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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Plumbum" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class="">Buka akaun</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Plumbum" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat_fizikal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_fizikal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Sifat fizikal </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sifat_fizikal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Sifat fizikal </button> <ul id="toc-Sifat_fizikal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zarah_atom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zarah_atom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Zarah atom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zarah_atom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat_benda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_benda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Sifat benda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_benda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Isotop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Sejarah </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zaman_prasejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_prasejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Zaman prasejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_prasejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_klasik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_klasik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Zaman klasik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_klasik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pada_zaman_Pertengahan_dan_Pembaharuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pada_zaman_Pertengahan_dan_Pembaharuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Pada zaman Pertengahan dan Pembaharuan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pada_zaman_Pertengahan_dan_Pembaharuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_penjelajahan_Bangsa_Eropah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_penjelajahan_Bangsa_Eropah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Zaman penjelajahan Bangsa Eropah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_penjelajahan_Bangsa_Eropah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giat_perlombingan_zaman_Revolusi_Perindustrian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giat_perlombingan_zaman_Revolusi_Perindustrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Giat perlombingan zaman Revolusi Perindustrian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giat_perlombingan_zaman_Revolusi_Perindustrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_moden:_kesedaran_bahaya_dan_pengurangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_moden:_kesedaran_bahaya_dan_pengurangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Zaman moden: kesedaran bahaya dan pengurangan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_moden:_kesedaran_bahaya_dan_pengurangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Catatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Rujukan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Bacaan lanjut </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Togol isi kandungan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Plumbum</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 173 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-173" aria-hidden="true" > 173 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%88%D3%80%D0%BE" title="ПцашӀо – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="ПцашӀо" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lood" title="Lood – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lood" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B3%E1%88%B5" title="እርሳስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እርሳስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="सीसा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सीसा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%93ad" title="Lēad – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lēad" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5" title="رصاص – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رصاص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomo" title="Plomo – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Plomo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Կապար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կապար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliumbu" title="Pliumbu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Pliumbu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomu" title="Plomu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Plomu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%C4%9Fu%C5%9Fun" title="Qurğuşun – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qurğuşun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Timbal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Timbal" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="সীসা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সীসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2n" title="Iân – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ҡурғаш – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡурғаш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Свінец – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Свінец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Волава – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Волава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="सीसा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सीसा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingga" title="Tingga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tingga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9E%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཞ་ཉེ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཞ་ཉེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Olovo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plom" title="Plom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Plom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Олово" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plom" title="Plom – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomo" title="Plomo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Plomo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%C4%83%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хура тăхлан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хура тăхлан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Olovo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutobvu" title="Mutobvu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mutobvu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piombu" title="Piombu – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Piombu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plwm" title="Plwm – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bly" title="Bly – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bly" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="لدون – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لدون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blei" title="Blei – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dily%C4%AF%CC%81h%C3%AD" title="Dilyį́hí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dilyį́hí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plii" title="Plii – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Plii" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μόλυβδος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόλυβδος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead" title="Lead – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lead" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Киве – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Киве" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomo" title="Plomo – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plomo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbo" title="Plumbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plumbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promu" title="Promu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Promu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berun" title="Berun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سرب – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raanga" title="Raanga – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Raanga" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%BDggj" title="Blýggj – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Blýggj" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plomb" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_(elemint)" title="Lead (elemint) – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lead (elemint)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomp" title="Plomp – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Plomp" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luaidhe" title="Luaidhe – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luaidhe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leoaie" title="Leoaie – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Leoaie" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luaidhe" title="Luaidhe – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Luaidhe" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chumbo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82" title="સીસું – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સીસું" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A8n" title="Yèn – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yèn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хорлаҗин – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Хорлаҗин" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A9" title="납 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="납" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%93pau" title="Kēpau – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kēpau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Կապար – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կապար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="सीसा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीसा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo_(element)" title="Olovo (element) – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Olovo (element)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plombo" title="Plombo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Plombo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbo" title="Plumbo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Plumbo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Зды – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зды" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umthofu" title="Umthofu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umthofu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%BD" title="Blý – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Blý" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piombo" title="Piombo – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Piombo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="עופרת – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עופרת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9l%C9%94mb%C9%A9" title="Pɩlɔmbɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩlɔmbɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8" title="ಸೀಸ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೀಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტყვია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტყვია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Қорғасын – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қорғасын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plobm" title="Plobm – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Plobm" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Коргошун – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Коргошун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%B9%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Вӹдвулны – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вӹдвулны" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risasi_(metali)" title="Risasi (metali) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Risasi (metali)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Ширысь – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ширысь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plon" title="Plon – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Plon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirb" title="Sirb – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sirb" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion" title="Pion – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pion" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D1%83%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B8" title="ЧӀутӀи – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЧӀутӀи" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbum" title="Plumbum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Plumbum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svins" title="Svins – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A4i" title="Bläi – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bläi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Кьуркьушум – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кьуркьушум" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vinas" title="Švinas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Švinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciongio" title="Ciongio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ciongio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loead" title="Loead – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Loead" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jygeitina" title="Jygeitina – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jygeitina" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cnisa" title="cnisa – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cnisa" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piomb" title="Piomb – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Piomb" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93lom" title="Ólom – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ólom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Олово" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firamainty" title="Firamainty – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Firamainty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="കറുത്തീയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കറുത്തീയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C4%81_(konganuku)" title="Matā (konganuku) – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Matā (konganuku)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87" title="शिसे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिसे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტყვია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტყვია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5" title="رصاص – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رصاص" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="سرب – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سرب" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97_(%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F)" title="ꯂꯤꯗ (ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ) – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯗ (ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B2ng_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Iòng (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iòng (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Киви – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Киви" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Хар тугалга – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хар тугалга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%B2_(%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF)" title="ခဲ (သတ္တု) – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခဲ (သတ္တု)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temetztli" title="Temetztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Temetztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lood_(element)" title="Lood (element) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lood (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="सीसा – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सीसा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1" title="लिड – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%9B" title="鉛 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉛" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiummo" title="Chiummo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Chiummo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luad_(element)" title="Luad (element) – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Luad (element)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bly" title="Bly – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bly" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bly" title="Bly – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bly" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plomb" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE" title="ସୀସା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୀସା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilaalii" title="Dilaalii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dilaalii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qo%CA%BBrg%CA%BBoshin" title="Qoʻrgʻoshin – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qoʻrgʻoshin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4)" title="ਸਿੱਕਾ (ਧਾਤ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿੱਕਾ (ਧਾਤ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1" title="लिड – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लिड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="سیسا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیسا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%90%DA%89" title="لېډ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لېډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Ширись – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ширись" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piomb" title="Piomb – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Piomb" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blie" title="Blie – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Blie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%82%C3%B3w" title="Ołów – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ołów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chumbo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumb" title="Plumb – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Plumb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titi" title="Titi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Titi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Свинец – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свинец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="सीसम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सीसम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prumu" title="Prumu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Prumu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leid_(element)" title="Leid (element) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Leid (element)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lood" title="Lood – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Lood" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbi_(element_kimik)" title="Plumbi (element kimik) – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Plumbi (element kimik)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiummu" title="Chiummu – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chiummu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead" title="Lead – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lead" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%88" title="شيھو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شيھو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Olovo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svinec" title="Svinec – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svinec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasaas" title="Rasaas – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rasaas" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%DA%95%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%85" title="قوڕقوشم – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قوڕقوشم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Олово – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Олово" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Olovo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Timbal" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyijy" title="Lyijy – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lyijy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bly" title="Bly – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bly" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingga" title="Tingga – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tingga" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldun" title="Aldun – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aldun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Кургаш – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кургаш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81)" title="సీసము (మూలకము) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సీసము (మూలకము)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B6m_thi%C9%9Bk" title="Yöm thiɛk – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Yöm thiɛk" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7" title="ตะกั่ว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตะกั่ว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AC" title="Chì – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chì" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Сурб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сурб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%82" title="ᎦᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C5%9Fun" title="Kurşun – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kurşun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Свинець – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Свинець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%81" title="سیسہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیسہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%87%D8%B4%DB%87%D9%86" title="قوغۇشۇن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قوغۇشۇن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yienz" title="Yienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pionbo" title="Pionbo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pionbo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahktin" title="Hahktin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hahktin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbin" title="Plumbin – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Plumbin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plonk" title="Plonk – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Plonk" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%9B" title="鉛 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉛" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingg%C3%A2" title="Tinggâ – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tinggâ" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铅" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99" title="בליי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בליי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92j%C3%A9" title="Òjé – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òjé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%9B" title="鉛 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉛" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q708#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Plumbum" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c">Rencana</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Plumbum" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t">Perbincangan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Bahasa Melayu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Plumbum">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h">Lihat sejarah</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Peralatan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Plumbum">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=history">Lihat sejarah</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Plumbum" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j">Pautan ke laman ini</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Plumbum" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k">Perubahan berkaitan</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u">Muat naik fail</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q">Laman khas</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&oldid=6109240" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini">Pautan kekal</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini">Maklumat laman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Plumbum&id=6109240&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini">Petik laman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlumbum">Dapatkan URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlumbum">Muat turun kod QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Plumbum">Cipta buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Plumbum&action=show-download-screen">Muat turun sebagai PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi boleh cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lead" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q708" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g">Butir Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable" align="right" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center">82 </td> <td align="center" style="padding-left:2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalium (laman tidak wujud)">thalium</a> ← plumbum → <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> ↑ Pb ↓ <a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Fail:Pb-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pb-TableImage.svg/300px-Pb-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pb-TableImage.svg/450px-Pb-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pb-TableImage.svg/600px-Pb-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="183" /></a> <div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala piawai</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala_(terlanjut)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadual berkala (terlanjut) (laman tidak wujud)">Jadual berkala terlanjut</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#CCCCCC; color:#">Am </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nama" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nama">Nama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_simbol" title="Senarai unsur mengikut simbol">simbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nombor_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nombor atom">nombor</a> </td> <td>plumbum, Pb, 82 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Siri_kimia" title="Siri kimia">Siri kimia</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Logam_lemah" title="Logam lemah">logam lemah</a></td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala">Kumpulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kala_jadual_berkala" title="Kala jadual berkala">kala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok_jadual_berkala" title="Blok jadual berkala">blok</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumpulan_14_unsur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumpulan 14 unsur (laman tidak wujud)">14</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kala_6_unsur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kala 6 unsur (laman tidak wujud)">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a> </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Warna" title="Warna">Rupa</a></td><td>kelabu kebiru-biruan <a href="/wiki/Fail:Lead_brick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lead_brick.jpg/125px-Lead_brick.