Restless Legs Syndrome | Psychology Today Singapore

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-SG" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/FAQPage"> <head> <title>Restless Legs Syndrome | Psychology Today Singapore</title> <meta charset="utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" /> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"":"Psychology Today","entityLangcode":"en","page_type":"node","drupal_node_type":"reference","drupal_node_nid":"1107160","drupal_node_title":"Restless Legs Syndrome","userUid":0,"event":"drupal_node_view","ContentWeb":"Conditions"});</script> <meta name="description" content="Restless legs syndrome, also called Willis-Ekbom Disease, is a neurological sleep disorder in which a person experiences an urge to move their legs or arms, and this urge is accompanied by or in response to uncomfortable sensations in the limbs. These uncomfortable sensations are often described as creeping, crawling, tingling, burning, throbbing, pulling, or itching. 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</header> <div class="outer-layout-container"> <main class="layout-content layout-container" > <div class="layout-content-full"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--grid layout-container--primary-left-rail--single"> <div class="layout-content-main"> <div> <div id="block-pt-content" class="block">     <article data-history-node-id="1107160" role="article" class="basics-full"> <div class="content-header d-flex reference-header"> <div class="content-header--text"> <h1 class="reference__title section-title">Restless Legs Syndrome</h1> <p class="reference__review-info fine-print"> <a href="/sg/docs/editorial-process" class="reference__review-info-link"> <span class="reference__review-info-icon"></span> <span class="reference__review-info-text">Reviewed by Psychology Today Staff</span> </a> </p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="reference__body"> <div class="field-name-body"> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Restless legs syndrome, also called Willis-Ekbom Disease, is a neurological <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/insomnia" title="Psychology Today looks at sleep disorder" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">sleep disorder</a> in which a person experiences an urge to move their legs or arms, and this urge is accompanied by or in response to uncomfortable sensations in the limbs. These uncomfortable sensations are often described as creeping, crawling, tingling, burning, throbbing, pulling, or itching. The sensations can range from discomfort to painful. Restless legs syndrome can affect just one side of the body, but it more often occurs on both sides at once; sometimes the pain can even migrate around the body. Moving the legs gives the person some relief. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The prevalence of restless legs syndrome varies widely but ranges from 4 to 14 percent of the general population. The prevalence of restless legs syndrome increases with age, and women are more likely than men to have this condition. Restless legs syndrome is generally diagnosed after symptoms have persisted for at least three months</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="table-of-contents border-top"> <h4 class="table-of-contents--title">Contents</h4> <ul> <li class="table-of-contents--item"> <a href="#symptoms"> Symptoms </a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents--item"> <a href="#causes"> Causes </a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents--item"> <a href="#treatment"> Treatment </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference__sections"> <div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="symptoms" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div class="h2 section-title"> Symptoms </div> <div class="section__body"> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>People with restless legs syndrome (RLS) experience uncomfortable feelings in their legs and have a strong desire to move their legs. This urge to move is worse when the person is resting or inactive, and frequent leg movement occurs to relieve that urge. Symptoms are worse in the evening or at night, with some people only experiencing the symptoms at night. The symptoms of RLS can make falling asleep difficult and may awaken a person from their sleep. As a result, restless legs syndrome is associated with daytime sleepiness, significant distress, and impairment in daily functioning. It can be a lifelong difficulty with no cure, but symptoms can also abate or disappear for periods of time.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The symptoms of RLS are unpredictable and tend to vary in severity and frequency, depending on the individual patient. They grow worse as the disorder progresses. Symptoms may appear once or twice weekly in a moderate case of RLS but appear more frequently in more severe cases. Restless legs syndrome can also contribute to <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/anxiety" title="Psychology Today looks at anxiety" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/depression" title="Psychology Today looks at depression" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">depression</a>, difficulty concentrating, and poor performance at work or school. It can affect someone’s personal relationships and can make traveling extremely challenging.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pt-ad pt-ad--300x250 d-block d-none d-md-block d-lg-none block" id="block-ad-subpage-300x250-programmatically-rendered"> <div class="pt-ad--container pt-ad-show-text"> <div class="pt-ad--text"> <span>article continues after advertisement</span> </div> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9" class="pt-ad--content"> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.googletag && googletag.apiReady) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9'); }); } </script> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="causes" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div class="h2 section-title"> Causes </div> <div class="section__body"> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The cause of restless legs syndrome is not clear. Signaling pathways may change in the brain, which may contribute to the syndrome. There are several factors that can influence the development of the condition. Risk factors include being female, increasing age, genetic variants, and a family history of restless legs syndrome.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Low levels of iron and abnormal regulation of <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/dopamine" title="Psychology Today looks at dopamine" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">dopamine</a> may also play a role, a simple blood test can show whether there is an iron deficiency. <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/pregnancy" title="Psychology Today looks at Pregnant" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">Pregnant</a> women are at greater risk for restless leg syndrome, particularly in the last trimester, but RLS symptoms generally clear up within four weeks of giving birth. Sleep deprivation and other sleep-related conditions, like sleep apnea, have been known to trigger episodes of restless legs syndrome. Additionally, symptoms can worsen if a person takes certain medications, such as <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/ssris" title="Psychology Today looks at antidepressants" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">antidepressants</a> and medications that block dopamine in the brain.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> <div class="faqs"> <div class="faq faq--1 faq--last"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> Does restless legs syndrome run in families? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>Restless legs syndrome can be found in families as there is a <a href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov">genetic component</a>, with symptom onset often appearing before the age of 40. The <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/genetics" title="Psychology Today looks at gene" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">gene</a> variants of PTPRD, BTBD9, and MEIS1 have been associated with RLS.