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<div class="nav-dwn fr"><a href="/products/netflow/download.html" title="Download ManageEngine NetFlow Analyzer">Download <span class="nav-dwn-icon"> </span></a></div> <div class="fr pr"> <ul class="nav header-nav productmenu clearfix" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <li id="over"><a href="/products/netflow/" title="Overview">Overview</a></li> <li id="fea"><a href="/products/netflow/features.html" title="Features">Features</a></li> <li id="demo"><a href="/products/netflow/demo-form.html" title="Demo">Demo</a></li> <li id="quote"><a href="/products/netflow/getquote.html" title="Get Price Quote">Get Price Quote </a></li> <li id="price"><a href="/products/netflow/netflow-analyzer-editions.html" title="Editions">Editions</a></li> <li id="roadMap" style="display: none;"><a href="/products/netflow/roadmap.html" title="Road Map">Road Map</a></li> <li id="res"><a href="/products/netflow/resources.html" title="Support & Resources">Support & 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href="/products/netflow/department-wise-bandwidth-monitoring-using-netflow-analyzer.html" title="Department-wise Monitoring">Department-wise Monitoring</a></li> <li id="fea-bm-bnm"><a href="/products/netflow/bandwidth-management.html" title="Network Bandwidth Management">Network Bandwidth Management</a></li> <li id="remote-wnm"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/wireless-network-controller-monitoring.html" title="Wireless Network Controller Monitoring">Wireless Network Controller Monitoring</a></li> <li id="fea-bm-bc"><a href="/products/netflow/control-bandwidth.html" title="Bandwidth Control">Bandwidth Control</a></li> <li id="fea-bm-hogs"><a href="/products/netflow/5-steps-to-resolve-bandwidth-hogs.html" title="Getting rid of bandwidth hogs">Getting Rid of Bandwidth Hogs</a></li> <li id="fea-bm-opti"><a href="/products/netflow/optimize-performance.html" title="Optimize Performance">Optimize Performance</a></li> <li id="fea-bm-threshold"><a href="/products/netflow/threshold-based-alerts.html" title="Threshold Based Alert">Threshold Based Alert</a></li> <li id="fea-bum"><a href="/products/netflow/bandwidth-usage-monitor.html" title="Bandwidth usage monitor">Bandwidth Usage Monitor</a></li> <li id="fea-mbu"><a href="/products/netflow/how-to-measure-bandwidth-usage.html" title="How to Measure Bandwidth Usage">How to Measure Bandwidth Usage</a></li> <li id="fea-bc"><a href="/products/netflow/bandwidth-consumption.html" title="Bandwidth Consumption">Bandwidth Consumption</a></li> <li id="fea-network-utilization"><a href="/products/netflow/network-utilization-monitoring.html" title="Network Utilization Monitor">Network Utilization Monitor</a></li> <li id="fea-mon-bandwidth"><a href="/products/netflow/how-to-monitor-bandwidth-usage-on-your-network.html" title="Monitor Bandwidth Usage on Network">Monitor Bandwidth Usage on Network</a></li> <li id="fea-ent-bandwidth"><a href="/products/netflow/enterprise-bandwidth-monitoring.html" title="Enterprise Bandwidth Monitoring">Enterprise Bandwidth Monitoring</a></li> <li id="fea-cbc"><a href="/products/netflow/cisco-bandwidth-control.html" title="Cisco Bandwidth Control">Cisco Bandwidth Control</a></li> <li id="fea-balerts"><a href="/products/netflow/bandwidth-alerts.html" title="Bandwidth Alerts">Bandwidth Alerts</a></li> <li id="fea-cbm"><a href="/products/netflow/cisco-bandwidth-monitoring.html" title="Cisco Bandwidth Monitoring">Cisco Bandwidth Monitoring</a></li> <li id="fea-wbm"><a href="/products/netflow/wireless-bandwidth-management.html" title="Wireless Bandwidth Management">Wireless Bandwidth Management</a></li> <li id="simulate"><a href="/products/netflow/simulate-netflow.html" title="Simulate NetFlow">Simulate NetFlow</a></li> <li id="noc"><a href="/products/netflow/noc-monitoring.html" title="NOC Monitoring">NOC Monitoring</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="traffic"><span>Traffic Analysis</span> <ul> <li id="traffic-nta"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-analysis.html" title="Network Traffic Analysis">Network Traffic Analysis</a></li> <li id="traffic-nfatm"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-management.html" title="Network Traffic Management">Network Traffic Management</a></li> <li id="traffic-bnta"><a href="/products/netflow/best-network-traffic-analyzer.html" title="Best Network Traffic Analyzer">Best Network Traffic Analyzer</a></li> <li id="traffic-rntm"><a href="/products/netflow/real-time-network-traffic-monitor.html" title="Real-time network traffic