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">resolution</a>, which declared the Crimean referendum and subsequent status change invalid, by a vote of 100 to 11, with 58 abstentions and 24 absent.<a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a> Crimea and Sevastopol switched to <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Time" title="Moscow Time">Moscow Time</a> at 10 p.m. on 29 March.<a href="#cite_note-Crimean_time_change-248">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time_switch-249">[244]</a> On 31 March, Russia unilaterally <a href="/wiki/Denunciation_(international_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denunciation (international law)">denounced</a> the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a> Putin cited "the accession of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a> and Sevastopol into Russia" and resulting "practical end of <a href="/wiki/Renting" title="Renting">renting</a> relationships" as his reason for the denunciation.<a href="#cite_note-252">[247]</a> On the same day, he signed a decree formally rehabilitating the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a>, who were <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">ousted from their lands</a> in 1944, and the Armenian, German, Greek, and Bulgarian minority communities in the region that <a href="/wiki/Josef_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Stalin">Stalin</a> also ordered removed in the 1940s. Also on 31 March 2014, the Russian <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Government_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> announced a series of programmes aimed at swiftly incorporating the territory of Crimea into Russia's <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a>. Medvedev announced the creation of a new ministry for Crimean affairs, and ordered Russia's top ministers who joined him there to make coming up with a development plan their top priority.<a href="#cite_note-253">[248]</a> On 3 April 2014, the Republic of Crimea and the city of <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> became parts of Russia's <a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_District" title="Southern Military District">Southern Military District</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On 7 May 2015, Crimea switched its phone code system from the <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Ukraine" title="Telephone numbers in Ukraine">Ukrainian number system</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Russian number system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a> On 11 April, the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea and City Charter of Sevastopol were adopted by their respective legislatures,<a href="#cite_note-255">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a> coming into effect the following day in addition the new federal subjects were enumerated in a newly published revision of the Russian Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-257">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[253]</a> On 14 April, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> announced that he would open a ruble-only account with <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Bank" title="Rossiya Bank">Bank Rossiya</a> and would make it the primary bank in the newly annexed Crimea as well as giving the right to service payments on Russia's $36 billion wholesale electricity market – which gave the bank $112 million annually from commission charges alone.<a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_UK-Crimea-RU.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Location_UK-Crimea-RU.PNG/220px-Location_UK-Crimea-RU.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Location_UK-Crimea-RU.PNG/330px-Location_UK-Crimea-RU.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Location_UK-Crimea-RU.PNG/440px-Location_UK-Crimea-RU.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Crimea (dark green), Rest of Ukraine (light green) and Russia (light red) in Europe</figcaption></figure> Russia withdrew its forces from southern Kherson in December 2014.<a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a> In July 2015, Russian prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, declared that Crimea had been fully integrated into Russia.<a href="#cite_note-261">[256]</a> Until 2016 these new subjects were grouped in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a>. On 8 August 2016, Ukraine reported that Russia had increased its military presence along the demarcation line.<a href="#cite_note-262">[257]</a> In response to this military buildup Ukraine also deployed more troops and resources closer to the border with Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-263">[258]</a> The Pentagon has downplayed a Russian invasion of Ukraine, calling Russian troops along the border a regular military exercise.<a href="#cite_note-264">[259]</a> On 10 August, Russia claimed two servicemen were killed in clashes with Ukrainian commandos, and that Ukrainian servicemen had been captured with a total of 40 kg of explosives in their possession.<a href="#cite_note-265">[260]</a> Ukraine denied that the incident took place.<a href="#cite_note-266">[261]</a> Russian accounts claimed that Russian <a href="/wiki/FSB_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="FSB (Russia)">FSB</a> detained "Ukrainian saboteurs" and "terrorists" near Armiansk. The ensuing gunfight left one FSB officer and a suspect dead. A number of individuals were detained, including Yevhen Panov, who is described by Russian sources as a Ukrainian military intelligence officer and leader of the sabotage group. The group was allegedly planning terror attacks on important infrastructure in Armiansk, Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-:1-267">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-268">[263]</a> Ukrainian media reported that Panov was a military volunteer fighting in the east of the country, however he has more recently been associated with a charitable organization. Russia also claimed that the alleged border infiltration was accompanied by "heavy fire" from Ukrainian territory, resulting in the death of a Russian soldier.<a href="#cite_note-:1-267">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-268">[263]</a> The Ukrainian government called the Russian accusations "cynical" and "senseless" and argued that since Crimea was Ukrainian territory, it was Russia which "has been generously financing and actively supporting terrorism on Ukrainian territory".<a href="#cite_note-269">[264]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_2022,_80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_2022%2C_80.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_2022%2C_80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_2022%2C_80.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_2022%2C_80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_2022%2C_80.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_2022%2C_80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A pro-war propaganda event in <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, Crimea, 29 April 2022</figcaption></figure> In 2017, a survey performed by the Centre for East European and International Studies showed that 85% of the non-Crimean Tatar respondents believed that if the referendum would be held again it would lead to the same or "only marginally different" results. Crimea was fully integrated into the Russian media sphere, and links with the rest of Ukraine were hardly existent.<a href="#cite_note-270">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[266]</a> On 26 November 2018, lawmakers in the Ukraine Parliament overwhelmingly backed the imposition of martial law along Ukraine's coastal regions and those bordering Russia in response to the <a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">firing upon and seizure of Ukrainian naval ships by Russia near the Crimean Peninsula</a> a day earlier. A total of 276 lawmakers in Kyiv backed the measure, which took effect on 28 November 2018 and was ended on 26 December.<a href="#cite_note-272">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[268]</a> On 28 December 2018, Russia completed a high-tech security fence marking the de facto border between Crimea and Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a> In 2021, Ukraine launched the <a href="/wiki/Crimea_Platform" title="Crimea Platform">Crimea Platform</a>, a diplomatic initiative aimed at protecting the rights of Crimean inhabitants and ultimately reversing the annexation of Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-275">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transition_and_aftermath">Transition and aftermath</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_implications">Economic implications</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Economic history of the Russian Federation">Economic history of the Russian Federation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)">Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)</a></div> Initially after the annexation, salaries rose, especially those of government workers[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. This was soon offset by the increase in prices caused by the <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Russian_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2014–15 Russian financial crisis">depreciation of the ruble</a>. Wages were cut back by 30% to 70% after Russian authority became established[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Tourism, previously Crimea's main industry, suffered in particular, down by 50% from 2014 in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-276">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[272]</a> Crimean agricultural yields were also significantly impacted by the annexation[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Ukraine cut off supplies of water through the <a href="/wiki/North_Crimean_Canal" title="North Crimean Canal">North Crimean Canal</a>, which supplies 85% of Crimea's fresh water,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] causing the 2014 rice crop to fail, and greatly damaging the <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybean</a> crops.<a href="#cite_note-6ME-278">[273]</a> The annexation had a negative influence on Russians working in Ukraine and Ukrainians working in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-279">[274]</a> The number of tourists visiting Crimea in the 2014 season was lower than in the previous years due to a combination of "Western sanctions", ethical objections by Ukrainians, and the difficulty of getting there for Russians.<a href="#cite_note-280">[275]</a> The Russian government attempted to stimulate the flow of tourists by subsidizing holidays in the peninsula for children and state workers from all Russia<a href="#cite_note-281">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[277]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] which worked mostly for state-owned hotels. In 2015, overall 3 million tourists visited Crimea according to official data, while before annexation it was around 5.5 million on average. The shortage is attributed mostly to stopped flow of tourists from Ukraine. Hotels and restaurants are also experiencing problems with finding enough seasonal workers, who were most arriving from Ukraine in the preceding years. Tourists visiting state-owned hotels were complaining mostly about low standard of rooms and facilities, some of them still unrepaired from Soviet times.<a href="#cite_note-283">[278]</a> According to the German newspaper <a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a>, the annexation of Crimea is economically disadvantageous for the Russian Federation. Russia will have to spend billions of euros a year to pay salaries and pensions. Moreover, Russia will have to undertake costly projects to connect Crimea to the Russian water supply and power system because Crimea has no land connection to Russia and at present (2014) gets water, gas and electricity from mainland Ukraine. This required building <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">a bridge</a> and a pipeline across the <a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait" title="Kerch Strait">Kerch Strait</a>. Also, Novinite claims that a Ukrainian expert told Die Welt that Crimea "will not be able to attract tourists".<a href="#cite_note-284">[279]</a> The then first Deputy to <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Russia)">Minister of Finance</a> of Russian Federation <a href="/wiki/Tatyana_Nesterenko" title="Tatyana Nesterenko">Tatyana Nesterenko</a> said that the decision to annex Crimea was made by Vladimir Putin exclusively, without consulting Russia's Finance Ministry.<a href="#cite_note-285">[280]</a> The Russian <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Russia">business newspaper</a> <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a> expresses an opinion that Russia will not acquire anything economically from "accessing" Crimea, which is not very developed industrially, having just a few big factories, and whose yearly gross product is only $4 billion. The newspaper also says that everything from Russia will have to be delivered by sea, higher costs of transportation will result in higher prices for everything, and to avoid a decline in living standards Russia will have to subsidise Crimean people for a few months. In total, Kommersant estimates the costs of integrating Crimea into Russia in $30 billion over the next decade, i.e. $3 billion per year.<a href="#cite_note-kommersant20140207-286">[281]</a> Western oil experts[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>]estimate that Russia's seizing of Crimea, and the associated control of an area of Black Sea more than three times its land area gives it access to oil and gas reserves potentially worth trillions of dollars.<a href="#cite_note-287">[282]</a> It also deprives Ukraine of its chances of energy independence. Moscow's acquisition may alter the route along which the <a href="/wiki/South_Stream" title="South Stream">South Stream</a> pipeline would be built, saving Russia money, time and engineering challenges[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. It would also allow Russia to avoid building in Turkish territorial waters, which was necessary in the original route to avoid Ukrainian territory.<a href="#cite_note-In_taking_Crimea,_Putin_gains_a_sea_of_fuel_reserves-288">[283]</a> This pipeline was later canceled in favour of <a href="/wiki/TurkStream" title="TurkStream">TurkStream</a>, however. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_of_the_Crimean_bridge_(2018-05-15)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Opening_of_the_Crimean_bridge_%282018-05-15%29_01.jpg/220px-Opening_of_the_Crimean_bridge_%282018-05-15%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Opening_of_the_Crimean_bridge_%282018-05-15%29_01.jpg/330px-Opening_of_the_Crimean_bridge_%282018-05-15%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Opening_of_the_Crimean_bridge_%282018-05-15%29_01.jpg/440px-Opening_of_the_Crimean_bridge_%282018-05-15%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Vladimir Putin and his close confidant <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Rotenberg" title="Arkady Rotenberg">Arkady Rotenberg</a> before the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a> in May 2018</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Service_for_Supervision_of_Communications,_Information_Technology_and_Mass_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media">Russian Federal Service for Communications</a> (Roskomnadzor) warned about a transition period as Russian operators have to change the numbering capacity and subscribers. <a href="/wiki/Country_code" title="Country code">Country code</a> will be replaced from the <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Ukraine" title="Telephone numbers in Ukraine">Ukrainian +380</a> to <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Russian +7</a>. Codes in Crimea start with <a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Ukraine#65_–_Crimea" title="List of dialling codes in Ukraine">65</a>, but in the area of <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in Soviet Union">"7"</a> the 6 is given to Kazakhstan which shares former Soviet Union +7 with Russia, so city codes have to change. The regulator assigned 869 <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">dialling code</a> to Sevastopol and the rest of the peninsula received a 365 code.<a href="#cite_note-289">[284]</a> At the time of the unification with Russia, telephone operators and Internet service providers in Crimea and Sevastopol are connected to the outside world through the territory of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-290">[285]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Mass_Media_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Mass Media (Russia)">Minister of Communications</a> of Russia, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Nikiforov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Nikiforov">Nikolai Nikiforov</a> announced on his <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account that <a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">postal codes</a> in Crimea will now have six-figures: to the existing five-digit number the number two will be added at the beginning. For example, the Simferopol postal code 95000 will become 295000.<a href="#cite_note-291">[286]</a> In the area that now forms the border between Crimea and Ukraine mining the salt lake inlets from the sea that constitute the natural borders, and in the spit of land left over stretches of no-man's-land with wire on either side was created.<a href="#cite_note-292">[287]</a> On early June that year <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> signed a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Order of the Government of Russia">Government resolution</a> No.961<a href="#cite_note-293">[288]</a> dated 5 June 2014 establishing air, sea, road and railway checkpoints. The adopted decisions create a legal basis for the functioning of a checkpoint system at the <a href="/wiki/Russian_state_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian state border">Russian state border</a> in the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.<a href="#cite_note-294">[289]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] In the year following the annexation, armed men seized various Crimean businesses, including banks, hotels, shipyards, farms, gas stations, a <a href="/wiki/Bakery" title="Bakery">bakery</a>, a dairy, and Yalta Film Studio.<a href="#cite_note-AP141202-295">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT150110-296">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-AFP150227-297">[292]</a> Russian media have noted this trend as "returning to the 90's," which is perceived as a period of anarchy and rule of gangs in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-298">[293]</a> After 2014 the Russian government invested heavily in the peninsula's infrastructure—repairing roads, modernizing hospitals and building the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a> that links the peninsula to the Russian mainland. Development of new sources of water was undertaken, with huge difficulties, to replace closed Ukrainian sources.<a href="#cite_note-299">[294]</a> In 2015, the Investigative Committee of Russia announced a number of theft and corruption cases in infrastructure projects in Crimea, for example; spending that exceeded the actual accounted costs by a factor of three. A number of Russian officials were also arrested for corruption, including head of federal tax inspection.<a href="#cite_note-300">[295]</a> (According to February 2016 official Ukrainian figures) after Russia's annexation 10% of <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> personnel left Crimea; accompanied by 6,000 of the pre-annexation 20,300 people strong <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian army">Ukrainian army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[296]</a> As result of the disputed political status of Crimea, Russian mobile operators never expanded their operations into Crimea and all mobile services are offered on the basis of "internal roaming," which caused significant controversy inside Russia. Telecoms however argued that expanding coverage to Crimea will put them at risk of Western sanctions and, as result, they will lose access to key equipment and software, none of which is produced locally.<a href="#cite_note-302">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a> The first five years of Crimean occupation cost Russia over $20 billion, roughly equal to two years of Russia's entire education budget.<a href="#cite_note-304">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights_situation">Human rights situation</h3></div> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and multiple NGOs, Russia is responsible for multiple <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> abuses, including torture, arbitrary detention, <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance">forced disappearances</a> and instances of discrimination, including <a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">persecution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> in Crimea since the illegal annexation.<a href="#cite_note-urlCrimea:_Persecution_of_Crimean_Tatars_Intensifies|_Human_Rights_Watch-305">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[301]</a> The <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">UN Human Rights Office</a> has documented multiple human rights violations in Crimea. Noting that minority Crimean Tatars have been disproportionately affected.<a href="#cite_note-OHCHR18-307">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-OHCHR20-308">[303]</a> In December 2016, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> voted on a resolution on human rights in occupied Crimea. It called on the Russian Federation "to take all measures necessary to bring an immediate end to all abuses against residents of Crimea, in particular reported discriminatory measures and practices, arbitrary detentions, torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment, and to revoke all discriminatory legislation". It also urged Russia to "immediately release Ukrainian citizens who were unlawfully detained and judged without regard for elementary standards of justice".<a href="#cite_note-309">[304]</a> After the annexation, Russian authorities banned Crimean Tatar organizations, filed criminal charges against Tatar leaders and journalists, and targeted the Tatar population. The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a> have described this as the practice of collective punishment, and therefore as a <a href="/wiki/Russian_war_crimes" title="Russian war crimes">war crime</a> prohibited under international humanitarian law and <a href="/wiki/Geneva_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva convention">Geneva convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[305]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] In March 2014, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported that pro-Ukrainian activists and journalists had been attacked, abducted, and tortured by "self-defense" groups.<a href="#cite_note-HRW140314-311">[306]</a> Some Crimeans were simply "disappeared" with no explanation.<a href="#cite_note-News-312">[307]</a> On 9 May 2014, the new "anti-<a href="/wiki/Extremist" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremist">extremist</a>" <a href="/wiki/Amendment" title="Amendment">amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Russia" title="Criminal Code of Russia">Criminal Code of Russia</a>, passed in December 2013, came into force. Article 280.1 designated incitement of violation of territorial integrity of the Russian Federation<a href="#cite_note-UKRF280-1-313">[308]</a> (incl. calls for secession of Crimea from Russia<a href="#cite_note-314">[309]</a>) as a criminal offense in Russia, punishable by a fine of 300 thousand roubles or imprisonment up to 3 years. If such statements are made in public media or the internet, the punishment could be obligatory works up to 480 hours or imprisonment up to five years.<a href="#cite_note-UKRF280-1-313">[308]</a> According to a report released on the Russian government-run President of Russia's Council on Civil Society and Human Rights website, Tatars who were opposed to Russian rule have been persecuted, Russian law restricting freedom of speech has been imposed, and the new Russian authorities "liquidated" the Kyiv Patriarchate Orthodox church on the peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-unpoTimeline-315">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-42">[41]</a> The Crimean Tatar television station was also shut down by the Russian authorities.<a href="#cite_note-News-312">[307]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_with_representatives_of_the_Crimean_Tatars_02.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_with_representatives_of_the_Crimean_Tatars_02.jpeg/220px-Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_with_representatives_of_the_Crimean_Tatars_02.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_with_representatives_of_the_Crimean_Tatars_02.jpeg/330px-Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_with_representatives_of_the_Crimean_Tatars_02.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_with_representatives_of_the_Crimean_Tatars_02.jpeg/440px-Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_with_representatives_of_the_Crimean_Tatars_02.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Russian president Putin meeting with representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a>, 16 May 2014</figcaption></figure> On 16 May the new Russian authorities of Crimea issued a ban on the annual commemorations of the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">deportation of the Crimean Tatars</a> by Stalin in 1944, citing "possibility of provocation by extremists" as a reason.<a href="#cite_note-316">[311]</a> Previously, when Crimea was controlled by Ukraine, these commemorations had taken place every year. The Russian-installed Crimean authorities also banned <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Dzhemilev" title="Mustafa Dzhemilev">Mustafa Dzhemilev</a>, a human rights activist, Soviet dissident, member of the Ukrainian parliament, and former chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatars from entering Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-ft-317">[312]</a> Additionally, Mejlis reported, that officers of Russia's <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a> (FSB) raided Tatar homes in the same week, on the pretense of "suspicion of terrorist activity".<a href="#cite_note-reut-318">[313]</a> The Tatar community eventually did hold commemorative rallies in defiance of the ban.<a href="#cite_note-ft-317">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-reut-318">[313]</a> In response Russian authorities flew helicopters over the rallies in an attempt to disrupt them.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2-319">[314]</a> In May 2015, a local activist, Alexander Kostenko, was sentenced to four years in a penal colony. His lawyer, Dmitry Sotnikov, said that the case was fabricated and that his client had been beaten and starved. Crimean prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a> accused Kostenko of making <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> gestures during the Maidan protests, and that they were judging "not just [Kostenko], but the very idea of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> and Nazism, which are trying to raise their head once again". Sotnikov responded that "There are fabricated cases in Russia, but rarely such humiliation and physical harm. A living person is being tortured for a political idea, to be able to boast winning over fascism".<a href="#cite_note-AFP150515-320">[315]</a> In June 2015, <a href="/wiki/Razom" title="Razom">Razom</a> released a report compiling human rights abuses in Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-Razom150615-321">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-DB150623-322">[317]</a> In its 2016 annual report, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> made no mention of human rights abuses in Crimea because Russia had not allowed its monitors to enter.<a href="#cite_note-KP160621-323">[318]</a> In February 2016 human rights defender <a href="/wiki/Emir-Usein_Kuku" title="Emir-Usein Kuku">Emir-Usein Kuku</a> from Crimea was arrested and accused of belonging to the Islamist organization <a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a> although he denies any involvement in this organization. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> has called for his immediate release.<a href="#cite_note-324">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[320]</a> On 24 May 2014 Ervin Ibragimov, a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Bakhchysarai" title="Bakhchysarai">Bakhchysarai</a> Town Council and a member of the World Congress of Crimean Tatars went missing. CCTV footage from a camera at a nearby shop documents that Ibragimov had been stopped by a group of men and that he is briefly speaking to the men before being forced in their van.<a href="#cite_note-326">[321]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Human_Rights_Protection_Group" title="Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group">Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group</a> Russian authorities refuse to investigate the disappearance of Ibragimov.<a href="#cite_note-327">[322]</a> In May 2018 <a href="/wiki/Server_Mustafayev" title="Server Mustafayev">Server Mustafayev</a>, the founder and coordinator of the human rights movement Crimean Solidarity was imprisoned by Russian authorities and charged with "membership of a terrorist organisation". <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Front_Line_Defenders" title="Front Line Defenders">Front Line Defenders</a> demand his immediate release.<a href="#cite_note-328">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[324]</a> On 12 June 2018, Ukraine lodged a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum">memorandum</a> weighing about 90 kg, consisting of 17,500 pages of text in 29 volumes to the UN's <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> about <a href="/wiki/Racial_discrimination" title="Racial discrimination">racial discrimination</a> by Russian authorities in occupied Crimea and state financing of terrorism by Russian Federation in <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-urlUAWire_-_Ukraine_files_memorandum_with_UN_Court_of_Justice_containing_evidence_of_Russias_involvement_in_financing_of_terrorism-330">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-urlUkraine_submits_to_ICJ_evidence_of_Russian_crimes_in_Crimea,_Donbas|_UNIAN-331">[326]</a> Between 2015 and 2019 over 134,000 people living in Crimea applied for and were issued Ukrainian passports.<a href="#cite_note-332">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crimean_public_opinion">Crimean public opinion</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Concert_%C2%ABCrimean_spring._Five_years_in_his_native_Harbor%C2%BB_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Concert_%C2%ABCrimean_spring._Five_years_in_his_native_Harbor%C2%BB_10.jpg/220px-Concert_%C2%ABCrimean_spring._Five_years_in_his_native_Harbor%C2%BB_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Concert_%C2%ABCrimean_spring._Five_years_in_his_native_Harbor%C2%BB_10.jpg/330px-Concert_%C2%ABCrimean_spring._Five_years_in_his_native_Harbor%C2%BB_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Concert_%C2%ABCrimean_spring._Five_years_in_his_native_Harbor%C2%BB_10.jpg/440px-Concert_%C2%ABCrimean_spring._Five_years_in_his_native_Harbor%C2%BB_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Concert to mark the fifth anniversary of annexation in <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea, 18 March 2019</figcaption></figure> Prior to Russian occupation, support for joining Russia was 23% in a 2013 poll, down from 33% in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-IRI_CrimeaPoll2013-333">[328]</a> A joint survey by American government agency <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Board_of_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Board of Governors">Broadcasting Board of Governors</a> and polling firm <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> was taken during April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-FFS6464-334">[329]</a> It polled 500 residents of Crimea. The survey found that 82.8% of those polled believed that the results of the Crimean status referendum reflected the views of most residents of Crimea, whereas 6.7% said that it did not. 73.9% of those polled said that they thought that the annexation would have a positive impact on their lives, whereas 5.5% said that it would not. 13.6% said that they did not know.<a href="#cite_note-FFS6464-334">[329]</a> A comprehensive poll released on 8 May 2014 by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research Centre">Pew Research Centre</a> surveyed local opinions on the annexation.<a href="#cite_note-PewReport-335">[330]</a> Despite international criticism of 16 March <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">referendum on Crimean status</a>, 91% of those Crimeans polled thought that the vote was free and fair, and 88% said that the Ukrainian government should recognise the results.<a href="#cite_note-PewReport-335">[330]</a> In a survey completed in 2019 by a Russian company FOM 72% of surveyed Crimean residents said their lives have improved since annexation. At the same time only 39% Russians living in the mainland said the annexation was beneficial for the country as a whole which marks a significant drop from 67% in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-336">[331]</a> Whilst the Russian government actively cited local opinion polls to argue that the annexation was legitimate (i.e. supported by the population of the territory in question),<a href="#cite_note-337">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[333]</a> some authors have cautioned against using surveys concerning identities and support for the annexation conducted in "oppressive political environment" of Russian-held Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-339">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ukrainian_response">Ukrainian response</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">Do not buy Russian goods!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boycott_Russian_Films" title="Boycott Russian Films">Boycott Russian Films</a>, <a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resistance_to_Occupation_of_Crimea_and_Sevastopol" title="Day of Resistance to Occupation of Crimea and Sevastopol">Day of Resistance to Occupation of Crimea and Sevastopol</a></div> Immediately after the treaty of accession was signed in March, the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned the Provisional Principal of Russia in Ukraine to present <a href="/wiki/Note_verbale" class="mw-redirect" title="Note verbale">note verbale</a> of protest against Russia's recognition of the Republic of Crimea and its subsequent annexation.<a href="#cite_note-341">[336]</a> Two days later, the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> condemned the treaty<a href="#cite_note-342">[337]</a> and called Russia's actions "a gross violation of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>". The Rada called on the international community to avoid recognition of the "so-called Republic of Crimea" or the annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol by Russia as new federal subjects. On 15 April 2014, the Verkhovna Rada declared the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol to be under "provisional <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupation</a>" by the Russian military<a href="#cite_note-343">[338]</a> and imposed <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">travel restrictions</a> on Ukrainians visiting Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-apr15-344">[339]</a> The territories were also deemed "inalienable parts of Ukraine" subject to Ukrainian law. Among other things, the special law approved by the Rada restricted foreign citizens' movements to and from the Crimean Peninsula and forbade certain types of entrepreneurship.<a href="#cite_note-345">[340]</a> The law also forbade activity of government bodies formed in violation of Ukrainian law and designated their acts as <a href="/wiki/Null_and_void" class="mw-redirect" title="Null and void">null and void</a>.<a href="#cite_note-346">[341]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nord-Krim-Kanal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nord-Krim-Kanal.png/220px-Nord-Krim-Kanal.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nord-Krim-Kanal.png/330px-Nord-Krim-Kanal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nord-Krim-Kanal.png/440px-Nord-Krim-Kanal.