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class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">List of English prepositions</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/List_of_English_prepositions" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_English_prepositions" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+English+prepositions" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/English_prepositions" title="English prepositions">English prepositions</a></div> This is a list of English <a href="/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition and postposition">prepositions</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Prototypical_prepositions">1 Prototypical prepositions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Intransitive_prepositions">2 Intransitive prepositions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Conjunctive_prepositions">3 Conjunctive prepositions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Postpositions">4 Postpositions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Complex_prepositions">5 Complex prepositions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Preposition_+_preposition">5.1 Preposition + preposition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Preposition_+_(article)_+_noun_+_preposition">5.2 Preposition + (article) + noun + preposition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Other_complex_prepositions">5.3 Other complex prepositions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Archaic,_dialectal,_or_specialized">6 Archaic, dialectal, or specialized</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Prototypical_prepositions_2">6.1 Prototypical prepositions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Intransitive_prepositions_2">6.2 Intransitive prepositions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Conjunctive_prepositions_2">6.3 Conjunctive prepositions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Postpositions_2">6.4 Postpositions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Complex_prepositions_2">6.5 Complex prepositions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#See_also">7 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Notes">8 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#References">9 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Prototypical_prepositions">Prototypical prepositions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prototypical prepositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The following are single-word prepositions that can take a noun phrase complement following the preposition. Prepositions in this section may also take other kinds of complements in addition to noun phrase complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk can be used transitively or intransitively; that is, they can take noun phrase complements (e.g., he was in the house) or not (e.g., he was in). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/a#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:a">a</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aboard#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:aboard">aboard</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/about#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:about">about</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/about#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:about">abt.</a> (written abbreviation)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/above#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:above">above</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abreast#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:abreast">abreast</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/absent#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:absent">absent</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL610-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/across#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:across">across</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/after#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:after">after</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/against#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:against">against</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aloft" class="extiw" title="wikt:aloft">aloft</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/along#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:along">along</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alongside#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:alongside">alongside</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amid#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:amid">amid</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amidst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:amidst">amidst</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mid#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:mid">mid</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/midst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:midst">midst</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/among#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:among">among</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amongst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:amongst">amongst</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anti#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:anti">anti</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apropos#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:apropos">apropos</a>*<a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/around#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:around">around</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/round#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:round">round</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:as">as</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aslant#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:aslant">aslant</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astride#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:astride">astride</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/at#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:at">at</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/@#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:@">@</a> (written alternative)<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atop#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:atop">atop</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ontop#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ontop">ontop</a> (nonstandard)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bar#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:bar">bar</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/barring#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:barring">barring</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/before#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:before">before</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/B4#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:B4">B4</a> (written abbreviation)<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/behind#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:behind">behind</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/below#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:below">below</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beneath#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:beneath">beneath</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neath#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:neath">neath</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beside#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:beside">beside</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/besides#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:besides">besides</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/between#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:between">between</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/*%27tween#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:*'tween">'tween</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beyond#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:beyond">beyond</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/but#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:but">but</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/by#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:by">by</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chez#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:chez">chez</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circa#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:circa">circa</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-American_Heritage_Dictionary_2020-24">[24]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/c.#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:c.">c.</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ca.#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ca.">ca.</a> (abbreviations)<a href="#cite_note-American_Heritage_Dictionary_2020-24">[24]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/come#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:come">come</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concerning#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:concerning">concerning</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contra#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:contra">contra</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/counting" class="extiw" title="wikt:counting">counting</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cum#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:cum">cum</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/despite#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:despite">despite</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spite#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:spite">spite</a> (abbreviation)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/down#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:down">down</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/during#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:during">during</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/effective" class="extiw" title="wikt:effective">effective</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL610-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ere#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ere">ere</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/except#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:except">except</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/excepting#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:excepting">excepting</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/excluding#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:excluding">excluding</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/failing#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:failing">failing</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/following#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:following">following</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/for#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:for">for</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/4#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:4">4</a> (abbreviation)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/from#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:from">from</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:in">in</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/including#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:including">including</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inside#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:inside">inside</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/into#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:into">into</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/less#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:less">less</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/like#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:like">like</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/minus#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:minus">minus</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modulo#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:modulo">modulo</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mod#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:mod">mod</a> (abbreviation)<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/near#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:near">near</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nearer#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nearer">nearer</a> (comparative)<a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nearest#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nearest">nearest</a> (superlative)<a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/next#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:next">next</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/notwithstanding#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:notwithstanding">notwithstanding</a>* (also postpositional)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:of">of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/o%27#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:o'">o'</a> (written alternative; informal)<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/off#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:off">off</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/offshore#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:offshore">offshore</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/on#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:on">on</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onto#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:onto">onto</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/opposite#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:opposite">opposite</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL610-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/out#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:out">out</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outside#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:outside">outside</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/over#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:over">over</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/o%27er#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:o'er">o'er</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pace#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:pace">pace</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/past#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:past">past</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pending#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:pending">pending</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/per#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:per">per</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plus#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:plus">plus</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/post#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:post">post</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pre#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:pre">pre</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pro#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:pro">pro</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/qua#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:qua">qua</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/re#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:re">re</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regarding#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:regarding">regarding</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/respecting#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:respecting">respecting</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sans#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sans">sans</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/save#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:save">save</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saving#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:saving">saving</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/short#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:short">short</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/since#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:since">since</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sub#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sub">sub</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/than#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:than">than</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/through#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:through">through</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thru#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:thru">thru</a> (informal)<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/throughout#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:throughout">throughout</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thruout#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:thruout">thruout</a> (simplified spelling)<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/till#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:till">till</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/times#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:times">times</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:to">to</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/t%27#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:t'">t'</a> (abbreviation)<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/2#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:2">2</a> (abbreviation)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/touching#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:touching">touching</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toward#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:toward">toward</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/towards#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:towards">towards</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/under#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:under">under</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/underneath#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:underneath">underneath</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unlike#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:unlike">unlike</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/until#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:until">until</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unto#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:unto">unto</a> (poetic)<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/up#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:up">up</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upon#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:upon">upon</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/versus#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:versus">versus</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-versus-48">[48]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vs.