monitor">Real-time Network Traffic Monitor</a></li> <li id="traffic-ntm"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-monitor.html" title="Network Traffic Monitoring">Network Traffic Monitor</a></li> <li id="traffic-ntc"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-control.html" title="Network Traffic Control">Network Traffic Control</a></li> <li id="traffic-num"><a href="/products/netflow/network-usage-monitor.html" title="Network Usage Monitor">Network Usage Monitor</a></li> <li id="traffic-tms"><a href="/products/netflow/traffic-monitoring-software.html" title="Traffic Monitoring Software">Traffic Monitoring Software</a></li> <li id="traffic-nat"><a href="/products/netflow/network-analysis-tool.html" title="Network Analysis Tools">Network Analysis Tools</a></li> <li id="traffic-router"><a href="/products/netflow/router-traffic-monitoring.html" title="Router traffic monitoring">Router Traffic Monitoring</a></li> <li id="traffic-server"><a href="/products/netflow/server-traffic-monitoring.html" title="Server traffic monitoring">Server Traffic Monitoring</a></li> <li id="traffic-asa"><a href="/products/netflow/cisco-asa-traffic-monitoring.html" title="Cisco ASA Monitoring">Cisco ASA Monitoring</a></li> <li id="traffic-avc"><a href="/products/netflow/cisco-avc-monitoring.html" title="Cisco AVC Monitoring">Cisco AVC Monitoring</a></li> <li id="cisco-router"><a href="/products/netflow/cisco-router-monitoring.html" title="Cisco Router Traffic Monitoring">Cisco Router Traffic Monitoring</a></li> <li id="traffic-cstm"><a href="/products/netflow/cisco-switch-traffic-monitoring.html" title="Cisco Switch Traffic Monitoring">Cisco Switch Traffic Monitoring</a></li> <li id="traffic-atgm"><a href="/products/netflow/network-layout-using-google-maps.html" title="Analyze traffic using Google maps">Analyze Traffic Using Google Maps</a></li> <li id="traffic-rwtm"><a href="/products/netflow/web-traffic-monitor-software.html" title="Web traffic monitor">Web Traffic Monitor</a></li> <li id="traffic-protoanal"><a href="/products/netflow/network-protocol-analyzer.html" title="Protocol Analyzer">Protocol Analyzer</a></li> <li id="traffic-pam"><a href="/products/netflow/protocol-and-application-monitoring.html" title="Protocol & Application Monitoring">Protocol & Application Monitoring</a></li> <li id="traffic-nbar"><a href="/products/netflow/nbar.html" title="Network Based Application Recognition(NBAR)">Network Based Application Recognition(NBAR)</a></li> <li id="traffic-nbarmon"><a href="/products/netflow/nbar-monitor.html" title="NBAR Monitoring">NBAR Monitoring</a></li> <li id="traffic-voip"><a href="/products/netflow/voip-monitor.html" title="VOIP Monitoring">VoIP Monitoring</a></li> <li id="traffic-sstm"><a href="/products/netflow/site-to-site-traffic-monitoring.html" title="Site to Site Traffic Monitoring">Site to Site Traffic Monitoring</a></li> <li id="traffic-itmnbar"><a href="/products/netflow/intelligent-traffic-management-with-nbar.html" title="Intelligent Traffic Management with NBAR">Intelligent Traffic Management with NBAR</a></li> <li id="traffic-wanipsla"><a href="/products/netflow/wan-rtt-monitor.html" title="WAN Monitoring using IPSLA">WAN Monitoring Using IP SLA</a></li> <li id="traffic-bntm"><a href="/products/netflow/bandwidth-utilization.html" title="Bandwidth Utilization">Bandwidth Utilization Report</a></li> <li id="traffic-speed-mon"><a href="/products/netflow/network-speed-monitor.html" title="Network Speed Monitor">Network Speed Monitor</a></li> <li id="traffic-network-traffic"><a href="/products/netflow/linux-network-traffic-monitoring.html" title="Linux Network Traffic Monitor">Linux Network Traffic Monitor</a></li> <li id="traffic-ntmtools"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-monitoring-tools.html" title="Network Traffic Monitoring Tools">Network Traffic Monitoring Tools</a></li> <li id="traffic-wifi"><a href="/products/netflow/wifi-traffic-monitor.html" title="Wi-Fi Monitoring">Wi-Fi Monitoring</a></li> <li id="ent-traffic"><a href="/products/netflow/enterprise-network-traffic-monitoring.html" title="Enterprise Network Traffic Monitoring">Enterprise Network Traffic Monitoring </a></li> <li id="traffic-fntmt"><a href="/products/netflow/free-network-traffic-monitoring-tool.html" title="Free Network Traffic Monitoring Tool">Free Network Traffic Monitoring Tool</a></li> <li id="traffic-ata"><a href="/products/netflow/application-traffic-alerting.html" title="Application Traffic Alerting">Application Traffic Alerting</a></li> <li id="trafficanomaly"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-anomaly-detection.html" title="Network