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lead_brick.jpg/188px-Lead_brick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lead_brick.jpg/250px-Lead_brick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="630" /></a> </td></tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_jisim_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut jisim atom">Jisim atom piawai</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peringkat_magnitud_(jisim)" title="Peringkat magnitud (jisim)">207.2</a><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_jisim_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut jisim atom">(1)</a> <a href="/wiki/Jisim_molar" title="Jisim molar">g·mol−1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Tatarajah elektron</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4f14 5d9 6s2 6p2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektron</a> pada setiap <a href="/wiki/Petala_elektron" title="Petala elektron">petala</a></td> <td>2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Fasa_jirim" title="Fasa jirim">Fasa</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pepejal" title="Pepejal">pepejal</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ketumpatan" title="Ketumpatan">Ketumpatan</a> (pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu_bilik" title="Suhu bilik">suhu bilik</a>)</td><td>11.34 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram_per_meter_padu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilogram per meter padu (laman tidak wujud)">g·cm−3</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ketumpatan" title="Ketumpatan">Ketumpatan</a> cecair pada <a href="/wiki/Takat_lebur" title="Takat lebur">takat lebur</a></td><td>10.66 g·cm−3</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Takat_lebur" title="Takat lebur">Takat lebur</a></td><td>600.61 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (327.46 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a>, 621.43 °<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Takat_didih" title="Takat didih">Takat didih</a></td><td>2022 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1749 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a>, 3180 °<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_lakuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Entalpi lakuran">Haba lakuran</a></td><td>4.77 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mol">kJ·mol−1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_pengewapan" title="Entalpi pengewapan">Haba pengewapan</a></td><td>179.5 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mol">kJ·mol−1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Muatan_haba_tentu" title="Muatan haba tentu">Muatan haba tentu</a></td><td>(25 °C) 26.650 J·mol−1·K−1</td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_wap" title="Tekanan wap">Tekanan wap</a> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>P/Pa</td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>100</td> <td>1 k</td> <td>10 k</td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>pada T/K</td> <td>978</td> <td>1088</td> <td>1229</td> <td>1412</td> <td>1660</td> <td>2027 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:#000000; background: #CCCCCC">Sifat keatoman </th></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nombor_pengoksidaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombor pengoksidaan">Keadaan pengoksidaan</a></td><td>4, 2 (Oksida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amfoterik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amfoterik (laman tidak wujud)">amfoterik</a>)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Keelektronegatifan" title="Keelektronegatifan">Keelektronegatifan</a></td><td>2.33 (skala Pauling)</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Jejari_atom" title="Jejari atom">Jejari atom</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/1_E-10_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-10 m">180</a> <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a></td></tr><tr><td>Jejari atom terhitung</td><td><a href="/wiki/1_E-10_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-10 m">154</a> pm</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Jejari_kovalen" title="Jejari kovalen">Jejari kovalen</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/1_E-10_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-10 m">147</a> pm</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Jejari_Van_der_Waals" class="mw-redirect" title="Jejari Van der Waals">Jejari Van der Waals</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/1_E-10_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-10 m">202</a> pm</td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:#000000; background: #CCCCCC">Lain-lain </th></tr> <tr><td rowspan="1" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Kemagnetan" title="Kemagnetan">Sifat magnet</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kediamagnetan" title="Kediamagnetan">diamagnet</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerintangan_elektrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerintangan elektrik (laman tidak wujud)">Kerintangan elektrik</a></td><td>(20 °C) 208 nΩ·m</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Keberkonduktan_haba" class="mw-redirect" title="Keberkonduktan haba">Keberkonduktan haba</a></td><td>(300 K) 35.3 W·m−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pekali_pengembangan_terma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pekali pengembangan terma (laman tidak wujud)">Pengembangan terma</a></td><td>(25 °C) 28.9 µm·m−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Kelajuan_bunyi" title="Kelajuan bunyi">Kelajuan bunyi</a> (rod halus)</td><td>(<a href="/wiki/Suhu_bilik" title="Suhu bilik">suhu bilik</a>) (sepuh lindap) 1190 <a href="/wiki/Meter_per_saat" title="Meter per saat">m·s−1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Modulus_Young" title="Modulus Young">Modulus Young</a></td><td>16 GPa</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulus_ricih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modulus ricih (laman tidak wujud)">Modulus ricih</a></td><td>5.6 GPa</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nisbah_Poisson" title="Nisbah Poisson">Nisbah Poisson</a></td><td>0.44</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujian_kekerasan_Brinell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ujian kekerasan Brinell (laman tidak wujud)">Kekerasan Brinell</a></td><td>38.3 MPa</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nombor_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombor CAS">Nombor CAS</a></td><td>7439-92-1</td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:#000000; background: #CCCCCC">Isotop-isotop terpilih </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"> <caption>Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotop_plumbum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotop plumbum (laman tidak wujud)">Isotop plumbum</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_semulajadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan semulajadi">NA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Separuh_hayat" title="Separuh hayat">separuh hayat</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cara_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cara reputan (laman tidak wujud)">DM</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenaga_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenaga reputan (laman tidak wujud)">DE</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronvolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronvolt (laman tidak wujud)">MeV</a>) </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasil_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasil reputan (laman tidak wujud)">DP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>204Pb </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>>1.4×1017 <a href="/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun">thn</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancaran_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pancaran alfa (laman tidak wujud)">Alpha</a> </td> <td>2.186 </td> <td>200<a href="/wiki/Merkuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Merkuri">Hg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>205Pb </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioisotop_sintetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioisotop sintetik (laman tidak wujud)">syn</a> </td> <td>1.53×107 <a href="/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun">thn</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangkapan_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangkapan elektron (laman tidak wujud)">ε</a> </td> <td>0.051 </td> <td>205<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalium (laman tidak wujud)">Tl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>206Pb </td> <td>24.1% </td> <td colspan="4">Pb <a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> dengan 124 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>207Pb </td> <td>22.1% </td> <td colspan="4">Pb <a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> dengan 125 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>208Pb </td> <td>52.4% </td> <td colspan="4">Pb <a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> dengan 126 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">210Pb </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioisotop_surih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioisotop surih (laman tidak wujud)">surih</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">22.3 <a href="/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun">thn</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancaran_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pancaran alfa (laman tidak wujud)">α</a> </td> <td>3.792 </td> <td>206<a href="/wiki/Merkuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Merkuri">Hg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pancaran_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancaran beta">β</a> </td> <td>0.064 </td> <td>210<a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:#000000; background: #CCCCCC"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rujukan_data_unsur_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rujukan data unsur kimia (laman tidak wujud)">Rujukan</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="color:#000000; background: #CCCCCC"><div 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.script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style>ڤلومبوم‎code: ms is deprecated ‎ daripada <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>) atau timah hitam (Jawi: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5953951">تيمه هيتم‎,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson-3">[3]</a> juga timbal <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5953951">تيمبل‎ Ind. serapan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jawa" title="Bahasa Jawa">bahasa Jawa</a>: ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀code: jv is deprecated , <abbr title="transliteration">translit.