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Following Russia's annexation of Crimea, Ukraine blocked the <a href="/wiki/North_Crimean_Canal" title="North Crimean Canal">North Crimean Canal</a>, which provided 85% of Crimea's drinking water.<a href="#cite_note-347">[342]</a></figcaption></figure> Ukrainian authorities greatly reduced the volume of <a href="/wiki/Canals_in_Ukraine" title="Canals in Ukraine">water flowing into Crimea</a> via the <a href="/wiki/North_Crimean_Canal" title="North Crimean Canal">North Crimean Canal</a> due to huge debt for water supplied in the previous year, threatening the viability of the peninsula's agricultural crops, which are heavily dependent on irrigation.<a href="#cite_note-348">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[344]</a> The Ukrainian National Council for TV and Radio Broadcasting instructed all cable operators on 11 March 2014 to stop transmitting a number of Russian channels, including the international versions of the main state-controlled stations, <a href="/wiki/Russia-1" title="Russia-1">Russia-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One</a> and NTV, as well as news channel <a href="/wiki/Russia-24" title="Russia-24">Russia-24</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[345]</a> In March 2014, activists began organising <a href="/wiki/Flash_mob" title="Flash mob">flash mobs</a> in supermarkets to urge customers <a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">not to buy Russian goods</a> and to boycott Russian <a href="/wiki/Gas_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas stations">gas stations</a>, banks, and concerts. In April 2014, some <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">cinemas</a> in Kyiv, Lviv, and Odesa began <a href="/wiki/Boycott_Russian_Films" title="Boycott Russian Films">shunning Russian films</a>.<a href="#cite_note-351">[346]</a> On 2 December 2014, Ukraine created a <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_Policy_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Information Policy (Ukraine)">Ministry of Information Policy</a>, with one of its goals being, according to first Minister of Information, <a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Stets" title="Yuriy Stets">Yuriy Stets</a>, to counteract "Russian information aggression".<a href="#cite_note-352">[347]</a> In December 2014, Ukraine halted all train and bus services to Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-353">[348]</a> On 16 September 2015 the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian parliament">Ukrainian parliament</a> voted for the law that sets 20 February 2014 as the official date of the Russian temporary occupation of the Crimean Peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-354">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[350]</a> On 7 October 2015 the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president of Ukraine</a> signed the law into force.<a href="#cite_note-356">[351]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Temporarily_Occupied_Territories_and_IDPs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Temporarily Occupied Territories and IDPs">Ministry of Temporarily Occupied Territories and IDPs</a> was established by the Ukrainian government on 20 April 2016 to manage occupied parts of <a href="/wiki/Temporarily_occupied_and_uncontrolled_territories_of_Ukraine_(2014-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporarily occupied and uncontrolled territories of Ukraine (2014-present)">Donetsk, Luhansk and Crimea</a> regions affected by Russian military intervention of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-NMC20416-357">[352]</a> By 2015, the number of IDPs registered in Ukraine who had fled from Russian-occupied Crimea was 50,000.<a href="#cite_note-358">[353]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russian_response">Russian response</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin">Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">2022 Moscow rally</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%282%29.jpg/165px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%282%29.jpg/248px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%282%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>At least 30,000 people at 15 March protests, named <a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_anti-war_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Russian anti-war protests">March of Peace</a>, which took place in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> a day before the Crimean referendum.</figcaption></figure> In a poll published on 24 February 2014 by the state-owned <a href="/wiki/Russian_Public_Opinion_Research_Center" title="Russian Public Opinion Research Center">Russian Public Opinion Research Center</a>, only 15% of those Russians polled said 'yes' to the question: "Should Russia react to the overthrow of the legally elected authorities in Ukraine?"<a href="#cite_note-359">[354]</a> The <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a> Committee on <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> Affairs, headed by <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Slutsky_(politician)" title="Leonid Slutsky (politician)">Leonid Slutsky</a>, visited Simferopol on 25 February 2014 and said: "If the parliament of the Crimean autonomy or its residents express the wish to join the Russian Federation, Russia will be prepared to consider this sort of application. We will be examining the situation and doing so fast".<a href="#cite_note-Rothkopf-360">[355]</a> They also stated that in the event of a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> for the Crimea region joining the Russian Federation, they would consider its results "very fast".<a href="#cite_note-gordonua.com-361">[356]</a> Later Slutsky announced that he was misunderstood by the Crimean press, and no decision regarding simplifying the process of acquiring Russian citizenship for people in Crimea had been made yet.<a href="#cite_note-aif.ru-362">[357]</a> He also added that if "fellow Russian citizens are in jeopardy, you understand that we do not stay away".<a href="#cite_note-363">[358]</a> On 25 February, in a meeting with Crimean politicians, he stated that Viktor Yanukovych was still the legitimate president of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-364">[359]</a> That same day, the Russian Duma announced it was determining measures so that Russians in Ukraine who "did not want to break from the Russian World" could acquire Russian citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-Интерфакс_Interfax-365">[360]</a> On 26 February, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> ordered the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> to be "put on alert in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Military_District" title="Western Military District">Western Military District</a> as well as units stationed with the 2nd Army <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_District" title="Central Military District">Central Military District</a> Command involved in aerospace defence, airborne troops and long-range military transport". Despite media speculation that this was in reaction to the events in Ukraine, Russian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defense (Russia)">Defence Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a> said it was for reasons separate from the unrest in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-Alpert-366">[361]</a> On 27 February 2014, the Russian government dismissed accusations that it was in violation of the basic agreements regarding the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a>: "All movements of armored vehicles are undertaken in full compliance with the basic agreements and did not require any approvals".<a href="#cite_note-367">[362]</a> On 27 February, the Russian governing agencies presented the new law project on granting citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-368">[363]</a> The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs called on the West and particularly <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> to "abandon the provocative statements and respect the neutral status of Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-mid_accusations-369">[364]</a> In its statement, the ministry claims that the <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_settlement_of_political_crisis_in_Ukraine" title="Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine">agreement on settlement of the crisis</a>, which was signed on 21 February and was witnessed by foreign ministries from Germany, Poland and France had to this date, not been implemented<a href="#cite_note-mid_accusations-369">[364]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lukin" title="Vladimir Lukin">Vladimir Lukin</a> from Russia had not signed it<a href="#cite_note-CTV_News-370">[365]</a>). On 28 February, according to <a href="/wiki/ITAR-TASS" class="mw-redirect" title="ITAR-TASS">ITAR-TASS</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ministry of Transport">Russian Ministry of Transport</a> discontinued further talks with Ukraine in regards to the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a> project.<a href="#cite_note-371">[366]</a> However, on 3 March <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a>, signed a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Order of the Government of Russia">decree</a> creating a subsidiary of Russian Highways (<a href="/wiki/Avtodor" class="mw-redirect" title="Avtodor">Avtodor</a>) to build a bridge at an unspecified location along the Kerch Strait.<a href="#cite_note-372">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-TV_Rain-373">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[369]</a> On Russian social networks, there was a movement to gather volunteers who served in the Russian army to go to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-375">[370]</a> Many political researchers consider that after the annexation a social period in Russia coined as "<a href="/wiki/Crimean_consensus" title="Crimean consensus">Crimean consensus</a>" begun, during which the "<a href="/wiki/Rally_%27round_the_flag_effect" title="Rally 'round the flag effect">Rally 'round the flag</a>" effect was observed in the population.<a href="#cite_note-376">[371]</a> On 28 February, President Putin stated in telephone calls with key EU leaders that it was of "extreme importance of not allowing a further escalation of violence and the necessity of a rapid normalisation of the situation in Ukraine".<a href="#cite_note-CrimeaRussiaOccupation-377">[372]</a> Already on 19 February the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs had referred to the Euromaidan revolution as the "<a href="/wiki/Brown_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown revolution">Brown revolution</a>".<a href="#cite_note-378">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[374]</a> In Moscow, on 2 March, an estimated 27,000 rallied in support of the Russian government's decision to intervene in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-csmmoscow-380">[375]</a> The rallies received considerable attention on Russian state TV and were officially approved by the government.<a href="#cite_note-csmmoscow-380">[375]</a> Meanwhile, on 1 March, five people who were picketing next to the Federation Council building against the invasion of Ukraine were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-381">[376]</a> The next day about 200 people protested at the building of the Russian Ministry of Defence in Moscow against Russian military involvement.<a href="#cite_note-Utro-382">[377]</a> About 500 people also gathered to protest on the <a href="/wiki/Manezhnaya_Square,_Moscow" title="Manezhnaya Square, Moscow">Manezhnaya Square</a> in Moscow, and the same number of people on the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Isaac%27s_Square" title="Saint Isaac's Square">Saint Isaac's Square</a> in Saint Petersburg.<a href="#cite_note-investigator.org.ua-383">[378]</a> On 2 March, about eleven protesters demonstrated in <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a> against Russian involvement, with some wrapped in the Ukrainian flag.<a href="#cite_note-kp.ru-384">[379]</a> Protests were also held in <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk" title="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</a> on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-ura.ru-385">[380]</a> Opposition to the military intervention was also expressed by rock musician <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Makarevich" title="Andrey Makarevich">Andrey Makarevich</a>, who wrote in particular: "You want war with Ukraine? It will not be the way <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Georgian war">it was with Abkhazia</a>: the folks on the Maidan have been hardened and know what they are fighting for – for their country, their independence. ... We have to live with them. Still neighborly. And preferably in friendship. But it's up to them how they want to live".<a href="#cite_note-novayagazeta.ru-386">[381]</a> The Professor of the Department of Philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_Institute_of_International_Relations" title="Moscow State Institute of International Relations">Moscow State Institute of International Relations</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Zubov" title="Andrey Zubov">Andrey Zubov</a> was fired for his article in <a href="/wiki/Vedomosti" title="Vedomosti">Vedomosti</a>, criticising Russian military intervention.<a href="#cite_note-Bershidsky-387">[382]</a> On 2 March, one Moscow resident protested against Russian intervention by holding a "Stop the war" banner, but he was immediately harassed by passers-by. Police then proceeded to arrest him. A woman came forward with a fabricated charge against him, of beating up a child; however, her claim, due to lack of a victim and obviously false, was ignored by the police.<a href="#cite_note-opposed-388">[383]</a> Andrei Zubov, a professor at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations, who compared Russian actions in Crimea to the 1938 <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Austria">Annexation of Austria</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, was threatened. Alexander Chuyev, the leader of the pro-Kremlin Spravedlivaya Rossiya party, also objected to Russian intervention in Ukraine. <a href="/wiki/Boris_Akunin" title="Boris Akunin">Boris Akunin</a>, a popular Russian writer, predicted that Russia's moves would lead to political and economic isolation.<a href="#cite_note-opposed-388">[383]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_answered_journalists%E2%80%99_questions_on_the_situation_in_Ukraine_(2014-03-04).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Vladimir_Putin_answered_journalists%E2%80%99_questions_on_the_situation_in_Ukraine_%282014-03-04%29.jpeg/290px-Vladimir_Putin_answered_journalists%E2%80%99_questions_on_the_situation_in_Ukraine_%282014-03-04%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="290" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Vladimir_Putin_answered_journalists%E2%80%99_questions_on_the_situation_in_Ukraine_%282014-03-04%29.jpeg/435px-Vladimir_Putin_answered_journalists%E2%80%99_questions_on_the_situation_in_Ukraine_%282014-03-04%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Vladimir_Putin_answered_journalists%E2%80%99_questions_on_the_situation_in_Ukraine_%282014-03-04%29.jpeg/580px-Vladimir_Putin_answered_journalists%E2%80%99_questions_on_the_situation_in_Ukraine_%282014-03-04%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (seated, middle) speaks to the press on 4 March 2014, denouncing the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a> as an "unconstitutional coup", and insisting that Moscow has a right to protect Russians in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-389">[384]</a></figcaption></figure> President Putin's approval rating among the Russian public increased by nearly 10% since the crisis began, up to 71.6%, the highest in three years, according to a poll conducted by the <a href="/wiki/VTSIOM" class="mw-redirect" title="VTSIOM">All-Russian Center for Public Opinion Research</a>, released on 19 March.<a href="#cite_note-approval-390">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-391">[386]</a> Additionally, the same poll showed that more than 90% of Russians supported unification with the Crimean Republic.<a href="#cite_note-approval-390">[385]</a> According to a 2021 study in the American Political Science Review, "three quarters of those who rallied to Putin after Russia annexed Crimea were engaging in at least some form of dissembling and that this rallying developed as a rapid cascade, with social media joining television in fueling perceptions this was socially desirable".<a href="#cite_note-392">[387]</a> On 4 March, at a press conference in <a href="/wiki/Novo-Ogaryovo" title="Novo-Ogaryovo">Novo-Ogaryovo</a>, President Putin expressed his view on the situation that if a revolution took place in Ukraine, it would be a new country with which Russia had not concluded any treaties.<a href="#cite_note-putin_renounced-393">[388]</a> He offered an analogy with the events of 1917 in Russia, when as a result of the revolution the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> fell apart and a new state was created.<a href="#cite_note-putin_renounced-393">[388]</a> However, he stated Ukraine would still have to honour its debts. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_(2493-24).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-24%29.jpg/290px-Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-24%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-24%29.jpg/435px-Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-24%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-24%29.jpg/580px-Celebrating_Victory_Day_and_the_70th_anniversary_of_Sevastopol%E2%80%99s_liberation_%282493-24%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Around 100,000 people gathered in Crimean Sevastopol at Victory Day parade</figcaption></figure> Russian politicians speculated that there were already 143,000 Ukrainian refugees in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-refugees-394">[389]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)">Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> refuted those claims of refugee increases in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-395">[390]</a> At a briefing on 4 March 2014, the director of the department of information policy of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> of Ukraine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yevhen_Perebiynis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yevhen Perebiynis (page does not exist)">Yevhen Perebiynis</a> said that Russia was misinforming its own citizens as well as the entire international community to justify its own actions in the Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-396">[391]</a> On 5 March, an anchor of the Russian-controlled TV channel <a href="/wiki/RT_America" title="RT America">RT America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abby_Martin_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abby Martin (journalist)">Abby Martin</a>, criticized her employer's biased coverage of the military invervention.<a href="#cite_note-397">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-Piers-398">[393]</a> Also on 5 March 2014, another RT America anchor, <a href="/wiki/Liz_Wahl" title="Liz Wahl">Liz Wahl</a>, of the network's Washington, DC bureau, resigned on air, explaining that she could not be "part of a network that whitewashes the actions of Putin" and citing her Hungarian ancestry and the memory of the Soviet repression of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Uprising</a> as a factor in her decision.<a href="#cite_note-Kirchick-399">[394]</a> In early March, Igor Andreyev, a 75-year-old survivor of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a>, attended an anti-war rally against the Russian intervention in Crimea and was holding a sign that read "Peace to the World". The riot police arrested him, and a local pro-government lawyer then accused him of being a supporter of "fascism". The retiree, who lived on a 6,500-ruble monthly pension, was fined 10,000 rubles.<a href="#cite_note-400">[395]</a> Prominent dissident <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Khodorkovsky" title="Mikhail Khodorkovsky">Mikhail Khodorkovsky</a> said that Crimea should stay within Ukraine with broader autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-Interfax-401">[396]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a>, a republic within Russia populated by <a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a>, has sought to alleviate concerns about the treatment of Tatars by Russia, as Tatarstan is an oil-rich and economically successful republic in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-402">[397]</a> On 5 March, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Tatarstan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Tatarstan">President of Tatarstan</a> <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Minnikhanov" title="Rustam Minnikhanov">Rustam Minnikhanov</a> signed an agreement on co-operation between Tatarstan and the Aksyonov government in Crimea that implied collaboration between ten government institutions as well as significant financial aid to Crimea from Tatarstan businesses.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-402">[397]</a> On 11 March, Minnikhanov was in Crimea on his second visit and attended as a guest in the Crimean parliament chamber during the vote on the declaration of sovereignty pending 16 March referendum.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-402">[397]</a> The Tatarstan's Mufti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamil_Samigullin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamil Samigullin (page does not exist)">Kamil Samigullin</a> invited Crimean Tatars to study in madrasas in Kazan, and declared support for their "brothers in faith and blood".<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-402">[397]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Dzhemilev" title="Mustafa Dzhemilev">Mustafa Dzhemilev</a>, a former leader of the Crimean Tatar Majlis, believed that forces that were suspected to be Russian forces should leave the Crimean Peninsula,<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-402">[397]</a> and asked the UN Security Council to send peacekeepers into the region.<a href="#cite_note-403">[398]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015._%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C_355.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2015._%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C_355.jpg/220px-2015._%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C_355.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2015._%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C_355.jpg/330px-2015._%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C_355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2015._%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C_355.jpg/440px-2015._%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C_355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a>, Crimea, 2015</figcaption></figure> On 15 March, thousands of protesters (estimates varying from 3,000 by official sources up to 50,000 claimed by the opposition) in Moscow marched against Russian involvement in Ukraine, many waving Ukrainian flags.<a href="#cite_note-404">[399]</a> At the same time, a pro-government (and pro-referendum) rally occurred across the street, counting in the thousands as well (officials claiming 27,000 with the opposition claiming about 10,000). In February 2015, the leading independent Russian newspaper <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a> obtained documents,<a href="#cite_note-Novaya_predstavlyaetsya-405">[400]</a> allegedly written by oligarch <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Malofeev" title="Konstantin Malofeev">Konstantin Malofeev</a> and others, which provided the Russian government with a strategy in the event of Viktor Yanukovych's removal from power and the break-up of Ukraine, which were considered likely. The documents outline plans for annexation of Crimea and the eastern portions of the country, closely describing the events that actually followed after Yanukovych's fall. The documents also describe plans for a public relations campaign that would seek to justify Russian actions.<a href="#cite_note-406">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[403]</a> In June 2015 <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kasyanov" title="Mikhail Kasyanov">Mikhail Kasyanov</a> stated that all Russian Duma decisions on Crimea annexation were illegal from the international point of view and the annexation was provoked by false accusations of discrimination of Russian nationals in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-409">[404]</a> As of January 2019, <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Rotenberg" title="Arkady Rotenberg">Arkady Rotenberg</a> through his <a href="/wiki/Stroygazmontazh" title="Stroygazmontazh">Stroygazmontazh LLC</a> and his companies building the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Shamalov" title="Nikolai Shamalov">Nikolai Shamalov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Kovalchuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuri Kovalchuk">Yuri Kovalchuk</a> through their <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Bank" title="Rossiya Bank">Rossiya Bank</a> have become the most important investors in Russia's development of the annexed Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-Insru29012019-410">[405]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_response">International response</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status of Crimea</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Crimea_Platform" title="Crimea Platform">Crimea Platform</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimea_reaction_clean.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Crimea_reaction_clean.svg/220px-Crimea_reaction_clean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Crimea_reaction_clean.svg/330px-Crimea_reaction_clean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Crimea_reaction_clean.svg/440px-Crimea_reaction_clean.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>International reaction to the 2014 Crimean crisis according to official governmental statements.<a href="#cite_note-411">[note 6]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Condemnation of Russian actions as a military intervention or invasion</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Condemnation of Russian actions</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Support for Ukrainian territorial integrity</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Statements only voicing concern or hope for peaceful resolution to the conflict</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Recognition of Russian interests</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Support for Russian actions and/or condemnation of the Ukrainian interim government</div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Ukraine</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Russia</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  No official statements / No data available</div></figcaption></figure> There has been a range of international reactions to the annexation. In March 2014, the UN General Assembly passed a non-binding resolution 100 in favour, 11 against and 58 abstentions in the 193-nation assembly that declared Crimea's Moscow-backed referendum invalid.<a href="#cite_note-CHARBONNEAU_AND_DONATH-412">[406]</a> In a move supported by the Lithuanian president,<a href="#cite_note-CNBC-413">[407]</a> the United States government imposed sanctions against persons they deem to have violated or assisted in the violation of Ukraine's sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-EO13660-414">[408]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> suspended talks with Russia on economic and visa-related matters, and is considering more stringent sanctions against Russia in the near future, including asset freezes.<a href="#cite_note-EUsanctions-415">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-mainichi.jp-416">[410]</a> while Japan announced sanctions which include suspension of talks relating to military, space, investment, and visa requirements.<a href="#cite_note-417">[411]</a> The United Kingdom qualified the referendum vote in Crimea of being "farcical", "illegal" and "illegitimate".<a href="#cite_note-418">[412]</a> Ukraine and other countries claim that Russia has signed a number of treaties guaranteeing Ukrainian territorial integrity. These include the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Belavezha_Accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Belavezha Accords">Belavezha Accords</a> that established the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a>, the 1975 <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a>, the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances">Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[413]</a> and the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">Treaty on friendship, cooperation and partnership between the Russian Federation and Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UkraineStatement-175">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-NATOStatement-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[414]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> decided on 11 March 2014 to enter into a full free-trade agreement with Ukraine within the year.<a href="#cite_note-421">[415]</a> On 12 March, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> rejected the upcoming referendum on independence in Crimea, which they saw as manipulated and contrary to international and Ukrainian law.<a href="#cite_note-422">[416]</a> The <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> bloc of developed nations (the <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a> minus Russia) made a joint statement condemning Russia and announced that they would suspend preparations for <a href="/wiki/40th_G8_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="40th G8 summit">the planned G8 summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a> in June.<a href="#cite_note-423">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[418]</a> NATO condemned Russia's military escalation in Crimea and stated that it was a breach of international law<a href="#cite_note-425">[419]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> expressed its full support for the territorial integrity and national unity of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-426">[420]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a> has issued a joint statement urging Russia to respect Ukraine's territorial integrity and for Ukraine to take into account its minority groups to not further break fragile relations. It has urged for Russia to respect Ukrainian and international law and in line with the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/1994_Budapest_Memorandum" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 Budapest Memorandum">1994 Budapest Memorandum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Visegrad-427">[421]</a> China said "We respect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine". A spokesman restated China's belief of non-interference in the internal affairs of other nations and urged dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-ibtbacchi1-428">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-ibtbacchi2-429">[423]</a> The Indian government called for a peaceful resolution of the situation.<a href="#cite_note-430">[424]</a> Both <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> openly support Russian military action. Syrian president <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> said that he supports Putin's efforts to "restore security and stability in the friendly country of Ukraine", while Venezuelan President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> condemned Ukraine's "ultra-nationalist" coup.<a href="#cite_note-431">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFGATE-432">[426]</a> Sri Lanka described Yanukovych's removal as unconstitutional and considered Russia's concerns in Crimea as justified.<a href="#cite_note-433">[427]</a> Polish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> called for a change in EU energy policy as Germany's dependence on Russian gas poses risks for Europe.<a href="#cite_note-EU_2014-434">[428]</a> On 13 March 2014, German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> warned the Russian government it risks massive damage to Russia, economically and politically, if it refuses to change course on Ukraine,<a href="#cite_note-GuardianRussiaMerkel-435">[429]</a> though close economic links between Germany and Russia significantly reduce the scope for any sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-436">[430]</a> After Russia moved to formally incorporate Crimea, some worried whether it may do the same in other regions.<a href="#cite_note-Transdniester-437">[431]</a> US deputy national security advisor <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blinken" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a> said that the Russian troops massed on the eastern Ukrainian border may be preparing to enter the country's eastern regions. Russian officials stated that Russian troops would not enter other areas.<a href="#cite_note-Transdniester-437">[431]</a> US Air Force Gen. <a href="/wiki/Philip_M._Breedlove" title="Philip M. Breedlove">Philip M. Breedlove</a>, NATO's supreme allied commander in Europe, warned that the same troops were in a position to take over the separatist Russian-speaking <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldovan</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Transdniester-437">[431]</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Moldova" title="President of Moldova">President of Moldova</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Timofti" title="Nicolae Timofti">Nicolae Timofti</a> warned Russia with not attempting to do this to avoid damaging its international status further.<a href="#cite_note-438">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-439">[433]</a> On 9 April, the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> deprived Russia of voting rights.<a href="#cite_note-440">[434]</a> On 14 August, while visiting Crimea, Vladimir Putin ruled out pushing beyond Crimea. He undertook to do everything he could to end the conflict in Ukraine, saying Russia needed to build calmly and with dignity, not by confrontation and war which isolated it from the rest of the world.<a href="#cite_note-PutinConciliatory-441">[435]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations_resolutions">United Nations resolutions</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_UN_Security_Council_vote_to_condemn_Crimean_referendum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2014_UN_Security_Council_vote_to_condemn_Crimean_referendum.png/300px-2014_UN_Security_Council_vote_to_condemn_Crimean_referendum.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2014_UN_Security_Council_vote_to_condemn_Crimean_referendum.png/450px-2014_UN_Security_Council_vote_to_condemn_Crimean_referendum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2014_UN_Security_Council_vote_to_condemn_Crimean_referendum.png/600px-2014_UN_Security_Council_vote_to_condemn_Crimean_referendum.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> vote on a draft resolution condemning the 2014 Crimean referendum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Voted in favour of the resolution</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Abstained</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Vetoed the resolution</div></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Resolution_regarding_the_territorial_integrity_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/UN_Resolution_regarding_the_territorial_integrity_of_Ukraine.svg/300px-UN_Resolution_regarding_the_territorial_integrity_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/UN_Resolution_regarding_the_territorial_integrity_of_Ukraine.svg/450px-UN_Resolution_regarding_the_territorial_integrity_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/UN_Resolution_regarding_the_territorial_integrity_of_Ukraine.svg/600px-UN_Resolution_regarding_the_territorial_integrity_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">UN General Assembly vote on the resolution condemning the 2014 Crimean referendum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  In favour of considering the referendum illegal</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Abstained</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Absent when the vote took place</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Against adopting the resolution</div></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions</a>.