Traffic Anomaly Detection">Network Traffic Anomaly Detection</a></li> <li id="tforecast"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-forecasting.html" title="Network Traffic Forecasting">Network Traffic Forecasting</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-nvi"><span>QoS Monitoring</span> <ul> <li id="qst-nt"><a href="/products/netflow/troubleshoot-faster.html" title="Network Troubleshooting">Network Troubleshooting</a></li> <li id="qst-snt"><a href="/products/netflow/traffic-shaping.html" title="Traffic shaping">Traffic Shaping</a></li> <li id="qst-qosm"><a href="/products/netflow/qos-monitoring.html" title="QoS Monitoring">QoS Monitoring</a></li> <li id="qst-qs"><a href="/products/netflow/allaboutqos.html" title="Quality of Service">Quality of Service</a></li> <li id="qst-qos"><a href="/products/netflow/app-qos-traffic-shaping.html" title="Application-level QoS Shaping">Application-level QoS Shaping</a></li> <li id="qst-qosmon"><a href="/products/netflow/cbqos.html" title="Class Based Qos Monitoring">Class Based QoS Monitoring</a></li> <li id="qst-validqos"><a href="/products/netflow/validating-qos-policies-with-cbqos.html" title="Validating QoS Policies">Validating QoS Policies</a></li> <li id="qst-qosconfig"><a href="/products/netflow/qos-configuration.html" title="Qos Configuration">QoS Configuration</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-nfm"><span>Reports</span> <ul> <li id="rep-tr"><a href="/products/netflow/netflow-analyzer-reports.html" title="Troubleshoot Reports">Troubleshoot Reports</a></li> <li id="rep-cb"><a href="/products/netflow/customizable-dashboard.html" title="Customizable Bandwidth">Customizable Bandwidth</a></li> <li id="rep-bur"><a href="/products/netflow/bandwidth-reports.html" title="Bandwidth Utilization Reports">Bandwidth Reports</a></li> <li id="rep-cpr"><a href="/products/netflow/capacity-planning-reports.html" title="Capacity Planning Reports">Capacity Planning Reports</a></li> <li id="rep-uccp"><a href="/products/netflow/cut-cost.html" title="Use case: Capacity Planning">Use Case: Capacity Planning</a></li> <li id="rep-br"><a href="/products/netflow/usage-based-billing.html" title="Billing Reports">Billing Reports</a></li> <li id="rep-sche"><a href="/products/netflow/scheduling-reports-using-netflow-analyzer.html" title="Scheduling Reports">Scheduling Reports</a></li> <li id="rep-search"><a href="/products/netflow/search-reports-gives-better-understanding-of-network-traffic.html" title="Search Reports">Search Reports</a></li> <li id="rep-waas"><a href="/products/netflow/cisco-waas-reports.html" title="Cisco WAAS reports">Cisco WAAS reports</a></li> <li id="rep-medianet"><a href="/products/netflow/medianet-reports.html" title="Medianet Reports">Medianet Reports</a></li> <li id="rep-cs"><a href="/products/netflow/cloud-services-user-ip-mapping.html" title="Cloud Services">Cloud Services</a></li> <li id="rep-nfr"><a href="/products/netflow/netflow-reports.html" title="NetFlow Report">NetFlow Report</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-dcm"><span>Network Security and Forensics</span> <ul> <li id="nsf-nsr"><a href="/products/netflow/secure-your-network.html" title="Network Security Reporting">Network Security Reporting</a></li> <li id="nsf-nf"><a href="/products/netflow/network-forensics.html" title="Network Forensics">Network Forensics</a></li> <li id="nsf-nad"><a href="/products/netflow/network-anomaly-detection.html" title="Network Anomaly Detection">Network Anomaly Detection</a></li> <li id="nsf-aft"><a href="/products/netflow/troubleshoot-reports-a-need-for-network-monitor.html" title="Advanced Forensics and Troubleshooting">Advanced Forensics and Troubleshooting</a></li> <li id="nsf-csmt"><a href="/products/netflow/asam-continuous-stream-mining-engine.html" title="Continuous Stream Miner Technology">Continuous Stream Miner Technology</a></li> <li id="nsf-asam"><a href="/products/netflow/network-behavior-analysis-using-advanced-security-analytics-module.html" title="Advance Security Analytics Module">Security Module</a></li> <li id="nsf-bcasam"><a href="/products/netflow/advanced-security-analytics-module-benefits.html" title="Benefits and Capabilities of ASAM">Benefits and Capabilities of Security Module</a></li> <li id="nsf-eveasam"><a href="/products/netflow/advanced-security-analytics-module-event-list.html" title="The 'Event List' in ASAM">The 'Event List' in Security Module</a></li> <li id="nsf-spcc"><a href="/products/netflow/problem-class-catalogue.html" title="Security Problem & Class