#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:vs.">vs.</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v.#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:v.">v.</a> (abbreviations)<a href="#cite_note-versus-48">[48]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/via#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:via">via</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vice#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:vice">vice</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> (formal)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vis-%C3%A0-vis#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:vis-à-vis">vis-à-vis</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> (formal)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wanting#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:wanting">wanting</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts80-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/with#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:with">with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/w/#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:w/">w/</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/w.#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:w.">w.</a> (abbreviation)<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/c%CC%84#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:c̄">c̄</a> (abbreviation in prescriptions)<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/within#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:within">within</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/w/i#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:w/i">w/i</a> (abbreviation)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/without#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:without">without</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%27thout#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:'thout">'thout</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/w/o#Adverb" class="extiw" title="wikt:w/o">w/o</a> (abbreviation)<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/worth" class="extiw" title="wikt:worth">worth</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Intransitive_prepositions">Intransitive prepositions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Intransitive prepositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> The following are single-word intransitive prepositions. This portion of the list includes only prepositions that are always intransitive; prepositions that can occur with or without noun phrase complements (that is, transitively or intransitively) are listed with the prototypical prepositions. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from <a href="/wiki/Traditional_grammar" title="Traditional grammar">traditional grammar</a> may categorize these intransitive prepositions as adverbs. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abroad" class="extiw" title="wikt:abroad">abroad</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[a]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adrift" class="extiw" title="wikt:adrift">adrift</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aft" class="extiw" title="wikt:aft">aft</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/afterward" class="extiw" title="wikt:afterward">afterward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahead" class="extiw" title="wikt:ahead">ahead</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[b]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apart" class="extiw" title="wikt:apart">apart</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ashore" class="extiw" title="wikt:ashore">ashore</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aside" class="extiw" title="wikt:aside">aside</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[c]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/away" class="extiw" title="wikt:away">away</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/back" class="extiw" title="wikt:back">back</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/backward" class="extiw" title="wikt:backward">backward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beforehand" class="extiw" title="wikt:beforehand">beforehand</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/downhill" class="extiw" title="wikt:downhill">downhill</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/downstage" class="extiw" title="wikt:downstage">downstage</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/downstairs" class="extiw" title="wikt:downstairs">downstairs</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/downstream" class="extiw" title="wikt:downstream">downstream</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/downward" class="extiw" title="wikt:downward">downward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/downwind" class="extiw" title="wikt:downwind">downwind</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/east" class="extiw" title="wikt:east">east</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eastward" class="extiw" title="wikt:eastward">eastward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forth" class="extiw" title="wikt:forth">forth</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[d]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forward" class="extiw" title="wikt:forward">forward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heavenward" class="extiw" title="wikt:heavenward">heavenward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hence" class="extiw" title="wikt:hence">hence</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/henceforth" class="extiw" title="wikt:henceforth">henceforth</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/here" class="extiw" title="wikt:here">here</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hereby" class="extiw" title="wikt:hereby">hereby</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/herein" class="extiw" title="wikt:herein">herein</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hereof" class="extiw" title="wikt:hereof">hereof</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hereto" class="extiw" title="wikt:hereto">hereto</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/herewith" class="extiw" title="wikt:herewith">herewith</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/home" class="extiw" title="wikt:home">home</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homeward" class="extiw" title="wikt:homeward">homeward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indoors" class="extiw" title="wikt:indoors">indoors</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inward" class="extiw" title="wikt:inward">inward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leftward" class="extiw" title="wikt:leftward">leftward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/north" class="extiw" title="wikt:north">north</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/northeast" class="extiw" title="wikt:northeast">northeast</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/northward" class="extiw" title="wikt:northward">northward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/northwest" class="extiw" title="wikt:northwest">northwest</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/now" class="extiw" title="wikt:now">now</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onward" class="extiw" title="wikt:onward">onward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[e]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outdoors" class="extiw" title="wikt:outdoors">outdoors</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outward" class="extiw" title="wikt:outward">outward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overboard" class="extiw" title="wikt:overboard">overboard</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overhead" class="extiw" title="wikt:overhead">overhead</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overland" class="extiw" title="wikt:overland">overland</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overseas" class="extiw" title="wikt:overseas">overseas</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rightward" class="extiw" title="wikt:rightward">rightward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seaward" class="extiw" title="wikt:seaward">seaward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skyward" class="extiw" title="wikt:skyward">skyward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/south" class="extiw" title="wikt:south">south</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/southeast" class="extiw" title="wikt:southeast">southeast</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/southward" class="extiw" title="wikt:southward">southward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/southwest" class="extiw" title="wikt:southwest">southwest</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/then" class="extiw" title="wikt:then">then</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thence" class="extiw" title="wikt:thence">thence</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thenceforth" class="extiw" title="wikt:thenceforth">thenceforth</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/there" class="extiw" title="wikt:there">there</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thereby" class="extiw" title="wikt:thereby">thereby</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/therein" class="extiw" title="wikt:therein">therein</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thereof" class="extiw" title="wikt:thereof">thereof</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thereto" class="extiw" title="wikt:thereto">thereto</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/therewith" class="extiw" title="wikt:therewith">therewith</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/together" class="extiw" title="wikt:together">together</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[f]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/underfoot" class="extiw" title="wikt:underfoot">underfoot</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/underground" class="extiw" title="wikt:underground">underground</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uphill" class="extiw" title="wikt:uphill">uphill</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upstage" class="extiw" title="wikt:upstage">upstage</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upstairs" class="extiw" title="wikt:upstairs">upstairs</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upstream" class="extiw" title="wikt:upstream">upstream</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upward" class="extiw" title="wikt:upward">upward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[g]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upwind" class="extiw" title="wikt:upwind">upwind</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/west" class="extiw" title="wikt:west">west</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/westward" class="extiw" title="wikt:westward">westward(s)</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/when" class="extiw" title="wikt:when">when</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whence" class="extiw" title="wikt:whence">whence</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/where" class="extiw" title="wikt:where">where</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whereby" class="extiw" title="wikt:whereby">whereby</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wherein" class="extiw" title="wikt:wherein">wherein</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whereto" class="extiw" title="wikt:whereto">whereto</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wherewith" class="extiw" title="wikt:wherewith">wherewith</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Conjunctive_prepositions">Conjunctive prepositions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conjunctive prepositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> The following are single-word prepositions that take clauses as complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk in this section can only take <a href="/wiki/Non-finite_clause" title="Non-finite clause">non-finite clauses</a> as complements. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these conjunctive prepositions as subordinating conjunctions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/after" class="extiw" title="wikt:after">after</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/although" class="extiw" title="wikt:although">although</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as" class="extiw" title="wikt:as">as</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/at" class="extiw" title="wikt:at">at</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/because" class="extiw" title="wikt:because">because</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/before" class="extiw" title="wikt:before">before</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beside" class="extiw" title="wikt:beside">beside</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/besides" class="extiw" title="wikt:besides">besides</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/between" class="extiw" title="wikt:between">between</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/by" class="extiw" title="wikt:by">by</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/considering" class="extiw" title="wikt:considering">considering</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/despite" class="extiw" title="wikt:despite">despite</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/except" class="extiw" title="wikt:except">except</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/for" class="extiw" title="wikt:for">for</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/from" class="extiw" title="wikt:from">from</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[h]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/given" class="extiw" title="wikt:given">given</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/granted" class="extiw" title="wikt:granted">granted</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/if" class="extiw" title="wikt:if">if</a> (conditional sense)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/into" class="extiw" title="wikt:into">into</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lest" class="extiw" title="wikt:lest">lest</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/like" class="extiw" title="wikt:like">like</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/notwithstanding" class="extiw" title="wikt:notwithstanding">notwithstanding</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/now" class="extiw" title="wikt:now">now</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/of" class="extiw" title="wikt:of">of</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/on" class="extiw" title="wikt:on">on</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/once" class="extiw" title="wikt:once">once</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/provided" class="extiw" title="wikt:provided">provided</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/providing" class="extiw" title="wikt:providing">providing</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/save" class="extiw" title="wikt:save">save</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seeing" class="extiw" title="wikt:seeing">seeing</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/since" class="extiw" title="wikt:since">since</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/so" class="extiw" title="wikt:so">so</a> (purpose or result sense)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supposing" class="extiw" title="wikt:supposing">supposing</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/than" class="extiw" title="wikt:than">than</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/though" class="extiw" title="wikt:though">though</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/till" class="extiw" title="wikt:till">till</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/to" class="extiw" title="wikt:to">to</a>*<a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unless" class="extiw" title="wikt:unless">unless</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/until" class="extiw" title="wikt:until">until</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upon" class="extiw" title="wikt:upon">upon</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/when" class="extiw" title="wikt:when">when</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whenever" class="extiw" title="wikt:whenever">whenever</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/where" class="extiw" title="wikt:where">where</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whereas" class="extiw" title="wikt:whereas">whereas</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wherever" class="extiw" title="wikt:wherever">wherever</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/while" class="extiw" title="wikt:while">while</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whilst" class="extiw" title="wikt:whilst">whilst</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/with" class="extiw" title="wikt:with">with</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/without" class="extiw" title="wikt:without">without</a>*<a href="#cite_note-Aarts154-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[i]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Postpositions">Postpositions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Postpositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> The following are postpositions, prepositions whose complements typically precede them. Note that some grammars classify prepositions and postpositions as different kinds of adpositions while other grammars categorize both under the heading of the more common variety in the language. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ago#Postposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ago">ago</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts79-78">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL631-79">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apart#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:apart">apart</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts79-78">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL631-79">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aside#Postposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:aside">aside</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts79-78">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL631-79">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aslant#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:aslant">aslant</a> (archaic)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/away#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:away">away</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hence#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:hence">hence</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/notwithstanding#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:notwithstanding">notwithstanding</a> (also prepositional)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts79-78">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL631-79">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/on#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:on">on</a> (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like "ten years on")<a href="#cite_note-CGEL631-79">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/over#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:over">over</a> (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like "the world over")<a href="#cite_note-CGEL631-79">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/short#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:short">short</a> (also prepositional)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/through#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:through">through</a> (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like "the whole day through")<a href="#cite_note-Aarts79-78">[69]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Complex_prepositions">Complex prepositions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Complex prepositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> The following are prepositions that consist of multiple words. They are categorized according to their structure. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preposition_+_preposition">Preposition + preposition</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Preposition + preposition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/according_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:according to">according to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/across_from#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:across from">across from</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahead_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ahead of">ahead of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/along_with#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:along with">along with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apart_from#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:apart from">apart from</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as_for#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:as for">as for</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL624-83">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-OEDas-84">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as_from#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:as from">as from</a> (formal)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL624-83">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-OEDas-84">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:as of">as of</a><a href="#cite_note-OEDas-84">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as_per#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:as per">as per</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL624-83">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as_regards#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:as regards">as regards</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:as to">as to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL624-83">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-OEDas-84">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aside_from#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:aside from">aside from</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/away_from#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:away from">away from</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/back_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:back to">back to</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/because_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:because of">because of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL624-83">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/counter_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:counter to">counter to</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/except_for#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:except for">except for</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_between#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:in between">in between</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL624-83">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/instead_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:instead of">instead of</a> (informal)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/near_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:near to">near to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/next_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:next to">next to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/opposite_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:opposite of">opposite of</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/out_from#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:out from">out from</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/out_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:out of">out of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL624-83">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outside_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:outside of">outside of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/owing_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:owing to">owing to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pertaining_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:pertaining to">pertaining to</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL611-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/round_about#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:round about">round about</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/up_against#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:up against">up against</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL624-83">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/up_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:up to">up to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL624-83">[74]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preposition_+_(article)_+_noun_+_preposition">Preposition + (article) + noun + preposition</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Preposition + (article) + noun + preposition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> English has many idiomatic expressions that act as prepositions that can be analyzed as a preposition followed by a noun (sometimes preceded by the definite or, occasionally, indefinite <a href="/wiki/English_articles" title="English articles">article</a>) followed by another preposition.<a href="#cite_note-95">[86]</a> Common examples include: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/behest" class="extiw" title="wikt:behest">at the behest of</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expense" class="extiw" title="wikt:expense">at the expense of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hands" class="extiw" title="wikt:hands">at the hands of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/risk" class="extiw" title="wikt:risk">at (the) risk of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/variance" class="extiw" title="wikt:variance">at variance with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/by_dint_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:by dint of">by dint of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/by_means_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:by means of">by means of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/by_virtue_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:by virtue of">by virtue of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/by_way_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:by way of">by way of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/for_the_sake_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:for the sake of">for (the) sake of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/for_lack_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:for lack of">for lack of</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/for_want_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:for want of">for/from want of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_accordance_with" class="extiw" title="wikt:in accordance with">in accordance with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_addition_to" class="extiw" title="wikt:in addition to">in addition to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_case_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in case of">in case of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_charge" class="extiw" title="wikt:in charge">in charge of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/compliance" class="extiw" title="wikt:compliance">in compliance with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conformity" class="extiw" title="wikt:conformity">in conformity with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contact" class="extiw" title="wikt:contact">in contact with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_exchange" class="extiw" title="wikt:in exchange">in exchange for</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_favor_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in favor of">in favor of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_front_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in front of">in front of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_lieu_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in lieu of">in lieu of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_the_light_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in the light of">in (the) light of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_line" class="extiw" title="wikt:in line">in line with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_place_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in place of">in place of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_point_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in point of">in point of</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quest" class="extiw" title="wikt:quest">in quest of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_relation_to" class="extiw" title="wikt:in relation to">in relation to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/with_regard_to" class="extiw" title="wikt:with regard to">in/with regard to</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/with_respect_to" class="extiw" title="wikt:with respect to">in/with respect to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_return" class="extiw" title="wikt:in return">in return for</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/search" class="extiw" title="wikt:search">in search of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_spite_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in spite of">in spite of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_step" class="extiw" title="wikt:in step">in step with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_touch" class="extiw" title="wikt:in touch">in touch with</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_terms_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in terms of">in terms of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_the_name_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in the name of">in the name of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_view_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in view of">in view of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/on_account_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:on account of">on account of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/on_behalf_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:on behalf of">on behalf of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ground" class="extiw" title="wikt:ground">on (the) grounds of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/part" class="extiw" title="wikt:part">on the part of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/on_top_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:on top of">on top of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/with_a_view_to" class="extiw" title="wikt:with a view to">with a view to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/with_the_exception_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:with the exception of">with the exception of</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL618-96">[87]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_complex_prepositions">Other complex prepositions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other complex prepositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The following complex prepositions do not follow either of the common structures for complex prepositions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/a_la#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:a la">à la</a> (or a la)<a href="#cite_note-CGEL635-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as_soon_as#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:as soon as">as soon as</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/as_well_as#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:as well as">as well as</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/close_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:close to">close to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/due_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:due to">due to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/far_from#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:far from">far from</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_case#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:in case">in case</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/other_than#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:other than">other than</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[94]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/per_pro#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:per pro">per pro</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[95]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prior_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:prior to">prior to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pursuant_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:pursuant to">pursuant to</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[97]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rather_than#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:rather than">rather than</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regardless_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:regardless of">regardless of</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subsequent_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:subsequent to">subsequent to</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[100]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/such_as#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:such as">such as</a><a href="#cite_note-Aarts78-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[101]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Archaic,_dialectal,_or_specialized">Archaic, dialectal, or specialized</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Archaic, dialectal, or specialized" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The following prepositions are not widely used in Present-Day English. Some, such as bating and forby, are archaic and typically only used to convey the tone of a bygone era. Others, such as ayond and side, are generally used only by speakers of a particular variety of English. Yet others are generally only used in specialized contexts, such as abaft in nautical settings and dehors in law. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prototypical_prepositions_2">Prototypical prepositions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prototypical prepositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abaft#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:abaft">abaft</a> (nautical)<a href="#cite_note-111">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abating#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:abating">abating</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-112">[103]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abeam#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:abeam">abeam</a> (nautical)<a href="#cite_note-113">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ablow#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ablow">ablow</a> (Scottish and Irish English)<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_English_Dictionary_2020-114">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aboon#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:aboon">aboon</a> (rare)<a href="#cite_note-MWaboon-115">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abouts#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:abouts">abouts</a> (regional, U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-116">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acrost#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:acrost">acrost</a> (regional, Australia, England, and U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-117">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adown#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:adown">adown</a> (archaic; poetic; rare)<a href="#cite_note-118">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/a-eastell#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:a-eastell">a-eastell</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-119">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/afore#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:afore">afore</a> (archaic; regional, Southern and Midland U.S.; nautical)<a href="#cite_note-120">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/afornent#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:afornent">afornent</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-122">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/afront#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:afront">afront</a> (obsolete; regional)<a href="#cite_note-123">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/afterhand#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:afterhand">afterhand</a> (rare; regional)<a href="#cite_note-124">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/again#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:again">again</a> (regional)<a href="#cite_note-125">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahind#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ahind">ahind</a> (dialectal; archaic)<a href="#cite_note-126">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ajax#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ajax">ajax</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polari" title="Polari">Polari</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alength#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:alength">alength</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-127">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alongst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:alongst">alongst</a> (regional, Scotland and U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-128">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aloof#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:aloof">aloof</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-129">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alow#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:alow">alow</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_English_Dictionary_2020-114">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/imell#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:imell">amell</a> (rare; regional, Northern England)<a href="#cite_note-130">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amidmost#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:amidmost">amidmost</a> (poetic)<a href="#cite_note-131">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anear#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:anear">anear</a> (archaic; regional)<a href="#cite_note-132">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aneath#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:aneath">aneath</a> (poetic; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-133">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anent#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:anent">anent</a> (obsolete; rare; regional, Scotland and Yorkshire)<a href="#cite_note-MWaboon-115">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anewst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:anewst">anewst</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-135">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anunder#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:anunder">anunder</a> (regional, Northern England, Ireland, and Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-136">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/askant#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:askant">askant</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-137">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/asklent#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:asklent">asklent</a> (regional, Northern England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-139">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astern#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:astern">astern</a> (nautical)<a href="#cite_note-140">[131]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/athwart#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:athwart">athwart</a> (obsolete; dialectal; nautical)<a href="#cite_note-141">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atour#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:atour">atour</a> (regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-142">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atter#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:atter">atter</a> (regional, Northern England, Southern U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-143">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atween#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:atween">atween</a> (archaic; dialectal)<a href="#cite_note-144">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atwixt#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:atwixt">atwixt</a> (archaic; dialectal)<a href="#cite_note-145">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/a-weather#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:a-weather">a-weather</a> (nautical; obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-146">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/a-west#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:a-west">a-west</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-147">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/awestell#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:awestell">awestell</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-148">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ayond#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ayond">ayond</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ayont#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ayont">ayont</a> (dialectal)<a href="#cite_note-149">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bating#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:bating">bating</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-150">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bedown#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:bedown">bedown</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-151">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/be-east#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:be-east">be-east</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-152">[143]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beforrow#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:beforrow">beforrow</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-153">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/behither#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:behither">behither</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-154">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ben#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ben">ben</a> (dialectal, <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>)<a href="#cite_note-155">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/benorth#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:benorth">benorth</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-156">[147]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/besouth#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:besouth">besouth</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-157">[148]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/betwixt#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:betwixt">betwixt</a> (archaic; poetical; dialectal)<a href="#cite_note-158">[149]</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%27twixt#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:'twixt">'twixt</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-159">[150]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bewest#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:bewest">bewest</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-160">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bongre#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:bongre">bongre</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-161">[152]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bout#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:bout">bout</a> (regional)<a href="#cite_note-162">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[154]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bove#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:bove">bove</a> (poetic; regional)<a href="#cite_note-164">[155]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%27cept#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:'cept">'cept</a> (colloquial)<a href="#cite_note-165">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contrair#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:contrair">contrair</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-166">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contrary#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:contrary">contrary</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-167">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cross#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:cross">cross</a> (dialectal; poetic)<a href="#cite_note-168">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dehors" class="extiw" title="wikt:dehors">dehors</a> (law; rare)<a href="#cite_note-MWaboon-115">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dot#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:dot">dot</a> (mathematics)<a href="#cite_note-170">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/durante#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:durante">durante</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-171">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/effore#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:effore">effore</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-172">[163]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emong#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:emong">emong</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emongest#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:emongest">emonges(t)</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-173">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/endlong#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:endlong">endlong</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/endlonges#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:endlonges">endlonges</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/endlongs#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:endlongs">endlongs</a> (dialectal; obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-175">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enduring#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:enduring">enduring</a> (obsolete; rare, South and South Midland U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-177">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[169]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ensuing#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ensuing">ensuing</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-179">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emforth#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:emforth">even-forth</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-180">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ex#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ex">ex</a> (commerce)<a href="#cite_note-181">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/excepted#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:excepted">excepted</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-182">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extra#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:extra">extra</a> (rare)<a href="#cite_note-183">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fae#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:fae">fae</a> (dialectal, <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>)<a href="#cite_note-184">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forby#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:forby">forby(e)</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-MWaboon-115">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fore#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:fore">fore</a> (regional, U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-186">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fornent#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:fornent">fornent</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fornenst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:fornenst">fornenst</a> (obsolete; regional, Northern England and Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-187">[178]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foregain#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:foregain">foregain</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foregainst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:foregainst">foregains</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foregainst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:foregainst">foregainst</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-188">[179]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forne#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:forne">forne</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-189">[180]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forout#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:forout">forout</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forouten#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:forouten">forouten</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-190">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forrow#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:forrow">forrow</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-191">[182]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forth#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:forth">forth</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-192">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fro" class="extiw" title="wikt:fro">fro</a> (dialectal, <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>)<a