</abbr> timbel<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>) ialah sejenis <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> yang mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Nombor_atom" title="Nombor atom">nombor atom</a> 82 dan diberikan simbol Pb. Plumbum dalam Bahasa Melayu juga dikenali sebagai . Plumbum adalah logam lembut dan mudah tertempa. Logam ini tergolong dalam kumpulan <a href="/wiki/Logam_lemah" title="Logam lemah">logam lemah</a>. Plumbum juga merupakan sejenis <a href="/wiki/Logam_berat" title="Logam berat">logam berat</a>. Plumbum yang baru dikerat berwarna putih kebiru-biruan, tetapi dengan serta-merta menjadi kusam (sebam) apabila terdedah kepada udara. Apabila dilebur menjadi cecair, plumbum berwarna perak krom berkilau. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_atom" title="Nombor atom">Nombor atom</a> plumbum adalah yang paling tinggi antara kesemua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_stabil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unsur stabil (laman tidak wujud)">unsur-unsur stabil</a>. Namun demikian, <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a> yang mempunyai nombor atom yang lagi tinggi daripada plumbum, juga dianggap sejenis unsur yang stabil walaupun sebenarnya adalah sedikit radioaktif (mempunyai separuh hayat dengan jangka masa yang sangat lama). Plumbum mempunyai banyak kegunaaan/aplikasi dalam pembinaan bangunan, pembuatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bateri_asid_plumbum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bateri asid plumbum (laman tidak wujud)">bateri asid plumbum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peluru" title="Peluru">peluru</a>, bebola plumbum dan pemberat. Aloi-aloi boleh lakur seperti <a href="/wiki/Piuter" title="Piuter">piuter</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pateri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pateri (laman tidak wujud)">pateri</a> juga mengandungi unsur plumbum. Plumbum merupakan <a href="/wiki/Neurotoksin" title="Neurotoksin">neurotoksin</a> yang sangat poten (berbahaya), sama seperti <a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">raksa</a>. Plumbum cenderung untuk bertumpuk (terkumpul) dalam tisu-tisu lembut badan dan tulang. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat_fizikal">Sifat fizikal</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sifat fizikal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sifat fizikal">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zarah_atom">Zarah atom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Zarah atom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zarah atom">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Atom unsur ini memiliki 82 <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>, dengan <a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">konfigurasi</a> [<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>]4f145d106s26p2. Jumlah <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_pengionan" title="Tenaga pengionan">tenaga pengionan</a> pertama dan kedua ia (tenaga untuk mengeluarkan dua elektron terluarnya) mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">stannum</a> (Sn), tetangga atas timah hitam dalam golongan IVA. Hal ini tidak wajar kerana tenaga pengionan suatu unsur biasanya lebih rendah daripada tetangga atasnya di golongan yang sama, kerana elektron terluarnya lebih jauh dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inti_atom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inti atom (laman tidak wujud)">teras atom</a> dan dipisahkan oleh lebih banyak orbital tahap rendah. Ketidakwajaran ini disebabkan oleh fenomena yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengecutan_lantanida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengecutan lantanida (laman tidak wujud)">pengecutan lantanida</a> iaitu berkurangnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jari-jari_atom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jari-jari atom (laman tidak wujud)">jari-jari atom</a> dari lantanum (nombor atom 57) ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutesium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutesium (laman tidak wujud)">lutesium</a> (71), dan relatif kecilnya jari-jari atom unsur-unsur berikutnya. Ini adalah akibat dari kurang efektifnya elektron-elektron 4f dalam melindungi elektron luar dari tarikan teras atom. Bahkan jika tenaga pengionan pertama sampai keempat-empat elektron dijumlahkan, jumlah tenaga pengionan unsur ini dikira melebihi timah,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide200510-179-5">[5]</a> berbalik dari pola yang umum untuk tetangga atas-bawah di jadual berkala. Di antara penyebab anomali ini adalah kesan-kesan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_kuantum_relativistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia kuantum relativistik (laman tidak wujud)">kimia kuantum relativistik</a>. Salah satunya adalah kesan pasangan lengai, yang menyebabkan kedua elektron 6s timah hitam cenderung tidak terlibat dalam ikatan, sehingga jarak antara atom-atom pada halur unsur menjadi sangat jauh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorman199636-6">[6]</a> Unsur-unsur atas kedudukan ia pada golongan IVA (<a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">silikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a>, dan timah) memiliki <a href="/wiki/Alotrop" title="Alotrop">alotrop</a> dengan struktur kubik seperti intan iaitu dengan <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen" title="Ikatan kovalen">ikatan kovalen</a> bersusunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahedral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahedral (laman tidak wujud)">tetrahedral</a>. Pada unsur-unsur tersebut, tahap tenaga orbital s dan p terluar sangat mirip sehingga dapat melakukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hibridisasi_orbital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hibridisasi orbital (laman tidak wujud)">hibridisasi orbital</a> menjadi orbital sp3. Namun, hal serupa tidak terjadi pada timah hitam, kerana kesan pasangan lengai meningkatkan jarak tenaga orbital s dan p sehingga tidak dapat ditutupi oleh tenaga yang dibebaskan melalui ikatan yang melibatkan orbital sp3.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenwoodEarnshaw1998226–27,_374-7">[7]</a> Kerana sebab itu, unsur tidak memiliki struktur kristal kubik seperti <a href="/wiki/Intan" title="Intan">intan</a>, tetapi terikat melalui <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_logam" title="Ikatan logam">ikatan logam</a> yang melibatkan ion-ion Pb2+ yang dikelilingi "lautan elektron" yang berasal dari orbital 6p. Timah hitam menghablur dengan struktur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubik_pusat_muka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kubik pusat muka (laman tidak wujud)">kubik pusat muka</a> (kpm, atau face-centred cubic, fcc)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristensen2002867-8">[8]</a> seperti halnya logam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logam_alkali_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logam alkali tanah (laman tidak wujud)">golongan IIA</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">kalsium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConsidineConsidine2013501,_2970-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_benda">Sifat benda</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Sifat benda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sifat benda">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Lead-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sebuah lempengan logam yaitu timbal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lead-2.jpg/220px-Lead-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lead-2.jpg/330px-Lead-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lead-2.jpg/440px-Lead-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Contoh timah hitam yang diperoleh dengan membekukan timah hitam cair</figcaption></figure> Timah hitam murni memiliki warna perak terang dengan sedikit kebiru-biruan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenwoodEarnshaw1998372-10">[10]</a> Zat ini memudar saat terkena udara lembap dan warnanya pun akan berubah tergantung kondisi. Ciri utama timah hitam di antaranya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jisim_jenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jisim jenis (laman tidak wujud)">jisim jenis</a> tinggi, lunak, dan mudah ditempa, serta tahan korosi kerana adanya gejala <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasivasi_(kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasivasi (kimia) (laman tidak wujud)">pasivasi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenwoodEarnshaw1998372–73-11">[11]</a> Jisim jenis unsur yang tinggi (11,34 g/cm3) disebabkan oleh susunan atomnya yang berupa kubik pusat muka dengan kepadatan tinggi dan berat atom tinggi. Jisim jenis ini lebih berat dari banyak logam lainnya, seperti <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">ferum</a> (7,87 g/cm3), <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a> (8,93 g/cm3) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng (laman tidak wujud)">seng</a> (7,14 g/cm3).