Catalog">Security Problem & Class Catalog</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-nsm"><span>Flow-based Monitoring</span> <ul> <li id="flow-netflowmon"><a href="/products/netflow/netflow-monitoring.html" title="NetFlow Monitoring Tools"> NetFlow Monitoring Tools </a></li> <li id="flow-ipfix"><a href="/products/netflow/ipfix-monitoring.html" title="IPFIX Monitoring">IPFIX Monitoring</a></li> <li id="flow-jflow"><a href="/products/netflow/j-flow-monitoring.html" title="Jflow Monitoring">JFlow Monitoring</a></li> <li id="flow-sflow"><a href="/products/netflow/sflow-analyzer.html" title="sflow Analyzer">sFlow Analyzer</a></li> <li id="sflow-nc"><a href="/products/netflow/netflow-collector.html" title="Netflow Collector">Netflow Collector</a></li> <li id="sflow-cisco"><a href="/products/netflow/cisco-netflow.html" title="Cisco NetFlow">Cisco NetFlow</a></li> <li id="sflow-whatisnetflow"><a href="/products/netflow/what-is-netflow.html" title="What is NetFlow?">What is NetFlow?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-nfg"><span>Network Packet Sensor</span> <ul> <li id="nps"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/network-packet-sensor.html" title="Network Packet Sensor">Network Packet Sensor</a></li> <li id="dpi"><a href="/products/netflow/deep-packet-inspection.html" title="Deep Packet Inspection">Deep Packet Inspection</a></li> <li id="nfg-nfg"><a href="/products/netflow/netflow-generator.html" title="NetFlow Generator">NetFlow Generator</a></li> <li id="nst"><a href="/products/netflow/netspeed-tracker.html?lhs" title="NetSpeed Tracker">NetSpeed Tracker</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="remote"><span>Remote Monitoring</span> <ul> <li id="remote-dm"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/distributed-monitoring-with-enterprise-edition.html" title="Distributed Monitoring">Distributed Monitoring</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="integ"><span>Integrations and Add-ons</span> <ul> <li id="remote-app"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/applications-manager-integration.html" title="Applications Monitoring">Applications Monitoring</a></li> <li id="ipam"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/ipam-spm-addon.html" title="IPAM and SPM">NetFlow Analyzer-OpUtils Integration</a></li> <li id="remote-ipa"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/ip-address-management-plugin.html" title="IP Address and Switch Port Management">IP Address Management</a></li> <li id="remote-ipsla"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/ipsla-monitor.html" title="IP SLA Monitor">IP SLA Monitor</a></li> <li id="remote-ncm"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/network-configuration-manager.html" title="Network Configuration Management">Network Configuration Management</a></li> <li id="integ-high"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/highperf.html" title="HighPerf">HighPerf</a></li> <li id="tpintegrations"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/integrations.html" title="Integrations">Third-Party Integrations</a></li> <li id="remote-slack"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/slack-integration.html" title="Slack">Slack</a></li> <li id="ctm"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/aws-vpc-cloud-traffic-monitoring.html" title="Cloud Traffic Monitoring - AWS VPC">Cloud Traffic Monitoring - AWS VPC</a></li> <li id="remote-webhook"><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/webhook-integration.html" title="Webhook Integration">Webhook</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="mob"><span>Mobile Applications</span> <ul> <li id="mob-apps"><a href="/products/netflow/mobile-apps.html" title="Mobile Apps">Mobile Apps</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="bmp"><span>Bandwidth Monitoring Basics</span> <ul> <li id="basics"><a href="/products/netflow/basics-of-network-traffic-monitoring.html" title="Network Traffic Monitoring Basics">Network Traffic Monitoring Basics</a></li> <li id="bmp-network-congestion"><a href="/products/netflow/network-congestion.html" title="Network congestion">Network Congestion</a></li> <li id="bmp-sniffer"><a href="/products/netflow/network-sniffer.html" title="Network Sniffer Tool">Network Sniffer Tool</a></li> <li id="bmp-nbm"><a href="/products/netflow/network-bandwidth-monitoring.html" title="Network Bandwidth Monitoring">Network Bandwidth Monitoring</a></li> <li id="bmp-real-time-ndr"><a href="/products/netflow/real-time-threat-detection-with-ndr.html" title="Real-time threat detection with