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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elimination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Elimination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elimination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Legal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-competitive_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-competitive_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Anti-competitive practices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-competitive_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-COVID-19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>COVID-19</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="هيدروكورتيزون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيدروكورتيزون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="هیدروکورتیزون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیدروکورتیزون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8" title="হাইড্রোকর্টিসোন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাইড্রোকর্টিসোন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocortisona" title="Hidrocortisona – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hidrocortisona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocortison" title="Hydrocortison – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hydrocortison" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocortisona" title="Hidrocortisona – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hidrocortisona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokortisona" title="Hidrokortisona – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hidrokortisona" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="هیدروکورتیزون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیدروکورتیزون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hydrocortisone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EC%BD%94%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0%EC%86%90" title="히드로코르티손 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히드로코르티손" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Հիդրոկորտիզոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիդրոկորտիզոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokortison" title="Hidrokortison – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidrokortison" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrocortisone" title="Idrocortisone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idrocortisone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokortizon" title="Hidrokortizon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hidrokortizon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrokortison" title="Hidrokortison – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hidrokortison" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocortison" title="Hydrocortison – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hydrocortison" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%82%BE%E3%83%B3" title="ヒドロコルチゾン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒドロコルチゾン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8" title="ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକର୍ଟିଜୋନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକର୍ଟିଜୋନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocortisona" title="Hidrocortisona – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hidrocortisona" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocortizon" title="Hidrocortizon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hidrocortizon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Гидрокортизон (лекарство) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидрокортизон (лекарство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hydrocortisone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హైడ్రోకొర్టిసోన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హైడ్రోకొర్టిసోన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99" title="ไฮโดรคอร์ติโซน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฮโดรคอร์ติโซน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гідрокортизон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гідрокортизон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hydrocortisone" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E7%BE%A5%E8%85%8E%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA%E7%9A%AE%E8%B3%AA%E7%B4%A0" title="氫羥腎上腺皮質素 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氫羥腎上腺皮質素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1269284339">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cortisol3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cortisol3.svg/225px-Cortisol3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cortisol3.svg/338px-Cortisol3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Cortisol3.svg/450px-Cortisol3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="dark_mode_safe" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cortisol-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cortisol-3D-balls.png/225px-Cortisol-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cortisol-3D-balls.png/338px-Cortisol-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cortisol-3D-balls.png/450px-Cortisol-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="655" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Cortef, others<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Cortisol; 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione; 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxyprogesterone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/hydrocortisone.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682206.html">a682206</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Hydrocortisone">Hydrocortisone</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> A<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous administration">intravenous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topical_medication" title="Topical medication">topical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rectal_administration" title="Rectal administration">rectal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_class" title="Drug class">Drug class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoid</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A01" title="ATC code A01">A01AC03</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A01AC03">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A07" title="ATC code A07">A07EA02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A07EA02">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C05" title="ATC code C05">C05AA01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C05AA01">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D07" title="ATC code D07">D07AA02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D07AA02">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D07" title="ATC code D07">D07XA01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D07XA01">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_H02" title="ATC code H02">H02AB09</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=H02AB09">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S01" title="ATC code S01">S01BA02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S01BA02">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S01" title="ATC code S01">S01CB03</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S01CB03">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S02" title="ATC code S02">S02BA01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S02BA01">WHO</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only) / S3 / S2</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only) / P / GSL</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug">OTC</a> / Rx-only<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anusol-acetate_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anusol-acetate-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="European Union">EU</abbr>:</small> OTC / Rx-only<sup id="cite_ref-Efmody_EPAR_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Efmody_EPAR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">Oral</a>: 96 ± 20%<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18611115_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18611115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">92 ± 2% (92–93%)<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18611115_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18611115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenases" class="mw-redirect" title="11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases"><abbr title="11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases">11β-HSDs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases</span>, others<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18611115_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18611115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">Metabolites</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">Cortisone</a>, others<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18611115_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18611115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Onset_of_action" title="Onset of action">Onset of action</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oral: 1.2 ± 0.4 hours (<a href="/wiki/Tmax_(pharmacology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tmax (pharmacology)">T<sub>max</sub></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.2–2.0 hours<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18611115_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18611115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacodynamics#Duration_of_action" title="Pharmacodynamics">Duration of action</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8–12 hours<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23947590_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23947590-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">(8<i>S</i>,9<i>S</i>,10<i>R</i>,11<i>S</i>,13<i>S</i>,14<i>S</i>,17<i>R</i>)-11,17-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>a</i>]phenanthren-3-one</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=50-23-7">50-23-7</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5754">5754</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00741">DB00741</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5551.html">5551</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/WI4X0X7BPJ">WI4X0X7BPJ</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00088">D00088</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00165">D00165</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:17650">CHEBI:17650</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL389621">ChEMBL389621</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>21</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>30</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>5</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002362466000000000♠"></span>362.466</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DC4%5CC%3DC2%2F%5BC%40%5D%28%5BC%40H%5D1%5BC%40%40H%5D%28O%29C%5BC%40%40%5D3%28%5BC%40%40%5D%28O%29%28C%28%3DO%29CO%29CC%5BC%40H%5D3%5BC%40%40H%5D1CC2%29C%29%28C%29CC4">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=C4\C=C2/[C@]([C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@]3([C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)(C)CC4</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C21H30O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=464366483&page2=Hydrocortisone">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hydrocortisone</b> is the name for the hormone <a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">cortisol</a> when supplied as a medication.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroid</a> and works as an <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressant" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunosuppressant">immune suppression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uses include conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Adrenocortical_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrenocortical insufficiency">adrenocortical insufficiency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adrenogenital_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrenogenital syndrome">adrenogenital syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypercalcemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypercalcemia">high blood calcium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyroiditis" title="Thyroiditis">thyroiditis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dermatitis" title="Dermatitis">dermatitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COPD" class="mw-redirect" title="COPD">COPD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the treatment of choice for adrenocortical insufficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-Ric2015_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ric2015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be given <a href="/wiki/By_mouth" class="mw-redirect" title="By mouth">by mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topically" class="mw-redirect" title="Topically">topically</a>, or by <a href="/wiki/Injection_(medicine)" title="Injection (medicine)">injection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stopping treatment after long-term use should be done slowly.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Side effects may include mood changes, increased risk of <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infection</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">edema</a> (swelling).<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With long-term use, common side effects include <a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upset_stomach" class="mw-redirect" title="Upset stomach">upset stomach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_weakness" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical weakness">physical weakness</a>, easy <a href="/wiki/Bruising" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruising">bruising</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Candidiasis" title="Candidiasis">candidiasis</a> (yeast infections).