</div> On 15 March 2014, a US-sponsored resolution that went to a vote in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> to reaffirm that council's commitment to Ukraine's "sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity" was not approved. Though a total of 13 council members voted in favour of the resolution and China abstained, Russia vetoed the resolution.<a href="#cite_note-442">[436]</a> On 27 March 2014, the UN General Assembly approved a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">resolution</a> describing the <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Crimean referendum">referendum</a> leading to annexation of Crimea by Russia as illegal.<a href="#cite_note-443">[437]</a> The draft resolution, which was titled "Territorial integrity of Ukraine", was co-sponsored by Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and the US. It affirmed the council's commitment to the "sovereignty, political independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders". The resolution tried to underscore that 16 March referendum held in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol has no validity and cannot form the basis for any alteration of the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea or of the city of Sevastopol. The resolution got 100 votes in its favour, while 11 nations voted against and 58 countries abstained from the vote. The resolution was non-binding and the vote was largely symbolic.<a href="#cite_note-444">[438]</a> Since 2014, the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> has voted several times, most recently in December 2019,<a href="#cite_note-un2019-445">[439]</a> to affirm Ukraine's territorial integrity, condemn the 'temporary occupation' of Crimea, and reaffirm nonrecognition of its annexation.<a href="#cite_note-un2019-445">[439]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_recognition">International recognition</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> have recognised the result of the <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 referendum in Crimea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-446">[440]</a> Four <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">non-UN member states</a> recognised the results of the referendum: <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>. The Transnistrian foreign minister, Nina Shtanski, recognized Crimea's annexation by Russia.<a href="#cite_note-447">[441]</a> <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> sent a request on 18 March 2014 <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria" title="Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria">to join the Russian Federation</a> following the Crimean example and in compliance with the Admission Law provisions.<a href="#cite_note-448">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-450">[444]</a> The regional councils of Italy's northern regions <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> adopted a non-binding resolution on recognizing Crimea as part of Russia, but they revoked it in 2022 after <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia invaded Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-451">[445]</a><a href="#cite_note-452">[446]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanctions">Sanctions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis">International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_individuals_sanctioned_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of individuals sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis">List of individuals sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukrainian_checkpoint_for_the_de_facto_border_between_Kherson_and_Russian-occupied_Crimea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ukrainian_checkpoint_for_the_de_facto_border_between_Kherson_and_Russian-occupied_Crimea.jpg/220px-Ukrainian_checkpoint_for_the_de_facto_border_between_Kherson_and_Russian-occupied_Crimea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ukrainian_checkpoint_for_the_de_facto_border_between_Kherson_and_Russian-occupied_Crimea.jpg/330px-Ukrainian_checkpoint_for_the_de_facto_border_between_Kherson_and_Russian-occupied_Crimea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ukrainian_checkpoint_for_the_de_facto_border_between_Kherson_and_Russian-occupied_Crimea.jpg/440px-Ukrainian_checkpoint_for_the_de_facto_border_between_Kherson_and_Russian-occupied_Crimea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian checkpoint at <a href="/wiki/Kalanchak" title="Kalanchak">Kalanchak</a>, entering Kherson Oblast from Russian-occupied Crimea.</figcaption></figure> Sanctions were imposed to prevent officials and politicians from travelling to Canada, the United States, or the European Union. They were the most wide-ranging applied to Russia since the fall of the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-Katakey-453">[447]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanctions-454">[448]</a> Japan announced milder sanctions than the US and EU. These include suspension of talks relating to military, space, investment, and visa requirements.<a href="#cite_note-455">[449]</a> In response to the sanctions introduced by the US and EU, the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">Russian Duma</a> unanimously passed a resolution asking for all members of the Duma to be included on the sanctions list.<a href="#cite_note-456">[450]</a> Head of the <a href="/wiki/A_Just_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="A Just Russia">Just Russia</a> party <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Mironov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Mironov">Sergei Mironov</a> said he was proud of being included on the sanctions list: "It is with pride that I have found myself on the black list, this means they have noticed my stance on Crimea".<a href="#cite_note-457">[451]</a> Russian companies started pulling billions of dollars out of Western banks to avoid having their asset frozen.<a href="#cite_note-FT_freeze-458">[452]</a> Three days after the lists were published, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Ministry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Ministry of Russia">Russian Foreign Ministry</a> published a reciprocal sanctions list of US citizens, which consisted of 10 names, including <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">John Boehner</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, and two advisers to President Obama. The ministry said in a statement: "We have repeatedly warned that sanctions are a double-edged instrument and would hit the United States like a boomerang".<a href="#cite_note-CNBC-413">[407]</a> Several of those sanctioned responded with pride at their inclusion on the list, including <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">John Boehner</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-459">[453]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-459">[453]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Menendez" title="Bob Menendez">Bob Menendez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-460">[454]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Coats" title="Dan Coats">Dan Coats</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-459">[453]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">Mary Landrieu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-461">[455]</a> On 24 March, Russia imposed retaliatory sanctions on 13 Canadian officials including members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-chaseglobeandmail-462">[456]</a> banning them from entering Russia. Foreign Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">John Baird</a>, said the sanctions were "a badge of honour".<a href="#cite_note-463">[457]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Cotler" title="Irwin Cotler">Irwin Cotler</a> also said that he considered the sanctions a badge of honour, not a mark of exclusion.<a href="#cite_note-chaseglobeandmail-462">[456]</a> "The good news is that so far, Russia has shown no inclination to use the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Distribution_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Distribution Network">Northern Distribution Network</a> as leverage in the wake of US retaliation for its troop movements in Crimea".<a href="#cite_note-464">[458]</a> Expanded Western sanctions in mid-March coursed through financial markets, hitting the business interests of some of Russia's richest people.<a href="#cite_note-FT_share_prices-465">[459]</a> The Americans centred on the heart of Moscow's leadership,<a href="#cite_note-466">[460]</a> though the EU's initial list shied from targeting Putin's inner circle.<a href="#cite_note-467">[461]</a> As ratings agencies <a href="/wiki/Fitch_Ratings" title="Fitch Ratings">Fitch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> downgraded Russia's credit outlook,<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_downgrade-468">[462]</a> Russian banks warned of a sanctions-induced recession,<a href="#cite_note-469">[463]</a> the country braced for capital outflows for the first three months of 2014 to reach $70 billion,<a href="#cite_note-470">[464]</a> more than the entirety of outflows for 2013,<a href="#cite_note-471">[465]</a> and Russian government-bond issues plummeted by three-quarters compared with the same period the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-472">[466]</a> Novatek, Russia's second-largest gas producer, saw $2.5bn in market value wiped out when its shares sank by nearly 10%, rendering Putin's close friend <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Timchenko" title="Gennady Timchenko">Gennady Timchenko</a>, who has a 23% stake in the company, $575m poorer.<a href="#cite_note-FT_share_prices-465">[459]</a> "I do hope that there is some serious diplomatic activity going on behind the scenes," said one Russian banker,<a href="#cite_note-473">[467]</a> though others were more sanguine on the question of whether the sanctions would have any enduring effect,<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_downgrade-468">[462]</a><a href="#cite_note-474">[468]</a><a href="#cite_note-475">[469]</a> and Russians, top and bottom, seemed defiant.<a href="#cite_note-476">[470]</a> The official Russian response was mixed.<a href="#cite_note-477">[471]</a> The then Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ulyukaev" title="Alexey Ulyukaev">Alexey Ulyukaev</a> said that introduction of sectoral sanctions will lead to a serious decline of the Russian economy: economic growth of Russia will become seriously negative, the growth of volumes of investment will be even more negative, inflation will rise, and government revenues and reserves will go down.<a href="#cite_note-478">[472]</a> As well as differences between the United States and Europe as a whole as to how to respond to the Russian-backed incursion, those same differences have played out among Eastern European countries.<a href="#cite_note-479">[473]</a> A number of Russian citizens reported that they have been denied European visas after they visited Crimea after annexation.<a href="#cite_note-480">[474]</a> A Russian consumer protection watchdog OZPP published a warning for Russian tourists about this risk, explaining that from the international law point of view, Crimea is an occupied territory, after which <a href="/wiki/Roskomnadzor" title="Roskomnadzor">Roskomnadzor</a> blocked the OZPP website "for threatening territorial integrity of Russian Federation".<a href="#cite_note-481">[475]</a> In response to having its voting rights revoked, Russia in June 2017 suspended its budget payments to the Council of Europe, with Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov stating payments would not resume until all rights of Russia's delegation were fully restored.<a href="#cite_note-482">[476]</a> Council Secretary General Thorbjørn Jagland has suggested lifting the sanctions to avoid the impact of mounting budgetary restraints. However, Council members such as Ukraine and its supporters have argued that readmitting Russia without demanding concessions in return would amount to "caving to Russian 'blackmail'".<a href="#cite_note-483">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-484">[478]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mapping">Mapping</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cartographic_aggression" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartographic aggression">Cartographic aggression</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Russia._Crimean_Federal_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Map_of_Russia._Crimean_Federal_District.svg/220px-Map_of_Russia._Crimean_Federal_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Map_of_Russia._Crimean_Federal_District.svg/330px-Map_of_Russia._Crimean_Federal_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Map_of_Russia._Crimean_Federal_District.svg/440px-Map_of_Russia._Crimean_Federal_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Location of the <a href="/wiki/Crimea_Federal_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimea Federal District">Crimea Federal District</a> within Russia in 2014.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> maps Crimea as belonging to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-485">[479]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> stated that their policy is "to portray current reality" and "Crimea, if it is formally annexed by Russia, would be shaded gray", but also further remarked that this step does not suggest recognising the legitimacy of such.<a href="#cite_note-486">[480]</a> As of April 2014, Crimea was still displayed as part of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-hitechmaps-487">[481]</a></li> <li>As of April 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> displays Crimea as a disputed territory to most viewers.<a href="#cite_note-hitechmaps-487">[481]</a> For the Russian and Ukrainian versions of the website, Crimea is marked as belonging to the corresponding country (Russia or Ukraine respectively).<a href="#cite_note-hitechmaps-487">[481]</a> Google stated that it "work(s) with sources to get the best interpretation of the border or claim lines".<a href="#cite_note-488">[482]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a> displays Crimea as part of Russia for .ru and .com domains since the end of March 2014.<a href="#cite_note-489">[483]</a> According to the official statement, the company works with users from different countries and "displays reality that surrounds them".<a href="#cite_note-490">[484]</a></li> <li>As of March 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bing_Maps" title="Bing Maps">Bing Maps</a>,<a href="#cite_note-491">[485]</a> <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Here_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Here (company)">HERE</a> displayed Crimea as belonging to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-hitechmaps-487">[481]</a> In particular, OpenStreetMap requested its users to refrain from editing borders and administrative relations of subdivisions located in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol until 31 May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-hitechmaps-487">[481]</a> On 5 June 2014, OpenStreetMap switched to a territorial dispute option, displaying Crimea as a disputed territory belonging to both countries.<a href="#cite_note-492">[486]</a></li> <li>In 2015, on the <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a> website, a Russian-language map was visible for a few days that depicted Crimea as a part of Russia.<a href="#cite_note-493">[487]</a></li> <li>The 2016 edition of a French atlas published by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Larousse" title="Éditions Larousse">Larousse</a> shows Crimea as part of Russian territory: <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Shamshur" title="Oleh Shamshur">Oleh Shamshur</a>, Ukrainian Ambassador to France, expressed shock.<a href="#cite_note-494">[488]</a> Shortly after, Larousse changed the map to reflect Crimea as part of Ukraine on the Atlas on their internet version.<a href="#cite_note-495">[489]</a><a href="#cite_note-496">[490]</a></li> <li>The Italian-language <a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">magazine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitics</a> <a href="/wiki/Limes_(magazine)" title="Limes (magazine)">Limes</a> maps Crimea as a part of Russia since December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-497">[491]</a> Following protests from the Ukrainian embassy in Italy, the magazine editor Lucio Caracciolo wrote that "the map reflects reality. When Crimea and Sevastopol will be back under effective Ukrainian sovereignty, we will produce a map that reflects such reality".<a href="#cite_note-498">[492]</a></li> <li>The Russian version of Apple's <a href="/wiki/App_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store">App Store</a> began to show Crimea as part of Russia on 27 November 2019.<a href="#cite_note-499">[493]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2></div> Researchers consider the subsequent annexation of Crimea to be a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup</a>, because the Russian military seized Crimea's parliament and government buildings and instigated the replacement of its government with Russian proxies.<a href="#cite_note-26436575Putin2-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-idUSBREA4M05420140524-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-PopovaEntangled-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-WilsonCrisis-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-MaidanWar-102">[101]</a> In particular, political scientist Olga Burlyuk defines Crimea events as "a coup d’état of a regional scale".<a href="#cite_note-500">[494]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_by_the_Russian_Empire" title="Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire">Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire</a> (1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria" title="Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria">Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories" title="Russian-occupied territories">Russian-occupied territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_territories_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied territories of Georgia">Occupied territories of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Occupied territories of Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied territories of Ukraine">Occupied territories of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> There are "some contradictions and inherent problems" regarding the date on which the Russian operation began.<a href="#cite_note-Disunited-1">[1]</a> The Ukrainian Government maintains, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> agrees, that Russia controlled Crimea from 27 February 2014,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> when unmarked Russian special forces took control of its political institutions.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The Russian Government later made 27 February "Special Operations Forces Day".<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian parliament">Ukrainian parliament</a> officially designated 20 February 2014 as "the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Temporarily_occupied_and_uncontrolled_territories_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporarily occupied and uncontrolled territories of Ukraine">temporary occupation of Crimea and Sevastopol by Russia</a>",<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> citing the date inscribed on the Russian <a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Return_of_Crimea%22" title="Medal "For the Return of Crimea"">medal "For the Return of Crimea"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In 2018, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov claimed that the earlier "start date" on the medal was due to a "technical misunderstanding".<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> President Putin stated in a <a href="/wiki/Crimea._The_Way_Home" title="Crimea. The Way Home">film about the annexation</a> that he ordered the operation to "restore" Crimea to Russia following an all-night emergency meeting on 22–23 February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Disunited-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-9">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> It also noted that "certain politicians, local government officials, leaders of civil society organizations, and radically inclined individuals have attempted to create grounds for escalating the civil conflict, and have spread autonomous and separatist attitudes among the people, which could lead to the demise of our as a united nation and loss of its national sovereignty." In addition, the statement said that certain lawmakers of every level have begun separatist negotiations with representatives of foreign nations. "Open consultations are being held on the possible division of the country into separate parts in violation of the Ukrainian constitution," read the statement. "This could lead to an escalation of conflict between different sectors of society, inciting ethnic or religious hatred and military conflict."<a href="#cite_note-kp21live-106">[105]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> The date was given by Putin in Russian film commemorating the annexation of Crimea, however, the inscription on the Medal "For the Return of Crimea", awarded by the Russian Ministry of Defence state put 20 February as the starting date </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> Dilanian (2014) on 3 March, "CIA director John Brennan told a senior lawmaker Monday that a 1997 treaty between Russia and Ukraine allows up to 25,000 Russia troops in the vital Crimea region, so Russia may not consider its recent troop movements to be an invasion, U.S. officials said."<a href="#cite_note-Dilanian-182">[179]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> The treaty between Russia and pro-Russian Aksyonov government of Crimea, signed on that date, specified that Crimea would be considered incorporated into Russia since the date of signing. The document entered into force on 1 April 2014,<a href="#cite_note-trea-230">[226]</a> but pending that was <a href="/wiki/Provisional_application_(treaty)" title="Provisional application (treaty)">applied provisionally</a> since very signing.<a href="#cite_note-trea-230">[226]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> If an official position can be sorted in more than one category, the "strongest" position was marked (from the "call for a peaceful resolution" to "interpretation as a military intervention" consecutively). For the sources see the image description. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Disunited-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Disunited_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Disunited_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2016" class="citation book cs1">McDermott, Roger N. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11853815">"Brothers Disunited: Russia's use of military power in Ukraine"</a>. In Black, J.L.; Johns, Michael (eds.). The Return of the Cold War: Ukraine, the West and Russia. London: Routledge. pp. 99–129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315684567-5">10.4324/9781315684567-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-92409-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-92409-3"><bdi>978-1-138-92409-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/909325250">909325250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brothers+Disunited%3A+Russia%27s+use+of+military+power+in+Ukraine&rft.btitle=The+Return+of+the+Cold+War%3A+Ukraine%2C+the+West+and+Russia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=99-129&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F909325250&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315684567-5&rft.isbn=978-1-138-92409-3&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Roger+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11853815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=002-13090">"Ukraine v. Russia (re Crimea) (decision)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>. January 2021. <q>The Ukrainian Government maintains that the Russian Federation has from 27 February 2014 exercised effective control over the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol ... There was sufficient evidence that during the relevant period the respondent State [Russia] had exercised effective control over Crimea.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine+v.+Russia+%28re+Crimea%29+%28decision%29&rft.pub=European+Court+of+Human+Rights&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%3Fi%3D002-13090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSasse2023" class="citation book cs1">Sasse, Gwendolyn (2023). Russia's War Against Ukraine. Wiley & Sons. p. 2004. <q>Russia's war against Ukraine began with the annexation of Crimea on 27 February 2014. On that day, Russian special forces without any uniform insignia appeared in Crimea, quickly taking control of strategic, military and political institutions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+War+Against+Ukraine&rft.pages=2004&rft.pub=Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Sasse&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeBenedictis2022" class="citation book cs1">DeBenedictis, Kent (2022). Russian 'Hybrid Warfare' and the Annexation of Crimea. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 140. <q>During the night of 26–27 February, Russian special forces without insignia departed Sevastopol ... They arrived at the Crimean Rada and Council of Ministers buildings in Simferopol, disarmed the security and took control of the buildings ... Putin later signed a decree designating 27 February as Special Operations Forces Day in Russia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+%27Hybrid+Warfare%27+and+the+Annexation+of+Crimea&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=DeBenedictis&rft.aufirst=Kent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.segodnya.ua/ua/regions/krym/nyasha-poklonskaya-obeshchaet-boycam-berkuta-nakazat-uchastnikov-maydana-700800.html">"'Няша' Поклонська обіцяє бійцям 'Беркута' покарати учасників Майдану"</a>. www.segodnya.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.segodnya.ua&rft.atitle=%27%D0%9D%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B0%27+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%94+%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BC+%27%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%27+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.segodnya.ua%2Fua%2Fregions%2Fkrym%2Fnyasha-poklonskaya-obeshchaet-boycam-berkuta-nakazat-uchastnikov-maydana-700800.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/PV.7683&Lang=E">"7683rd meeting of the United Nations Security Council. Thursday, 28 April 2016, 3 p.m. New York"</a>. <q>Mr. Prystaiko (Ukraine): I have to remind the Council that the official medal that was produced by the Russian Federation for the so-called return of Crimea has the dates on it, starting with 20 February, which is the day before that agreement was brought to the attention of the Security Council by the representative of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the Russian Federation started – not just planned, but started – the annexation of Crimea the day before we reached the first agreement and while President Yanukovych was still in power.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7683rd+meeting+of+the+United+Nations+Security+Council.+Thursday%2C+28+April+2016%2C+3+p.m.+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fga%2Fsearch%2Fview_doc.asp%3Fsymbol%3DS%2FPV.7683%26Lang%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/politics/2347252-two-headed-orwell.html">"Russia's Orwellian 'diplomacy'"</a>. unian.info. Retrieved 30 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unian.info&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Orwellian+%27diplomacy%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.info%2Fpolitics%2F2347252-two-headed-orwell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-31796226">"Putin reveals secrets of Russia's Crimea takeover plot"</a>. BBC News. 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Putin+reveals+secrets+of+Russia%27s+Crimea+takeover+plot&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-31796226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/09/vladimir-putin-describes-secret-meeting-when-russia-decided-to-seize-crimea">"Vladimir Putin describes secret meeting when Russia decided to seize Crimea"</a>. The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 9 March 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+describes+secret+meeting+when+Russia+decided+to+seize+Crimea&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmar%2F09%2Fvladimir-putin-describes-secret-meeting-when-russia-decided-to-seize-crimea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKofman2017" class="citation book cs1">Kofman, Michael (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine</a> (PDF). Santa Monica: RAND Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-9617-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-9617-3"><bdi>978-0-8330-9617-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/990544142">990544142</a>. <q>By March 26, the annexation was essentially complete, and Russia began returning seized military hardware to Ukraine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+Russia%27s+Operations+in+Crimea+and+Eastern+Ukraine.&rft.place=Santa+Monica&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F990544142&rft.isbn=978-0-8330-9617-3&rft.aulast=Kofman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_reports%2FRR1400%2FRR1498%2FRAND_RR1498.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-galeotti-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-galeotti_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-galeotti_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-galeotti_12-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaleotti2019" class="citation book cs1">Galeotti, Mark (2019). Armies of Russia's War in Ukraine. Elite 228. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 11–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-3344-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-3344-0"><bdi>978-1-4728-3344-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armies+of+Russia%27s+War+in+Ukraine&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Elite+228&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4728-3344-0&rft.aulast=Galeotti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/03/22/7019918/">У Севастополі росіяни пригнали «Тигр» для штурму українців</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110175733/http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/03/22/7019918/">Archived</a> 10 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-MTS25214-14"><a href="#cite_ref-MTS25214_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/02/24/russian-citizen-elected-sevastopol-mayor-amid-pro-moscow-protests-in-crimea-a32401">"Russian Citizen Elected Sevastopol Mayor Amid Pro-Moscow Protests in Crimea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Citizen+Elected+Sevastopol+Mayor+Amid+Pro-Moscow+Protests+in+Crimea&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2014%2F02%2F24%2Frussian-citizen-elected-sevastopol-mayor-amid-pro-moscow-protests-in-crimea-a32401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EN25214-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EN25214_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EN25214_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073813/http://www.euronews.com/2014/02/25/ukraine-leader-turchynov-warns-of-danger-of-separatism/">"Ukraine leader Turchynov warns of 'danger of separatism'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>. 25 February 2014. 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Retrieved 3 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censor.net.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.+%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8.&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensor.net.ua%2Fnews%2F276351%2Fzverski_ubitogo_krymskogo_tatarina_zvali_reshat_ametov_troe_maloletnih_deteyi_osiroteli_foto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svoboda.org/a/27790287.html">ФСБ и крымские "потеряшки"</a> (tr. "FSB and Crimean "losses"") — RFEL, 13 June 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.gp.gov.ua/ua/news.html?_m=publications&_t=rec&id=257989&fp=130">"Гюндуз Мамедов, прокурор АР Крим: 'Під процесуальним керівництвом прокуратури АР Крим розкрито викрадення кримськотатарського активіста Решата Аметова'"</a> [Gunduz Mamedov, Prosecutor of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea: "Under the procedural guidance of the Prosecutor's Office of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the abduction of Crimean Tatar activist Reshat Ametov has been revealed"]. Prosecutor's office of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol city, 10 September 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1400/RR1498/RAND_RR1498.pdf">Lessons from Russia's Operations in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine</a>, page 19, published by <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> in 2017. "Ukraine's government was in transition following the ouster of Yanukovych. As a result, it did not react to the Russian operation when launched. Russia's task was made relatively easy by the confusion and chaos that generally follows an uprising, such as what happened in Kyiv. Moscow capitalized on the tensions and uncertainty in Crimea, as well as on the inexperience of Ukraine's provisional government. Meeting notes of the discussion among Ukrainian leadership reveal a great deal of anxiety, uncertainty, and unwillingness to take action for fear of escalation." </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150621105531/http://www.ukrinform.ua/ukr/news/parlament_ark_robit_use_moglive_dlya_vidtorgnennya_krimu_vid_ukraiini___chubarov_1912708">"Parliament of ARC is doing everything possible to separate Crimea from Ukraine, Chubarov said"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+was+ready+to+put+nuclear+weapons+on+alert+in+Crimea+crisis&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F41873ed2-cb60-11e4-8ad9-00144feab7de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-time1-38"><a href="#cite_ref-time1_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Shuster2014" class="citation news cs1">Simon Shuster (10 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/19097/putin-crimea-russia-ukraine-aksyonov/">"Putin's Man in Crimea Is Ukraine's Worst Nightmare"</a>. Time. 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Retrieved 29 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UaWaExplained.com&rft.atitle=gorbachev-perestroika&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uawarexplained.com%2Fgorbachev-perestroika%2F%3Fversion%3Dsixty-minutes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexanderyakovlev.org/fond/issues-doc/67942"><bdi lang="ru">Декларация Верховного Совета СССР "О признании незаконными и преступными репрессивных актов против народов, подвергшихся насильственному переселению, и обеспечении их прав"</bdi></a> [Declaration of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the recognition of illegal and criminal acts of repression against peoples subjected to forced resettlement, and ensuring their rights"]. www.alexanderyakovlev.org (in Russian). 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.alexanderyakovlev.org&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%22%D0%9E+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E%2C+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%22&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexanderyakovlev.org%2Ffond%2Fissues-doc%2F67942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> "The Crimean Tatars began repatriating on a massive scale beginning in the late 1980s and continuing into the early 1990s. 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Washington Quarterly. 39 (2): 79–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0163660X.2016.1204398">10.1080/0163660X.2016.1204398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Does+Russian+Propaganda+Work%3F&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=79-98&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0163660X.2016.1204398&rft.aulast=Gerber&rft.aufirst=Theodore+P&rft.au=Zavisca%2C+Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomkiw" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Tomkiw, Lydia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=31h&AN=128469796&site=eds-live&scope=site">"For Ukraine's Wartime Fact-Checkers, the Battle Rages On"</a>. Wilson Quarterly. Winter2018: 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Quarterly&rft.atitle=For+Ukraine%27s+Wartime+Fact-Checkers%2C+the+Battle+Rages+On.