NDR">Real-time threat detection with NDR</a></li> <li id="bmp-best-practices"><a href="/products/netflow/network-bandwidth-monitoring-best-practices.html" title="Network Bandwidth Monitoring Best Practices">Network Bandwidth Monitoring Best Practices</a></li> <li id="bmp-challenge"><a href="/products/netflow/network-bandwidth-monitoring-challenges.html" title="Network Bandwidth Monitoring Challenges">Network Bandwidth Monitoring Challenges</a></li> <li id="wtm"><a href="/products/netflow/wireless-traffic-monitor.html" title="Wireless Traffic Monitor">Wireless Traffic Monitor</a></li> <li id="bmp-trafficm"><a href="/products/netflow/traffic-monitoring.html" title="Traffic Monitoring">Traffic Monitoring</a></li> <li id="bmp-ndr"><a href="/products/netflow/network-detection-and-response.html" title="Network Detection and Response">Network Detection and Response</a></li> <li id="bmp-htmnt"><a href="/products/netflow/how-to-monitor-network-traffic.html" title="How to Monitor Network Traffic">How to Monitor Network Traffic</a></li> <li id="bmp-whatsprotoanal"><a href="/products/netflow/what-is-a-protocol-analyzer.html" title="Protocol Analysis">Protocol Analyzer</a></li> <li id="bmp-packet-sniffer"><a href="/products/netflow/network-packet-sniffer.html" title="Network Packet Sniffer">Network Packet Sniffer</a></li> <li id="bmp-throughput"><a href="/products/netflow/network-throughput.html" title="Network Throughput">Network Throughput</a></li> <li id="bmp-nf"><a href="/products/netflow/what-is-network-forensics.html" title="What is Network Forensics?">What is Network Forensics?</a></li> <li id="bmp-ntat"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-analyzer-tool.html" title="Network Traffic Analyzer Tool">Network Traffic Analyzer Tool</a></li> <li id="bmp-whatisdpi"><a href="/products/netflow/what-is-deep-packet-inspection.html" title="What is Deep Packet Inspection?">What is Deep Packet Inspection?</a></li> <li id="bmp-cbu"><a href="/products/netflow/calculate-bandwidth-usage.html" title="Calculate Bandwidth Usage">Calculate Bandwidth Usage</a></li> <li id="bmp-dos"><a href="/products/netflow/what-is-denial-of-service.html" title="What is denial-of-service?">What is Denial-of-Service?</a></li> <li id="bmp-system"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-management-system.html" title="Network Traffic Management System">Network Traffic Management System</a></li> <li id="throughputvsbandwidth"><a href="/products/netflow/network-throughput-vs-bandwidth.html" title="Bandwidth VS Throughput">Bandwidth VS Throughput</a></li> <li id="bmp-traffic-steering"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-steering.html" title="Network traffic steering">Network Traffic Steering</a></li> <li id="bmp-traffic-engineering"><a href="/products/netflow/network-traffic-engineering.html" title="Network traffic engineering">Network Traffic Engineering</a></li> <li id="bmp-bandwidth-throttling"><a href="/products/netflow/bandwidth-throttling.html" title="Bandwidth throttling">Bandwidth Throttling</a></li> <li id="ip-sniffer"><a href="/products/netflow/ip-sniffer.html" title="IP Sniffer">IP Sniffer</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="more"><span>More on NetFlow Analyzer</span> <ul> <li id="more-overview"><a href="/products/netflow/netflow-analyzer-overview.html" title="NetFlow Analyzer Overview">NetFlow Analyzer Overview</a></li> <li id="more-benefits"><a href="/products/netflow/netflow-analyzer-product-brief.html" title="NetFlow Analyzer Benefits">NetFlow Analyzer Benefits</a></li> <li id="more-fbmt"><a href="/products/netflow/free-bandwidth-monitoring-tool.html" title="Free Bandwidth Monitor">Free Bandwidth Monitor</a></li> <li id="more-users-nfa"><a href="/products/netflow/top-10-reasons.html" title="Why users love NFA">Why users love NFA</a></li> <li id="more-fnta"><a href="/products/netflow/free-network-traffic-analyzer.html" title="Free Network Aanalyzer">Free Network Analyzer</a></li> </ul> </li> <div id="itom-related-products"></div> <div class="refer"><strong>Refer Resources</strong></div> <ul class="refer-res"> <li><a href="https://show.zohopublic.com/publish/h8zn33d986963282848aaa0448b412bbfa157" target="blank">NetFlow Analyzer Product Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/resources.html" target="_blank">Case Studies & White Papers</a></li> </ul> <div id="itom-lhs-img"> </div> </div> <div class="rhs-cont"> <h3>Introduction</h3> <p>The use of Enterprise networks is becoming increasingly complex. The past two decades have seen a sea change in the landscape of networking due to increasing reliance on