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="treatment" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div class="h2 section-title"> Treatment </div> <div class="section__body"> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Treatment for restless legs syndrome depends on the severity of the condition. If symptoms are mild and do not cause a great deal of distress, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/habit-formation" title="Psychology Today looks at behavioral changes" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">behavioral changes</a> such as increasing exercise, massaging the legs, or soaking the legs in water may be beneficial. Medication may be a necessary form of treatment if symptoms are more severe.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for restless legs syndrome include pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine patch, and gabapentin enacarbil. However, there can be side effects of these medications, including dizziness and fatigue among other complications. The symptoms of restless legs syndrome may also be associated with another medical condition such as iron deficiency, in which case symptoms may improve once the underlying condition has been treated.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> <div class="faqs"> <div class="faq faq--1"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> Can massage or a warm bath help? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p> Massage can alleviate the symptoms; likewise, heating pads and ice packs can be helpful. There are also devices such as vibrating pads for the legs as well as wraps that apply pressure to the feet.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--2"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> Can regular sleep hygiene help alleviate restless legs? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>Falling asleep and staying asleep can help improve all types of sleep difficulties. General sleep hygiene is advised.</p> <p>• Go to sleep and wake up at the same time daily</p> <p>• If you are awake in bed for more than five to 10 minutes, get up</p> <p>• Avoid napping</p> <p>• Avoid caffeine in the afternoon</p> <p>• Avoid large meals, especially before bed</p> <p>• Limit <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/alcohol" title="Psychology Today looks at alcohol" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">alcohol</a> intake</p> <p>• Ban screens in the bedroom</p> <p>• Avoid <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/internet-addiction" title="Psychology Today looks at screen time" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">screen time</a> before bedtime</p> <p>• Open a window for fresh air</p> <p>• Keep a comfortable bedroom temperature</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--3 collapsed"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> What substances aggravate restless legs? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>Caffeine in coffee, tea, and soda can exacerbate restless legs. In addition, alcohol and nicotine can also affect a person. These should be avoided especially before bedtime. In general, a proper <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/diet" title="Psychology Today looks at diet" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">diet</a> with plenty of nutrients and less sugar and processed foods is recommended. A diet including iron—found in spinach, seafood, and legumes—as well as <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29093983/">magnesium</a>—found in leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and legumes—may help.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--4 collapsed"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> Does physical activity alleviate restless legs? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>A regular exercise routine improves sleep overall. Simple regimens such as walking, yoga, swimming, jogging, bicycling, or other simple practices are all helpful. And with any physical activity, proper stretching will loosen tight muscles.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--5 collapsed faq--last"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> Can everyday medications worsen restless leg symptoms? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>Some medications such as over-the-counter drugs for nausea, cold, and allergies can worsen restless legs by interfering with dopamine receptors. In addition, prescription <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/psychopharmacology" title="Psychology Today looks at antipsychotics" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">antipsychotics</a> and antidepressants can increase serotonin, which may also aggravate symptoms.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="reference__citations section--separator"> <h5>References</h5> <div class="citations"> <div class="citation citation--1"> Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition </div> <div class="citation citation--2"> Muth, C. C. (2017). Restless Legs Syndrome.聽Jama,聽317(7), 780-780. </div> </div> <div class="revision-current">Last updated: 07/07/2021 </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="layout-content-left-rail--first" role="complementary"> <div> <div id="block-conditionsnavigation" class="block index-page-menu"> <article> <div class="h2 index-page-menu--title"> Diagnosis Dictionary </div> <div class="index-page-menu--image hero--image"> <img src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/index_page_navigation_image/public/2021-06/conditions-shutterstock-1696550344_0.jpg?itok=XiF2PjYS" width="519" height="198" alt="Decorative Image" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="index-page-menu--items"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-ba5677fe2d2cf67f9acfc4de1031e148265a6d5b447565c5bf6992019c008a99"> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Abuse/Neglect</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content 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href="/sg/conditions/brief-psychotic-disorder" title="Brief Psychotic Disorder ">Brief Psychotic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/catatonia" title="Catatonia ">Catatonia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/delusional-disorder" title="Delusional Disorder ">Delusional Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/hallucinogen-persisting-perception-disorder" title="Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) ">Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) </a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/paranoid-personality-disorder" title="Paranoid Personality Disorder ">Paranoid Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/psychotic-disorder-due-another-medical-condition" title="Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition ">Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/schizoaffective-disorder" title="Schizoaffective Disorder ">Schizoaffective Disorder</a></li> <li><a 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href="/sg/conditions/pedophilia" title="Pedophilia ">Pedophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sexual-desire-disorder" title="Sexual Desire Disorder ">Sexual Desire Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sexual-masochism-disorder" title="Sexual Masochism Disorder ">Sexual Masochism Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sexual-sadism-disorder" title="Sexual Sadism Disorder ">Sexual Sadism Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/transvestic-disorder" title="Transvestic Disorder ">Transvestic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/voyeuristic-disorder" title="Voyeuristic Disorder ">Voyeuristic Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title--open"><span class="title-text">Sleep Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed accordion--content--open"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/circadian-rhythm-sleep-wake-disorders" title="Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake 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