&rft.volume=Winter2018&rft.pages=1&rft.aulast=Tomkiw&rft.aufirst=Lydia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3D31h%26AN%3D128469796%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26436575Putin2-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-26436575Putin2_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-26436575Putin2_98-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-26436575">Putin on Ukraine crisis: 'It is an unconstitutional coup'</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (4 March 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-idUSBREA4M05420140524-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-idUSBREA4M05420140524_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-idUSBREA4M05420140524_99-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA4M05420140524">Ukraine defends vote despite unrest, Putin pledges 'respect'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> (24 March 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-PopovaEntangled-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PopovaEntangled_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopovaEntangled_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria_Popova,_Oxana_Shevel2023" class="citation book cs1">Maria Popova, Oxana Shevel (8 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MmTiEAAAQBAJ&dq=Aksyonov+Mohyliov+crimea&pg=PT123">Russia and Ukraine: Entangled Histories, Diverging States</a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-5738-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-5738-7"><bdi>978-1-5095-5738-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+and+Ukraine%3A+Entangled+Histories%2C+Diverging+States&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2023-11-08&rft.isbn=978-1-5095-5738-7&rft.au=Maria+Popova%2C+Oxana+Shevel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMmTiEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DAksyonov%2BMohyliov%2Bcrimea%26pg%3DPT123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WilsonCrisis-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WilsonCrisis_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WilsonCrisis_101-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2014" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Andrew (18 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NMK2BAAAQBAJ&dq=Fast-forward+to+2014,+and+there+was+a+coup+in+Ukraine,+involving+masked+men+with+guns&pg=PA108">Ukraine Crisis: What It Means for the West</a>. Yale University Press. pp. 108, 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21292-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21292-1"><bdi>978-0-300-21292-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine+Crisis%3A+What+It+Means+for+the+West&rft.pages=108%2C+110&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2014-11-18&rft.isbn=978-0-300-21292-1&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNMK2BAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DFast-forward%2Bto%2B2014%2C%2Band%2Bthere%2Bwas%2Ba%2Bcoup%2Bin%2BUkraine%2C%2Binvolving%2Bmasked%2Bmen%2Bwith%2Bguns%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaidanWar-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaidanWar_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaidanWar_102-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMychailo_Wynnyckyj2019" class="citation book cs1">Mychailo Wynnyckyj (30 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9TFVEAAAQBAJ&dq=Republic+of+Crimea+and+supervised+an+illegitimate+and+falsified&pg=PA25">Ukraine's Maidan, Russia's War</a>. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8382-1327-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8382-1327-9"><bdi>978-3-8382-1327-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%27s+Maidan%2C+Russia%27s+War&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=BoD+%E2%80%93+Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft.isbn=978-3-8382-1327-9&rft.au=Mychailo+Wynnyckyj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9TFVEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DRepublic%2Bof%2BCrimea%2Band%2Bsupervised%2Ban%2Billegitimate%2Band%2Bfalsified%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-crimea_1902-103"><a href="#cite_ref-crimea_1902_103-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/19/7014965/">In Yalta was organized Euromaidan, in Sevastopol were demanding to imprison the opposition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128202347/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/19/7014965/">Archived</a> 28 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>19 February 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nv.ua/publications/rokirovki-v-sbu-kto-takie-malikov-ostafiychuk-i-frolov-55722.html"><bdi lang="ru">Рокировки в СБУ. Кто такие Маликов, Остафийчук и Фролов</bdi></a> [Castling the SBU. Who are Malikov, Ostafiychuk and Frolov]. Novoe Vremia (in Russian). 25 June 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Novoe+Vremia&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%A3.+%D0%9A%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA+%D0%B8+%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnv.ua%2Fpublications%2Frokirovki-v-sbu-kto-takie-malikov-ostafiychuk-i-frolov-55722.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArelDriscoll2023" class="citation book cs1">Arel, Dominique; Driscoll, Jesse (5 January 2023). Ukraine's Unnamed War: Before The Russian Invasion of 2022. Cambridge University Press. pp. 105–106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781316511497" title="Special:BookSources/9781316511497"><bdi>9781316511497</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%27s+Unnamed+War%3A+Before+The+Russian+Invasion+of+2022&rft.pages=105-106&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft.isbn=9781316511497&rft.aulast=Arel&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft.au=Driscoll%2C+Jesse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kp21live-106"><a href="#cite_ref-kp21live_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221182944/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv/euromaidan-rallies-in-ukraine-feb-21-live-updates-337287.html">"EuroMaidan rallies in Ukraine"</a>. Kyiv Post. 21 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv/euromaidan-rallies-in-ukraine-feb-21-live-updates-337287.html">the original</a> on 21 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=EuroMaidan+rallies+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fkyiv%2Feuromaidan-rallies-in-ukraine-feb-21-live-updates-337287.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/52929.html">"Regions Party gets 80 of 100 seats on Crimean parliament"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a>. 11 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201194141/http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/52929/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Regions+Party+gets+80+of+100+seats+on+Crimean+parliament&rft.date=2010-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F52929.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/191667.html">"Regions of Crimea meeting didn't address separation of Crimea from Ukraine – deputy prime minister of Crimea"</a>. Interfax-Ukraine. 21 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201194141/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/191667.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Regions+of+Crimea+meeting+didn%27t+address+separation+of+Crimea+from+Ukraine+%E2%80%93+deputy+prime+minister+of+Crimea&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F191667.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uawarexplained.com/uk/putin-as-heir-of-yeltsin/?version=sixty-minutes/">"putin-as-heir-of-yeltsin"</a>. UaWarExplained.com. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UaWarExplained.com&rft.atitle=putin-as-heir-of-yeltsin&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uawarexplained.com%2Fuk%2Fputin-as-heir-of-yeltsin%2F%3Fversion%3Dsixty-minutes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/25274524.html"><bdi lang="uk">Прем'єр Криму Могильов заявляє, що виконуватиме нові закони</bdi></a> [Crimean Prime Minister Mogilev says it will comply with new laws] (in Ukrainian). Radio Svoboda. 23 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201194141/http://www.radiosvoboda.org/content/article/25274524.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%27%D1%94%D1%80+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%94%2C+%D1%89%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2014-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiosvoboda.org%2Fa%2F25274524.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unian.ua/politics/889804-mitinguvalniki-vstanovili-prapor-rosiji-na-budivli-parlamentu-krimu-foto.html">"Protesters set a flag of Russia on the building of Crimean Parliament"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Protesters+set+a+flag+of+Russia+on+the+building+of+Crimean+Parliament.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.ua%2Fpolitics%2F889804-mitinguvalniki-vstanovili-prapor-rosiji-na-budivli-parlamentu-krimu-foto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201194141/http://www.radiosvoboda.org/content/article/25274499.html"><bdi lang="uk">У Криму вимагають розпуску парламенту автономії і знесення пам'ятника Леніну</bdi></a> [Crimea demands the dissolution of the parliament of autonomy and the demolition of the monument to Lenin] (in Ukrainian). Radio Svoboda. 23 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiosvoboda.org/content/article/25274499.html">the original</a> on 1 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A3+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%97+%D1%96+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83&rft.date=2014-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiosvoboda.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F25274499.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/23/ukraine-crisis-secession-russian-crimea">"Ukraine crisis fuels secession calls in pro-Russian south"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 24 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201194141/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/23/ukraine-crisis-secession-russian-crimea">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis+fuels+secession+calls+in+pro-Russian+south&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fukraine-crisis-secession-russian-crimea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-russiarally-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-russiarally_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-russiarally_116-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogdan_Huzar2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bogdan Huzar (23 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224033624/http://blogi.newsweek.pl/Tekst/swiat/684527%2Crosja-przygotowuje-sie-do-zbrojnej-interwencji-na-ukrainie.html">"Rosja przygotowuje się do zbrojnej interwencji na Ukrainie?"</a> [Russia is preparing for military intervention in Ukraine?]. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek_Polska" title="Newsweek Polska">Newsweek Polska</a> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogi.newsweek.pl/Tekst/swiat/684527,rosja-przygotowuje-sie-do-zbrojnej-interwencji-na-ukrainie.html">the original</a> on 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek+Polska&rft.atitle=Rosja+przygotowuje+si%C4%99+do+zbrojnej+interwencji+na+Ukrainie%3F&rft.date=2014-02-23&rft.au=Bogdan+Huzar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogi.newsweek.pl%2FTekst%2Fswiat%2F684527%2Crosja-przygotowuje-sie-do-zbrojnej-interwencji-na-ukrainie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unian.net/politics/888686-v-kerchi-mitinguyuschie-sorvali-ukrainskiy-flag-i-merii-i-povesili-rossiyskiy.html">"В Керчи митингующие сорвали украинский флаг и мэрии и повесили российский: Новости УНИАН"</a> [In Kerch, protesters tore down the Ukrainian flag and the mayor's office and hung up the Russian one: News from UNIAN]. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%3A+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%90%D0%9D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.net%2Fpolitics%2F888686-v-kerchi-mitinguyuschie-sorvali-ukrainskiy-flag-i-merii-i-povesili-rossiyskiy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/24/7016127/">"У Севастополі вимагають віддати владу вибраному на мітингу меру ; Українська правда"</a> [In Sevastopol demand to hand over power to the "chosen" at the "mayor" rally; Ukrainian Pravda]. Ukrayinska Pravda. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrayinska+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%A3+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83+%3B+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F24%2F7016127%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301065847/http://www.interpretermag.com/ukraine-liveblog-day-7-decoding-documents-indicting-dictators/#2308">"Ukraine Liveblog: Day 7 – Decoding Documents & Indicting Dictators"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interpretermag.com/ukraine-liveblog-day-7-decoding-documents-indicting-dictators/#2308">the original</a> on 1 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Interpreter&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Liveblog%3A+Day+7+%E2%80%93+Decoding+Documents+%26+Indicting+Dictators&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpretermag.com%2Fukraine-liveblog-day-7-decoding-documents-indicting-dictators%2F%232308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.ua/politics/889104-vlada-sevastopolya-viznala-novu-verhovnu-radu.html"><bdi lang="uk">Влада Севастополя визнала нову Верховну Раду</bdi></a> [Sevastopol authorities recognised new Verkhovna Rada]. unian.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 30 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unian.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.ua%2Fpolitics%2F889104-vlada-sevastopolya-viznala-novu-verhovnu-radu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161017182928/http://sevnews.info/rus/view-news/Sevastopolcy-chut-ne-razgromili-administraciyu-no-vse-zhe-dobilis-obeshaniya-peredat-vse-dela-Alekseyu-CHalomu/13540"><bdi lang="ru">Севастопольцы чуть не разгромили администрацию, но все же добились обещания передать все дела Алексею Чалому</bdi></a> [Sevastopolitans nearly destroyed city administration, but got a promise [from local authorities] to hand all affairs over to Chaly]. News of Sevastopol (in Russian). 24 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sevnews.info/rus/view-news/Sevastopolcy-chut-ne-razgromili-administraciyu-no-vse-zhe-dobilis-obeshaniya-peredat-vse-dela-Alekseyu-CHalomu/13540">the original</a> on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+of+Sevastopol&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B+%D1%87%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8E%2C+%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8E+%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsevnews.info%2Frus%2Fview-news%2FSevastopolcy-chut-ne-razgromili-administraciyu-no-vse-zhe-dobilis-obeshaniya-peredat-vse-dela-Alekseyu-CHalomu%2F13540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YavlinskyUkr-122"><a href="#cite_ref-YavlinskyUkr_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Nordberg1998" class="citation book cs1">Mark Nordberg (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tedMMgz3RV8C&pg=PA44">"3. State and Institution Building in Ukraine"</a>. In Taras Kuzio (ed.). Contemporary Ukraine: Dynamics of Post-Soviet Transformation. M.E. Sharpe. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-3150-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-3150-3"><bdi>978-0-7656-3150-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3.+State+and+Institution+Building+in+Ukraine&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Ukraine%3A+Dynamics+of+Post-Soviet+Transformation&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-3150-3&rft.au=Mark+Nordberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtedMMgz3RV8C%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SevastopolInstalls-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SevastopolInstalls_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SevastopolInstalls_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward_Amos2014" class="citation web cs1">Howard Amos (25 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/ukraine-sevastopol-installs-pro-russian-mayor">"Ukraine: Sevastopol installs pro-Russian mayor as separatism fears grow"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukraine%3A+Sevastopol+installs+pro-Russian+mayor+as+separatism+fears+grow&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft.au=Howard+Amos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F25%2Fukraine-sevastopol-installs-pro-russian-mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140303184134/http://www.e-crimea.info/news/ot-parlamenta-kryma-potrebovali-provesti-referendum-ob-otdelenii-ot-ukrainy"><bdi lang="ru">От парламента Крыма потребовали провести референдум об отделении от Украины</bdi></a> [[Pro-Russian demonstrators] demand that Crimean parliament hold referendum on separation from Ukraine]. "e-Crimea" News agency (in Russian). 25 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-crimea.info/news/ot-parlamenta-kryma-potrebovali-provesti-referendum-ob-otdelenii-ot-ukrainy">the original</a> on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%22e-Crimea%22+News+agency&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-crimea.info%2Fnews%2Fot-parlamenta-kryma-potrebovali-provesti-referendum-ob-otdelenii-ot-ukrainy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308063238/http://www.e-crimea.info/news/protivniki-centralnoy-vlasti-prigrozili-zahvatom-parlamenta-kryma"><bdi lang="ru">Противники центральной власти пригрозили захватом парламента Крыма</bdi></a> [Opponents of the central government [of Ukraine] threatened to seize Crimean parliament]. "e-Crimea" News agency (in Russian). 25 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-crimea.info/news/protivniki-centralnoy-vlasti-prigrozili-zahvatom-parlamenta-kryma">the original</a> on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%22e-Crimea%22+News+agency&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-crimea.info%2Fnews%2Fprotivniki-centralnoy-vlasti-prigrozili-zahvatom-parlamenta-kryma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censor.net.ua/photo_news/272784/prorossiyiskie_sily_zablokirovali_vr_kryma_trebuyut_referenduma_o_nezavisimosti_parlament_sobiraetsya"><bdi lang="ru">Пророссийские силы заблокировали ВР Крыма, требуют референдума о независимости: парламент собирается на внеочередное заседание.</bdi></a> [Pro-Russian forces blocked the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea demanding an independence referendum: Parliament to meet in an extraordinary session.] (in Russian). censor.net.ua. 25 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%92%D0%A0+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%2C+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%3A+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.&rft.pub=censor.net.ua&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensor.net.ua%2Fphoto_news%2F272784%2Fprorossiyiskie_sily_zablokirovali_vr_kryma_trebuyut_referenduma_o_nezavisimosti_parlament_sobiraetsya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223120800/http://www.rbc.ru/politics/25/02/2014/907178.shtml"><bdi lang="ru">Активисты Крыма требуют отделения полуострова от Украины</bdi></a> [Activists demand separation of Crimea from Ukraine] (in Russian). rbc.ru. 25 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbc.ru/politics/25/02/2014/907178.shtml">the original</a> on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.pub=rbc.ru&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Fpolitics%2F25%2F02%2F2014%2F907178.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/192882.html">Crimean Tatars, pro-Russia supporters approach Crimean parliament building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (26 February 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/26/7016360/"><bdi lang="uk">У парламенті Криму заявили, що не планують відділятись від України</bdi></a> [Crimean parliament stated they did not plan to separate from Ukraine]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 26 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrayinska+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%A3+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%2C+%D1%89%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F26%2F7016360%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unian.ua/politics/890147-u-vr-krimu-ne-stavlyat-pitannya-pro-vidokremlennya-spiker.html">"Crimean Parliament doesn't raise a question of separation from Ukraine, speaker said"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Crimean+Parliament+doesn%27t+raise+a+question+of+separation+from+Ukraine%2C+speaker+said.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.ua%2Fpolitics%2F890147-u-vr-krimu-ne-stavlyat-pitannya-pro-vidokremlennya-spiker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/26/7016376/"><bdi lang="uk">Татари розійшлися створювати самооборону, щоб захищати Крим</bdi></a> [Tartars dispersed to organise themselves to defend Crimea]. Ukrayinksa Pravda (in Ukrainian). 26 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrayinksa+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%2C+%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F26%2F7016376%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/192985.html">Crimean Tatars leave parliament square; Russian Unity supporters continue rally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (26 February 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/192993.html">Crimean police ordered to prevent clashes at any cost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (26 February 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193029.html">Ukraine asking UN to monitor security situation in Crimea round the clock, says security service chief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (26 February 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-globe26-135"><a href="#cite_ref-globe26_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_MacKinnon2014" class="citation news cs1">Mark MacKinnon (26 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/tension-in-crimea-as-pro-russia-and-pro-ukraine-groups-stage-competing-rallies/article17110382/#dashboard/follows/">"Globe in Ukraine: Russian-backed fighters restrict access to Crimean city"</a>. The Globe and Mail.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Globe+in+Ukraine%3A+Russian-backed+fighters+restrict+access+to+Crimean+city&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft.au=Mark+MacKinnon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Ftension-in-crimea-as-pro-russia-and-pro-ukraine-groups-stage-competing-rallies%2Farticle17110382%2F%23dashboard%2Ffollows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estonianworld.com/security/lessons-identified-crimea-estonias-national-defence-model-meet-needs/">"Lessons identified in Crimea – does Estonia's national defence model meet our needs?"</a>. Estonian World. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2022. <q>about 30–50 Russian special forces members entered and occupied the parliament and government buildings of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lessons+identified+in+Crimea+%E2%80%93+does+Estonia%27s+national+defence+model+meet+our+needs%3F&rft.date=2014-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Festonianworld.com%2Fsecurity%2Flessons-identified-crimea-estonias-national-defence-model-meet-needs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_HigginsSteven_Erlanger2014" class="citation news cs1">Andrew Higgins; Steven Erlanger (27 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/28/world/europe/crimea-ukraine.html">"Gunmen Seize Government Buildings in Crimea"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gunmen+Seize+Government+Buildings+in+Crimea&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft.au=Andrew+Higgins&rft.au=Steven+Erlanger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F02%2F28%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcrimea-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGumuchianSmith-SparkFormanek2014" class="citation web cs1">Gumuchian, Marie-Louise; Smith-Spark, Laura; Formanek, Ingrid (27 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/27/world/europe/ukraine-politics/">"Gunmen seize government buildings in Ukraine's Crimea, raise Russian flag"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunmen+seize+government+buildings+in+Ukraine%27s+Crimea%2C+raise+Russian+flag&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft.aulast=Gumuchian&rft.aufirst=Marie-Louise&rft.au=Smith-Spark%2C+Laura&rft.au=Formanek%2C+Ingrid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F02%2F27%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LentaBerkut-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LentaBerkut_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LentaBerkut_139-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenta.ru/news/2014/02/27/berkut/">"Бывший СССР: Украина: Украинский депутат объявил о бунте крымского "Беркута""</a> [Former USSR: Ukraine: Ukrainian MP announces riot of Crimean "Golden eagle"]. <a href="/wiki/Lenta.ru" title="Lenta.ru">lenta.ru</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lenta.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0%3A+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%3A+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%22%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flenta.ru%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F27%2Fberkut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-interfax27feb-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interfax27feb_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-interfax27feb_140-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193292.html">"Number of Crimean deputies present at referendum resolution vote unclear"</a>. Interfax-Ukraine. Retrieved 28 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.atitle=Number+of+Crimean+deputies+present+at+referendum+resolution+vote+unclear&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F193292.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters13mar-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters13mar_141-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters13mar_141-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters13mar_141-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters13mar_141-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters13mar_141-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Carbonnel2014" class="citation news cs1">De Carbonnel, Alissa (13 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-russia-aksyonov-idINL6N0M93AH20140313">"RPT-INSIGHT-How the separatists delivered Crimea to Moscow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=RPT-INSIGHT-How+the+separatists+delivered+Crimea+to+Moscow&rft.date=2014-03-13&rft.aulast=De+Carbonnel&rft.aufirst=Alissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fukraine-crisis-russia-aksyonov-idINL6N0M93AH20140313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Christian_Science_Monitor-142"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Christian_Science_Monitor_142-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2014/0227/Crimea-sets-date-for-autonomy-vote-amid-gunmen-anti-Kiev-protests-video">Crimea sets date for autonomy vote amid gunmen, anti-Kiev protests</a>, (27 February 2014). </li> <li id="cite_note-Yanu'snewPMC-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Yanu'snewPMC_143-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/84850.html">Crimean parliament to decide on appointment of autonomous republic's premier on Tuesday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Interfax Ukraine">Interfax Ukraine</a> (7 November 2011). </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/27/7016556/">The new prime minister is the leader of Russian Unity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (27 February 2014). </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenta.ru/news/2014/02/27/truepresident/"><bdi lang="ru">Крымские власти объявили о подчинении Януковичу</bdi></a> [Crimean authorities declared submission to Yanukovych]. <a href="/wiki/Lenta.ru" title="Lenta.ru">lenta.ru</a> (in Russian). 28 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lenta.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%83&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flenta.ru%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F27%2Ftruepresident%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCR27214-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUCR27214_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUCR27214_146-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193292.html">Number of Crimean deputies present at referendum resolution vote unclear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (27 February 2014). </li> <li id="cite_note-KP11MA2015-147"><a href="#cite_ref-KP11MA2015_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/putins-narrative-on-crimea-annexation-takes-an-evolutionary-leap-383183.html">"Putin's narrative on Crimea annexation takes an evolutionary leap"</a>. Kyiv Post. 11 March 2015. 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Santa Monica: RAND Corporation. pp. 14–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+Russia%27s+Operations+in+Crimea+and+Eastern+Ukraine&rft.place=Santa+Monica&rft.pages=14-15&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kofman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Migacheva%2C+Katya&rft.au=Nichiporuk%2C+Brian&rft.au=Radin%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Tkacheva%2C+Olesya&rft.au=Oberholtzer%2C+Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_reports%2FRR1400%2FRR1498%2FRAND_RR1498.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthyTran2014" class="citation news cs1">McCarthy, Tom; Tran, Mark (17 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/17/ukraine-diplomats-meet-in-geneva-in-bid-to-ease-crisis-live-coverage">"Ukraine crisis: Obama says Russia has 'hand' in 'disruption and chaos'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 19 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+Obama+says+Russia+has+%27hand%27+in+%27disruption+and+chaos%27&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Tran%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fapr%2F17%2Fukraine-diplomats-meet-in-geneva-in-bid-to-ease-crisis-live-coverage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.ru/russia/362633"><bdi lang="ru">Россия не рассматривает вариант присоединения Крыма к России</bdi></a> [Russia is not considering the option of annexing Crimea to Russia] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Interfax" title="Interfax">Interfax</a>. 4 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.ru%2Frussia%2F362633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.ru/politika/1111359"><bdi lang="ru">Путин: Россия не планировала присоединять Крым</bdi></a> [Putin: Russia did not plan to annex Crimea] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Information_Telegraph_Agency_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Telegraph Agency of Russia">Information Telegraph Agency of Russia</a>. 10 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%3A+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fpolitika%2F1111359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2014/04/140417_putin_phone_line">"Путин: наши военные "встали за спиной" самообороны Крыма"</a> [Putin: our military "stood behind the back" of the self-defense of Crimea]. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Russian" title="BBC News Russian">BBC News Russian</a> (in Russian). 17 April 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Russian&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%3A+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%22%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%22+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Frussian%2Frussia%2F2014%2F04%2F140417_putin_phone_line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.ru/politika/1097051"><bdi lang="ru">Шойгу: действия Минобороны РФ в Крыму были вызваны угрозой жизни мирного населения</bdi></a> [Shoigu: the actions of the Russian Defense Ministry in Crimea were caused by a threat to the lives of civilians] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Information_Telegraph_Agency_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Telegraph Agency of Russia">Information Telegraph Agency of Russia</a>. 4 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%3A+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%A4+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Fpolitika%2F1097051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151126044846/http://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-politics/1626422-russia_redeploys_ships_of_baltic_and_northern_fleets_to_sevastopol_violates_agreement_with_ukraine_317983.html">"Russia redeploys ships of Baltic and Northern fleets to Sevastopol, violates agreement with Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a>. 3 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-politics/1626422-russia_redeploys_ships_of_baltic_and_northern_fleets_to_sevastopol_violates_agreement_with_ukraine_317983.html">the original</a> on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+redeploys+ships+of+Baltic+and+Northern+fleets+to+Sevastopol%2C+violates+agreement+with+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.net%2Frubric-politics%2F1626422-russia_redeploys_ships_of_baltic_and_northern_fleets_to_sevastopol_violates_agreement_with_ukraine_317983.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-blogs.telegraph.co.uk-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blogs.telegraph.co.uk_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blogs.telegraph.co.uk_169-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Crawford2014" class="citation web cs1">Charles Crawford (10 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140310214230/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/charlescrawford/100262865/vladimir-putins-illegal-occupation-of-crimea-is-an-attempt-to-put-europes-borders-up-for-grabs/">"Vladimir Putin's illegal occupation of Crimea is an attempt to put Europe's borders up for grabs"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/charlescrawford/100262865/vladimir-putins-illegal-occupation-of-crimea-is-an-attempt-to-put-europes-borders-up-for-grabs/">the original</a> on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin%27s+illegal+occupation+of+Crimea+is+an+attempt+to+put+Europe%27s+borders+up+for+grabs&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft.au=Charles+Crawford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fcharlescrawford%2F100262865%2Fvladimir-putins-illegal-occupation-of-crimea-is-an-attempt-to-put-europes-borders-up-for-grabs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USStatement-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USStatement_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USStatement_170-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USStatement_170-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014331/http://mfa.gov.ua/en/news-feeds/foreign-offices-news/20572-spilyna-zajava-ukrajini-ta-spoluchenih-shtativ-ameriki">"Joint Statement by the United States and Ukraine"</a>. mfa.gov.ua. 25 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mfa.gov.ua/en/news-feeds/foreign-offices-news/20572-spilyna-zajava-ukrajini-ta-spoluchenih-shtativ-ameriki">the original</a> on 19 April 2014. 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Retrieved 10 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Prague+International&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8E%3A+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D1%81+%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&rft.date=2022-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruski.radio.cz%2Fmyunhenskoe-soglasie-na-anneksiyu-zemlya-chehoslovakii-v-obmen-na-mir-s-gitlerom-8762879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141103193822/http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28SpravkaNew%29?OpenAgent&RN=462741-6&02"><bdi lang="ru">Законопроект № 462741-6 О внесении изменений в Федеральный конституционный закон "О порядке принятия в Российскую Федерацию и образования в ее составе нового субъекта Российской Федерации" (в части расширения предмета правового регулирования названного Федерального конституционного закона)</bdi></a> [Draft Law No. 462741-6 On Amendments to the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Procedure for Admission to the Russian Federation and the Formation of a New Subject of the Russian Federation within it" (in terms of expanding the subject of legal regulation of the named Federal Constitutional Law)]. <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">duma.gov.ru</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28SpravkaNew%29?OpenAgent&RN=462741-6&02">the original</a> on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=duma.gov.