href="#cite_note-193">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fromward#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:fromward">fromward</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fromwards#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:fromwards">fromwards</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-194">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/froward#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:froward">froward</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-195">[186]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/furth#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:furth">furth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scotland</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gain#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:gain">gain</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-196">[187]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gainst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:gainst">gainst</a> (informal; poetic)<a href="#cite_note-197">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[189]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gainward#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:gainward">gainward</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-199">[190]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gin#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:gin">gin</a> (regional, Northern England, Ireland, and Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-200">[191]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/half-way#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:half-way">half-way</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/halfway#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:halfway">halfway</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-201">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hent#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:hent">hent</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-202">[193]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inboard#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:inboard">inboard</a> (nautical)<a href="#cite_note-203">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incontrair#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:incontrair">incontrair</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-204">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indurand#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:indurand">indurand</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-205">[196]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inmid#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:inmid">inmid</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inmiddes#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:inmiddes">inmiddes</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inter#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:inter">inter</a> (obsolete; rare)<a href="#cite_note-206">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inthrough#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:inthrough">inthrough</a> (regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-207">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intil" class="extiw" title="wikt:intil">intil</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intill" class="extiw" title="wikt:intill">intill</a> (rare; dialectal, <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>)<a href="#cite_note-MWaboon-115">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inwith#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:inwith">inwith</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-209">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/i%27th%27#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:i'th'">i'th'</a> (archaic; poetic; regional)<a href="#cite_note-210">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%27long#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:'long">'long</a> (regional)<a href="#cite_note-211">[202]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/longs#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:longs">longs</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-212">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/longst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:longst">longst</a> (obsolete; poetic)<a href="#cite_note-213">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/longways#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:longways">longways</a> (rare)<a href="#cite_note-214">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malgrado#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:malgrado">malgrado</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-215">[206]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malgr%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:malgré">malgré</a> (archaic; rare)<a href="#cite_note-MWaboon-115">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mang#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:mang">mang</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Country_English" title="West Country English">Devon</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maugre#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:maugre">maugre</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-217">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/midmost#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:midmost">midmost</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-218">[209]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mids#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:mids">mids</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-219">[210]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/midward#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:midward">midward</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-220">[211]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/midway#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:midway">midway</a> (rare)<a href="#cite_note-221">[212]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%27mong#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:'mong">'mong</a> (poetic or dialectal)<a href="#cite_note-222">[213]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%27mongst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:'mongst">'mongst</a> (poetic or dialectal)<a href="#cite_note-223">[214]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/more#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:more">more</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-224">[215]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moreover#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:moreover">moreover</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-225">[216]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moyening#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:moyening">moyening</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-226">[217]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/natheless" class="extiw" title="wikt:natheless">natheless</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nathless" class="extiw" title="wikt:nathless">nathless</a> (archaic; literary; rare)<a href="#cite_note-MWaboon-115">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[218]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nearabout#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nearabout">nearabout</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nearbout#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nearbout">nearbout</a> (colloquial; regional)<a href="#cite_note-228">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[220]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nearby#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nearby">nearby</a> (regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-230">[221]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nearhand#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nearhand">nearhand</a> (regional, Northern England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-231">[222]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%27neath#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:'neath">'neath</a> (poetic)<a href="#cite_note-232">[223]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nigh#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nigh">nigh</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anigh#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:anigh">anigh</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anighst#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:anighst">anighst</a> (archaic of regional)<a href="#cite_note-233">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[226]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nigh-hand#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nigh-hand">nigh-hand</a> (regional, Northern and Midland England, Ireland, and Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-236">[227]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nobbut#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nobbut">nobbut</a> (rare; regional, Northern England)<a href="#cite_note-237">[228]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/non-obstant#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:non-obstant">non-obstant</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-238">[229]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/notwithstand#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:notwithstand">notwithstand</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-239">[230]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/noughtwithstanding#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:noughtwithstanding">noughtwithstanding</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-240">[231]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/offa#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:offa">offa</a> (colloquial; regional)<a href="#cite_note-241">[232]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/offen#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:offen">offen</a> (regional)<a href="#cite_note-242">[233]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/only#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:only">only</a> (regional, Southern U.S. and South Midland U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-243">[234]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/or#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:or">or</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-244">[235]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/otherside#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:otherside">otherside</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-245">[236]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outcept#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:outcept">outcept</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-246">[237]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outen#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:outen">outen</a> (regional)<a href="#cite_note-247">[238]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/out-over#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:out-over">out-over</a> (regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-248">[239]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outta#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:outta">outta</a> (colloquial; regional, U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-249">[240]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/out-taken#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:out-taken">out-taken</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-250">[241]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/out-taking#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:out-taking">out-taking</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-251">[242]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/out-through#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:out-through">out-through</a> (regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-252">[243]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/outwith#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:outwith">outwith</a> (regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-253">[244]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overcross#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:overcross">overcross</a> (archaic; rare)<a href="#cite_note-254">[245]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/over-right#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:over-right">over-right</a> (regional, Scotland, Southern England, Ireland, Newfoundland)<a href="#cite_note-255">[246]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overthorter#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:overthorter">overthorter</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-256">[247]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overthwart#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:overthwart">overthwart</a> (archaic; regional, Eastern, Midland, and Northern England)<a href="#cite_note-257">[248]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overtop#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:overtop">overtop</a> (regional, North America)<a href="#cite_note-258">[249]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pan#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:pan">pan</a> (regional, Jamaica)<a href="#cite_note-259">[250]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pass#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:pass">pass</a> (regional, Caribbean)<a href="#cite_note-260">[251]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pon#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:pon">pon</a> (archaic; regional, Caribbean and Southwestern England)<a href="#cite_note-261">[252]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quoad#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:quoad">quoad</a> (law)<a href="#cite_note-262">[253]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reserved#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:reserved">reserved</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-263">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reserving#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:reserving">reserving</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-264">[255]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sauf#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sauf">sauf</a> (archaic) <a href="#cite_note-265">[256]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seen#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:seen">seen</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-266">[257]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sen#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sen">sen</a> (rare; regional, Northern England and Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-267">[258]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/senza#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:senza">senza</a> (music)<a href="#cite_note-268">[259]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/side#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:side">side</a> (dialectal, <a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a>)<a href="#cite_note-269">[260]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sidelings#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sidelings">sidelings</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-270">[261]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sidelong#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sidelong">sidelong</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-271">[262]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sides#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sides">sides</a> (dialectal, African-American English)<a href="#cite_note-272">[263]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sin#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sin">sin</a> (dialectal, <a href="/wiki/English_language_in_Northern_England" title="English language in Northern England">Northern England English</a> and Scots)<a href="#cite_note-273">[264]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sineth#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sineth">sineth</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-274">[265]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sith#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sith">sith</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-275">[266]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sithen#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sithen">sithen</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-276">[267]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sithence#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:sithence">sithence</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-277">[268]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ter#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ter">ter</a> (regional)<a href="#cite_note-278">[269]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thorough#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:thorough">thorough</a> (archaic; poetic; rare)<a href="#cite_note-279">[270]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thorter#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:thorter">thorter</a> (regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-280">[271]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thwart#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:thwart">thwart</a> (archaic; nautical; poetic)<a