the Enterprise network for a wide range of applications. The convergence of voice, video and data networks has added a lot more variables to determine the behavior of a network. Different applications influence the network in different ways and this mandates exercising complete control of network bandwidth usage to ensure optimum network performance. To add to this, the social media bubble burst has had its own impact on the network. This leads to a completely complex network that handles numerous classes, types and subcategories of traffic. To identify and assign maximum priority to traffic that is critical to your business is extremely important to make effective use of your network. Quality of Service, popularly known as QoS is a great way to reach this objective and assign priority to the desired type of traffic on the network. This gives a host of benefits such as better predictability, security, measurability and guaranteed delivery of critical services. Here are some basics of QoS which you would need to know to design and implement it successfully on the network.</p> <h3>Quality of Service (QoS)</h3> <p>Quality of Service (QoS) is the term used to define the ability of a network to provide different levels of service assurances to the various forms of traffic. QoS is a technique to optimize network usage by prioritizing traffic on the basis of your business objectives. Each organization is different in terms of the nature of business and the processes followed. Depending on the different business objectives, the network is used for different purposes based on which traffic needs to be prioritized on the network . This ensures high-priority delivery of business-critical and delay sensitive applications at all times. QoS is a set of standards and techniques to ensure high performance of critical applications on the network. QoS, as a mechanism, could be exploited by network administrators to put their resources to the best use without any need for expansion or enhancements on the network. QoS makes it possible to ensure a high-performing network, allotting maximum priority to those applications that are highly critical to business. This ensures prompt delivery of business-critical applications, thereby putting your Enterprise network to optimum use.</p> <h3>Importance of QoS</h3> <p>In this current era of converged networks, it is one single network that handles various types of traffic like voice, data and video. All of this comes under the best effort delivery category which means that all of them have an equal chance of being dropped when congestion occurs. This leads to a situation where the battle between business-critical applications and other applications begins. For effective use of the network bandwidth, it is essential that the business-critical applications get higher priority over other applications. The fundamental requirement in this case becomes application classification. The applications running on the network need to be classified as two sets, the first one being those applications that are critical to business(CRM, ERP, business VoIP etc.) and the second one being bandwidth intensive applications that do not contribute to business(streaming, peer-to-peer file sharing, online gaming, Internet radio etc.).</p> <p>When a number of bandwidth-intensive applications run parallel on the network, the network is subject to congestion due to a much bulkier volume of traffic than it can actually handle. When congestion happens, traffic gets dropped which could result in data loss and failure of delivery of applications that might be critical to business. It thus becomes the top priority of a network administrator to attach maximum importance to business-critical applications over other bandwidth-intensive applications that are not relevant to the business.</p> <p>Let us consider a scenario where a congested network handles FTP and a VoIP call. FTP has a lower level of sensitivity to latency and network sluggishness. Although, the transfer may happen at a slower rate, the delivery of the file is not affected but for the speed of delivery. But, if VoIP packets get affected due to network sluggishness, it will result in a choppy audio at the receiving end, thereby defeating the very purpose of communication. The reliance on the network for voice and video has opened up a critical factor called 'delay sensitivity of an application'. Even the slightest delays can result in poor quality of the VoIP or the video call thereby affecting smooth functioning of the business that is largely dependent on the network. In this scenario, prioritizing the applications becomes an essential function of a network administrator.