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82+%E2%84%96+462741-6+%D0%9E+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%22%D0%9E+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%22+%28%D0%B2+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasozd2.duma.gov.ru%2Fmain.nsf%2F%2528SpravkaNew%2529%3FOpenAgent%26RN%3D462741-6%2602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://khpg.org//en/1395450934">"Venice Commission gives damning verdict on Crimean"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Human_Rights_Protection_Group" title="Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group">Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group</a>. 22 March 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kharkiv+Human+Rights+Protection+Group&rft.atitle=Venice+Commission+gives+damning+verdict+on+Crimean&rft.date=2014-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkhpg.org%2F%2Fen%2F1395450934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-AD(2014)004-e">"CDL-AD(2014)004-e Opinion on "Whether Draft Federal constitutional Law No. 462741-6 on amending the Federal constitutional Law of the Russian Federation on the procedure of admission to the Russian Federation and creation of a new subject within the Russian Federation is compatible with international law" endorsed by the Venice Commission at its 98th Plenary Session (Venice, 21–22 March 2014)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a>. March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CDL-AD%282014%29004-e+Opinion+on+%22Whether+Draft+Federal+constitutional+Law+No.+462741-6+on+amending+the+Federal+constitutional+Law+of+the+Russian+Federation+on+the+procedure+of+admission+to+the+Russian+Federation+and+creation+of+a+new+subject+within+the+Russian+Federation+is+compatible+with+international+law%22+endorsed+by+the+Venice+Commission+at+its+98th+Plenary+Session+%28Venice%2C+21%E2%80%9322+March+2014%29&rft.pub=Venice+Commission&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.venice.coe.int%2Fwebforms%2Fdocuments%2F%3Fpdf%3DCDL-AD%282014%29004-e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-199">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_199-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_199-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoynashCharron2019" class="citation journal cs1">Coynash, Halya; Charron, Austin (2 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15387216.2019.1625279">"Russian-occupied Crimea and the state of exception: repression, persecution, and human rights violations"</a>. Eurasian Geography and Economics. 60 (1): 28–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15387216.2019.1625279">10.1080/15387216.2019.1625279</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1538-7216">1538-7216</a>. <q>... The referendum was a transparent attempt to validate a violent coup of the Crimean government, and was accordingly held under hostile occupation by the military of a foreign state aided by Russian and pro-Russian paramilitary forces. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasian+Geography+and+Economics&rft.atitle=Russian-occupied+Crimea+and+the+state+of+exception%3A+repression%2C+persecution%2C+and+human+rights+violations&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=28-53&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15387216.2019.1625279&rft.issn=1538-7216&rft.aulast=Coynash&rft.aufirst=Halya&rft.au=Charron%2C+Austin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F15387216.2019.1625279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329214951/http://www.rada.crimea.ua/act/11610"><bdi lang="ru">Постановление ВР АРК "Об организации и проведении республиканского (местного) референдума по вопросам усовершенствования статуса и полномочий Автономной Республики Крым"</bdi></a> [Decree of the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea "On organizing and holding a republican (local) referendum on improving the status and powers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea"]. rada.crimea.ua (in Russian). 9 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rada.crimea.ua/act/11610">the original</a> on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rada.crimea.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%92%D0%A0+%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%9A+%22%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%28%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%29+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%22&rft.date=2014-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rada.crimea.ua%2Fact%2F11610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.ru/world/362023"><bdi lang="ru">Аксенов: перенос референдума в Крыму связан с тем, что конфликт вышел за пределы разумного</bdi></a> [Aksyonov: referendum postponement in Crimea is due to the fact that the conflict went beyond reasonable limits] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Interfax" title="Interfax">Interfax</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D1%81+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%2C+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.ru%2Fworld%2F362023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unian.net/politics/892973-sud-priznal-nezakonnyimi-naznachenie-aksenova-premerom-i-provedenie-referenduma-v-kryimu.html">"Суд признал незаконными назначение Аксенова премьером и проведение референдума в Крыму"</a> [The court ruled that Aksenov's appointment as prime minister and the holding of a referendum in Crimea were illegal]. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Retrieved 10 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.net%2Fpolitics%2F892973-sud-priznal-nezakonnyimi-naznachenie-aksenova-premerom-i-provedenie-referenduma-v-kryimu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305090114/http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/content/world-ukraine-crisis-referendum/1869197.html"><bdi lang="ru">Референдум в Крыму: ответ "нет" не предусмотрен</bdi></a> [Referendum in Crimea: the answer "no" is not provided] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbnews.com.ua/ru/news/115865/">the original</a> on 7 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.pub=nbnews.com.ua&rft.date=2014-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnbnews.com.ua%2Fru%2Fnews%2F115865%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glavred.info/ekonomika/krym-nacionaliziroval-chernomorneftegaz-274301.html"><bdi lang="ru">Крым национализировал "Черноморнефтегаз"</bdi></a> [Crimea nationalized "Chernomorneftegaz"] (in Russian). glavred.info. 17 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%22%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%22&rft.pub=glavred.info&rft.date=2014-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglavred.info%2Fekonomika%2Fkrym-nacionaliziroval-chernomorneftegaz-274301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian20140317-221"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian20140317_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/17/ukraine-crimea-russia-referendum-complain-result">"Crimea applies to be part of Russian Federation after vote to leave Ukraine"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=Kremlin.ru&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fpresident%2Fnews%2F20605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> (and a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201403180024">PDF copy</a> of signed document) </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/03/19/constitutional-court-approves-russia-crimea-treaty-a33133">"Constitutional Court Approves Russia-Crimea Treaty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Court+Approves+Russia-Crimea+Treaty&rft.date=2014-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F19%2Fconstitutional-court-approves-russia-crimea-treaty-a33133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPifer2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pifer" title="Steven Pifer">Pifer, Steven</a> (18 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/03/18/five-years-after-crimeas-illegal-annexation-the-issue-is-no-closer-to-resolution/">"Five years after Crimea's illegal annexation, the issue is no closer to resolution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>. Retrieved 19 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brookings+Institution&rft.atitle=Five+years+after+Crimea%27s+illegal+annexation%2C+the+issue+is+no+closer+to+resolution&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft.aulast=Pifer&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fblog%2Forder-from-chaos%2F2019%2F03%2F18%2Ffive-years-after-crimeas-illegal-annexation-the-issue-is-no-closer-to-resolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConrad2014" class="citation web cs1">Conrad, Naomi (1 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/the-deputy-who-voted-against-annexing-crimea/a-17605965">"The deputy who voted against annexing Crimea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. Retrieved 19 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=The+deputy+who+voted+against+annexing+Crimea&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fthe-deputy-who-voted-against-annexing-crimea%2Fa-17605965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140318095051/http://pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?92062"><bdi lang="ru">Распоряжение Президента Российской Федерации от 17 March 2014 No. 63-рп 'О подписании Договора между Российской Федерацией и Республикой Крым о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов'</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?92062">the original</a> on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%82+17+March+2014+No.+63-%D1%80%D0%BF+%27%D0%9E+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%3A8080%2Fpage.aspx%3F92062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26637296">"Ukraine officer 'killed in attack on Crimea base'"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 18 March 2014. <q>Crimean police later said both Ukrainian and pro-Russian forces had been fired on from a single location ... None of the accounts can be independently confirmed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+officer+%27killed+in+attack+on+Crimea+base%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-26637296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/197041.html">"Crimean prosecutors do not confirm info on Simferopol shooter detention"</a>. Interfax-Ukraine. Retrieved 15 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Crimean+prosecutors+do+not+confirm+info+on+Simferopol+shooter+detention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F197041.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland_Oliphant2014" class="citation news cs1">Roland Oliphant (22 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/10716412/Ukraines-unlikeliest-funeral-the-only-two-foes-to-die-in-Russias-Crimea-takeover-are-mourned-together.html">"Ukraine's unlikeliest funeral: the only two foes to die in Russia's Crimea takeover are mourned together"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/10716412/Ukraines-unlikeliest-funeral-the-only-two-foes-to-die-in-Russias-Crimea-takeover-are-mourned-together.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+unlikeliest+funeral%3A+the+only+two+foes+to+die+in+Russia%27s+Crimea+takeover+are+mourned+together&rft.date=2014-03-22&rft.au=Roland+Oliphant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fukraine%2F10716412%2FUkraines-unlikeliest-funeral-the-only-two-foes-to-die-in-Russias-Crimea-takeover-are-mourned-together.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> "Joint Funeral2" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/multimedia/photo/opposing-sides-in-crimean-conflict-come-together-for-simferopol-funeral-of-two-men-killed-one-ukrainian-the-other-russian-340418.html">'Opposing sides in Crimean conflict come together today for Simferopol funeral of two men killed, one Ukrainian, the other Russian'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>, 22 March 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> "Joint Funeral3" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/world/regions/europe/53641-funeral-crimea-first-casualties">'Funeral held for Crimea's first casualties'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>, 22 March 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavrov2015" class="citation book cs1">Lavrov, Anton (2015). "Russian Again: The Military Operation for Crimea". In Pukhov, Ruslan (ed.). Brothers Armed: Military Aspects of the Crisis in Ukraine (Second ed.). Minneapolis: East View Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-879944-65-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-879944-65-7"><bdi>978-1-879944-65-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/921141500">921141500</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Russian+Again%3A+The+Military+Operation+for+Crimea&rft.btitle=Brothers+Armed%3A+Military+Aspects+of+the+Crisis+in+Ukraine&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=East+View+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F921141500&rft.isbn=978-1-879944-65-7&rft.aulast=Lavrov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/24/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/">"Ukraine orders Crimea troop withdrawal as Russia seizes naval base"</a>. CNN. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine+orders+Crimea+troop+withdrawal+as+Russia+seizes+naval+base&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F03%2F24%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326090516/http://un.ua/eng/article/500186.html">"Defense Ministry: 50% Of Ukrainian Troops in Crimea Defect To Russia"</a>. Ukrainian News Agency. 24 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://un.ua/eng/article/500186.html">the original</a> on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defense+Ministry%3A+50%25+Of+Ukrainian+Troops+in+Crimea+Defect+To+Russia&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fun.ua%2Feng%2Farticle%2F500186.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Marcus2014" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan Marcus (24 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26713727">"Ukrainian forces withdraw from Crimea"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 20 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukrainian+forces+withdraw+from+Crimea&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft.au=Jonathan+Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-26713727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140326_RcC-245"><a href="#cite_ref-140326_RcC_245-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/politics/2014/03/140326_russian_control_crimea_dk">Russian troops captured all Ukrainian parts in the Crimea</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Ukrainian">BBC Ukrainian</a> (26 March 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47443&Cr=Ukraine&Cr1=">"United Nations News Centre – Backing Ukraine's territorial integrity, UN Assembly declares Crimea referendum invalid"</a>. United Nations. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+News+Centre+%E2%80%93+Backing+Ukraine%27s+territorial+integrity%2C+UN+Assembly+declares+Crimea+referendum+invalid&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D47443%26Cr%3DUkraine%26Cr1%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharbonneauDonath2014" class="citation news cs1">Charbonneau, Louis; Donath, Mirjam (27 March 2014). Chizu Nomiyama; Tom Brown (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-un-idUSBREA2Q1GA20140327">"U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved 1 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.N.+General+Assembly+declares+Crimea+secession+vote+invalid&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.aulast=Charbonneau&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.au=Donath%2C+Mirjam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-un-idUSBREA2Q1GA20140327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crimean_time_change-248"><a href="#cite_ref-Crimean_time_change_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1tv.ru/news/social/255292">"В 22.00 в Крыму и в Севастополе стрелки часов переведут на два часа вперёд – на московское время"</a> [At 22.00 in the Crimea and in Sevastopol, the clock hands will be moved two hours ahead – to Moscow time]. 29 March 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%92+22.00+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4+%E2%80%93+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F&rft.date=2014-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1tv.ru%2Fnews%2Fsocial%2F255292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time_switch-249"><a href="#cite_ref-Time_switch_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/crimea-to-set-clocks-to-russia-time-114033000014_1.html">"Crimea to set clocks to Russia time"</a>. Business Standard India. 30 March 2014 – via Business Standard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Crimea+to+set+clocks+to+Russia+time&rft.date=2014-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fpti-stories%2Fcrimea-to-set-clocks-to-russia-time-114033000014_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uawarexplained.com/kharkiv-agreements/?version=sixty-minutes/">"kharkiv-agreements"</a>. UaWarExplained.com. 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UaWarExplained.com&rft.atitle=kharkiv-agreements&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uawarexplained.com%2Fkharkiv-agreements%2F%3Fversion%3Dsixty-minutes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/ukraine_russian/2014/03/140331_ru_s_russia_ukraine_agreements">"Россия денонсировала соглашения с Украиной о флоте"</a> [Russia denounced the agreements with Ukraine on the fleet]. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Ukrainian" title="BBC News Ukrainian">BBC News Ukrainian</a> (in Russian). 31 March 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Ukrainian&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE+%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fukrainian%2Fukraine_russian%2F2014%2F03%2F140331_ru_s_russia_ukraine_agreements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(ViewDoc)?OpenAgent&work/dz.nsf/ByID&FB317FAF2E70539D43257CAA0031A71B">Presidential explanatory note to the denunciation bill</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019030057/http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(ViewDoc)?OpenAgent&work%2Fdz.nsf%2FByID&FB317FAF2E70539D43257CAA0031A71B">Archived</a> 19 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Russian) </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukas_I._Alpert,_Alexander_Kolyandr" class="citation web cs1">Lukas I. Alpert, Alexander Kolyandr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/medvedev-visits-crimea-vows-development-aid-2014-03-31">"Medvedev visits Crimea, vows development aid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Market_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Market Watch">Market Watch</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Market+Watch&rft.atitle=Medvedev+visits+Crimea%2C+vows+development+aid&rft.au=Lukas+I.+Alpert%2C+Alexander+Kolyandr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fmedvedev-visits-crimea-vows-development-aid-2014-03-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/264357.html">Crimea switches to Russian telephone codes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (7 May 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikiforov2014" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nikiforov, Vadim (12 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2451537"><bdi lang="ru">Крым и Севастополь ожидают представления свыше</bdi></a> [Crimea and Sevastopol await submission from above]. <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a> (in Russian). Retrieved 23 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kommersant&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B5&rft.date=2014-03-12&rft.aulast=Nikiforov&rft.aufirst=Vadim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F2451537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSputnik2014" class="citation web cs1">Sputnik (11 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.ria.ru/russia/20140411/189159776/Crimean-Parliament-Approves-New-Constitution.html">"Crimean Parliament Approves New Constitution"</a>. ria.ru.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ria.ru&rft.atitle=Crimean+Parliament+Approves+New+Constitution&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft.au=Sputnik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.ria.ru%2Frussia%2F20140411%2F189159776%2FCrimean-Parliament-Approves-New-Constitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNezamyatnyj2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nezamyatnyj, Ivan (11 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mk.ru/politics/russia/article/2014/04/11/1012747-kryim-propisalsya-v-konstitutsii-rossii.html"><bdi lang="ru">Крым прописался в конституции России</bdi></a> [Crimea registered in the Russian constitution] (in Russian). mk.ru.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=mk.ru&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft.aulast=Nezamyatnyj&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mk.ru%2Fpolitics%2Frussia%2Farticle%2F2014%2F04%2F11%2F1012747-kryim-propisalsya-v-konstitutsii-rossii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_D._Grant2015" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas D. 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Kin majorities: identity and citizenship in Crimea and Moldova. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unn.com.ua/ru/news/1318642-mzs-viklikalo-timchasovogo-povirenogo-u-spravakh-rf-v-ukrayini-dlya-vruchennya-noti-protestu">the original</a> on 19 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%94+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%A0%D0%A4+%D0%B2+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.pub=unn.com.ua&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unn.com.ua%2Fru%2Fnews%2F1318642-mzs-viklikalo-timchasovogo-povirenogo-u-spravakh-rf-v-ukrayini-dlya-vruchennya-noti-protestu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1139-18"><bdi lang="uk">Декларація "Про боротьбу за звільнення України"</bdi></a> [Declaration "On the Struggle for the Liberation of Ukraine"] (in Ukrainian). <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F+%22%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%83+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%22&rft.pub=Verkhovna+Rada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzakon4.rada.gov.ua%2Flaws%2Fshow%2F1139-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924132545/https://iportal.rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/Povidomlennya/91559.html"><bdi lang="uk">Верховна Рада України ухвалила Закон "Про забезпечення прав і свобод громадян та правовий режим на тимчасово окупованій території України"</bdi></a> [The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law "On Ensuring the Rights and Freedoms of Citizens and the Legal Regime in the Temporarily Occupied Territory of Ukraine"] (in Ukrainian). <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a>. 15 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iportal.rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/Povidomlennya/91559.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%22%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D1%96+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%22&rft.pub=Verkhovna+Rada&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiportal.rada.gov.ua%2Fnews%2FNovyny%2FPovidomlennya%2F91559.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-apr15-344"><a href="#cite_ref-apr15_344-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/ukraine-parliament-declares-crimea-temporarily-occupied-territory/">"Ukraine Parliament declares Crimea temporarily occupied territory"</a>. news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 15 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=news.biharprabha.com&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Parliament+declares+Crimea+temporarily+occupied+territory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.biharprabha.com%2F2014%2F04%2Fukraine-parliament-declares-crimea-temporarily-occupied-territory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925100215/http://rada.gov.ua/ru/news/Novosty/Soobshchenyya/91573.html"><bdi lang="ru">Верховная Рада Украины приняла Закон "Об обеспечении прав и свобод граждан и правовом режиме на временно оккупированной территории Украины"</bdi></a> [The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law "On Ensuring the Rights and Freedoms of Citizens and the Legal Regime in the Temporarily Occupied Territory of Ukraine"] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a>. 15 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rada.gov.ua/ru/news/Novosty/Soobshchenyya/91573.html">the original</a> on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%22%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%22&rft.pub=Verkhovna+Rada&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frada.gov.ua%2Fru%2Fnews%2FNovosty%2FSoobshchenyya%2F91573.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vz.ru/news/2014/4/15/682175.html"><bdi lang="ru">Рада приняла закон о защите прав граждан "оккупированного Крыма"</bdi></a> [The Rada adopted a law on the protection of the rights of citizens of the "occupied Crimea"]. <a href="/wiki/Vzglyad_(newspaper)" title="Vzglyad (newspaper)">Vzglyad</a> (in Russian). 15 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vzglyad&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD+%22%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%22&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vz.ru%2Fnews%2F2014%2F4%2F15%2F682175.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/1/4/dam-leaves-crimea-population-in-chronic-water-shortage">"Dam leaves Crimea population in chronic water shortage"</a>. Al-Jazeera. 4 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Jazeera&rft.atitle=Dam+leaves+Crimea+population+in+chronic+water+shortage&rft.date=2017-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2017%2F1%2F4%2Fdam-leaves-crimea-population-in-chronic-water-shortage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27155885">"Russia fears Crimea water shortage as supply drops"</a>. BBC News. 25 April 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russia+fears+Crimea+water+shortage+as+supply+drops&rft.date=2014-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27155885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/pray-for-rain-crimea-s-dry-up-a-headache-for-moscow-dilemma-for-kyiv/30515986.html">"Pray For Rain: Crimea's Dry-Up A Headache For Moscow, Dilemma For Kyiv"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Pray+For+Rain%3A+Crimea%27s+Dry-Up+A+Headache+For+Moscow%2C+Dilemma+For+Kyiv&rft.date=2020-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fpray-for-rain-crimea-s-dry-up-a-headache-for-moscow-dilemma-for-kyiv%2F30515986.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnnis2014" class="citation web cs1">Ennis, Stephen (12 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26546083">"Ukraine hits back at Russian TV onslaught"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 20 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine+hits+back+at+Russian+TV+onslaught&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-03-12&rft.aulast=Ennis&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-26546083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЦензор.НЕТ2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Цензор.НЕТ (11 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censor.net/ru/news/280504/nekotorye_kinoteatry_kieva_lvova_i_odessy_obyavili_boyikot_rossiyiskoyi_kinoproduktsii">"Некоторые кинотеатры Киева, Львова и Одессы объявили бойкот российской кинопродукции"</a> [Some cinemas in Kyiv, Lviv and Odesa announced a boycott of Russian film production]. Цензор.НЕТ (in Russian). Retrieved 5 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80.%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C+%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft.au=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80.%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensor.net%2Fru%2Fnews%2F280504%2Fnekotorye_kinoteatry_kieva_lvova_i_odessy_obyavili_boyikot_rossiyiskoyi_kinoproduktsii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/journalists-media-rights-activists-demand-abolishing-of-newly-formed-ministry-of-truth-374003.html">"Journalists, free speech activists demand abolishing of newly-formed 'Ministry of Truth'"</a>. 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BBC News. 8 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+conflict%3A+Crimea+hit+by+shortages&rft.date=2015-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-30713665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151007142812/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/290389.html">Rada names 20 February 2014 as official date of Crimea, Sevastopol occupation by Russia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Interfax Ukraine">Interfax Ukraine</a>. 16 September 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/rada-names-feb-20-2014-as-official-date-of-crimea-sevastopol-occupation-by-russia-397964.html">Rada names 20 Feb. 2014 as official date of Crimea, Sevastopol occupation by Russia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. 15 September 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-politycs/1894498-prezident-viznav-20-lyutogo-ofitsiynoyu-datoyu-okupatsiji-krimu.html">President recognised 20 February as the official date of Crimean occupation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a>. 7 October 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-NMC20416-357"><a href="#cite_ref-NMC20416_357-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/04/20/7106169/">The Cabinet decided to create the Ministry of temporarily occupied territories and internally displaced persons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (20 April 2016) </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/years-after-crimea-s-annexation-integration-ukraine-s-internally-displaced-population">"Years After Crimea's Annexation, Integration of Ukraine's Internally Displaced Population Remains Uneven – Ukraine"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+Russia+mulls+new+land-grab+law&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-26381454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mid_accusations-369">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mid_accusations_369-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mid_accusations_369-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/27/7016548/">"MID of Russia made another statement on Ukraine: militants, NATO, provocations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a>. 27 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ukrayinska+Pravda&rft.atitle=MID+of+Russia+made+another+statement+on+Ukraine%3A+militants%2C+NATO%2C+provocations&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F27%2F7016548%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CTV_News-370"><a href="#cite_ref-CTV_News_370-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201194141/http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/tensions-high-at-kyiv-protest-camp-despite-ground-breaking-deal-1.1697154">"Tensions high at Kiev protest camp despite ground-breaking deal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CTV_News" title="CTV News">CTV News</a>. 21 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/tensions-high-at-kyiv-protest-camp-despite-ground-breaking-deal-1.1697154">the original</a> on 1 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tensions+high+at+Kiev+protest+camp+despite+ground-breaking+deal&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fworld%2Ftensions-high-at-kyiv-protest-camp-despite-ground-breaking-deal-1.1697154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-abroad/1625012-rosiya_pripinila_peregovori_z_ukraiinoyu_za_proektom_kerchenskogo_mostu_1912965.html">"Russia has suspended negotiations with Ukraine on the project of Kerch bridge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a>. 28 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+has+suspended+negotiations+with+Ukraine+on+the+project+of+Kerch+bridge&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.ua%2Frubric-abroad%2F1625012-rosiya_pripinila_peregovori_z_ukraiinoyu_za_proektom_kerchenskogo_mostu_1912965.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/03/03/medvedev-signs-decree-creating-contractor-for-kerch-strait-bridge-project-a32624">"Medvedev Signs Decree Creating Contractor for Kerch Strait Bridge Project"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. 3 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Medvedev+Signs+Decree+Creating+Contractor+for+Kerch+Strait+Bridge+Project&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F03%2Fmedvedev-signs-decree-creating-contractor-for-kerch-strait-bridge-project-a32624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TV_Rain-373"><a href="#cite_ref-TV_Rain_373-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvrain.ru/teleshow/novosti_sajta/medvedev_rasporjadilsja_sozdat_kompaniju_dlja_stroitelstva_mosta_cherez_kerchenskij_proliv-364255/">"Медведев распорядился создать компанию для строительства моста через Керченский пролив"</a> [Medvedev ordered to create a company to build a bridge across the Kerch Strait]. <a href="/wiki/TV_Rain" title="TV Rain">TV Rain</a> (in Russian). 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The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/10666893/Ukraine-crisis-live-President-Barack-Obama-warns-of-costs-for-any-violation-of-Ukraine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. 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Уже есть задержанные (V Moskve i Peterburge prokhodyat mitingi protiv rossiyskoy okkupatsii Kryma. Uzhe yest' zaderzhannyye)"</a> [In Moscow and St. Petersburg rallies against the Russian occupation of the Crimea. Already have detained] (in Russian). Центр журналистских расследований (Tsentr zhurnalistskikh rassledovaniy) [Center for Investigative Journalism]. 2 March 2014. 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Первые антивоенные пикеты прошли на Урале ("Skol'ko detey ty gotov pokhoronit', chtoby Krym stal chast'yu Rossii?" Pervyye antivoyennyye pikety proshli na Urale)"</a> ["How many children are you willing to bury to Crimea became part of Russia?" First anti-war pickets were held in the Urals] (in Russian). RU: Ura. 2 March 2014. 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Bloomberg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-23/russia-staring-at-recession-on-sanctions-that-could-get-tougher.html">the original</a> on 23 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+Staring+at+Recession+on+Sanctions+That+Could+Get+Tougher&rft.date=2014-03-23&rft.au=Andra+Timu&rft.au=Henry+Meyer&rft.au=Olga+Tanas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2014-03-23%2Frussia-staring-at-recession-on-sanctions-that-could-get-tougher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-470"><a href="#cite_ref-470">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathrin_HilleRichard_McGregor2014" class="citation news cs1">Kathrin Hille; Richard McGregor (24 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/19b9ad88-b37c-11e3-bc21-00144feabdc0.html">"Russia braced for $70bn in outflows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-europe-sanctions-idUKBREA2K1VD20140321">the original</a> on 4 February 2016. 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Retrieved 7 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Ukraine+investigates+Coca+Cola+and+Pepsi&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2016%2F01%2F21%2Fukraine-investigates-coca-cola-and-pepsi-over-crimea-map-row%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-494"><a href="#cite_ref-494">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/ukraines-france-ambassador-slams-atlas-placing-crimea-russia-193953372.html">"Ukraine's France ambassador slams atlas for placing Crimea in Russia"</a>. Yahoo! News. 13 October 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine%27s+France+ambassador+slams+atlas+for+placing+Crimea+in+Russia&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2016-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fukraines-france-ambassador-slams-atlas-placing-crimea-russia-193953372.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-495"><a href="#cite_ref-495">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/autre-region/Crim%C3%A9e/115181">"Larousse official Internet website"</a>. Larousse. Retrieved 7 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Larousse+official+Internet+website&rft.pub=Larousse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larousse.fr%2Fencyclopedie%2Fautre-region%2FCrim%25C3%25A9e%2F115181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-496"><a href="#cite_ref-496">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geopolis.francetvinfo.fr/quand-le-larousse-place-la-crimee-en-russie-83775">"Official position of Larousse on Crimea"</a>. 