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide200512–35,_12–40-12">[12]</a> Ada beberapa logam yang lebih berat tetapi lebih sukar didapati iaitu <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">aurum</a> (keduanya 19,3 g/cm3) dan <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">osmium</a> (22,59 g/cm3 dan logam terberat yang diketahui saat ini).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide20054–13,_4–21,_4–33-13">[13]</a> Timah hitam bersifat lembut dengan takat hanya 1.5 pada <a href="/wiki/Skala_Mohs" title="Skala Mohs">skala Mohs</a> dan dapat digores dengan kuku.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVogelAchilles20138-14">[14]</a> Logam ini cukup mudah ditempa (yakni "mulur") dan ditarik .<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1869341–43-15">[15]</a> Ia memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulus_curah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modulus curah (laman tidak wujud)">modulus curah</a> (bilangan yang menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Tekanan" title="Tekanan">tekanan</a> yang dibutuhkan untuk mengurangi volume) sebesar 45,8 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">GPa</a>. Sebagai perbandingan, logam aluminium memiliki modulus curah 75,2 GPa, tembaga 137,8 GPa, dan besi karbon sedang 160–169 GPa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaleTotemeier200315–2–15–3-16">[16]</a> Selain itu, timah hitam memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekuatan_tarik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekuatan tarik (laman tidak wujud)">kekuatan tarik</a> yang relatif rendah iaitu 12–17 MPa (hanya sekitar 1/6 dari kekuatan tarik aluminium, 1/10 dari tembaga, dan 1/15 dari baja karbon sedang). Namun, timah hitam dapat diperkuat jika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logam_paduan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logam paduan (laman tidak wujud)">dipadukan</a> dengan sedikit tembaga atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antimon (laman tidak wujud)">antimon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorntonRautiuBrush20018-17">[17]</a> Timah hitam memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titik_lebur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titik lebur (laman tidak wujud)">titik lebur</a> 327,5 °C,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide200512-219-18">[18]</a> sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan kebanyakan logam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorntonRautiuBrush20016-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[a]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titik_didih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titik didih (laman tidak wujud)">Titik didihnya</a> adalah 1749 °C, terendah di golongan IVA.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide200512-219-18">[18]</a> Timah hitam memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resistansi_jenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resistansi jenis (laman tidak wujud)">resistansi jenis</a> (ρ) 192 <a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">nanoohm</a>-<a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a> pada suhu 20 °C, hampir 10 kali lebih besar dibanding logam-logam yang banyak digunakan industri, seperti tembaga (15,43 nΩ·m), emas (20,51 nΩ·m); dan aluminium (24,15 nΩ·m).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide200512-45-22">[21]</a> Angka-angka ini menunjukkan bahawa timah hitam adalah pengalir <a href="/wiki/Arus_elektrik" title="Arus elektrik">arus elektrik</a> yang lebih buruk dibandingkan logam-logam tersebut. Timah hitam menjadi <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Superkonduktor">superkonduktor</a> pada suhu di bawah 7,19 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlakemore1985272-23">[22]</a> ini adalah suhu kritis superkonduktor tertinggi dari seluruh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkonduktor_jenis_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superkonduktor jenis I (laman tidak wujud)">superkonduktor jenis I</a>, dan tertinggi ketiga dari seluruh superkonduktor yang berupa unsur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebbMarsiglioHirsch2015-24">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotop">Isotop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Isotop">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Infobox_lead_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Infobox lead isotopes (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Infobox lead isotopes</a> Plumbum dalam bentuk semulajadinya memiliki 4 isotop stabil (dengan <a href="/wiki/Nombor_jisim" title="Nombor jisim">nombor jisim</a> 205, 206, 207, dan 208) dan 5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioisotop_kecil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioisotop kecil (laman tidak wujud)">radioisotop kecil</a> yang cepat meluruh dan kelimpahannya sangat rendah. Banyaknya jumlah isotop ini adalah hal yang umum untuk unsur dengan nombor atom yang genap.<a href="#cite_note-26">[b]</a> Timah hitam memiliki 82 proton, yang merupakan salah satu "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomob_ajaib_(fizik_nukleus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomob ajaib (fizik nukleus) (laman tidak wujud)">nombor ajaib</a>" dalam fizik teras; sesuai dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_petala_nukleus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model petala nukleus (laman tidak wujud)">model petala nukleus</a>, hal ini bererti unsur memiliki teras atom yang sangat stabil.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone1997-27">[25]</a> Isotop timah hitam-208 bahkan memiliki 126 neutron (126 juga termasuk bilangan ajaib); alhasil isotop 208 ini (82 proton + 126 neutron) adalah isotop yang luar biasa stabil.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone1997-27">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_prasejarah">Zaman prasejarah</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman prasejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman prasejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Lead_production_graph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sebuah bagas garis menunjukkan produksi timbal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lead_production_graph.svg/280px-Lead_production_graph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lead_production_graph.svg/420px-Lead_production_graph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Lead_production_graph.svg/560px-Lead_production_graph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Produksi timah hitam dunia hingga 1950; puncak produksi terjadi pada zaman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romawi_Kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romawi Kuno (laman tidak wujud)">Romawi Kuno</a> dan setelah <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Industri" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHongCandelonePattersonBoutron19941841–43-28">[26]</a></figcaption></figure> Manik-manik timah hitam paling lama bertahan telah ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Kecil" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Kecil">Asia Kecil</a> (sekarang dalam Turki) bertarikh kira-kira 7000–6500 SM yang dianggap sebagai titik mula manusia memperoleh logam bijih secara kaedah <a href="/wiki/Peleburan" title="Peleburan">peleburan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19944-29">[27]</a> Pada ketitka ini itu, timah hitam agaknya memiliki sedikit kegunaan kerana bersifat lunak dan tampak buram.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19944-29">[27]</a> Penyebab meningkatnya produksi timah hitam adalah kerana bijih timah hitam yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galena (laman tidak wujud)">galena</a> juga merupakan sumber perak.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinder1993b-30">[28]</a> Bangsa <a href="/wiki/Mesir_Kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesir Kuno">Mesir Kuno</a> adalah bangsa pertama yang menggunakan galian ini sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kosmetik" title="Kosmetik">kosmetik</a> yang menyebar sejauh <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani</a> dan daerah-daerah lain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistory_of_Cosmetics-31">[29]</a> Bangsa Mesir Kuno juga menggunakan sebagai bahan pemberat jala ikan, sebatian <a href="/wiki/Kaca" title="Kaca">kaca</a>, licauan tembikar, dan sebagai hiasan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinder1993b-30">[28]</a> Masyarakat yang menduduki rantau <a href="/wiki/Hilal_Subur" title="Hilal Subur">Hilal Subur</a> menggunakan timah hitam untuk alat tulis, mata wang, dan sebagai bahan bangunan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinder1993b-30">[28]</a> Golongan seisi istana dan bangsawan <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_China" title="Sejarah China">Cina</a> mengambil timah hitam <a href="/wiki/Stimulan" class="mw-redirect" title="Stimulan">psikostimulan</a> di kalangan istana,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinder1993b-30">[28]</a> sebagai mata wang<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuYu200426-32">[30]</a> dan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alat_kawalan_kelahiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alat kawalan kelahiran (laman tidak wujud)">pengawal kelahiran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToronto_museum_explores2003-33">[31]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peradaban_Lembah_Indus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peradaban Lembah Indus (laman tidak wujud)">Peradaban Lembah Indus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerika" title="Mesoamerika">Mesoamerika</a> menggunakannya untuk membuat berbagai jimat;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinder1993b-30">[28]</a> bangsa-bangsa Afrika daerah selatan dan timur menggunakannya untuk mengerjakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penarikan_kawat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penarikan kawat (laman tidak wujud)">penarikan kawat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBissonVogel2000105-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_klasik">Zaman klasik</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman klasik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman klasik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg/220px-Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg/330px-Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg/440px-Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>batu <a href="/wiki/Humban" title="Humban">humban</a> timah hitam zaman Yunani Kuno.