</p>  <h3>Business requirements of the new age</h3> <p>Network utilization patterns have drastically changed over the years. Video traffic volume on the network is increasing manifolds. The demand for High Definition and 3D demands more bandwidth and adds even more to the network congestion. Here are some statistics from Cisco Visual Networking Index findings:</p> <ul> <li>Global IP traffic will touch the zettabyte threshold by 2015</li> <li>The number of devices connected to IP networks will be twice as high as the global population</li> <li>In 2015 Traffic from wireless devices will exceed traffic from wired devices by 2015</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>With the explosive rate at which the bulk of video traffic is increasing in the network, throwing in more bandwidth is one way of handling it. But, when approaches like 'sustainability', 'judicious use of existing resources' are the key to running a business in these times, making optimum use of the currently available resources is a better approach. QoS is a mechanism that helps in achieving this objective with great ease.</p> <h3>QoS design</h3> <p>An understanding of what constitutes your QoS set up is extremely important for effective implementation. The fundamental aspects of QoS are:</p> <ol> <li>Classification</li> <li>Policing & queuing</li> </ol> <h3>Classification:</h3> <p>As we have seen earlier, there are different types of applications that run on the network. Applications like mail, CRM, sharepoint, intranet, database, VoIP, streaming, gaming, file-sharing, file-hosting etc. rely heavily on the network and not all of these are important to business. Even among the business-critical applications, the level of importance of each application is different. As the first step, classifying the applications is essential to determine how to prioritize these different applications. The following 2 steps constitute classification of traffic:</p> <ol> <li>Identifying traffic</li> <li>Marking</li> </ol> <p>Traditionally, the access control lists (ACLs) were used as identification tools. The access list typically is a set of statements that defines a specific pattern that would be found in an IP packet. In this approach, the packet entering an interface is scanned for the specific pattern and the decision to allow or deny it depends on the pattern match. A major handicap of this approach is, the longer the list, the longer is the look-up time. In case of delay-sensitive applications, this approach wouldn't work well due to its insensitivity to latency.</p> <p><strong>Application Categories</strong></p> <ol> <li>Intranet</li> <li>Productivity tools</li> <li>CRM</li> <li>ERP</li> <li>MIS</li> <li>Peer-To-Peer File sharing</li> <li>Gaming</li> <li>Torrents</li> </ol> <p><strong>Application Sub Categories</strong></p> <ol> <li>Intranet</li> <li>Database</li> <li>Streaming</li> <li>ePayment</li> <li>SAP</li> <li>Salesforce</li> <li>Zoho CRM</li> <li>P2P file system</li> </ol> <p>NBAR is thus an intelligent classification engine that helps in driving your QoS metrics within acceptable norms.</p> <h3>Application type classification: NBAR</h3> <p>NBAR is a system to classify traffic in the network. NBAR is Network Based Application Recognition is capable of monitoring Layer 4 through Layer 7 traffic and not just the application layer. With such deep visibility, it can recognize applications that use dynamic ports like skype that pertain to specific categories and subcategories of applications on the network. Some categories of applications running on the network are:</p> <h3>Marking:</h3> <p>In the marking action, the identified packet is associated with a unique value (marked with) pertaining to its class of traffic. The packet will be identified with this marked value, in QoS terms and its treatment will depend on this marked value. The common marking options available on Cisco routers and switches are IP Precedence, DSCP, CoS, ToS bits, QoS group, and MPLS EXP values. For optimum use of router resources, it is highly recommended to do the marking as close to the source as possible. Marking is the basis for assigning priority to traffic on the network.