<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear if it is safe for use during <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hydrocortisone was patented in 1936 and approved for medical use in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fis2006_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fis2006-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medication">generic medication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, it was the 202nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>million prescriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-Top_300_of_2022_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Top_300_of_2022-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrocortisone is the pharmaceutical term for cortisol used in <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">oral administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous injection">intravenous injection</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Topical_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical application">topical application</a>. It is used as an <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug" title="Immunosuppressive drug">immunosuppressive drug</a>, given by <a href="/wiki/Injection_(medicine)" title="Injection (medicine)">injection</a> in the treatment of severe <a href="/wiki/Allergic_reactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Allergic reactions">allergic reactions</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angioedema" title="Angioedema">angioedema</a>, in place of <a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">prednisolone</a> in patients needing steroid treatment but unable to take oral medication, and perioperatively in patients on long-term steroid treatment to prevent an <a href="/wiki/Adrenal_crisis" title="Adrenal crisis">adrenal crisis</a>. It may also be injected into inflamed joints resulting from diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It may be used topically for allergic <a href="/wiki/Rash" title="Rash">rashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eczema" class="mw-redirect" title="Eczema">eczema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itching" class="mw-redirect" title="Itching">itching</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammatory</a> skin conditions. <a href="/wiki/Topical_hydrocortisone" title="Topical hydrocortisone">Topical hydrocortisone</a> creams and ointments are available in most countries without prescription in strengths ranging from 0.05% to 2.5% (depending on local regulations) with stronger forms available by prescription only.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It may also be used rectally in suppositories to relieve the <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">swelling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itch" title="Itch">itch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irritation" title="Irritation">irritation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haemorrhoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemorrhoids">hemorrhoids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-anusol-acetate_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anusol-acetate-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It may be used as an acetate form (<a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone_acetate" title="Hydrocortisone acetate">hydrocortisone acetate</a>), which has slightly different pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.<sup id="cite_ref-anusol-acetate_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anusol-acetate-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18345402_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18345402-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cortisol_for_injection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cortisol for injection"><img alt="Cortisol for injection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cortisol_for_injection.jpg/86px-Cortisol_for_injection.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cortisol_for_injection.jpg/129px-Cortisol_for_injection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cortisol_for_injection.jpg/172px-Cortisol_for_injection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2610" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cortisol for injection</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tube_of_hydrocortisone_cream.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A tube of hydrocortisone cream, purchased over-the-counter"><img alt="A tube of hydrocortisone cream, purchased over-the-counter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tube_of_hydrocortisone_cream.jpg/120px-Tube_of_hydrocortisone_cream.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tube_of_hydrocortisone_cream.jpg/180px-Tube_of_hydrocortisone_cream.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tube_of_hydrocortisone_cream.jpg/240px-Tube_of_hydrocortisone_cream.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A tube of hydrocortisone cream, purchased <a href="/wiki/Over_the_counter" class="mw-redirect" title="Over the counter">over-the-counter</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydrocortisone_Cortef_10_mg_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hydrocortisone 10 mg oral tablets (depicted a package for Russian market)"><img alt="Hydrocortisone 10 mg oral tablets (depicted a package for Russian market)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hydrocortisone_Cortef_10_mg_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg/74px-Hydrocortisone_Cortef_10_mg_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hydrocortisone_Cortef_10_mg_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg/111px-Hydrocortisone_Cortef_10_mg_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hydrocortisone_Cortef_10_mg_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg/148px-Hydrocortisone_Cortef_10_mg_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="1412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hydrocortisone 10 mg oral tablets (depicted a package for Russian market)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacodynamics">Pharmacodynamics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pharmacodynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrocortisone is a <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroid</a>, acting specifically as both a <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoid</a> and as a <a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">mineralocorticoid</a>. That is, it is an <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonist</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">glucocorticoid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">mineralocorticoid receptors</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Hydrocortisone has low <a href="/wiki/Potency_(pharmacology)" title="Potency (pharmacology)">potency</a> relative to <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">synthetic</a> corticosteroids.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23947590_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23947590-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to hydrocortisone, <a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">prednisolone</a> is about 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>times as <a href="/wiki/Potency_(pharmacology)" title="Potency (pharmacology)">potent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">dexamethasone</a> about 40<span class="nowrap"> </span>times as potent in terms of <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Dexamethasone_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dexamethasone-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prednisolone can also be used as cortisol replacement, and at replacement dose levels (rather than anti-inflammatory levels), prednisolone is about 8<span class="nowrap"> </span>times more potent than cortisol.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The equivalent doses and relative potencies of hydrocortisone compared to various other synthetic corticosteroids have also been reviewed and summarized.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23947590_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23947590-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">endogenous</a> <a href="/wiki/Production_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Production rate">production rate</a> of cortisol is approximately 5.7 to 9.9<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg/m<sup>2</sup> per day, which corresponds to an oral hydrocortisone dose of approximately 15 to 20<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg/day (for a 70-kg person).<sup id="cite_ref-Arvat_Falorni_2016_p._1-PA61_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arvat_Falorni_2016_p._1-PA61-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GhizzoniCappaChrousos2011_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GhizzoniCappaChrousos2011-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One review described daily cortisol production of 10<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg in healthy volunteers and reported that daily cortisol production could increase up to 400<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg in conditions of severe <a href="/wiki/Stress_(biology)" title="Stress (biology)">stress</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The total and/or free concentrations of cortisol/hydrocortisone required for various glucocorticoid effects have been determined.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Absorption">Absorption</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Absorption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">bioavailability</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">oral</a> hydrocortisone is about 96% ± 20% (<a href="/wiki/Standard_Deviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Deviation">SD</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18611115_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18611115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pharmacokinetics of hydrocortisone are non-linear.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cmax_(pharmacology)" title="Cmax (pharmacology)">peak level</a> of oral hydrocortisone is 15.3 ± 2.9 (SD) μg/L per 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg dose.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tmax_(pharmacology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tmax (pharmacology)">time to peak concentrations</a> of oral hydrocortisone is 1.2 ± 0.4 (SD) hours.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Topical_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical administration">topical</a> <a href="/wiki/Percutaneous" title="Percutaneous">percutaneous</a> <a href="/wiki/Absorption_(pharmacokinetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Absorption (pharmacokinetics)">absorption</a> of hydrocortisone varies widely depending on experimental circumstances and has been reported to range from 0.5 to 14.9% in different studies.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8299376_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8299376-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some skin application sites, like the <a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">scrotum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">vulva</a>, absorb hydrocortisone much more efficiently than other application sites, like the <a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">forearm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8299376_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8299376-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid32643443_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32643443-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WesterMaibach2021_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WesterMaibach2021-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one study, the amount of hydrocortisone absorbed ranged from 0.2% to 36.2% depending on the application site, with the ball of the foot having the lowest absorption and the scrotum having the highest absorption.<sup id="cite_ref-WesterMaibach2021_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WesterMaibach2021-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The absorption of hydrocortisone by the vulva has ranged from 4.4 to 8.1%, relative to 1.3 to 2.8% for the arm, in different studies and subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-WesterMaibach2021_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WesterMaibach2021-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7406539_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7406539-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid8746334_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8746334-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Distribution">Distribution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most cortisol in the blood (all but about 4%) is <a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">bound to proteins</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Transcortin" title="Transcortin">corticosteroid binding globulin</a> (CBG) and <a href="/wiki/Serum_albumin" title="Serum albumin">serum albumin</a>. A pharmacokinetic review stated that 92% ± 2% (SD) (92–93%) of hydrocortisone is plasma protein-bound.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Free cortisol passes easily through cellular membranes.