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+position+of+Larousse+on+Crimea&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeopolis.francetvinfo.fr%2Fquand-le-larousse-place-la-crimee-en-russie-83775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-497"><a href="#cite_ref-497">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limesonline.com/lattivismo-militare-della-russia-nel-2015/88860?prv=true">L'attivismo militare della Russia nel 2015</a>, Russia's military activism in 2015, <a href="/wiki/Limes_(magazine)" title="Limes (magazine)">Limes</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-498"><a href="#cite_ref-498">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limesonline.com/perche-limes-rappresenta-la-crimea-sotto-la-sovranita-della-russia/88930">Perché Limes rappresenta la Crimea sotto la sovranità della Russia</a>, Because Limes represents Crimea under the sovereignty of Russia 11 January 2016 <a href="/wiki/Limes_(magazine)" title="Limes (magazine)">Limes</a>, accessed 28 February 2022 </li> <li id="cite_note-499"><a href="#cite_ref-499">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-50573069">"Apple changes Crimea map to meet Russian demands"</a>. BBC News. 27 November 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Apple+changes+Crimea+map+to+meet+Russian+demands&rft.date=2019-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-50573069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-500"><a href="#cite_ref-500">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamidWouters2021" class="citation book cs1">Hamid, Linda; Wouters, Jan (29 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7LMTEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22a+coup+d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tat+of+a+regional+scale%22&pg=PA73">Rule of Law and Areas of Limited Statehood: Domestic and International Dimensions</a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78897-904-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78897-904-7"><bdi>978-1-78897-904-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rule+of+Law+and+Areas+of+Limited+Statehood%3A+Domestic+and+International+Dimensions&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2021-01-29&rft.isbn=978-1-78897-904-7&rft.aulast=Hamid&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Wouters%2C+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7LMTEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522a%2Bcoup%2Bd%25E2%2580%2599%25C3%25A9tat%2Bof%2Ba%2Bregional%2Bscale%2522%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ukrainian_history" title="Bibliography of Ukrainian history">Bibliography of Ukrainian history</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slavic_studies_journals" title="List of Slavic studies journals">List of Slavic studies journals</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPynnöniemiRácz2016" class="citation journal cs1">Pynnöniemi, Katri; Rácz, András, eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109024305/http://www.fiia.fi/fi/publication/588/fog_of_falsehood/">"Fog of Falsehood: Russian Strategy of Deception and the Conflict in Ukraine"</a>. Fiia Report. FIIA Report, 45. Helsinki: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Institute_of_International_Affairs" title="Finnish Institute of International Affairs">Finnish Institute of International Affairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-769-485-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-769-485-8"><bdi>978-951-769-485-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2323-5454">2323-5454</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiia.fi/fi/publication/588/fog_of_falsehood/">the original</a> on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fiia+Report&rft.atitle=Fog+of+Falsehood%3A+Russian+Strategy+of+Deception+and+the+Conflict+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=2323-5454&rft.isbn=978-951-769-485-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiia.fi%2Ffi%2Fpublication%2F588%2Ffog_of_falsehood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/05/myths-and-misconceptions-debate-russia/">"Myths and misconceptions in the debate on Russia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chatham_House" title="Chatham House">Chatham House</a>. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chatham+House&rft.atitle=Myths+and+misconceptions+in+the+debate+on+Russia&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chathamhouse.org%2F2021%2F05%2Fmyths-and-misconceptions-debate-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnexation+of+Crimea+by+the+Russian+Federation" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" class="extiw" title="q:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Accession_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea_to_Russia" class="extiw" title="s:Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15920546" class="extiw" title="d:Q15920546">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6481091/A_treaty_on_accession_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea_and_Sebastopol_to_the_Russian_Federation._Unofficial_English_translation_with_little_commentary">A treaty of accession of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol to the Russian Federation. Unofficial English translation with commentary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/media/video/russia-ukraine-crimea-interviews/27575495.html">Russia & Me: Former Post-Soviet Leaders' Views On Crimea's Annexation</a> (video 11:21), <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">REF/RL</a>, 26 February 2016 (in Russian, subtitles in English)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template talk:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">International reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_units_in_the_2014_Crimean_crisis" title="List of military units in the 2014 Crimean crisis">List of military units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_sanctioned_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis">List of sanctioned individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_that_applied_sanctions_during_the_Crimean_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies that applied sanctions during the Crimean crisis">List of companies that applied sanctions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaction_of_Russian_intelligentsia_to_the_2014_annexation_of_Crimea" title="Reaction of Russian intelligentsia to the 2014 annexation of Crimea">Reaction of Russian intelligentsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262">UN General Assembly Resolution 68/262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Constitution of the Republic of Crimea">2014 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Environmental impact of the Russian occupation of Crimea">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin">Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_%22For_the_Return_of_Crimea%22" title="Medal "For the Return of Crimea"">Medal "For the Return of Crimea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Crimean_Parliament" title="Capture of the Crimean Parliament">Capture of the Crimean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base" title="Capture of Southern Naval Base">Capture of Southern Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Simferopol_incident" title="2014 Simferopol incident">2014 Simferopol incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">History of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire">1783 annexation by Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_People%27s_Republic" title="Crimean People's Republic">Crimean People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">1921–1945 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">1944 deportation of the Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">1945–1991 Crimean Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_transfer_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 transfer of Crimea">1954 transfer of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Crimean_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–1992 Crimean ASSR">1991–1992 Crimean ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(1992_to_1995)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)">Republic of Crimea (1992 to 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 constitution of Crimea">1992 constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea (since 1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Crimea" title="President of Crimea">1994–1995 President of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Meshkov" title="Yuriy Meshkov">Yuriy Meshkov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">1994 Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_Treaty_on_the_Status_and_Conditions_of_the_Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet">1997 Partition Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Constitution_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Constitution of Crimea">1998 Constitution of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_anti-NATO_protests_in_Feodosia" title="2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia">2006 anti-NATO protests in Feodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">2010 Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine#Bill_"On_the_principles_of_the_State_language_policy"" title="Language policy in Ukraine">2012 law on languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">2013–2014 Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_G7_summit" title="40th G7 summit">40th G7 summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol_International_Airport" title="Simferopol International Airport">Simferopol Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Crimea" title="Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea">Building of the Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_International_Airport" title="Sevastopol International Airport">Belbek Airport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Bridge" title="Crimean Bridge">Crimean Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donuzlav" title="Donuzlav">Donuzlav</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Ochakov" title="Russian cruiser Ochakov">Ochakov</a> scuttling</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perevalne" title="Perevalne">Perevalne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armiansk" title="Armiansk">Armiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhankoi" title="Dzhankoi">Dzhankoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonhar" title="Chonhar">Chonhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Krym" title="Port Krym">Port Krym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strilkove" title="Strilkove">Strilkove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabat_Spit" title="Arabat Spit">Arabat Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novofedorivka" title="Novofedorivka">Novofedorivka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea" title="Verkhovna Rada of Crimea">Supreme Council of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Crimea" title="Council of Ministers of Crimea">Council of Ministers of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_City_Council" title="Sevastopol City Council">Sevastopol City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Airborne Troops">Russian Airborne Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <a href="/wiki/Berkut_(special_police_force)" title="Berkut (special police force)">Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Unity" title="Russian Unity">Russian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Russia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shoigu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Shoigu">Sergey Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sergun" title="Igor Sergun">Igor Sergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vitko" title="Aleksandr Vitko">Aleksandr Vitko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Belaventsev" title="Oleg Belaventsev">Oleg Belaventsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Minnikhanov" title="Rustam Minnikhanov">Rustam Minnikhanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Temirgaliev" title="Rustam Temirgaliev">Rustam Temirgaliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Berezovsky" title="Denis Berezovsky">Denis Berezovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yeliseyev_(admiral)" title="Sergei Yeliseyev (admiral)">Sergei Yeliseyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chaly" title="Aleksei Chaly">Aleksei Chaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Besler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">Yatsenyuk government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliamentary</a> parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Fatherland%22" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"">Batkivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform">UDAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Navy" title="Ukrainian Navy">Ukrainian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejlis_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_People" title="Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People">Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Ukraine)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Hayduk" title="Serhiy Hayduk">Serhiy Hayduk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures (Crimea)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Dzhemilev" title="Mustafa Dzhemilev">Mustafa Dzhemilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refat_Chubarov" title="Refat Chubarov">Refat Chubarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lmi_%C3%9Cmerov" title="İlmi Ümerov">İlmi Ümerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtem_Chiygoz" title="Ahtem Chiygoz">Ahtem Chiygoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Kunitsyn" title="Serhiy Kunitsyn">Serhiy Kunitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliy_Mamchur" title="Yuliy Mamchur">Yuliy Mamchur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irredentism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irredentism" title="Template:Irredentism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irredentism" title="Template talk:Irredentism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irredentism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irredentism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irredentism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_South_Africa" title="Greater South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="List of proposed provinces and territories of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_relations" title="Canada–Turks and Caicos Islands relations">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista_(Mexico)" title="Reconquista (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saint_Martin" title="Unification of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_state" title="51st state">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_the_United_States_to_purchase_Greenland" title="Proposals for the United States to purchase Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_of_Mexico_Movement" title="All of Mexico Movement">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto" title="Ostend Manifesto">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_annexation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo">Dominican Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_irredentism" title="Argentine irredentism">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_expansionism" title="Chilean expansionism">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Armenia" title="United Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_movement" title="Karabakh movement">Karabakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Azerbaijan" title="Whole Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Azerbaijan_(irredentist_concept)" title="Western Azerbaijan (irredentist concept)">Western Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism#Irredentism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism#Pan-Syrianism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" title="Greater Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">Akhand Bharat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Nepal" title="Greater Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_independence_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir independence movement">Kashmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tamil_Nadu" title="Greater Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern and Southeastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_irredentism" title="Cambodian irredentism">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_irredentism" title="Chinese irredentism">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">unification with Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">annexation of Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Indonesia" title="Greater Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_claimed_by_the_Philippines" title="Territories claimed by the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Thaiism" title="Pan-Thaiism">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Timor" title="Great Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_irredentism" title="Vietnamese irredentism">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central and Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Democratic_Republic#Territory" title="Belarusian Democratic Republic">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Moldova" title="Greater Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_irredentism" title="Polish irredentism">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">unification with Moldova</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russia</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">annexation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">occupation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">proposed annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">occupation of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian irredentism">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Albania_and_Kosovo" title="Unification of Albania and Kosovo">unification with Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bosnia" title="Greater Bosnia">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_irredentism" title="Bulgarian irredentism">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Myth" title="Kosovo Myth">Kosovo Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Kosovo" title="Partition of Kosovo">partition of Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_irredentism" title="Spanish irredentism">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_irredenta" title="Galicia irredenta">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Corfu" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian irredentism in Corfu">Corfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Corsica" title="Italian irredentism in Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Dalmatia" title="Italian irredentism in Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Istria" title="Italian irredentism in Istria">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Switzerland" title="Italian irredentism in Switzerland">Italian Grisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Malta" title="Italian irredentism in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Nice" title="Italian irredentism in Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Savoy" title="Italian irredentism in Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Switzerland" title="Italian irredentism in Switzerland">Ticino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Finland" title="Greater Finland">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_question" title="Karelian question">Karelia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Belgium" title="Greater Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_borders_of_France" title="Natural borders of France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rattachism" title="Rattachism">Wallonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_question" title="German question">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism_in_Austria" title="German nationalism in Austria">Austria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">annexation of Austria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Netherlands" title="Greater Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_states_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed states of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Papuan unification">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_unification" title="Samoan unification">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Related concepts: <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_border_changes_since_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national border changes since 1914">Border changes since 1914</a> · <a href="/wiki/Partition_(politics)" title="Partition (politics)">Partitionism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">Reunification</a> · <a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revisionism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">Rump state</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russo-Ukrainian_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Template talk:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russo-Ukrainian_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet_dispute" title="Black Sea Fleet dispute">Black Sea Fleet dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict" title="2003 Tuzla Island conflict">2003 Tuzla Island conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin" title="2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin">2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Main events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Timeline of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odesa_clashes" title="2014 Odesa clashes">2014 Odesa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_units_which_invaded_the_territory_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian units which invaded the territory of Ukraine">List of Russian units which invaded the territory of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_Strait_incident" title="Kerch Strait incident">Kerch Strait incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnergate" title="Wagnergate">Wagnergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">2022 Russian annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">sanctioned people and organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Support_for_the_Sovereignty,_Integrity,_Democracy,_and_Economic_Stability_of_Ukraine_Act_of_2014" title="Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014">Act of 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2019)">ICJ case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">ORDLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorist_Operation_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorist Operation Zone">ATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions to the war in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_status_referendum" title="2014 Crimean status referendum">2014 Crimean status referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">Political status of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021–2023 global supply chain crisis">2021–2023 global supply chain crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Eurointegration of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_imagery_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Soviet imagery during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Soviet imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Lend-Lease (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_arrest_warrants_for_Vladimir_Putin_and_Maria_Lvova-Belova" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova">ICC arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="LGBT people in the Russo-Ukrainian War">LGBT people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_cyberwarfare" title="Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">2015 Ukraine power grid hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Kyiv_cyberattack" title="2016 Kyiv cyberattack">2016 Kyiv cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">2016 Surkov leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 activities of Anonymous against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Social media in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Media portrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the 2022 invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russo-Ukrainian_War_films" title="List of Russo-Ukrainian War films">Films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian language in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Vladimir_Lenin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine">Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">2014 anti-war protests in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Control of cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis" title="Ukrainian conscription crisis">Ukrainian conscription crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Child abductions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Forced transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Category:Russo-Ukrainian War">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(24_February_%E2%80%93_7_April_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February – 7 April 2022)">Feb – Apr 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_April_%E2%80%93_28_August_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 April – 28 August 2022)">Apr – Aug 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(29_August_%E2%80%93_11_November_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (29 August – 11 November 2022)">Aug – Nov 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(12_November_2022_%E2%80%93_7_June_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (12 November 2022 – 7 June 2023)">Nov 2022 – Jun 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_June_2023_%E2%80%93_31_August_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 June 2023 – 31 August 2023)">Jun – Aug 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_September_%E2%80%93_30_November_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 September – 30 November 2023)">Sep – Nov 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 December 2023 – 31 March 2024)">Dec 2023 – Mar 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_April_2024_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 April 2024 – 31 July 2024)">Apr – Jul 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_August_2024_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 August 2024 – present)">Aug 2024 – present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Aerial warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Aerial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_defense_lines_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian defense lines during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Defense lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Naval warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Naval warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Legality of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_for_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Peace_Formula" title="Ukraine's Peace Formula">Ukraine's Peace Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">China peace proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Ukraine_peace_summit" title="June 2024 Ukraine peace summit">June 2024 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_no-fly_zone_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Proposed no-fly zone in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Proposed no-fly zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_lines_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Red lines in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Red lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_from_Russia_after_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian War">Reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Territorial control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction">Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">Belarus–European Union border crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Platform" title="Crimea Platform">Crimea Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapad_2021" title="Zapad 2021">Zapad 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO" title="December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO">December 2021 ultimatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zametil_2022" title="Zametil 2022">Zametil 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022" title="Union Resolve 2022">Union Resolve 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_trilateral_pact" title="British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact">British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_evacuation_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 evacuation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_mobilization_in_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 mobilization in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine" title="Address concerning the events in Ukraine">Address concerning the events in Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">On conducting a special military operation</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Annexation of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022 timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Belarus–Ukraine relations">Belarus–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">Ukraine–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">enlargement of NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward expansion controversy in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">open door policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_engagements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of military engagements during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Military engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Snake Island campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Siege of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">Battle of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Melitopol">Battle of Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Battle of Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Enerhodar" title="Battle of Enerhodar">Battle of Enerhodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voznesensk" title="Battle of Voznesensk">Battle of Voznesensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huliaipole" title="Battle of Huliaipole">Battle of Huliaipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Davydiv_Brid" title="Battle of Davydiv Brid">Battle of Davydiv Brid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">Liberation of Kherson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnieper campaign (2022–present)">Dnieper campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Volnovakha" title="Battle of Volnovakha">Battle of Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">Battle of Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Battle of Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rubizhne" title="Battle of Rubizhne">Battle of Rubizhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Popasna" title="Battle of Popasna">Battle of Popasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Battle of Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Siverskyi_Donets" title="Battle of the Siverskyi Donets">Battle of the Siverskyi Donets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Battle of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Battle of Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pisky" title="Battle of Pisky">Battle of Pisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Battle of Bakhmut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Battle of Soledar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuhledar" title="Battle of Vuhledar">Battle of Vuhledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">Kharkiv counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyman_(September%E2%80%93October_2022)" title="Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)">Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Battle of Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chasiv_Yar" title="Battle of Chasiv Yar">Battle of Chasiv Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnohorivka" title="Battle of Krasnohorivka">Battle of Krasnohorivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ocheretyne" title="Battle of Ocheretyne">Battle of Ocheretyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toretsk" title="Battle of Toretsk">Battle of Toretsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurakhove" title="Battle of Kurakhove">Battle of Kurakhove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Battle of Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Chernobyl" title="Capture of Chernobyl">Capture of Chernobyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Battle of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hostomel" title="Battle of Hostomel">Battle of Hostomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasylkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vasylkiv">Battle of Vasylkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha" title="Battle of Bucha">Battle of Bucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Irpin" title="Battle of Irpin">Battle of Irpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makariv" title="Battle of Makariv">Battle of Makariv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Kyiv_convoy" title="Russian Kyiv convoy">Russian Kyiv convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moshchun" title="Battle of Moshchun">Battle of Moshchun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovytska_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam">Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brovary" title="Battle of Brovary">Battle of Brovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slavutych" title="Battle of Slavutych">Battle of Slavutych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Battle of Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Siege of Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lebedyn" title="Battle of Lebedyn">Battle of Lebedyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Ukraine–Russia border skirmishes">Northeastern border skirmishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_raid" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast raid">Bryansk Oblast raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_drone_attack" title="Kremlin drone attack">Kremlin drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_May_2023_Moscow_drone_strikes" title="30 May 2023 Moscow drone strikes">Moscow drone strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_December_2023_Belgorod_shelling" title="30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling">30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="February 2024 Belgorod missile strike">February 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="May 2024 Belgorod missile strike">May 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2024_western_Russia_incursion" title="March 2024 western Russia incursion">March 2024 western Russia incursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" title="2024 Kursk offensive">2024 Kursk offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_occupation_of_Kursk_Oblast" title="Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast">occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olgovskiy_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Olgovskiy Forest">Battle of Olgovskiy Forest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets_depot_explosions" title="Toropets depot explosions">Toropets depot explosions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Chernihiv strikes (2022–present)">Chernihiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnipro strikes (2022–present)">Dnipro strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Ivano-Frankivsk strikes (2022–present)">Ivano-Frankivsk strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kherson strikes (2022–present)">Kherson strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Khmelnytskyi strikes (2022–present)">Khmelnytskyi strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kryvyi Rih strikes (2022–present)">Kryvyi Rih strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kyiv strikes (2022–present)">Kyiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Lviv strikes (2022–present)">Lviv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Mykolaiv strikes (2022–present)">Mykolaiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Odesa strikes (2022–present)">Odesa strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rivne strikes (2022–present)">Rivne strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Vinnytsia strikes (2022–present)">Vinnytsia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zaporizhzhia strikes (2022–present)">Zaporizhzhia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zhytomyr attacks (2022–present)">Zhytomyr strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes on military targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv_air_base_attack" title="Chuhuiv air base attack">Chuhuiv air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerovo_air_base_attack" title="Millerovo air base attack">Millerovo air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Chornobaivka_attacks" title="2022 Chornobaivka attacks">Chornobaivka attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_barracks_attack" title="7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack">7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavoriv_military_base_attack" title="Yavoriv military base attack">Yavoriv military base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_quarters_attack" title="18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack">18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Berdiansk_port_attack" title="2022 Berdiansk port attack">Berdiansk port attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Moskva" title="Sinking of the Moskva">Sinking of the Moskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desna_barracks_airstrike" title="Desna barracks airstrike">Desna barracks airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_attack_on_Nova_Kakhovka" title="2022 attack on Nova Kakhovka">Attack on Nova Kakhovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Crimea attacks (2022–present)">Crimea attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Novofedorivka_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Novofedorivka explosions">Novofedorivka explosions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base" title="2022 drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base">Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters" title="Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters">Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyagilevo_and_Engels_air_bases_attacks" title="Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks">Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_military_quarters_shelling" title="Makiivka military quarters shelling">Makiivka military quarters shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machulishchy_air_base_attack" title="Machulishchy air base attack">Machulishchy air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarichne_barracks_airstrike" title="Zarichne barracks airstrike">Zarichne barracks airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian resistance during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Ukraine" title="Popular Resistance of Ukraine">Popular Resistance of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdiansk_Partisan_Army" title="Berdiansk Partisan Army">Berdiansk Partisan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Ribbon_(movement)" title="Yellow Ribbon (movement)">Yellow Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atesh" title="Atesh">Atesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarus and Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Vladlen_Tatarsky" title="Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky">Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Council_(Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine)" title="Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine)">Civic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_Declaration" title="Irpin Declaration">Irpin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina#Killing" title="Darya Dugina">Killing of Darya Dugina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army_(Russia)" title="National Republican Army (Russia)">National Republican Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_commissariats_attacks" title="Russian military commissariats attacks">Military commissariats arsons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ust-Ilimsk_military_commissariat_shooting" title="Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting">Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bridge_(Russia)" title="Black Bridge (Russia)">Black Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Russia (2022–present)">Rail war in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Wagons" title="Stop the Wagons">Stop the Wagons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Organization_of_Anarcho-Communists" title="Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists">Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Belarus_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)">Rail war in Belarus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busly_liacia%C4%87" title="Busly liaciać">Busly liaciać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYPOL" title="BYPOL">BYPOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Railway_Workers_of_Belarus" title="Community of Railway Workers of Belarus">Community of Railway Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Partisans" title="Cyber Partisans">Cyber Partisans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_used_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2023 elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Odesa Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Sumy_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast">Sumy Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zhytomyr_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast">Zhytomyr Oblast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Mystery fires in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks" title="2022 Transnistria attacks">Transnistria attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2022 Crimean Bridge explosion">2022 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2023 Crimean Bridge explosion">2023 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#2022_Ukrainian_coup_d'etat_attempt" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_drone" title="Dragon drone">Dragon drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_missile_explosion_in_Poland" title="2022 missile explosion in Poland">Missile explosion in Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Synytsia" title="Operation Synytsia">Operation Synytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" title="Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_genocide_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusations of genocide in Donbas">Accusations of genocide in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War">child abductions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_on_hospitals_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian strikes on hospitals during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_cluster_munitions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Use of cluster munitions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Cluster munitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_incendiary_weapons_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Use of incendiary weapons in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Incendiary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmines_in_Ukraine" title="Landmines in Ukraine">Landmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_filtration_camps_for_Ukrainians" title="Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians">Russian filtration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_usage_of_mobile_crematoriums_in_Ukraine" title="Russian usage of mobile crematoriums in Ukraine">Russian mobile crematoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_theft_of_Ukrainian_grain" title="2022 Russian theft of Ukrainian grain">Russian theft of Ukrainian grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_torture_chambers_in_Ukraine" title="Russian torture chambers in Ukraine">Russian torture chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting_by_Russian_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Looting by Russian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Mistreatment of prisoners of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_civilians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on civilians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_government_building_airstrike" title="Kharkiv government building airstrike">Kharkiv government building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_March_2022_Chernihiv_bombing" title="3 March 2022 Chernihiv bombing">3 March Chernihiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_refugee_column_shelling" title="Irpin refugee column shelling">Irpin refugee column shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_hospital_airstrike" title="Mariupol hospital airstrike">Mariupol hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Krasnianka_care_house_attack" title="Stara Krasnianka care house attack">Stara Krasnianka care house attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_cluster_bombing" title="Mykolaiv cluster bombing">Mykolaiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="March 2022 Donetsk attack">March 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Borodianka" title="Bombing of Borodianka">2022 Borodianka airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_March_2022_Chernihiv_breadline_attack" title="16 March 2022 Chernihiv breadline attack">Chernihiv breadline attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_theatre_airstrike" title="Mariupol theatre airstrike">Mariupol theatre airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_shopping_centre_bombing" title="Kyiv shopping centre bombing">Kyiv shopping centre bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumykhimprom_ammonia_leak" title="Sumykhimprom ammonia leak">Sumykhimprom ammonia leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_government_building_missile_strike" title="Mykolaiv government building missile strike">Mykolaiv government building missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">Bucha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk_railway_station_attack" title="Kramatorsk railway station attack">Kramatorsk railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilohorivka_school_bombing" title="Bilohorivka school bombing">Bilohorivka school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Andrii_Bohomaz" title="Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz">Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisky_Market_attack" title="Maisky Market attack">Maisky Market attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremenchuk_shopping_mall_attack" title="Kremenchuk shopping mall attack">Kremenchuk shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiivka_missile_strike" title="Serhiivka missile strike">Serhiivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasiv_Yar_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasiv Yar missile strike">Chasiv Yar missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenivka_prison_massacre" title="Olenivka prison massacre">Olenivka prison massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_dormitories_missile_strike" title="Kharkiv dormitories missile strike">Kharkiv dormitories missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplyne_railway_station_attack" title="Chaplyne railway station attack">Chaplyne railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izium_mass_graves" title="Izium mass graves">Izium mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="September 2022 Donetsk attack">September 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_civilian_convoy_attack" title="Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack">Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiansk_civilian_convoy_shelling" title="Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling">Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zaporizhzhia_residential_building_airstrike" title="2022 Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike">Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)">Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dnipro_residential_building_airstrike" title="2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike">2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2023_Sloviansk_airstrike" title="April 2023 Sloviansk airstrike">Sloviansk airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Uman_missile_strike" title="2023 Uman missile strike">Uman missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kramatorsk_restaurant_missile_strike" title="2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike">Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_cluster_bombing" title="Lyman cluster bombing">Lyman cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2023 Pokrovsk missile strike">2023 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2023_Chernihiv_missile_strike" title="August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike">Chernihiv missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2023_Kostiantynivka_missile_strike" title="September 2023 Kostiantynivka missile strike">Kostiantynivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hroza_missile_attack" title="Hroza missile attack">Hroza missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_massacre" title="Volnovakha massacre">Volnovakha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_December_2023_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="29 December 2023 Russian strikes on Ukraine">December 2023 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2024 Pokrovsk missile strike">2024 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Donetsk_attack" title="2024 Donetsk attack">2024 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lysychansk_missile_strike" title="2024 Lysychansk missile strike">Lysychansk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2024_Odesa_strike" title="6 March 2024 Odesa strike">6 March 2024 Odesa strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_March_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="22 March 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">March 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_May_2024_Kharkiv_missile_strikes" title="25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes">May 2024 Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_children%27s_hospital_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv children's hospital airstrike">8 July 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kostiantynivka_supermarket_missile_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack">2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_August_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="26 August 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">26 August 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Poltava_strike" title="September 2024 Poltava strike">September 2024 Poltava strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crimes against soldiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_of_Russian_soldiers_in_Mala_Rohan" title="Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan">Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_and_castration_of_a_Ukrainian_POW_in_Pryvillia" title="Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia">Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_soldiers_by_Kadyrovites" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites">Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yevgeny_Nuzhin" title="Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin">Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_surrender_incident" title="Makiivka surrender incident">Makiivka surrender incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Oleksandr_Matsievskyi" title="Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi">Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_prisoner_of_war_beheading" title="2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading">2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">ICC investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ court case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_on_Accountability_for_Crimes_Committed_in_Ukraine" title="Task Force on Accountability for Crimes Committed in Ukraine">Task Force on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction_investigations_of_war_crimes_in_Ukraine" title="Universal jurisdiction investigations of war crimes in Ukraine">Universal jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_international_tribunal_for_the_crime_of_aggression_(Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine)" title="Special international tribunal for the crime of aggression (Russian invasion of Ukraine)">Crime of aggression</a></li> <li>Criminal proceedings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Vadim_Shishimarin" title="Trial of Vadim Shishimarin">Vadim Shishimarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Alexander_Bobikin_and_Alexander_Ivanov" title="Trial of Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov">Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anton_Cherednik" title="Trial of Anton Cherednik">Anton Cherednik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reactions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Reactions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">States and official entities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">people and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_transit_to_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast">restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Assistance_Mission_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine">European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bayraktar" title="People's Bayraktar">People's Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signmyrocket.com" title="Signmyrocket.com">Signmyrocket.com</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachts_impacted_by_international_sanctions_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctioned yachts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Relations with Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Application to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Brave_Like_Ukraine" title="Be Brave Like Ukraine">Be Brave Like Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave1" title="Brave1">Brave1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_%22On_the_Protection_of_the_Constitutional_Order_in_the_Field_of_Activities_of_Religious_Organizations%22" title="Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of the Constitutional Order in the Field of Activities of Religious Organizations""> Ban on Russia-associated religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_Headquarters_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners_of_War" title="Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War">Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Condemnation_and_Prohibition_of_Propaganda_of_Russian_Imperial_Policy_in_Ukraine_and_the_Decolonization_of_Toponymy" title="On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy">Decolonization and derussification law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(situational_awareness_system)" title="Delta (situational awareness system)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyed_Russian_military_equipment_exhibition" title="Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition">Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Courage_and_Bravery_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)">For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_From_Ukraine_program" title="Grain From Ukraine program">Grain From Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Supreme_Commander-in-Chief" title="Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief">Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live_(hotline)" title="I Want to Live (hotline)">I Want to Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Legion_(Ukraine)" title="International Legion (Ukraine)">International Legion</a> and other foreign units <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Belarusian Volunteer Corps">Belarusian Volunteer Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Battalion" title="Terror Battalion">Terror Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Maple_Company" title="Black Maple Company">Black Maple Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian-Ukrainian_Brigade" title="Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade">Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Russia_Legion" title="Freedom of Russia Legion">Freedom of Russia Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Volunteer_Corps" title="German Volunteer Corps">German Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_National_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian National Battalion">Karelian National Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastu%C5%9B_Kalino%C5%ADski_Regiment" title="Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment">Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Brigade" title="Norman Brigade">Norman Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahonia_Regiment" title="Pahonia Regiment">Pahonia Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Volunteer_Corps" title="Polish Volunteer Corps">Polish Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Battlegroup_Getica" title="Romanian Battlegroup Getica">Romanian Battlegroup Getica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Russian Volunteer Corps">Russian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibir_Battalion" title="Sibir Battalion">Sibir Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_Battalion" title="Turan Battalion">Turan Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War" title="International Sponsors of War">International Sponsors of War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_forced_confiscation_of_Russian_property_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on forced confiscation of Russian property in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Forced confiscation law of Russian property</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="ru:Украинский закон о принудительном изъятии имущества резидентов РФ">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="uk:Український закон про примусове вилучення майна резидентів РФ">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_for_Your_Own" title="Look for Your Own">Look for Your Own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Ukraine#2022_martial_law" title="Martial law in Ukraine">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization_in_Ukraine#2022" title="Mobilization in Ukraine">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Center_Ukraine" title="Media Center Ukraine">Media Center Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_the_Recovery_of_Ukraine_from_the_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War (page does not exist)">National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національна рада з відновлення України від наслідків війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Multi-Subject_Test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Multi-Subject Test (page does not exist)">National Multi-Subject Test</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Національний мультипредметний тест">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="North Korea–Ukraine relations">North Korea–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Points_of_Invincibility" title="Points of Invincibility">Points of Invincibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_recognition_of_the_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Recognition of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuer_City" title="Rescuer City">Rescuer City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Save_Ukrainian_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Save Ukrainian Culture (page does not exist)">Save Ukrainian Culture</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" class="extiw" title="uk:Збережіть українську культуру">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Syria–Ukraine relations">Syria–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Freedom_Orchestra" title="Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra">Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United24" title="United24">United24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_News_(telethon)" title="United News (telethon)">United News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>highways in the annexed territories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A290_highway_(Russia)" title="A290 highway (Russia)">A290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavrida_Highway" title="Tavrida Highway">A291 "Tavrida"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R260_highway_(Russia)" title="R260 highway (Russia)">R260</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R280_highway_(Russia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R280 highway (Russia) (page does not exist)">R280 "Novorossiya"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">2022 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally" title="2023 Moscow rally">2023 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly" title="2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly">2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_blockade_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian blockade of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Blockade of Ukraine</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Российская блокада украинских портов">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion">Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Censorship in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Цензура в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Chechnya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_volunteers_on_the_side_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen volunteers on the side of Ukraine">Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conmemorative_Medal_%22Participant_of_a_Special_Military_Operation%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" (page does not exist)">Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation"</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%C2%AB%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятная медаль «Участнику специальной военной операции»">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_about_Important_Things" title="Conversations about Important Things">Conversations about Important Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasovsky_case" title="Krasovsky case">Krasovsky case</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalization_of_parallel_imports_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalization of parallel imports in Russia (page does not exist)">Legalization of parallel imports</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Легализация параллельного импорта в России">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_South_Russian_People%27s_Council" title="Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council">Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_martial_law" title="2022 Russian martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masha_Moskalyova_case" title="Masha Moskalyova case">Masha Moskalyova case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Crimea" title="Metropolis of Crimea">Metropolis of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Simonov_case" title="Mikhail Simonov case">Mikhail Simonov case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">Mobilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_irregular_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian irregular forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Recruitment of irregular forces</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B,_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Нерегулярные вооружённые силы, участвующие во вторжении России на Украину">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelganger_(disinformation_campaign)" title="Doppelganger (disinformation campaign)">Operation Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opinion_polling_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opinion polling in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Opinion polling</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Социологические опросы в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_Christmas_truce_proposal" title="2023 Russian Christmas truce proposal">Orthodox Christmas truce proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group%E2%80%93Ministry_of_Defense_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict">Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Clergy_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_for_Reconciliation_and_an_End_to_War" title="Appeal of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church for Reconciliation and an End to War">Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_Committee_for_Peace_and_Order" title="Salvation Committee for Peace and Order">Salvation Committee for Peace and Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Coordinating_Council_for_Security_Enhancement" title="Special Coordinating Council for Security Enhancement">Special Coordinating Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list" title="Unfriendly countries list">Unfriendly countries list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws" title="Russian 2022 war censorship laws">War censorship laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together._Sports" title="We Are Together. Sports">We Are Together. Sports</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022 State of the Union Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_Governance_Board" title="Disinformation Governance Board">Disinformation Governance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14071" title="Executive Order 14071">Executive Order 14071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Pentagon_document_leaks" title="2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks">Pentagon document leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture" title="Task Force KleptoCapture">Task Force KleptoCapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group" title="Ukraine Defense Contact Group">Ukraine Defense Contact Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Security_Assistance_Initiative" title="Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative">Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarus</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ukraine_authorization_for_emergency_travel" title="Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel">Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">Chinese peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hong Kong and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War_on_Croatia" title="Influence of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Danish_European_Union_opt-out_referendum" title="2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum">Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federated_States_of_Micronesia%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Российско-микронезийские отношения">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Aigle" title="Mission Aigle">Mission Aigle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Georgia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_controversy" title="German Taurus controversy">German Taurus controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_leak" title="German Taurus leak">Taurus leak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitenwende_speech" title="Zeitenwende speech">Zeitenwende speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hungary and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hungary</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees" title="Operation Israel Guarantees">Operation Israel Guarantees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Lithuania and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Sanctions_Act_2022" title="Russia Sanctions Act 2022">Russia Sanctions Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea</a></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Ukraine_border_crisis" title="Poland–Ukraine border crisis">border crisis with Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Syria</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Сирия и вторжение России на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Taiwan and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Taiwan</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Crime_(Transparency_and_Enforcement)_Act_2022" title="Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022">Economic Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_for_Ukraine" title="Homes for Ukraine">Homes for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Interflex" title="Operation Interflex">Operation Interflex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_emergency_special_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly">Emergency special session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">Resolution ES-11/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/2" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/2">Resolution ES-11/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/3" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/3">Resolution ES-11/3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4">Resolution ES-11/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/5" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/5">Resolution ES-11/5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/6" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6">Resolution ES-11/6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623">Security Council Resolution 2623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_A/RES/77/229" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/229">Resolution A/RES/77/229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_truce" title="Easter truce">Easter truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession of Moldova to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession of Ukraine to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_summit" title="2022 Brussels summit">Brussels summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="1st European Political Community Summit">1st summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="2nd European Political Community Summit">2nd summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="3rd European Political Community Summit">3rd summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">Madrid summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_NATO_virtual_summit" title="2022 NATO virtual summit">NATO virtual summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oscar" title="Operation Oscar">Operation Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting" title="2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting">Ramstein Air Base meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_EU%E2%80%93Ukraine_Summit" title="2023 EU–Ukraine Summit">EU–Ukraine Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REPowerEU" title="REPowerEU">REPowerEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadfast_Defender_2024" title="Steadfast Defender 2024">Steadfast Defender 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks" title="SWIFT ban against Russian banks">SWIFT ban against Russian banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Recovery_Conference" title="Ukraine Recovery Conference">Ukraine Recovery Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles_declaration" title="Versailles declaration">Versailles declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">2023 Vilnius summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Washington_summit" title="2024 Washington summit">2024 Washington summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_Russia_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary#21st_century" title="Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Consecration of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-16_training_coalition" title="F-16 training coalition">F-16 training coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Finland–Russia border barrier">Finland–Russia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_diplomacy" title="Iron diplomacy">Iron diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia#2022_proposal" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia#2022" title="Terrorism in Russia">Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of monuments and memorials removed following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Removal of monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_renamed_due_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of streets renamed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Streets renamed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Square,_Oslo" title="Ukraine Square, Oslo">Ukraine Square, Oslo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden–NATO relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swedish_anti-terrorism_bill" title="2023 Swedish anti-terrorism bill">Swedish anti-terrorism bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmWomenNow" title="ArmWomenNow">ArmWomenNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Artistic_Front" title="Ukrainian Artistic Front">Ukrainian Artistic Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">In Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-War_Committee_of_Russia" title="Anti-War Committee of Russia">Anti-War Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspicious_deaths_of_Russian_businesspeople_(2022%E2%80%932024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople (2022–2024)">Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_(Russia,_2022)" title="Congress of People's Deputies (Russia, 2022)">Congress of People's Deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives" title="Council of Mothers and Wives">Council of Mothers and Wives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Anti-War_Resistance" title="Feminist Anti-War Resistance">Feminist Anti-War Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_protests" title="Flower protests">Flower protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Ovsyannikova" title="Marina Ovsyannikova">Marina Ovsyannikova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Action_Committee" title="Russian Action Committee">Russian Action Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Caucasian_protests" title="2022 North Caucasian protests">North Caucasian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Far_East_protests" title="2022 Russian Far East protests">2022 Russian Far East protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_initiative_for_charging_Vladimir_Putin_of_high_treason" title="Municipal initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason">State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-blue-white_flag" title="White-blue-white flag">White-blue-white flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Belarusian_opposition_to_the_invasion" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">In Belarus</a></li> <li>In China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Translation_Movement" title="Great Translation Movement">Great Translation Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>In Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_First!" title="Czech Republic First!">Czech Republic First!