</p> <h3>Queuing:</h3> <p>A queue is used to store traffic until it is allowed to pass. It is imperative to have a queuing mechanism in place even though the chances of congestion are very minimal. Queuing is particularly useful when organizations assign low-speed links for non-essential applications pertaining to web traffic like file sharing etc. High speeds are generally recommended for business-related applications like Citrix, Webex etc. Cisco recommends the following queuing guidelines for organizations:</p> <ol> <li>Bandwidth allocation for best effort class - A minimum of 25%</li> <li>Bandwidth allocation for priority class - A maximum of 33%</li> <li>Bandwidth allocation for scavenger class - Less than 5%</li> <li>For congestion avoidance in select TCP flows - non-priority queue</li> </ol> <h3>Some queuing mechanisms</h3> <p>Out of the available queuing mechanisms, the network Administrator can follow an approach that best matches with the goals and objectives of the organization, the network type etc. But, it is highly recommended to have a queuing mechanism in place.</p> <h3>Implementing QoS:</h3> <p>The three key components of implementing QoS are:</p> <ol> <li>Creating class maps</li> <li>Creating Policy maps</li> <li>Servicing Policies</li> </ol> <h3>Creating Class maps:</h3> <p>Class map is where the criteria Layer 3, Layer 4 and the Layer 7 are set which helps identify the class of traffic. This is an important element of classifying the different types of traffic in the network. A class map is the basis with which traffic is classified and one defines the different classes of traffic on the network with the information that we get from the Application, Transport and the Network layer.</p> <p>Class map is where the criteria Layer 3, Layer 4 and the Layer 7 are set which helps identify the class of traffic. This is an important element of classifying the different types of traffic in the network. A class map is the basis with which traffic is classified and one defines the different classes of traffic on the network with the information that we get from the Application, Transport and the Network layer. The key component of class maps is 'match statements' and 'match criteria'. A set of conditions are specified according to the network administrator's requirement to classify traffic. When the matching requirements are met, the packet is classified under the respective class name. If the match statement fails, the packet falls under the default class. The class under which a packet falls will determine its chances of being dropped or passed when a congestion occurs.</p> <h3>A small case example:</h3> <p>A match statement could be written to segregate FTP packets and VoIP packets. The VoIP packets are much more delay-sensitive than the FTP packets. Thus, when the VoIP packets are separated from the default packets, it would help in prioritizing the VoIP packets considering their sensitivity to latency and delay.</p> <h3>Creating Policy maps:</h3> <p>Once the class maps created, the next step is to decide how to handle the classified traffic. The segmentation of traffic into different classes is now over and the network administrator needs to decide how to handle these different classes in an efficient manner.</p> <h3>Servicing the policies:</h3> <p>Activating the policies happens using the service policy command. Once the classes are defined and the policy is determined, activating these policies is the implementation step that happens through service policies.</p> <h3>Measuring QoS effectiveness:</h3> <p>After QoS design and implementation, validation is the final and key step. The only way to validate a quantity is to measure it. Thus, measuring and monitoring of QoS becomes a vital aspect of ensuring effective QoS policies in the network. The depth and scope of <a href="https://www.manageengine.com/products/netflow/qos-monitoring.html" target="_blank">QoS monitoring</a> varies on a case-by-case basis. But, by minimum standards, the monitoring should include link utilization trends and packet drop information.</p> <p>There are several ways to monitor QoS like Cisco-Class-based-QoS-MIB, NetFlow etc. Collecting a lot of data is possible using Cisco CBQoS but there needs to be a supporting back-end tool to classify the data and convert into useful information in easy-to-interpret forms. The tool must also be capable of sorting the data and flagging the drop rates.</p> <h3>NetFlow Analyzer's CBQoS reports</h3> <p>ManageEngine NetFlow Analyzer supports Cisco CBQoS and thus reports on the QoS policies that you have deployed. The report shows the pre-policy, post-policy and drops in different traffic class along with the queuing. CBQoS monitoring in such a deep level helps you validate the QoS policies. You can change your policies according to the reports, which you see in NetFlow Analyzer. 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