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside cells it interacts with <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid_receptor" title="Corticosteroid receptor">corticosteroid receptors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-4377-1753-5_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-4377-1753-5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metabolism">Metabolism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Metabolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrocortisone is <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolized</a> by <a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase" class="mw-redirect" title="11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase">11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases</a> (11β-HSDs) into <a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">cortisone</a>, an inactive <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18611115_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18611115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is additionally <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="5α-reductase">5α-</a>, <a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="5β-reductase">5β-</a>, and <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase" class="mw-redirect" title="3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase">3α-reduced</a> into <a href="/wiki/Dihydrocortisol" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydrocortisol">dihydrocortisols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dihydrocortisone" title="Dihydrocortisone">dihydrocortisones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocortisol" title="Tetrahydrocortisol">tetrahydrocortisols</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocortisone" title="Tetrahydrocortisone">tetrahydrocortisones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid33418075_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33418075-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18611115_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18611115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elimination">Elimination</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Elimination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Elimination_half-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Elimination half-life">elimination half-life</a> of hydrocortisone ranges from about 1.2 to 2.0 (SD) hours, with an average of around 1.5<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours, regardless of <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">oral</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Parenteral_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Parenteral administration">parenteral administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18611115_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18611115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Duration_of_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Duration of action">duration of action</a> of <a href="/wiki/Systemic_administration" title="Systemic administration">systemic</a> hydrocortisone has been listed as 8 to 12<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23947590_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23947590-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroids" title="List of corticosteroids">List of corticosteroids</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Hydrocortisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">List of corticosteroid esters § Hydrocortisone esters</a></div> <p>Hydrocortisone, also known as 11β,17α,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a <a href="/wiki/Natural_product" title="Natural product">naturally occurring</a> <a href="/wiki/Pregnane" title="Pregnane">pregnane</a> <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elks2014_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2000_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2000-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A variety of <a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone_ester" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrocortisone ester">hydrocortisone esters</a> exist and have been marketed for medical use.<sup id="cite_ref-Elks2014_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elks2014-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2000_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2000-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Medicinal_Products_for_Human_Use" title="Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use">Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use</a> (CHMP) of the <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Efmody, intended for the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in people aged twelve years and older.<sup id="cite_ref-Efmody:_Pending_EC_decision_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Efmody:_Pending_EC_decision-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The applicant for this medicinal product is Diurnal Europe BV.<sup id="cite_ref-Efmody:_Pending_EC_decision_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Efmody:_Pending_EC_decision-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hydrocortisone (Efmody) was approved for medical use in the European Union, in May 2021, for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia" title="Congenital adrenal hyperplasia">congenital adrenal hyperplasia</a> (CAH) in people aged twelve years and older.<sup id="cite_ref-Efmody_EPAR_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Efmody_EPAR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-competitive_practices">Anti-competitive practices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anti-competitive practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK, the <a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">Competition and Markets Authority</a> (CMA) concluded an investigation into the supply of hydrocortisone tablets, finding that from October 2008 onwards, drug suppliers Auden McKenzie and <a href="/wiki/Actavis_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Actavis plc">Actavis plc</a> had charged "excessive and unfair prices" for 10mg and 20mg tablets and entered into agreements with potential competitors, paying companies who agreed not to enter the hydrocortisone market and enabling Auden McKenzie and Actavis to supply the drugs as "<a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">generic</a>" rather than branded products and thereby escape price controls until eventually other companies entered the market. Auden and Actavis overcharged the UK's <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> for over ten years. Fines totalling over £255m were levied against the companies involved in this breach of <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">competition law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19">COVID-19</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: COVID-19"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrocortisone was found to be effective in reducing mortality rate of critically ill <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> patients when compared to other usual care or a placebo.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocortisone&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/hydrocortisone.html">"Hydrocortisone"</a>. <i>Drugs.com</i>. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 9 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920063137/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/hydrocortisone.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Hydrocortisone&rft.date=2015-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Fhydrocortisone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database">"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_Goods_Administration" title="Therapeutic Goods Administration">Therapeutic Goods Administration</a> (TGA)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220210434/https://www.tga.gov.au/prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Therapeutic+Goods+Administration+%28TGA%29&rft.atitle=Prescribing+medicines+in+pregnancy+database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fprescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/archives.federalregister.gov/issue_slice/1991/8/30/43023-43026.pdf#page=3">"Hydrocortisone Notice of enforcement policy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. FDA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230312130747/https://s3.amazonaws.com/archives.federalregister.gov/issue_slice/1991/8/30/43023-43026.pdf#page=3">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hydrocortisone+Notice+of+enforcement+policy&rft.pub=FDA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Farchives.federalregister.gov%2Fissue_slice%2F1991%2F8%2F30%2F43023-43026.pdf%23page%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=de000081-a245-4f6b-9e7c-e47d84b82338">"Ala-cort- hydrocortisone cream"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027063841/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=de000081-a245-4f6b-9e7c-e47d84b82338">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Ala-cort-+hydrocortisone+cream&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3Dde000081-a245-4f6b-9e7c-e47d84b82338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ecba1d44-33a9-44d7-ad06-13ada2375c72">"Ala-scalp- hydrocortisone lotion"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421014247/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ecba1d44-33a9-44d7-ad06-13ada2375c72">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Ala-scalp-+hydrocortisone+lotion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3Decba1d44-33a9-44d7-ad06-13ada2375c72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=26c13a5f-7119-4c6a-bf10-fda4e07d7682">"Alkindi Sprinkle- hydrocortisone granule"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210170834/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=26c13a5f-7119-4c6a-bf10-fda4e07d7682">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Alkindi+Sprinkle-+hydrocortisone+granule&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D26c13a5f-7119-4c6a-bf10-fda4e07d7682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anusol-acetate-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anusol-acetate_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anusol-acetate_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anusol-acetate_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a562f3d7-2692-4357-aade-ae50afcbfddd">"Anusol HC- hydrocortisone acetate suppository"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210170835/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a562f3d7-2692-4357-aade-ae50afcbfddd">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Anusol+HC-+hydrocortisone+acetate+suppository&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3Da562f3d7-2692-4357-aade-ae50afcbfddd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9ce19944-dd88-4a7b-84ca-b07f4ec23bad">"Cortef- hydrocortisone tablet"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417030800/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9ce19944-dd88-4a7b-84ca-b07f4ec23bad">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Cortef-+hydrocortisone+tablet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D9ce19944-dd88-4a7b-84ca-b07f4ec23bad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Efmody_EPAR-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Efmody_EPAR_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Efmody_EPAR_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/efmody">"Efmody EPAR"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA)</i>. 24 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614223631/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/efmody">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Medicines+Agency+%28EMA%29&rft.atitle=Efmody+EPAR&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fmedicines%2Fhuman%2FEPAR%2Fefmody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span> Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h1549.htm">"Efmody Product information"</a>. <i>Union Register of medicinal products</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305042206/https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h1549.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Union+Register+of+medicinal+products&rft.atitle=Efmody+Product+information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fhealth%2Fdocuments%2Fcommunity-register%2Fhtml%2Fh1549.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15634032-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15634032_11-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzockKellerRascheHäussler2005" class="citation journal cs1">Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Häussler U (2005). 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(August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3765115">"A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy"</a>. <i>Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1710-1492-9-30">10.1186/1710-1492-9-30</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3765115">3765115</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23947590">23947590</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Allergy+Asthma+Clin+Immunol&rft.atitle=A+practical+guide+to+the+monitoring+and+management+of+the+complications+of+systemic+corticosteroid+therapy&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=30&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3765115%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23947590&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1710-1492-9-30&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Ahmet%2C+A&rft.au=Ward%2C+L&rft.au=Krishnamoorthy%2C+P&rft.au=Mandelcorn%2C+ED&rft.au=Leigh%2C+R&rft.au=Brown%2C+JP&rft.au=Cohen%2C+A&rft.au=Kim%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3765115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2001" class="citation book cs1">Becker KL (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FVfzRvaucq8C&pg=PA762"><i>Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism</i></a>. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 762. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-1750-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-1750-2"><bdi>978-0-7817-1750-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914013845/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FVfzRvaucq8C&pg=PA762">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+and+Practice+of+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.pages=762&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7817-1750-2&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=KL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVfzRvaucq8C%26pg%3DPA762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ric2015-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ric2015_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2015" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton R (2015). <i>Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition</i>. 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John Wiley & Sons. p. 484. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-527-60749-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-527-60749-5"><bdi>978-3-527-60749-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110032528/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA484">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analogue-based+Drug+Discovery&rft.pages=484&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-527-60749-5&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Ganellin%2C+CR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFjKfqkaKkAAC%26pg%3DPA484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO21st-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO21st_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2019). <i>World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ClinCalc&rft.atitle=The+Top+300+of+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclincalc.com%2FDrugStats%2FTop300Drugs.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Hydrocortisone">"Hydrocortisone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022"</a>. <i>ClinCalc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Effects of anatomical location on <i>in vivo</i> percutaneous penetration in man". <i>Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology</i>. <b>39</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">213–</span>222. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15569527.2020.1787434">10.1080/15569527.2020.1787434</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32643443">32643443</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220439810">220439810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+anatomical+location+on+in+vivo+percutaneous+penetration+in+man&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E213-%3C%2Fspan%3E222&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220439810%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32643443&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15569527.2020.1787434&rft.aulast=Bormann&rft.aufirst=JL&rft.au=Maibach%2C+HI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WesterMaibach2021-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WesterMaibach2021_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WesterMaibach2021_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WesterMaibach2021_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWesterMaibach2021" class="citation book cs1">Wester RC, Maibach HI (8 June 2021). 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"Human percutaneous penetration of hydrocortisone: the vulva". <i>Archives of Dermatological Research</i>. <b>267</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">313–</span>316. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00403852">10.1007/BF00403852</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7406539">7406539</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33367289">33367289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Dermatological+Research&rft.atitle=Human+percutaneous+penetration+of+hydrocortisone%3A+the+vulva&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E313-%3C%2Fspan%3E316&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33367289%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7406539&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00403852&rft.aulast=Britz&rft.aufirst=MB&rft.au=Maibach%2C+HI&rft.au=Anjo%2C+DM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid8746334-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid8746334_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOribaBucksMaibach1996" class="citation journal cs1">Oriba HA, Bucks DA, Maibach HI (February 1996). "Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone and testosterone on the vulva and forearm: effect of the menopause and site". <i>The British Journal of Dermatology</i>. <b>134</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">229–</span>233. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2133.1996.tb07606.x">10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07606.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8746334">8746334</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30076779">30076779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Percutaneous+absorption+of+hydrocortisone+and+testosterone+on+the+vulva+and+forearm%3A+effect+of+the+menopause+and+site&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E233&rft.date=1996-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A30076779%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8746334&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2133.1996.tb07606.x&rft.aulast=Oriba&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.au=Bucks%2C+DA&rft.au=Maibach%2C+HI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharmandariJohnstonBrookHindmarsh2001" class="citation journal cs1">Charmandari E, Johnston A, Brook CG, Hindmarsh PC (April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1677%2Fjoe.0.1690065">"Bioavailability of oral hydrocortisone in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency"</a>. <i>The Journal of Endocrinology</i>. <b>169</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">65–</span>70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1677%2Fjoe.0.1690065">10.1677/joe.0.1690065</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11250647">11250647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Endocrinology&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+of+oral+hydrocortisone+in+patients+with+congenital+adrenal+hyperplasia+due+to+21-hydroxylase+deficiency&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.date=2001-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1677%2Fjoe.0.1690065&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11250647&rft.aulast=Charmandari&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Johnston%2C+A&rft.au=Brook%2C+CG&rft.au=Hindmarsh%2C+PC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1677%252Fjoe.0.1690065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn1-4377-1753-5-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-4377-1753-5_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoronBoulpaep2011" class="citation book cs1">Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2011). <i>Medical Physiology</i> (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-1753-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-1753-2"><bdi>978-1-4377-1753-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+Physiology&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4377-1753-2&rft.aulast=Boron&rft.aufirst=WF&rft.au=Boulpaep%2C+EL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid33418075-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid33418075_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikolaouHodsonTomlinson2021" class="citation journal cs1">Nikolaou N, Hodson L, Tomlinson JW (March 2021). 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Springer. p. 316. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4757-2085-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4757-2085-3"><bdi>978-1-4757-2085-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213347/https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA316">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Drugs%3A+Chemical+Data%3A+Chemical+Data%2C+Structures+and+Bibliographies&rft.pages=316&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft.isbn=978-1-4757-2085-3&rft.aulast=Elks&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0vXTBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndexNominum2000-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2000_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2000_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA524"><i>Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory</i></a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/summaries-opinion/efmody">the original</a> on 4 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Medicines+Agency+%28EMA%29&rft.atitle=Efmody%3A+Pending+EC+decision&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fmedicines%2Fhuman%2Fsummaries-opinion%2Fefmody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHydrocortisone" class="Z3988"></span> Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_Government_Licence" title="Open Government Licence"><img alt="This article contains OGL licensed text" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg/22px-UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg/33px-UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg/44px-UKOpenGovernmentLicence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> This article incorporates text published under the British <a href="/wiki/Open_Government_Licence" title="Open Government Licence">Open Government Licence</a>: Competition and Markets Authority, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/624597bbe90e075f0b5a3da4/Case_50277_Decision.pdf">Decision: Hydrocortisone tablets. Excessive and unfair pricing and Anti-competitive agreements</a>, published 31 March 2022, accessed 1 June 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterneMurthyDiazSlutsky2020" class="citation journal cs1">Sterne JA, Murthy S, Diaz JV, Slutsky AS, Villar J, Angus DC, et al. 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href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32876694">32876694</a>.</cite><span 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style="width:1%">Intestinal anti-infectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antibacterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibacterial">Antibiotics</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphotericin_B" title="Amphotericin B">Amphotericin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colistin" title="Colistin">Colistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidaxomicin" title="Fidaxomicin">Fidaxomicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanamycin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanamycin">Kanamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natamycin" title="Natamycin">Natamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin">Neomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nystatin" title="Nystatin">Nystatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paromomycin_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Paromomycin sulfate">Paromomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymyxin_B" title="Polymyxin B">Polymyxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaximin" title="Rifaximin">Rifaximin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin">Streptomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancomycin" title="Vancomycin">Vancomycin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulfonamide_(medicine)" title="Sulfonamide (medicine)">Sulfonamides</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phthalylsulfathiazole" title="Phthalylsulfathiazole">Phthalylsulfathiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succinylsulfathiazole" title="Succinylsulfathiazole">Succinylsulfathiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfaguanidine" title="Sulfaguanidine">Sulfaguanidine</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitrofuran" title="Nitrofuran">Nitrofuran</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nifuroxazide" title="Nifuroxazide">Nifuroxazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifurzide" title="Nifurzide">Nifurzide</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Imidazole" title="Imidazole">Imidazole</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsenical" title="Arsenical">Arsenical</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetarsol" title="Acetarsol">Acetarsol</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/8-Hydroxyquinoline" title="8-Hydroxyquinoline">Oxyquinoline</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broxyquinoline" title="Broxyquinoline">Broxyquinoline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intestinal <a href="/wiki/Adsorbent" class="mw-redirect" title="Adsorbent">adsorbents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">Charcoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate" title="Bismuth subsalicylate">bismuth subsalicylate</a>, known as Pepto-Bismol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">Pectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyvinylpyrrolidone" title="Polyvinylpyrrolidone">Crospovidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palygorskite" title="Palygorskite">Attapulgite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmectite" title="Diosmectite">Diosmectite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antipropulsive" title="Antipropulsive">Antipropulsives</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioids</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laudanum" title="Laudanum">Opium tincture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laudanum" title="Laudanum">laudanum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paregoric" title="Paregoric">Camphorated opium tincture</a> (paregoric)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>crosses <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">BBB</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Diphenoxylate" title="Diphenoxylate">Diphenoxylate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atropine/diphenoxylate" title="Atropine/diphenoxylate">+atropine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difenoxin" title="Difenoxin">Difenoxin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>does not cross BBB:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eluxadoline" title="Eluxadoline">Eluxadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">Loperamide</a><sup>#</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Loperamide/simethicone" title="Loperamide/simethicone">+simethicone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intestinal anti-inflammatory agents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroids</a> acting locally</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol" title="Tixocortol">Tixocortol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone_dipropionate" class="mw-redirect" title="Beclometasone dipropionate">Beclometasone</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiallergic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiallergic">antiallergic</a> agents, excluding corticosteroids</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid" title="Cromoglicic acid">Cromoglicic acid</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aminosalicylate" title="Aminosalicylate">Aminosalicylates</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfasalazine" title="Sulfasalazine">Sulfasalazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesalazine" title="Mesalazine">Mesalazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olsalazine" title="Olsalazine">Olsalazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsalazide" title="Balsalazide">Balsalazide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antidiarrheal micro-organisms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_boulardii" title="Saccharomyces boulardii">Saccharomyces boulardii</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other antidiarrheals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albumin_tannate" title="Albumin tannate">Albumin tannate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate" title="Bismuth subsalicylate">Bismuth subsalicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carob" title="Carob">Ceratonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crofelemer" title="Crofelemer">Crofelemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octreotide" title="Octreotide">Octreotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racecadotril" title="Racecadotril">Racecadotril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaopectate" title="Kaopectate">Kaopectate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vasoprotectives_(C05)142" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vasoprotectives" title="Template:Vasoprotectives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vasoprotectives" title="Template talk:Vasoprotectives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vasoprotectives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vasoprotectives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vasoprotectives_(C05)142" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vasoprotective" title="Vasoprotective">Vasoprotectives</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C05" title="ATC code C05">C05</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemorrhoid" title="Hemorrhoid">Antihemorrhoidals</a> for topical use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroids</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortolone" title="Fluocortolone">Fluocortolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone_acetonide" title="Fluocinolone acetonide">Fluocinolone acetonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinonide" title="Fluocinonide">Fluocinonide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Local_anesthetic" title="Local anesthetic">local anesthetics</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">Lidocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracaine" title="Tetracaine">Tetracaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzocaine" title="Benzocaine">Benzocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinchocaine" title="Cinchocaine">Dibucaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procaine" title="Procaine">Procaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxetacaine" title="Oxetacaine">Oxetacaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramocaine" title="Pramocaine">Pramocaine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i>other</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribenoside" title="Tribenoside">Tribenoside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antivaricose" class="mw-redirect" title="Antivaricose">Antivaricose</a> therapy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">heparins</a> or <a href="/wiki/Heparinoid" title="Heparinoid">heparinoids</a> for topical use</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heparinoid" title="Heparinoid">Organo-heparinoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_apolate" title="Sodium apolate">Sodium apolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">Heparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentosan_polysulfate" title="Pentosan polysulfate">Pentosan polysulfate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i>sclerosing agents for local injection</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monoethanolamine_oleate" title="Monoethanolamine oleate">Monoethanolamine oleate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polidocanol" title="Polidocanol">Polidocanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_sugar_syrup" title="Inverted sugar syrup">Inverted sugar syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tetradecyl_sulfate" title="Sodium tetradecyl sulfate">Sodium tetradecyl sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">Phenol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i>other</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_dobesilate" title="Calcium dobesilate">Calcium dobesilate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capillary stabilising agents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">bioflavonoids</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rutin" title="Rutin">Rutoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoxerutin" title="Monoxerutin">Monoxerutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmin" title="Diosmin">Diosmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troxerutin" title="Troxerutin">Troxerutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrosmin" title="Hidrosmin">Hidrosmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><i>other</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribenoside" title="Tribenoside">Tribenoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etamsylate" title="Etamsylate">Etamsylate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Glucocorticoids_and_antiglucocorticoids_(D07,_H02)183" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Glucocorticoids_and_antiglucocorticoids" title="Template:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Glucocorticoids_and_antiglucocorticoids" title="Template talk:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Glucocorticoids_and_antiglucocorticoids" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Glucocorticoids_and_antiglucocorticoids_(D07,_H02)183" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antiglucocorticoid" title="Antiglucocorticoid">antiglucocorticoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D07" title="ATC code D07">D07</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_H02" title="ATC code H02">H02</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_product" title="Natural product">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">Cortisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone_acetate" title="Cortisone acetate">Cortisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortodoxone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortodoxone">Cortodoxone (cortexolone, 11-deoxycortisol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoxycortone" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxycortone">Desoxycortone (deoxycortone, cortexone, 11-deoxycorticosterone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Desoxycortone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Desoxycortone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hydrocortisone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">cortisol</a>)<sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Hydrocortisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Hydrocortisone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone_aceponate" title="Hydrocortisone aceponate">Hydrocortisone aceponate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prebediolone_acetate" title="Prebediolone acetate">Prebediolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_acetate" title="Pregnenolone acetate">Pregnenolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_succinate" title="Pregnenolone succinate">Pregnenolone succinate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">Synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Cortisol-like and related (16-unsubstituted):</i> <a href="/wiki/Chloroprednisone" title="Chloroprednisone">Chloroprednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloprednol" title="Cloprednol">Cloprednol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difluprednate" title="Difluprednate">Difluprednate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone" title="Fludrocortisone">Fludrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugestone_acetate" title="Flugestone acetate">Flugestone acetate (flurogestone acetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone" title="Fluocinolone">Fluocinolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone_acetate" title="Fluorometholone acetate">Fluorometholone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluperolone" title="Fluperolone">Fluperolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluperolone_acetate" title="Fluperolone acetate">Fluperolone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednisolone" title="Fluprednisolone">Fluprednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Fluprednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Fluprednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loteprednol" title="Loteprednol">Loteprednol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loteprednol/tobramycin" title="Loteprednol/tobramycin">+tobramycin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrysone" title="Medrysone">Medrysone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">Methylprednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Methylprednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Methylprednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone_aceponate" title="Methylprednisolone aceponate">Methylprednisolone aceponate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednicarbate" title="Prednicarbate">Prednicarbate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol" title="Tixocortol">Tixocortol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol_pivalate" title="Tixocortol pivalate">Tixocortol pivalate</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Methasones and related (16-substituted):</i> <a href="/wiki/Alclometasone" title="Alclometasone">Alclometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone" title="Beclometasone">Beclometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Beclometasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Beclometasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Betamethasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Betamethasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasol" title="Clobetasol">Clobetasol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasol_propionate" title="Clobetasol propionate">Clobetasol propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasone" title="Clobetasone">Clobetasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocortolone" title="Clocortolone">Clocortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Clocortolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Clocortolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortivazol" title="Cortivazol">Cortivazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoximetasone" title="Desoximetasone">Desoximetasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Dexamethasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Dexamethasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflorasone" title="Diflorasone">Diflorasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflucortolone" title="Diflucortolone">Diflucortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diflucortolone_valerate" title="Diflucortolone valerate">Diflucortolone valerate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluclorolone" title="Fluclorolone">Fluclorolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumetasone" title="Flumetasone">Flumetasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortin" title="Fluocortin">Fluocortin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortolone" title="Fluocortolone">Fluocortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Fluocortolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Fluocortolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednidene_acetate" title="Fluprednidene acetate">Fluprednidene acetate</a></li> <li>Fluticasone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate" title="Fluticasone furoate">Fluticasone furoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate" title="Fluticasone propionate">Fluticasone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halometasone" title="Halometasone">Halometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meprednisone" title="Meprednisone">Meprednisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone" title="Mometasone">Mometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone_furoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mometasone