href="#cite_note-281">[272]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thwart-over#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:thwart-over">thwart-over</a> (dialectal; obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-282">[273]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tiv#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:tiv">tiv</a> (dialectal, Northern England English)<a href="#cite_note-283">[274]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/touchant#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:touchant">touchant</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-284">[275]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transverse#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:transverse">transverse</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-285">[276]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/traverse#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:traverse">traverse</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-286">[277]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/twell#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:twell">twel(l)</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/twill#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:twill">twill</a> (dialectal, African-American English)<a href="#cite_note-287">[278]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ultra#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ultra">ultra</a> (obsolete; poetic)<a href="#cite_note-288">[279]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umbe#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:umbe">umbe</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-289">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[281]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unneath#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:unneath">unneath</a> (obsolete; poetic)<a href="#cite_note-291">[282]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upo%E2%80%99#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:upo’">upo’</a> (dialectal, Northern England English and Scots)<a href="#cite_note-292">[283]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upside#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:upside">upside</a> (slang)<a href="#cite_note-293">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[j]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upsy#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:upsy">upsy</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/upsees#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:upsees">upsees</a> (archaic; obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-296">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[287]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uptill#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:uptill">uptill</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[288]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/utouth#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:utouth">utouth</a> (obsolete; regional, Scotland)<a href="#cite_note-299">[289]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wid#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:wid">wid</a> (dialectal, African-American English)<a href="#cite_note-DAREwith-300">[290]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/withinside#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:withinside">withinside</a> (archaic; dialectal)<a href="#cite_note-301">[291]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/withoutside#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:withoutside">withoutside</a> (obsolete; rare)<a href="#cite_note-302">[292]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wiv#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:wiv">wiv</a> (dialectal, African-American English and <a href="/wiki/Cockney#Dialect" title="Cockney">Cockney</a>)<a href="#cite_note-DAREwith-300">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[293]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ymong#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ymong">ymong</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-304">[294]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yond#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:yond">yond</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-305">[295]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yonside#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:yonside">yonside</a> (regional, South Midland U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-306">[296]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intransitive_prepositions_2">Intransitive prepositions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Intransitive prepositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aground" class="extiw" title="wikt:aground">aground</a> (archaic; poetic)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL614-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[297]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bush" class="extiw" title="wikt:bush">bush</a> (regional, Australia)<a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hereat" class="extiw" title="wikt:hereat">hereat</a> (archaic; obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[298]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/herefrom" class="extiw" title="wikt:herefrom">herefrom</a> (rare)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[299]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hereon" class="extiw" title="wikt:hereon">hereon</a> (rare)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[300]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hither" class="extiw" title="wikt:hither">hither</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thereat" class="extiw" title="wikt:thereat">thereat</a> (archaic; formal)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[301]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/therefrom" class="extiw" title="wikt:therefrom">therefrom</a> (archaic; formal)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[302]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thereon" class="extiw" title="wikt:thereon">thereon</a> (archaic; formal)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[303]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thither" class="extiw" title="wikt:thither">thither</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whereat" class="extiw" title="wikt:whereat">whereat</a> (archaic; formal)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[304]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wherefrom" class="extiw" title="wikt:wherefrom">wherefrom</a> (archaic; formal)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[305]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whereof" class="extiw" title="wikt:whereof">whereof</a> (archaic; formal)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[306]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whereon" class="extiw" title="wikt:whereon">whereon</a> (archaic; formal)<a href="#cite_note-Aarts76-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CGEL613-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[307]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whither" class="extiw" title="wikt:whither">whither</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yonder" class="extiw" title="wikt:yonder">yonder</a> (archaic; dialectal)<a href="#cite_note-CGEL615-59">[58]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conjunctive_prepositions_2">Conjunctive prepositions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Conjunctive prepositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/but" class="extiw" title="wikt:but">but</a> (archaic in uses such as "There wasn't one among them but would have taken my place.")<a href="#cite_note-CGEL971-73">[66]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postpositions_2">Postpositions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Postpositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/withal#Postposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:withal">withal</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-318">[308]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complex_prepositions_2">Complex prepositions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Complex prepositions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/at_after#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:at after">at after</a> (regional, England)<a href="#cite_note-319">[309]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/down_on#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:down on">down on</a> (colloquial)<a href="#cite_note-320">[310]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ex_relatione#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:ex relatione">ex relatione</a> (law)<a href="#cite_note-321">[311]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hard_by#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:hard by">hard by</a> (archaic)<a href="#cite_note-322">[312]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inside_of#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:inside of">inside of</a> (colloquial; regional, Australia and U.S.)<a href="#cite_note-323">[313]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/non_obstante#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:non obstante">non obstante</a> (law)<a href="#cite_note-324">[314]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nigh_by#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:nigh by">nigh by</a> (obsolete)<a href="#cite_note-325">[315]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/opposite_to#Preposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:opposite to">opposite to</a> (regional, Britain)<a href="#cite_note-326">[316]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition and postposition">Preposition and postposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preposition_stranding" title="Preposition stranding">Preposition stranding</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Abroad can also be used transitively in a rare sense of the term: "We scatter abroad the face of the earth."<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Ahead can also be used transitively in a rare sense of the term: "I saw the figure of my friend ahead me."<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Aside can also be used transitively in certain regional varieties: "The boys were often seated aside the girls."<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Forth can also be used transitively in a rare sense of the term: "I may fetch you from forth this loathsome prison house."<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Onward could also be used transitively in an obsolete sense of the term: "Two of that troupe conducted him onward the way to Babylon."<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Together could also be used transitively in an obsolete sense of the term: "You will find the worth and value of it together the whole process of the great work of sugar making."<a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Upward could also be used transitively in an obsolete sense of the term: "Whether to surprise the squatted hare or flit upward ragged precipices."<a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> An obsolete sense of from could also take a finite clause: "From we rise till we go to bed."<a href="#cite_note-74">[67]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> An obsolete sense of without could also take a finite clause: "Man can put up with only so much without he descends a rung or two on the old evolutionary ladder."<a href="#cite_note-76">[68]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> This sense of upside seems limited to discussion of strikes to the head: "He went upside her head with a meat mallet." "A white cop comes up and go upside your knot."<a href="#cite_note-294">[285]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> "a 3." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=a+3. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-Aarts76-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-46">au</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-47">av</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-48">aw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-49">ax</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-50">ay</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-51">az</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-52">ba</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-53">bb</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-54">bc</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-55">bd</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-56">be</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-57">bf</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-58">bg</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-59">bh</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-60">bi</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-61">bj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-62">bk</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-63">bl</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-64">bm</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-65">bn</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-66">bo</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-67">bp</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-68">bq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-69">br</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-70">bs</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-71">bt</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-72">bu</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-73">bv</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-74">bw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-75">bx</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-76">by</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-77">bz</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-78">ca</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-79">cb</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-80">cc</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-81">cd</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-82">ce</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-83">cf</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-84">cg</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-85">ch</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-86">ci</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-87">cj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-88">ck</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-89">cl</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-90">cm</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-91">cn</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-92">co</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-93">cp</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-94">cq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-95">cr</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-96">cs</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-97">ct</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-98">cu</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-99">cv</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-100">cw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-101">cx</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-102">cy</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-103">cz</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-104">da</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-105">db</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-106">dc</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-107">dd</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-108">de</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-109">df</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-110">dg</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-111">dh</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-112">di</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-113">dj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-114">dk</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-115">dl</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-116">dm</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-117">dn</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-118">do</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-119">dp</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-120">dq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-121">dr</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-122">ds</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-123">dt</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-124">du</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-125">dv</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-126">dw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-127">dx</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-128">dy</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-129">dz</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-130">ea</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-131">eb</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-132">ec</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-133">ed</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-134">ee</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-135">ef</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-136">eg</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-137">eh</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-138">ei</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-139">ej</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-140">ek</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-141">el</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-142">em</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-143">en</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-144">eo</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-145">ep</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-146">eq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-147">er</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-148">es</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-149">et</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-150">eu</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts76_2-151">ev</a> Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 76-77. </li> <li id="cite_note-Quirk9.7-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-46">au</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-47">av</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-48">aw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-49">ax</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-50">ay</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-51">az</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-52">ba</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-53">bb</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-54">bc</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-55">bd</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-56">be</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-57">bf</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-58">bg</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-59">bh</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-60">bi</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-61">bj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-62">bk</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-63">bl</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-64">bm</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-65">bn</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-66">bo</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-67">bp</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-68">bq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-69">br</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-70">bs</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-71">bt</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-72">bu</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirk9.7_3-73">bv</a> Quirk, Randolph, et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman, 1985. pp. 665-67. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> "abt., prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> "abreast." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=abreast. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL610-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL610_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL610_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL610_6-2">c</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 610. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL613-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL613_7-33">ah</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 613. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> "aloft." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=aloft. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL635-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL635_9-39">an</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 635. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> "anti." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=anti. Accessed 22 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> "apropos." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=apropos. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> "aslant." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=aslant. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> "astride." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=astride. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> "at sign." Dictionary.com Pop Culture Dictionary, Dictionary.com, 2020, www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/at-sign/. Accessed 20 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> "atop." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=atop. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> "bar 1." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=bar. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-Aarts80-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts80_17-12">m</a> Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 80. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953319-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953319-0">978-0-19-953319-0</a>. OCLC 663438373 </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL611-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL611_18-15">p</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> "B4." Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/b4. Accessed 20 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> "neath." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=neath. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> "'tween, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> "but." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=but. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> "chez." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=chez. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Heritage_Dictionary_2020-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-American_Heritage_Dictionary_2020_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Heritage_Dictionary_2020_24-1">b</a> "circa." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=circa. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> "cum 1." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=cum+1. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> "less." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=less. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> "mod 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=mod+2. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 609. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> "o'." Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/o. Accessed 20 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> "offshore, adv., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> "out." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=out. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> "o’er." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=o%27er. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> "pace 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=pace. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> "pending." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q= pending. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> "per." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=per. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> "post, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> "pre, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> "pro, n.1, adj.1, and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> "qua, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> "save 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=save. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> "sub, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> "thru." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=thru. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> "thruout." The Century Dictionary, vol. IX, Century Co., 1911, p. 870, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036876855&view=1up&seq=870. Accessed 20 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> "till 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=till. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> "t', prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> "touching, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> "unto, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-versus-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-versus_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-versus_48-1">b</a> "versus." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=versus. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> "vice 3." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=vice. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> "vis-à-vis." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=vis-à-vis. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> "w." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=w. Accessed 20 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> "c̄" Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, 2020, www.dictionary.com/browse/-c-. Accessed 20 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> "'thout, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> "w/o." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=w%2Fo. Accessed 20 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> "Worth." Merriam-Webster.com, Merriam-Webster, n.d., <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/worth">https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/worth</a>. Accessed 4 Jan. 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL614-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-46">au</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-47">av</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-48">aw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-49">ax</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-50">ay</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-51">az</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-52">ba</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL614_56-53">bb</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 614. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> "abroad, adv., prep., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL615-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL615_59-19">t</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 615. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> "ahead, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> "aside (of) prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> "forth, adv., prep., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> "onward, prep., adv., and adj.2" Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> "together, adv., prep., n., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> "upward, adv., prep., adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-Aarts154-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts154_72-36">ak</a> Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 154. </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL971-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL971_73-32">ag</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. “4.8 Complement of a Preposition or Adverb.” The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002, pp. 971-72. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> "from, prep., adv., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> "without, adv., prep., conj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-Aarts79-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts79_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts79_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts79_78-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts79_78-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts79_78-4">e</a> Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL631-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL631_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL631_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL631_79-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL631_79-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL631_79-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL631_79-5">f</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. pp. 631-32. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Aarts78-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-46">au</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-47">av</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-48">aw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-49">ax</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-50">ay</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-51">az</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-52">ba</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-53">bb</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-54">bc</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-55">bd</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-56">be</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-57">bf</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-58">bg</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-59">bh</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-60">bi</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-61">bj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-62">bk</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-63">bl</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-64">bm</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-65">bn</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-66">bo</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-67">bp</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarts78_80-68">bq</a> Aarts, Bas. Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 78. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953319-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953319-0">978-0-19-953319-0</a>. OCLC 663438373 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> "ahead of." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ahead+of. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> "apart from." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=apart+from. Accessed 20 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL624-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL624_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL624_83-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL624_83-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL624_83-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL624_83-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL624_83-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL624_83-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL624_83-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL624_83-8">i</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. pp. 624-26. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-OEDas-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OEDas_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OEDas_84-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OEDas_84-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OEDas_84-3">d</a> "as, adv. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> "as regards." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=as+regards. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> "aside, adv., prep., adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> "away, adv., adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> "except." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=except. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> "instead of." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=instead+of. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> "next." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=next. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> "outside of." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=outside+of. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> "pertain, v." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> "round about, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> "round about." Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/round-about. Accessed 30 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodney_Huddleston,_Geoffrey_K._Pullum2002" class="citation book cs1">Rodney Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum; et al. (2002). "chapter 7 §3.1". The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 618–620. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8"><bdi>0-521-43146-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=chapter+7+%C2%A73.1&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Grammar+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=618-620&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-43146-8&rft.au=Rodney+Huddleston%2C+Geoffrey+K.+Pullum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+English+prepositions" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CGEL618-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CGEL618_96-43">ar</a> Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. pp. 618-20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43146-8">0-521-43146-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> "à la." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=à+la. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> "soon, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> "as well as." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=as+well+as. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> "due to." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=due+to. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> "far." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=far. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> "in case, conj. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> "other than." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=other+than. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> "per pro., prep. (adv. and adj.)." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> "prior to." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=prior+to. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> "pursuant to." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=pursuant+to. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> "rather than." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=rather+than. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> "regardless of." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=regardless+of. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> "subsequent to." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=subsequent+to. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> "such." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=such. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> "abaft." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=abaft. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> "abating, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> "abeam." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=abeam. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_English_Dictionary_2020-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_English_Dictionary_2020_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_English_Dictionary_2020_114-1">b</a> "ablow, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-MWaboon-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MWaboon_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MWaboon_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MWaboon_115-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MWaboon_115-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MWaboon_115-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MWaboon_115-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MWaboon_115-6">g</a> "Aboon, and Other Prepositions You’ve Never Heard." Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2020, www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/prepositions-youve-never-heard-of. Accessed 16 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> "abouts, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> "acrost, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> "adown, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> "a-eastell, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> "afore, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> "afore." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=afore. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> "afornent, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> "afront, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> "afterhand, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> "again, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> "ahind, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> "alength, adv. (and adj.) and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> "alongst, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> "aloof, adv., int., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> "amell, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> "amidmost, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> "anear, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> "aneath, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> "anent, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> "anewst, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> "anunder, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> "askant." Webster's New World College Dictionary, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/askant. Accessed 18 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> "askant, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> "asklent, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> "astern, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> "athwart, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> "atour, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> "atter, prep., conj., and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> "atween, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> "atwixt, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> "a-weather, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> "a-west, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> "awestell, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> "ayond | ayont, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> "bating." Webster's New World College Dictionary, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/bating. Accessed 18 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> "bedown, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> "'be-east, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> "beforrow, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> "behither, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> "ben." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ben. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> "'benorth, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> "'besouth, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> "betwixt, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> "'twixt, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> "'bewest, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> "bongre, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> "about prep, adv." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> "bout, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> "bove, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> "'cept, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> "contrair, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> "contrary, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> "cross, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> "dehors, prep. and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> "dot, n.1 and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> "durante, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> "effore, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> "emong, prep. and adv. " Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> "emonges(t), prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> "endlong, prep., adv., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> "endlonges | endlongs, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> "enduring, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> "enduring prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> "ensuing, adj. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> "even-forth, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> "ex, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> "excepted, adj. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> "extra, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> "fae, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> "forby(e, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> "fore prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> "fornent | fornenst, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> "foregain | foregains(t, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> "forne, adv., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> "forout | forouten, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> "forrow, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> "forth." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forth. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> "fro." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forth. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> "fromward, adj., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> "froward, adj., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> "gain, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> "gainst." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=gainst. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> "gainst." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> "gainward, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> "gin, prep. and conj.2." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> "half-way | halfway, adv., adj., n., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> "hent, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> "inboard, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> "incontrair, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> "indurand, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> "inter, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> "inthrough, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> "intill | intil, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> "inwith, prep., adv. (and adj.), and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> "i'th', prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> "'long, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> "longs, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> "longst, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> "longways, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> "malgrado, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> "malgré, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> "maugre." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=maugre. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> "midmost, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> "mids, n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> "midward, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> "midway, n., adv., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> "'mong, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> "'mongst, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> "more, adj., pron., adv., n.3, and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> "moreover, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> "moyening, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> "natheless, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> "nearabout, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> "nearbout, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> "nearby, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> "nearhand, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> "'neath, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> "nigh, adv. (and prep.), adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> "anigh, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> "anighst, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> "nigh hand, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> "nobbut, prep., conj., and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> "non-obstant, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> "notwithstand, conj., prep., and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> "noughtwithstanding, prep., adv., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> "offa, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> "offen, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> "only adj, adv, prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> "or 2." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=or. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> "otherside, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> "outcept, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> "outen, adv., adj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> "out-over, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> "outta, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> "out-taken, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> "out-taking, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> "out-through, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> "outwith, prep., adv., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> "overcross, prep., adv., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> "over-right, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> "overthorter, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> "overthwart, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> "overtop, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> "pan, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> "pass, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> "pon, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> "quoad, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> "reserved, conj. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> "reserving, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> "sauf, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> "seen, conj. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> "sen, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> "senza, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> "side, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> "sidelings, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> "sidelong, adv.1, prep., and adj.2" Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> "sides adv, prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> "sin, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> "sineth, adv., prep., and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> "sith." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=sith. Accessed 30 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> "sithen, adv., conj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> "sithence, adv., conj., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> "ter, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> "thorough, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> "thorter, adv., prep., adj., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> "thwart, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> "thwart-over, prep., adv., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> "tiv, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> "touchant, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> "transverse, adj., n., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> "traverse, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> "till prep, conj." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> "ultra, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> "umbe, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> "umbe." The Century Dictionary, vol. X, Century Co., 1911, p. 6572, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036876848&view=1up&seq=214. Accessed 30 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> "unneath, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> "upo', prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> "upside." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=upside. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> "upside, n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> "upsy, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> "upsees, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> "uptill." The Century Dictionary, vol. X, Century Co., 1911, p. 6664, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036876848&view=1up&seq=306. Accessed 20 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> "utouth, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-DAREwith-300">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DAREwith_300-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAREwith_300-1">b</a> "with, adv, prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> "withinside, adv., prep., and n." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> "withoutside, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> "wiv, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> "ymong, prep. and conj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> "yond, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> "yonside, adv, prep." Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> "aground, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> "hereat, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> "herefrom, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> "hereon, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> "thereat, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> "therefrom, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> "thereon, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> "whereat, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> "wherefrom, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> "whereof." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=whereof. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> "whereon, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> "withal, adv. and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> "at after, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> "down, adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> "ex relatione, prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> "hard by, prep. and adv." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> "inside, n., adj., adv., and prep." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> "non obstante." American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=non+obstante. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> "nigh by, adv., prep., and adj." Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> "opposite to." Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/opposite-to. Accessed 26 Aug. 2020. </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_prepositions&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_prepositions" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English prepositions">Wiktionary list of English prepositions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammarcheck.net/prepositions-place-direction/">The Visual Guide to English Prepositions Part 1/2: Place & Direction (Infographic)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammarcheck.net/prepositions-time/">The Visual Guide to English Prepositions Part 2/2: Time (Infographic)</a></li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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