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELead_sling_bullet-35">[33]</a></figcaption></figure> Kelaziman penggunaan bahan perak yang sering tercampur dalam galian timah hitam banyak digunakan sebagai alat tukar dan perhiasan, sumber-sumber timah hitam mulai diperoleh di Asia Kecil sejak 3000 SM, lalu diikuti pengolahan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepulauan_Aegea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepulauan Aegea (laman tidak wujud)">Kepulauan Aegea</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lavrio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lavrio (laman tidak wujud)">Lavrio</a> (sekarang di Yunani). Tiga kawasan ini mendominasi perlombongan timah hitam hingga sekitar 1200 SM.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19945-36">[34]</a> Selain itu, masyarakat <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Finikiyah</a> sejak 2000 SM mengolah sumber timah hitam di <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Iberia" title="Semenanjung Iberia">Semenanjung Iberia</a>; pada 1600 SM pulau <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Kibris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> pun juga memiliki perlombongan timah hitam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Geological_Survey1973-37">[35]</a> Rantau <a href="/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara">Nusantara</a> telah mengenal perlombongan timah hitam dan penggunaannya dalam paduan <a href="/wiki/Gangsa" title="Gangsa">gangsa</a> setidaknya sudah ada sejak zaman Hindu-Buddha. sebahagian <a href="/wiki/Artifak" title="Artifak">artifak</a> gangsa yang ditemukan dari zaman ini di <a href="/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a> mengandung kadar timah hitam yang berkisar antara 1,22% sampai 17,43%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoedowo2012159-38">[36]</a> Daerah perlombongan yang menggunakan teknik peleburan ditemukan di banyak tempat serata pulau <a href="/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a> terutamanya <a href="/wiki/Muara_Sipongi,_Mandailing_Natal" title="Muara Sipongi, Mandailing Natal">Muara Sipongi</a> di <a href="/wiki/Sumatera_Utara" title="Sumatera Utara">utara</a>nya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoedowo2012162-39">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rom" title="Republik Rom">Republik Rom</a> menjadi pengeluar terbesar timah hitam pada zaman klasik akibat perluasan wilayahnya di Eropah dan <a href="/wiki/Laut_Mediterranean" title="Laut Mediterranean">Laut Rum</a> serta pengembangan perlombongan dijalankan. Puncak produksi timah hitam Romawi pada masa ini diperkirakan mencapai 80.000 ton. Seperti sebelumnya, sebahagian besar timah hitam diperoleh sebagai hasil sampingan perlombonganperak.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHongCandelonePattersonBoutron19941841–43-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Callataÿ2005361–72-40">[38]</a> perlombongan timah hitam dibuka di Eropah Tengah, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britania_Romawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britania Romawi (laman tidak wujud)">Britania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Balkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Semenanjung Balkan">Semenanjung Balkan</a>, Yunani, Asia Kecil, dan Semenanjung <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>; Hispania sendiri menghasilkan 40% timah hitam dunia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHongCandelonePattersonBoutron19941841–43-28">[26]</a> Papan timah hitam banyak digunakan sebagai bahan menulis surat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECeccarelli201335-41">[39]</a> Di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yudea_(provinsi_Romawi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yudea (provinsi Romawi) (laman tidak wujud)">Provinsi Yudea</a>, timah hitam digunakan sebagai peti mati yang dicetak dengan motif-motif sesuai kepercayaan penghuninya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOssuaries_and_Sarcophagi-42">[40]</a> Timah hitam digunakan sebagai bahan membina pembetung yang mengalirkan bekalan air serata <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Rom" title="Empayar Rom">empayar Rom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19946-43">[41]</a> Sifatnya yang mudah diolah dan tahan <a href="/wiki/Pengakisan" title="Pengakisan">kakis</a> diidamkan sebagai bahan ubat-ubatan, atap, mata wang, maupun persenjataan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19946-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorntonRautiuBrush2001179–84-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiselBisel2002459–60-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERetiefCilliers2006149–51-46">[44]</a> Penulis seperti <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Porcius_Cato" title="Marcus Porcius Cato">Marcus Porcius Cato</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Columella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columella (laman tidak wujud)">Columella</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Plinius_yang_Tua" title="Plinius yang Tua">Plinius yang Tua</a> menyarankan penggunaan wadah berbahan atau berlapis timah hitam untuk membuat defrutum, suatu bahan pemanis dan pengawet <a href="/wiki/Wain" title="Wain">wain</a> dan makanan. Saat ini diketahui bahawa wadah timah hitam memberikan rasa manis kerana dapat bereaksi membentuk timah hitam(II) asetat ("gula timah hitam"), sedangkan wadah tembaga atau perunggu dapat menberikan rasa pahit akibat terbentuknya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tembaga(II)_asetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tembaga(II) asetat (laman tidak wujud)">tembaga(II) asetat</a> ("verdigris").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrout2017-47">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Grosvenor_Museums_-_Wasserr%C3%B6hren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Grosvenor_Museums_-_Wasserr%C3%B6hren.jpg/220px-Grosvenor_Museums_-_Wasserr%C3%B6hren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Grosvenor_Museums_-_Wasserr%C3%B6hren.jpg/330px-Grosvenor_Museums_-_Wasserr%C3%B6hren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Grosvenor_Museums_-_Wasserr%C3%B6hren.jpg/440px-Grosvenor_Museums_-_Wasserr%C3%B6hren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitruvius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitruvius (laman tidak wujud)">Vitruvius</a> menulis bahawa timah hitam membahayakan kesihatan,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodge1981486–91-48">[46]</a> dan beberapa penulis moden berpendapat bahawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keracunan_plumbum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keracunan plumbum (laman tidak wujud)">keracunan plumbum</a> adalah salah satu penyebab masyarakat Romawi menyusut.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilfillan196553–60-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENriagu1983660–63-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[c]</a> Namun, peneliti lain mengkritik pendapat tersebut, salah satunya dengan menunjukkan bahawa tidak semua gejala sakit perut diakibatkan keracunan timah hitam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScarborough1984-53">[50]</a> Menurut penelitian arkeologi, pipa timah hitam yang digunakan bangsa Romawi meningkatkan kadar timah hitam dalam air leding, tetapi efeknya kemungkinan besar tidak terlalu berbahaya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddyBraun20101052-54">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelileBlichert-ToftGoiranKeay20146594–99-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pada_zaman_Pertengahan_dan_Pembaharuan">Pada zaman Pertengahan dan Pembaharuan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Pada zaman Pertengahan dan Pembaharuan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pada zaman Pertengahan dan Pembaharuan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> perlombongan timah hitam di Eropah barat menurun setelah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Runtuhnya_Kekaisaran_Romawi_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Runtuhnya Kekaisaran Romawi Barat (laman tidak wujud)">runtuhnya Kekaisaran Romawi Barat</a>, dan hanya <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> (Hispania) yang masih memproduksi timah hitam dengan jumlah besar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinder1993a-56">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19947-57">[54]</a> Pada saat bersamaan, perlombongan timah hitam tumbuh dengan cepat di luar Eropah. Produksi terbesar terjadi di Asia Timur (terutama China) dan Asia Selatan (terutama India).