furoate">Mometasone furoate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramethasone" title="Paramethasone">Paramethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednylidene" title="Prednylidene">Prednylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimexolone" title="Rimexolone">Rimexolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone" title="Triamcinolone">Triamcinolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulobetasol" title="Ulobetasol">Ulobetasol (halobetasol)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cyclic ketals (16,17-cyclized):</i> <a href="/wiki/Amcinonide" title="Amcinonide">Amcinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclesonide" title="Ciclesonide">Ciclesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflazacort" title="Deflazacort">Deflazacort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desonide" title="Desonide">Desonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluclorolone_acetonide" title="Fluclorolone acetonide">Fluclorolone acetonide (flucloronide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludroxycortide" title="Fludroxycortide">Fludroxycortide (flurandrenolone, flurandrenolide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunisolide" title="Flunisolide">Flunisolide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone_acetonide" title="Fluocinolone acetonide">Fluocinolone acetonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinonide" title="Fluocinonide">Fluocinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formocortal" title="Formocortal">Formocortal (fluoroformylone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcinonide" title="Halcinonide">Halcinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_acetonide" title="Triamcinolone acetonide">Triamcinolone acetonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Triamcinolone_acetonide_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Triamcinolone acetonide esters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antiglucocorticoid" title="Antiglucocorticoid">Antiglucocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aglepristone" title="Aglepristone">Aglepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulipristal_acetate" title="Ulipristal acetate">Ulipristal acetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Steroidogenesis_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroidogenesis modulator">Synthesis modifiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetoxolone" title="Acetoxolone">Acetoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoglutethimide" title="Aminoglutethimide">Aminoglutethimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbenoxolone" title="Carbenoxolone">Carbenoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoxolone" title="Enoxolone">Enoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metyrapone" title="Metyrapone">Metyrapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitotane" title="Mitotane">Mitotane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilostane" title="Trilostane">Trilostane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Glucocorticoid receptor modulators">Glucocorticoid receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mineralocorticoids_and_antimineralocorticoids" title="Template:Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids">Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroids" title="List of corticosteroids">List of corticosteroids</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mineralocorticoids_and_antimineralocorticoids_(H02)143" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Corticosteroids" title="Template:Corticosteroids"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Corticosteroids" title="Template talk:Corticosteroids"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corticosteroids" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Corticosteroids"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mineralocorticoids_and_antimineralocorticoids_(H02)143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antimineralocorticoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimineralocorticoid">antimineralocorticoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_H02" title="ATC code H02">H02</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycorticosterone (desoxycortone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycortisol" title="11-Deoxycortisol">11-Deoxycortisol (cortodoxone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">Aldosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Cortisol (hydrocortisone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoxycortone_acetate" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxycortone acetate">Desoxycortone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desoxycortone_enanthate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desoxycortone enanthate (page does not exist)">Desoxycortone enanthate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone" title="Fludrocortisone">Fludrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone_acetate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fludrocortisone acetate">Fludrocortisone acetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Antimineralocorticoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimineralocorticoid">Antimineralocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">Amlodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidipine" title="Benidipine">Benidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_canrenoate" title="Potassium canrenoate">Canrenoate potassium (potassium canrenoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canrenoic_acid" title="Canrenoic acid">Canrenoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canrenone" title="Canrenone">Canrenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drospirenone" title="Drospirenone">Drospirenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eplerenone" title="Eplerenone">Eplerenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felodipine" title="Felodipine">Felodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finerenone" title="Finerenone">Finerenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestodene" title="Gestodene">Gestodene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">Nifedipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimodipine" title="Nimodipine">Nimodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrendipine" title="Nitrendipine">Nitrendipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Synthesis modifiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetoxolone" title="Acetoxolone">Acetoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoglutethimide" title="Aminoglutethimide">Aminoglutethimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbenoxolone" title="Carbenoxolone">Carbenoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoxolone" title="Enoxolone">Enoxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metyrapone" title="Metyrapone">Metyrapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitotane" title="Mitotane">Mitotane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osilodrostat" title="Osilodrostat">Osilodrostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilostane" title="Trilostane">Trilostane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_used_for_diseases_of_the_ear_(S02)137" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Otologicals" title="Template:Otologicals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Otologicals" title="Template talk:Otologicals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Otologicals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Otologicals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_used_for_diseases_of_the_ear_(S02)137" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs used for diseases of the <a href="/wiki/Human_ear" class="mw-redirect" title="Human ear">ear</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S02" title="ATC code S02">S02</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">Infection</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">Acetic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_acetotartrate" title="Aluminium acetotartrate">Aluminium acetotartrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_triacetate" title="Aluminium triacetate">Aluminium triacetate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burow%27s_solution" title="Burow's solution">Burow's solution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boric_acid" title="Boric acid">Boric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloramphenicol" title="Chloramphenicol">Chloramphenicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorhexidine" title="Chlorhexidine">Chlorhexidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciprofloxacin" title="Ciprofloxacin">Ciprofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clioquinol" title="Clioquinol">Clioquinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentamicin" title="Gentamicin">Gentamicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin">Neomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrofurazone" title="Nitrofurazone">Nitrofurazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofloxacin" title="Ofloxacin">Ofloxacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymyxin_B" title="Polymyxin B">Polymyxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifamycin" title="Rifamycin">Rifamycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">Tetracycline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">Corticosteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone_acetonide" title="Fluocinolone acetonide">Fluocinolone acetonide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hydrocortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">Analgesics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anesthetic" title="Anesthetic">anesthetics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">Lidocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazone" title="Phenazone">Phenazone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators752" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Glucocorticoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Glucocorticoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Glucocorticoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Glucocorticoid_receptor_modulators752" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">Glucocorticoid receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor"><abbr title="Glucocorticoid receptor">GR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Glucocorticoid receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Cortisol-like and related (16-unsubstituted):</i> <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocorticosterone" title="Tetrahydrocorticosterone">3α,5α-Tetrahydrocorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydrocorticosterone" title="5α-Dihydrocorticosterone">5α-Dihydrocorticosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%CE%B1-Fluorocortisone" title="9α-Fluorocortisone">9α-Fluorocortisone (alfluorone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Dehydrocorticosterone" title="11-Dehydrocorticosterone">11-Dehydrocorticosterone (11-oxocorticosterone, 17-deoxycortisone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11-Dehydrocorticosterone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11-Dehydrocorticosterone acetate (page does not exist)">11-Dehydrocorticosterone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycorticosterone" title="11-Deoxycorticosterone">11-Deoxycorticosterone (desoxycortone, deoxycortone, desoxycorticosterone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Desoxycortone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Desoxycortone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Deoxycortisol" title="11-Deoxycortisol">11-Deoxycortisol (cortodoxone, cortexolone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortifen" title="Cortifen">Cortifen (cortiphen, kortifen)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortodoxone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cortodoxone acetate (page does not exist)">Cortodoxone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21-Deoxycortisol" title="21-Deoxycortisol">21-Deoxycortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%947-Prednisolone" title="Δ7-Prednisolone">Δ<sup>7</sup>-Prednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%947-Prednisolone_21-acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Δ7-Prednisolone 21-acetate (page does not exist)">Δ<sup>7</sup>-Prednisolone 21-acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amebucort" title="Amebucort">Amebucort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroprednisone" title="Chloroprednisone">Chloroprednisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloroprednisone_acetate" title="Chloroprednisone acetate">Chloroprednisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloprednol" title="Cloprednol">Cloprednol</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloprednol_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloprednol acetate (page does not exist)">Cloprednol acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosterone" title="Corticosterone">Corticosterone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corticosterone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corticosterone acetate (page does not exist)">Corticosterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corticosterone_benzoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corticosterone benzoate (page does not exist)">Corticosterone benzoate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Cortisol</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">hydrocortisone</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodrocortisone" title="Benzodrocortisone">Benzodrocortisone (hydrocortisone benzoate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocortamate" title="Hydrocortamate">Hydrocortamate (hydrocortisone diethylaminoacetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Hydrocortisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Hydrocortisone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">Cortisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone_acetate" title="Cortisone acetate">Cortisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deprodone" title="Deprodone">Deprodone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deprodone_propionate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deprodone propionate (page does not exist)">Deprodone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorisone" title="Dichlorisone">Dichlorisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichlorisone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichlorisone acetate (page does not exist)">Dichlorisone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichlorisone_diacetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichlorisone diacetate (page does not exist)">Dichlorisone diacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difluprednate" title="Difluprednate">Difluprednate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endrisone" title="Endrisone">Endrisone (endrysone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiprednol" title="Etiprednol">Etiprednol</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiprednol_dicloacetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiprednol dicloacetate (page does not exist)">Etiprednol dicloacetate (etiprednol dichloroacetate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone" title="Fludrocortisone">Fludrocortisone (fludrocortone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fludrocortisone_acetate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fludrocortisone acetate">Fludrocortisone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone" title="Fluorometholone">Fluorometholone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluorometholone_acetate" title="Fluorometholone acetate">Fluorometholone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluperolone" title="Fluperolone">Fluperolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluperolone_acetate" title="Fluperolone acetate">Fluperolone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednisolone" title="Fluprednisolone">Fluprednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Fluprednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Fluprednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halopredone" title="Halopredone">Halopredone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halopredone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halopredone acetate (page does not exist)">Halopredone acetate (halopredone diacetate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoflupredone" title="Isoflupredone">Isoflupredone (9α-fluoroprednisolone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoflupredone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoflupredone acetate (page does not exist)">Isoflupredone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loteprednol" title="Loteprednol">Loteprednol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazipredone" title="Mazipredone">Mazipredone (depersolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrysone" title="Medrysone">Medrysone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylprednisolone" title="Methylprednisolone">Methylprednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Methylprednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Methylprednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prebediolone" class="mw-redirect" title="Prebediolone">Prebediolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prebediolone_acetate" title="Prebediolone acetate">Prebediolone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolone" title="Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prednazate" title="Prednazate">Prednazate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednazoline" title="Prednazoline">Prednazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednicarbate" title="Prednicarbate">Prednicarbate (prednisolone ethylcarbonate propionate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednimustine" title="Prednimustine">Prednimustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisolamate" title="Prednisolamate">Prednisolamate (prednisolone diethylaminoacetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Prednisolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Prednisolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">Prednisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Prednisone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Prednisone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_acetate" title="Pregnenolone acetate">Pregnenolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_succinate" title="Pregnenolone succinate">Pregnenolone succinate (pregnenolone hemisuccinate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resocortol" title="Resocortol">Resocortol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipredane" title="Tipredane">Tipredane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol" title="Tixocortol">Tixocortol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butixocort" title="Butixocort">Butixocort (tixocortol butyrate)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butixocort_propionate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butixocort propionate (page does not exist)">Butixocort propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixocortol_pivalate" title="Tixocortol pivalate">Tixocortol pivalate</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Methasones and related (16-substituted):</i> <a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Methyl-11-oxoprednisolone" title="16α-Methyl-11-oxoprednisolone">16α-Methyl-11-oxoprednisolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alclometasone" title="Alclometasone">Alclometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alclometasone_dipropionate" title="Alclometasone dipropionate">Alclometasone dipropionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelometasone" title="Amelometasone">Amelometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone" title="Beclometasone">Beclometasone (beclomethasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Beclometasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Beclometasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone (betametasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Betamethasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Betamethasone esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortobenzolone" title="Cortobenzolone">Cortobenzolone (betamethasone salicylate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclometasone" title="Ciclometasone">Ciclometasone (ciclomethasone, cyclomethasone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasol" title="Clobetasol">Clobetasol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasol_propionate" title="Clobetasol propionate">Clobetasol propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasone" title="Clobetasone">Clobetasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clobetasone_butyrate" title="Clobetasone butyrate">Clobetasone butyrate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocortolone" title="Clocortolone">Clocortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Clocortolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Clocortolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloticasone" title="Cloticasone">Cloticasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloticasone_propionate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloticasone propionate (page does not exist)">Cloticasone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormetasone" title="Cormetasone">Cormetasone (cormethasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cormetasone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cormetasone acetate (page does not exist)">Cormetasone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descinolone" title="Descinolone">Descinolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoximetasone" title="Desoximetasone">Desoximetasone (desoxymethasone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone (dexametasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Dexamethasone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Dexamethasone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflorasone" title="Diflorasone">Diflorasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diflorasone_diacetate" title="Diflorasone diacetate">Diflorasone diacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflucortolone" title="Diflucortolone">Diflucortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diflucortolone_pivalate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diflucortolone pivalate (page does not exist)">Diflucortolone pivalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflucortolone_valerate" title="Diflucortolone valerate">Diflucortolone valerate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimesone" title="Dimesone">Dimesone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimesone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimesone acetate (page does not exist)">Dimesone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxibetasol" title="Doxibetasol">Doxibetasol (doxybetasol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluclorolone" title="Fluclorolone">Fluclorolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumetasone" title="Flumetasone">Flumetasone (flumethasone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flumetasone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flumetasone acetate (page does not exist)">Flumetasone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumetasone_pivalate" title="Flumetasone pivalate">Flumetasone pivalate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone" title="Fluocinolone">Fluocinolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortin" title="Fluocortin">Fluocortin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortin_butyl" title="Fluocortin butyl">Fluocortin butyl (fluocortin butylate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocortolone" title="Fluocortolone">Fluocortolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Fluocortolone_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Fluocortolone esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednidene" title="Fluprednidene">Fluprednidene (fluprednylidene)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluprednidene_acetate" title="Fluprednidene acetate">Fluprednidene acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fluticasone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate" title="Fluticasone furoate">Fluticasone furoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate" title="Fluticasone propionate">Fluticasone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halocortolone" title="Halocortolone">Halocortolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halometasone" title="Halometasone">Halometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icometasone" title="Icometasone">Icometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Icometasone_enbutate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icometasone enbutate (page does not exist)">Icometasone enbutate (icometasone butyrate acetate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoprednidene" title="Isoprednidene">Isoprednidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locicortolone" title="Locicortolone">Locicortolone (locicortone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locicortolone_dicibate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Locicortolone dicibate (page does not exist)">Locicortolone dicibate (locicortone dicibate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclorisone" title="Meclorisone">Meclorisone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meclorisone_dibutyrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meclorisone dibutyrate (page does not exist)">Meclorisone dibutyrate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meprednisone" title="Meprednisone">Meprednisone (methylprednisone)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meprednisone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meprednisone acetate (page does not exist)">Meprednisone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meprednisone_hydrogen_succinate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meprednisone hydrogen succinate (page does not exist)">Meprednisone hydrogen succinate (methylprednisone hemisuccinate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone" title="Mometasone">Mometasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone_furoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mometasone furoate">Mometasone furoate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramethasone" title="Paramethasone">Paramethasone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramethasone_acetate" title="Paramethasone acetate">Paramethasone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramethasone_disodium_phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramethasone disodium phosphate (page does not exist)">Paramethasone disodium phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramethasone_phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramethasone phosphate (page does not exist)">Paramethasone phosphate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prednylidene" title="Prednylidene">Prednylidene</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prednylidene_diethylaminoacetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prednylidene diethylaminoacetate (page does not exist)">Prednylidene diethylaminoacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimexolone" title="Rimexolone">Rimexolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticabesone" title="Ticabesone">Ticabesone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ticabesone_propionate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ticabesone propionate (page does not exist)">Ticabesone propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timobesone" title="Timobesone">Timobesone</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timobesone_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timobesone acetate (page does not exist)">Timobesone acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone" title="Triamcinolone">Triamcinolone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_diacetate" title="Triamcinolone diacetate">Triamcinolone diacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulobetasol" title="Ulobetasol">Ulobetasol (halobetasol)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulobetasol_propionate" title="Ulobetasol propionate">Ulobetasol propionate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamorolone" title="Vamorolone">Vamorolone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cyclic ketals (16,17-cyclized):</i> <a href="/wiki/Acrocinonide" title="Acrocinonide">Acrocinonide (triamcinolone acroleinide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amcinafal" title="Amcinafal">Amcinafal (triamcinolone pentanonide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amcinafide" title="Amcinafide">Amcinafide (triamcinolone acetophenide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amcinonide" title="Amcinonide">Amcinonide (triamcinolone acetate cyclopentanonide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclesonide" title="Ciclesonide">Ciclesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicortonide" title="Cicortonide">Cicortonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflazacort" title="Deflazacort">Deflazacort (azacort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descinolone_acetonide" title="Descinolone acetonide">Descinolone acetonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desonide" title="Desonide">Desonide (hydroxyprednisolone acetonide)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desonide_disodium_phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desonide disodium phosphate (page does not exist)">Desonide disodium phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desonide_pivalate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desonide pivalate (page does not exist)">Desonide pivalate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexbudesonide" title="Dexbudesonide">Dexbudesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drocinonide" title="Drocinonide">Drocinonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drocinonide_phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drocinonide phosphate (page does not exist)">Drocinonide phosphate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluazacort" title="Fluazacort">Fluazacort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluclorolone_acetonide" title="Fluclorolone acetonide">Fluclorolone acetonide (flucloronide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludroxycortide" title="Fludroxycortide">Fludroxycortide (flurandrenolone, flurandrenolide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumoxonide" title="Flumoxonide">Flumoxonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunisolide" title="Flunisolide">Flunisolide</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flunisolide_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flunisolide acetate (page does not exist)">Flunisolide acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinolone_acetonide" title="Fluocinolone acetonide">Fluocinolone acetonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciprocinonide" title="Ciprocinonide">Ciprocinonide (fluocinolone acetonide cyclopropylcarboxylate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluocinonide" title="Fluocinonide">Fluocinonide (fluocinolide, fluocinolone acetonide acetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procinonide" title="Procinonide">Procinonide (fluocinolone acetonide propionate)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formocortal" title="Formocortal">Formocortal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcinonide" title="Halcinonide">Halcinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itrocinonide" title="Itrocinonide">Itrocinonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rofleponide" title="Rofleponide">Rofleponide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rofleponide_palmitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Rofleponide palmitate">Rofleponide palmitate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralonide" title="Tralonide">Tralonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_acetonide" title="Triamcinolone acetonide">Triamcinolone acetonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flupamesone" title="Flupamesone">Flupamesone (triamcinolone acetonide metembonate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroid_esters#Triamcinolone_acetonide_esters" title="List of corticosteroid esters">Triamcinolone acetonide esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone_aminobenzal_benzamidoisobutyrate" title="Triamcinolone aminobenzal benzamidoisobutyrate">Triamcinolone aminobenzal benzamidoisobutyrate (TBI-PAB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triclonide" title="Triclonide">Triclonide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Others/atypical (other expanded steroid ring systems, homosteroids, and non-pregnane steroids):</i> <a href="/wiki/Cortisuzol" title="Cortisuzol">Cortisuzol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortivazol" title="Cortivazol">Cortivazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domoprednate" title="Domoprednate">Domoprednate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naflocort" title="Naflocort">Naflocort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicocortonide" title="Nicocortonide">Nicocortonide</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicocortonide_acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicocortonide acetate (page does not exist)">Nicocortonide acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivacortol" title="Nivacortol">Nivacortol (nivazol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxisopred" title="Oxisopred">Oxisopred</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-26988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-26988 (page does not exist)">RU-26988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU-28362" title="RU-28362">RU-28362</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Non-corticosteroids with some glucocorticoid activity:</i> <a href="/wiki/15%CE%B2-Hydroxycyproterone_acetate" title="15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate">15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Hydroxyprogesterone" title="17α-Hydroxyprogesterone">17α-Hydroxyprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromoketoprogesterone" title="Bromoketoprogesterone">Bromoketoprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate" title="Chlormadinone acetate">Chlormadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone" title="Cyproterone">Cyproterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danazol" title="Danazol">Danazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmadinone_acetate" title="Delmadinone acetate">Delmadinone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desogestrel" title="Desogestrel">Desogestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DU-41165" title="DU-41165">DU-41165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etonogestrel" title="Etonogestrel">Etonogestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugestone" title="Flugestone">Flugestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugestone_acetate" title="Flugestone acetate">Flugestone acetate (flurogestone acetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoromedroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate">Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxymesterone" title="Fluoxymesterone">Fluoxymesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestodene" title="Gestodene">Gestodene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medrogestone" title="Medrogestone">Medrogestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate" title="Medroxyprogesterone acetate">Medroxyprogesterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megestrol_acetate" title="Megestrol acetate">Megestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metribolone" title="Metribolone">Metribolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norgestomet" title="Norgestomet">Norgestomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaterone_acetate" title="Osaterone acetate">Osaterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegestone" title="Promegestone">Promegestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU-2309" title="RU-2309">RU-2309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quingestrone" title="Quingestrone">Quingestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesterone_acetate" title="Segesterone acetate">Segesterone acetate (nestorone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrogestrinone" title="Tetrahydrogestrinone">Tetrahydrogestrinone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal glucocorticoids:</i> <a href="/wiki/AZD-5423" title="AZD-5423">AZD-5423</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK-9027&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK-9027 (page does not exist)">GSK-9027</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Mixed<br />(<a href="/wiki/Selective_glucocorticoid_receptor_agonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists"><abbr title="Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists">SEGRMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagrocorat" title="Dagrocorat">Dagrocorat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosdagrocorat" title="Fosdagrocorat">Fosdagrocorat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapracorat" title="Mapracorat">Mapracorat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antiglucocorticoid" title="Antiglucocorticoid">Antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="7α-Hydroxy-DHEA">7α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Methylprogesterone" title="17α-Methylprogesterone">17α-Methylprogesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aglepristone" title="Aglepristone">Aglepristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoprisnil" title="Asoprisnil">Asoprisnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asoprisnil_ecamate" title="Asoprisnil ecamate">Asoprisnil ecamate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C108297&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C108297 (page does not exist)">C108297</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C113176&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C113176 (page does not exist)">C113176</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CORT-108297&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CORT-108297 (page does not exist)">CORT-108297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dazucorilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dazucorilant (page does not exist)">Dazucorilant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exicorilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exicorilant (page does not exist)">Exicorilant (CORT-125281)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">Guggulsterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilopristone" title="Lilopristone">Lilopristone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LLY-2707&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LLY-2707 (page does not exist)">LLY-2707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapristone" title="Metapristone">Metapristone (RU-42633)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifepristone" title="Mifepristone">Mifepristone (RU-486)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miricorilant" title="Miricorilant">Miricorilant (CORT-118335)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onapristone" title="Onapristone">Onapristone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-34116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-34116 (page does not exist)">ORG-34116</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-34517&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-34517 (page does not exist)">ORG-34517 (SCH-900636)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Org_34850&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Org 34850 (page does not exist)">ORG-34850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_16%CE%B1-carbonitrile" title="Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile">Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relacorilant" title="Relacorilant">Relacorilant (CORT-125134)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI_3021%E2%80%93012" class="mw-redirect" title="RTI 3021–012">RTI 3021–012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTI_3021%E2%80%93022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTI 3021–022 (page does not exist)">RTI 3021–022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telapristone" title="Telapristone">Telapristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibolone" title="Tibolone">Tibolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toripristone" title="Toripristone">Toripristone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulipristal_acetate" title="Ulipristal acetate">Ulipristal acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zavacorilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zavacorilant (page does not exist)">Zavacorilant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Antisense oligonucleotides:</i> <a href="/wiki/IONIS-GCCRRx" title="IONIS-GCCRRx">IONIS-GCCR<sub>Rx</sub> (ISIS-426115)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Glucocorticoids_and_antiglucocorticoids" title="Template:Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids">Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mineralocorticoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators">Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_corticosteroids" title="List of corticosteroids">List of corticosteroids</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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