</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_responses_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_address_of_the_Russian_Union_of_Rectors" title="2022 address of the Russian Union of Rectors">Address of the Russian Union of Rectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" title="Boycott of Russia and Belarus">Boycott of Russia and Belarus</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">Do not buy Russian goods!</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.N.O.T._Corp." title="E.N.O.T. Corp.">E.N.O.T. Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Mangushev" title="Igor Mangushev">Igor Mangushev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_in_Russia" title="McDonald's in Russia">McDonald's in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vkusno_i_tochka" title="Vkusno i tochka">Vkusno i tochka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NashStore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NashStore (page does not exist)">NashStore</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NashStore" class="extiw" title="ru:NashStore">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Satellite" title="People's Satellite">People's Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Starlink satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Bloody_Energy" title="Stop Bloody Energy">Stop Bloody Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Ukraine" title="Wagner Group activities in Ukraine">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Aleksandrovich_Medvedev" title="Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev">Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nemes_Tarimo" title="Death of Nemes Tarimo">Death of Nemes Tarimo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_CELI_List_of_Companies" title="Yale CELI List of Companies">Yale CELI List of Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Anonymous and the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alerts.in.ua" title="Alerts.in.ua">alerts.in.ua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_DDoS_attacks_on_Romania" title="2022 DDoS attacks on Romania">DDoS attacks on Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepStateMap.Live" title="DeepStateMap.Live">DeepStateMap.Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killnet" title="Killnet">Killnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveuamap" title="Liveuamap">Liveuamap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Open-source intelligence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Open-source intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacenotwar" title="Peacenotwar">peacenotwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Asset_Tracker" title="Russian Asset Tracker">Russian Asset Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squad303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squad303 (page does not exist)">Squad303</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad303" class="extiw" title="pl:Squad303">pl</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Siren_Alerts" title="Ukraine Siren Alerts">Ukraine Siren Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia#2022_threat_to_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocking of Wikipedia in Russia">threat to block in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Mark_Bernstein" title="Detention of Mark Bernstein">detention of Mark Bernstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Azovstal_Defenders%27_Families" title="Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families">Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Collaboration with Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Collaboration with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together_with_Russia" title="We Are Together with Russia">We Are Together with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_Ukraine" title="Concert for Ukraine">Concert for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Buryatia_Foundation" title="Free Buryatia Foundation">Free Buryatia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Post-Russia_Forum" title="Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum">Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game4Ukraine" title="Game4Ukraine">Game4Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Lost_(organisation)" title="Get Lost (organisation)">Get Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Tour_for_Peace" title="Global Tour for Peace">Global Tour for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_by_the_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Go by the Forest">Go by the Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_the_Free_World" title="Guide to the Free World">Guide to the Free World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_Group" title="Mozart Group">Mozart Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Zelenska_Foundation" title="Olena Zelenska Foundation">Olena Zelenska Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="2022 open letter from Nobel laureates in support of Ukraine">Open letter from Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov_Battalion" title="Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion">Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubikus.HelpUA" title="Rubikus.HelpUA">Rubikus.HelpUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Shostak_Charitable_Foundation" title="Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation">Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_War_Crimes_House" title="Russia's War Crimes House">Russia's War Crimes House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Ukrainian_Cultural_Heritage_Online" title="Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online">Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Prytula_Charity_Foundation" title="Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation">Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Spain_letter_bomb_attacks" title="2022 Spain letter bomb attacks">Spain letter bomb attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yermak-McFaul_Expert_Group_on_Russian_Sanctions" title="Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions">Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Filatyev" title="Pavel Filatyev">Pavel Filatyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Russia" title="True Russia">True Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_ban_on_Russian_and_Belarusian_players" title="Wimbledon ban on Russian and Belarusian players">Wimbledon ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_generals_killed_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of Russian generals killed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian generals killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 inflation">Inflation surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2022–2023 Moldovan energy crisis">Moldovan energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_protests_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Moldovan protests (2022–2023)">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">Russia–EU gas dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_debt_default" title="2022 Russian debt default">Russian debt default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 Russian oil price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_economic_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="German economic crisis (2022–present)">2022-2024 German economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">EU natural gas price cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine#During_the_2022_Russian_invasion" title="Education in Ukraine">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_War" title="Whisky War">End of the Whisky War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Eurovision Song Contest 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 food crises">Food crises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Impact on theatre</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Театр часів Російсько-української війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_deaths_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable deaths during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">List of notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants" title="Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants">Nuclear power plants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant_crisis" title="Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis">Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Nuclear risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_emigration_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian emigration during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian emigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_(organisation)" title="Ark (organisation)">The Ark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cultural_heritage_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion">Ukrainian cultural heritage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_theft_and_looting_by_Russia_during_the_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Art theft and looting by Russia during the invasion of Ukraine">art theft and looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_damaged_cultural_sites_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of damaged cultural sites during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">damaged cultural sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Trauma in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Urengoy%E2%80%93Pomary%E2%80%93Uzhhorod_pipeline_explosion" title="2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion">Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impacts_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Humanitarian impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Humanitarian impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Ukrainian refugee crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobieskiego_100" title="Sobieskiego 100">Sobieskiego 100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine">UN Commission of Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Mission_in_Ukraine" title="United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine">UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/And_now_I_will_show_you_where_the_attack_on_Belarus_was_prepared_from" title="And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from">And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons_(slur)" title="Anglo-Saxons (slur)">Anglo-Saxons</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bavovna" title="Bavovna">Bavovna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker" title="Grandpa in his bunker">Grandpa in his bunker</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Evening_(Where_Are_You_From%3F)" title="Good Evening (Where Are You From?)">Good evening, we are from Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Orc_(slang)" title="Orc (slang)">Orc</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!#Russo-Ukrainian_war" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia_is_here_forever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russia is here forever (page does not exist)">Russia is here forever</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія тут назавжди">uk</a>]"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yourself" title="Russian warship, go fuck yourself">Russian warship, go fuck yourself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Slava Ukraini">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Special_military_operation" title="Special military operation">Special military operation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_bomb_Voronezh" title="To bomb Voronezh">To bomb Voronezh</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strength_is_in_truth" title="Strength is in truth">Strength is in truth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Westsplaining" title="Westsplaining">Westsplaining</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_have_you_been_for_eight_years%3F" title="Where have you been for eight years?">Where have you been for eight years?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_you_(speech)" title="Without you (speech)">Without you</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/12_(song)" title="12 (song)">12</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bakhmut_Fortress" title="Bakhmut Fortress">Bakhmut Fortress</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_(song)" title="Bayraktar (song)">Bayraktar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bilia_topoli" title="Bilia topoli">Bilia topoli</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Mary_(song)" title="City of Mary (song)">City of Mary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_Minefields" title="Flowers of Minefields">Flowers of Minefields</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Cancellation" title="Generation Cancellation">Generation Cancellation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Z_(song)" title="Generation Z (song)">Generation Z</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Russian_(song)" title="I'm Russian (song)">I'm Russian</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oyda_(song)" title="Oyda (song)">Oyda</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_Rise_Up!" title="Hey, Hey, Rise Up!">Hey, Hey, Rise Up!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mama_%C5%A0%C4%8C!" title="Mama ŠČ!">Mama ŠČ!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oi_u_luzi_chervona_kalyna" title="Oi u luzi chervona kalyna">Oi u luzi chervona kalyna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini!_(song)" title="Slava Ukraini! (song)">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stefania_(song)" title="Stefania (song)">Stefania</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ukraine_(song)" title="Ukraine (song)">Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crushed_(Imagine_Dragons_song)" title="Crushed (Imagine Dragons song)">Crushed</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_Days_in_Mariupol" title="20 Days in Mariupol">20 Days in Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rising_Fury" title="A Rising Fury">A Rising Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_Me_(documentary)" title="Follow Me (documentary)">Follow Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercepted_(film)" title="Intercepted (film)">Intercepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_at_War" title="Russians at War">Russians at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_in_the_Wound" title="Turn in the Wound">Turn in the Wound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukraine_on_Fire_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukraine on Fire 2 (page does not exist)">Ukraine on Fire 2</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96_2" class="extiw" title="uk:Україна в огні 2">uk</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon%2713" title="Babylon'13">Babylon'13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Cold_War" title="Back to the Cold War">Back to the Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borodianka_cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borodianka cat (page does not exist)">Borodianka cat</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Кішка з Бородянки">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Kyiv" title="Ghost of Kyiv">Ghost of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_watermelon" title="Kherson watermelon">Kherson watermelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovec_Region" title="Královec Region">Královec Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Kyiv" title="Madonna of Kyiv">Madonna of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAFO_(group)" title="NAFO (group)">North Atlantic Fella Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newspeak_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newspeak in Russia (page does not exist)">Newspeak in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Новояз в России">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" class="extiw" title="uk:Новомова в Росії">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_(dog)" title="Patron (dog)">Patron</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putler#After_2014" title="Putler">Putler</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putinversteher" title="Putinversteher">Putinversteher</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_of_Kherson" title="Raccoon of Kherson">Raccoon of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Javelin" title="Saint Javelin">Saint Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mariuburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Mariuburg (page does not exist)">Saint Mariuburg</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Санкт-Мариубург">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="uk:Санкт-Маріубург">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_maiolica_rooster" title="Vasylkiv maiolica rooster">Vasylkiv maiolica rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_table" title="Vladimir Putin's meeting table">Vladimir Putin's meeting table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_of_the_Brave" title="Walk of the Brave">Walk of the Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">"Z" military symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Key_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Key people</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speeches_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">speeches during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">visit to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United Kingdom">visit to the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_European_visits_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="May 2023 European visits by Volodymyr Zelenskyy">visits to Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Andriy Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Kireyev" title="Denys Kireyev">Denys Kireyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Monastyrsky" title="Denys Monastyrsky">Denys Monastyrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Prokopenko" title="Denys Prokopenko">Denys Prokopenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iryna_Venediktova" title="Iryna Venediktova">Iryna Venediktova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Oleschuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykola Oleschuk">Mykola Oleschuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Pavlyuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Pavlyuk">Oleksandr Pavlyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi" title="Oleksandr Syrskyi">Oleksandr Syrskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksii_Reznikov" title="Oleksii Reznikov">Oleksii Reznikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Danilov" title="Oleksiy Danilov">Oleksiy Danilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Neizhpapa" title="Oleksiy Neizhpapa">Oleksiy Neizhpapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khomchak" title="Ruslan Khomchak">Ruslan Khomchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustem_Umerov" title="Rustem Umerov">Rustem Umerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya" title="Sergiy Kyslytsya">Sergiy Kyslytsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Shaptala" title="Serhiy Shaptala">Serhiy Shaptala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhii_Sternenko" title="Serhii Sternenko">Serhii Sternenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi" title="Valerii Zaluzhnyi">Valerii Zaluzhnyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Moisiuk" title="Yevhen Moisiuk">Yevhen Moisiuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov" title="Aleksandr Dvornikov">Aleksandr Dvornikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lapin_(general)" title="Aleksandr Lapin (general)">Aleksandr Lapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Dyumin" title="Aleksey Dyumin">Aleksey Dyumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Nagin" title="Aleksey Nagin">Aleksey Nagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bortnikov" title="Alexander Bortnikov">Alexander Bortnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kolesnikov_(general)" title="Andrei Kolesnikov (general)">Andrei Kolesnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sychevoi" title="Andrei Sychevoi">Andrei Sychevoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Vorobyov" title="Andrey Vorobyov">Andrey Vorobyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zhidko" title="Gennady Zhidko">Gennady Zhidko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Kastyukevich" title="Igor Kastyukevich">Igor Kastyukevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_Popov" title="Ivan Ivanovich Popov">Ivan Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev" title="Nikolai Patrushev">Nikolai Patrushev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Salyukov" title="Oleg Salyukov">Oleg Salyukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsokov" title="Oleg Tsokov">Oleg Tsokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Berdnikov" title="Roman Berdnikov">Roman Berdnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Naryshkin" title="Sergey Naryshkin">Sergey Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin" title="Sergey Surovikin">Sergey Surovikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Ivanov" title="Timur Ivanov">Timur Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zolotov" title="Viktor Zolotov">Viktor Zolotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Gerasimov" title="Vitaly Gerasimov">Vitaly Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Gladkov" title="Vyacheslav Gladkov">Vyacheslav Gladkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic"><img alt="Donetsk People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic"><img alt="Luhansk People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2023 North Korea–Russia summit">2023 North Korea–Russia summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Korochansky_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash">2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Anti-Ukrainian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-225_Mriya" title="Antonov An-225 Mriya">Antonov An-225 Mriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Axis of Upheaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azovstal_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Azovstal Iron and Steel Works">Azovstal Iron 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tank">Turtle tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-24_(association)" title="U-24 (association)">U-24 association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis" title="Ukrainian conscription crisis">Ukrainian conscription crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Western_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of Western long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Western long-range weapons in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Airlines_Flight_1383" title="Ural Airlines Flight 1383">Ural Airlines Flight 1383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Aerospace_Forces_An-26_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian Aerospace Forces An-26 crash">Voronezh military aircraft crash</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Vladimir_Putin_Interview" class="mw-redirect" title="The Vladimir Putin Interview">The Vladimir Putin Interview</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Yeysk_military_aircraft_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Yeysk military aircraft crash">Yeysk military aircraft crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moldovan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations">Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Fumio_Kishida_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine">2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia" title="2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia">2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine">2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash" title="2023 Wagner Group plane crash">Wagner Group plane crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Hunka_scandal" title="Yaroslav Hunka scandal">Yaroslav Hunka scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Category:Russian invasion of Ukraine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Ukraine_footer" title="Template:Politics of Ukraine footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Ukraine_footer" title="Template talk:Politics of Ukraine footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Ukraine_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Ukraine footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Politics of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">Political system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vice_Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine">First Vice Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine">Vice Prime Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Ukraine" title="Judiciary of Ukraine">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budget_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budget of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="Political parties in Ukraine">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Factions_in_the_Verkhovna_Rada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Factions in the Verkhovna Rada (page does not exist)">Parliament factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Ukraine" title="Referendums in Ukraine">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Ukraine">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Government of Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fokin_government" title="Fokin government">Fokin government</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchma_government" title="Kuchma government">Kuchma government</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Masol_government" title="Second Masol government">Second Masol government</a> (1994–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchuk_government" title="Marchuk government">Marchuk government</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lazarenko_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lazarenko government (page does not exist)">Lazarenko government</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pustovoitenko_government" title="Pustovoitenko government">Pustovoitenko government</a> (1997–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushchenko_government" title="Yushchenko government">Yushchenko government</a> (1999–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinakh_government" title="Kinakh government">Kinakh government</a> (2001–02)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yanukovych_government" title="First Yanukovych government">First Yanukovych government</a> (2002–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Tymoshenko_government" title="First Tymoshenko government">First Tymoshenko government</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekhanurov_government" title="Yekhanurov government">Yekhanurov government</a> (2005–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yanukovych_government" title="Second Yanukovych government">Second Yanukovych government</a> (2006–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Tymoshenko_government" title="Second Tymoshenko government">Second Tymoshenko government</a> (2007–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Azarov_government" title="First Azarov government">First Azarov government</a> (2010–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Azarov_government" title="Second Azarov government">Second Azarov government</a> (2012–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">First Yatsenyuk government</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yatsenyuk_Government" title="Second Yatsenyuk Government">Second Yatsenyuk Government</a> (2014–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groysman_Government" title="Groysman Government">Groysman Government</a> (2016–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honcharuk_Government" title="Honcharuk Government">Honcharuk Government</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmyhal_Government" title="Shmyhal Government">Shmyhal Government</a> (2020–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="Declaration of Independence of Ukraine">Declaration of Independence</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Memorandum" title="Budapest Memorandum">Budapest Memorandum</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitution</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Scandal" title="Cassette Scandal">Cassette Scandal</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_without_Kuchma" title="Ukraine without Kuchma">Ukraine without Kuchma</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine#2004_and_2010_amendments" title="Constitution of Ukraine">Constitutional amendments</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2006 Ukrainian political crisis">Political crisis</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2007 Ukrainian political crisis">Political crisis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Ukrainian_political_crisis" title="2008 Ukrainian political crisis">Political crisis</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_cases_against_Yulia_Tymoshenko_since_2010" title="Criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko since 2010">Cases against Yulia Tymoshenko</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_cases_against_supporters_of_Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Criminal cases against supporters of Yulia Tymoshenko">against supporters</a> (2010)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_Resistance_Committee" title="Dictatorship Resistance Committee">Dictatorship Resistance Committee</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy_in_Ukraine" title="Language policy in Ukraine">Law on languages</a> (2012)</li> <li>2013–14 <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Annexation of Crimea by Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_(legislation)" title="Law of Ukraine (legislation)">Law of Ukraine (legislation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Ukraine" title="Corruption in Ukraine">Corruption in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_diaspora" title="Ukrainian diaspora">Ukrainian diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territorial_disputes_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Territorial_disputes_in_Europe" title="Template:Territorial disputes in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Territorial_disputes_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Territorial disputes in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Territorial_disputes_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Territorial disputes in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territorial_disputes_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">Territorial disputes</a> in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> <ul><li>Georgia</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <ul><li>Serbia</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> <ul><li>Cyprus</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> <ul><li>Georgia</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> <ul><li>Moldova</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crimea</a> <ul><li>Ukraine</li> <li>Russia</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Serbia_border_dispute" title="Croatia–Serbia border dispute">Croatia–Serbia border</a> <ul><li>Croatia</li> <li>Serbia</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Slovenia_border_disputes" title="Croatia–Slovenia border disputes">Croatia–Slovenia border</a> <ul><li>Croatia</li> <li>Slovenia</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gareja_monastery_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="David Gareja monastery complex">David Gareja monastery complex</a> <ul><li>Georgia</li> <li>Azerbaijan</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Gibraltar" title="Status of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> <ul><li>United Kingdom</li> <li>Spain</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivenza" title="Olivenza">Olivenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Jorge_de_Alor" title="San Jorge de Alor">San Jorge de Alor</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1liga" title="Táliga">Táliga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vila_Real_(Oliven%C3%A7a)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vila Real (Olivença)">Vila Real</a> <ul><li>Spain</li> <li>Portugal</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevlaka" title="Prevlaka">Prevlaka</a> <ul><li>Croatia</li> <li>Montenegro</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Islands</li><li>Waters</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean Sea</a> <ul><li>Greece</li> <li>Turkey</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlingford_Lough" title="Carlingford Lough">Carlingford Lough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lough_Foyle" title="Lough Foyle">Lough Foyle</a> <ul><li>Ireland</li> <li>United Kingdom</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockall" title="Rockall">Rockall</a> <ul><li>United 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