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19947-57">[54]</a> perlombongan timah hitam mulai meningkat lagi di Eropah pada abad ke-11 dan ke-12, dan logam tersebut digunakan kembali untuk bahan atap dan pipa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19948-58">[55]</a> Sejak abad ke-13, timah hitam digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaca_patri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaca patri (laman tidak wujud)">kaca berwarna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19948-58">[55]</a> Menurut ilmu <a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">alkimia</a> dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkimia_dan_kimia_pada_zaman_Islam_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkimia dan kimia pada zaman Islam pertengahan (laman tidak wujud)">tradisi dunia Islam</a> dan Eropah pada abad pertengahan, timah hitam merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logam_dasar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logam dasar (laman tidak wujud)">logam dasar</a> tak murni yang konon dapat diubah menjadi emas melalui proses pemisahan dan pemurnian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotnoir200635-59">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nicholas_Hilliard_(called)_-_Portrait_of_Queen_Elizabeth_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portret Elizabeth I, dengan wajah putih." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nicholas_Hilliard_%28called%29_-_Portrait_of_Queen_Elizabeth_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Nicholas_Hilliard_%28called%29_-_Portrait_of_Queen_Elizabeth_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nicholas_Hilliard_%28called%29_-_Portrait_of_Queen_Elizabeth_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Nicholas_Hilliard_%28called%29_-_Portrait_of_Queen_Elizabeth_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nicholas_Hilliard_%28called%29_-_Portrait_of_Queen_Elizabeth_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Nicholas_Hilliard_%28called%29_-_Portrait_of_Queen_Elizabeth_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3407" data-file-height="4427" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_dari_England" title="Elizabeth I dari England">Ratu Elizabeth I</a> sering digambarkan bersolek putih di wajahnya yang mengandungi kadar timah hitam yang tinggi sehingga dianggap sebagai salah satu penyebab kematiannya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKellett2012106–07-60">[57]</a></figcaption></figure> Pada masa ini, timah hitam juga digunakan sebagai bahan campuran pada minuman anggur. <a href="/wiki/Paus_Alexander_VI" title="Paus Alexander VI">Paus Alexander VI</a> melarang penggunaan wain yang dicampurkan timah hitam dalam <a href="/wiki/Ritus" title="Ritus">upacara</a> <a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Kudus" title="Perjamuan Kudus">jamuan</a> <a href="/wiki/Misa" title="Misa">misa</a> dan kegiatan yang seumpamanyapada 1498, namun amalan ini masih terus berlangsung sehingga mengakibatkan banyak kes kracunan hingga abad ke-18.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinder1993a-56">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESamson1885388-61">[58]</a> Timah hitam juga merupakan bahan penting untuk <a href="/wiki/Mesin_cetak" title="Mesin cetak">mesin cetak</a> yang ditemukan sekitar 1440; pekerja mesin cetak sering mengalami keracunan akibat pendedahan kepada sisa debu ukiran timah hitam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinhaShellySharmaMeenakshi1993-62">[59]</a> Timah hitam menjadi bahan utama peluru untuk senjata api pada masa ini. Walaupun lebih mahal dibanding besi, timah hitam dipilih kerana besi membuat laras senapang tidak mudah mengaray, sedangkan timah hitam lebih padat dan mudah dihasilkan kerana titik lelehnya lebih rendah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamage19808-63">[60]</a> Kosmetik dikandungi timah hitam digunakan oleh kalangan bangsawan Eropah Barat sebagai pemutih wajah, dan kelak juga untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rambut_palsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rambut palsu (laman tidak wujud)">rambut palsu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Celak" title="Celak">celak</a>. Tren ini baru surut pada masa <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Perancis" title="Revolusi Perancis">Revolusi Perancis</a> pada akhir abad ke-18,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETungate201114-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnelly2014171–172-65">[62]</a> tetapi solekan serupa juga muncul di Jepun abad ke-18, sejak munculnya pekerjaan <a href="/wiki/Geisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Geisha">wanita penghibur</a> yang bersolek demikian kerana ajah putih dianggap melambangkan sifat baik wanita Jepun.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENakashimaHayashiTashiroMatsushita199859-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshikari200365-67">[64]</a> Di Afrika, perlombongan dan pertukangan timah hitam berlangsung di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palung_Benue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palung Benue (laman tidak wujud)">Palung Benue</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBissonVogel200085-68">[65]</a> dan daerah hilir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cekungan_Kongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cekungan Kongo (laman tidak wujud)">Cekungan Kongo</a>, serta penggunaan logam ini sebagai mata wang dan alat tukar dengan bangsa Eropah telah terjadi pada abad ke-17 sebelum <a href="/wiki/Perebutan_Afrika" title="Perebutan Afrika">penjajahan besar-besaran</a> bangsa Eropah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBissonVogel2000131–32-69">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_penjelajahan_Bangsa_Eropah">Zaman penjelajahan Bangsa Eropah</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman penjelajahan Bangsa Eropah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman penjelajahan Bangsa Eropah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Di benua Amerika, kedatangan bangsa Eropah diikuti juga dengan perlombongan timah hitam. perlombonganmulai didirikan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koloni_Virginia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koloni Virginia (laman tidak wujud)">Koloni Virginia</a> pada 1621, 14 tahun setelah pendirian koloni tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERabinowitz199566-70">[67]</a> Perlombongan di benua Australia mula dengan pembukaan sebuah lombong timah hitam pada tahun 1841.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillLibraries_Board_of_South_Australia197469-71">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Giat_perlombingan_zaman_Revolusi_Perindustrian">Giat perlombingan zaman Revolusi Perindustrian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Giat perlombingan zaman Revolusi Perindustrian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Giat perlombingan zaman Revolusi Perindustrian">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Lead_mining_Barber_1865p321cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gambar hitam-putih menggambarkan para pekerja di sebuah pertambangan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lead_mining_Barber_1865p321cropped.jpg/220px-Lead_mining_Barber_1865p321cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lead_mining_Barber_1865p321cropped.jpg/330px-Lead_mining_Barber_1865p321cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lead_mining_Barber_1865p321cropped.jpg/440px-Lead_mining_Barber_1865p321cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Perlombongan timah hitam di hulu <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Mississippi" title="Sungai Mississippi">Sungai Mississippi</a>, 1865</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Perindustrian" title="Revolusi Perindustrian">Revolusi Industri</a> terjadi pada separuh kedua abad ke-18 di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britain_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britain Raya (laman tidak wujud)">Britain Raya</a> dan menyebar ke benua Eropah serta Amerika Syarikat. Saat ini pengeluaran timah hitam meningkat kembali bahkan melebihi produksi zaman Rom untuk pertama kalinya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHongCandelonePattersonBoutron19941841–43-28">[26]</a> Awalnya, Britania Raya adalah penghasil timah hitam terbesar hingga pertengahan abad ke-19, saat persediaan timah hitamnya mulai habis dan perlombongandi Jerman, Spanyol, dan Amerika Syarikat semakin berkembang.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELead_mining-72">[69]</a> Pada 1900, Amerika Syarikat adalah penghasil timah hitam terbesar, negara-negara luar benua Eropah lain terutamanya Kanada, Mexico dan Australia) mulai melombong timah hitam dalam jumlah besar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich199411-73">[70]</a> Alhasil, produksi timah hitam di luar Eropah melebihi produksi Eropah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich199411-73">[70]</a> Timah hitam paling banyak digunakan untuk membuat pipa dan cat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivaLafranconid'OrsoCesana201211–16-74">[71]</a> Semakin banyak orang didedahkan kepada plumbum dan mengalami keracunan terutamanya dalam golongan pekerja lalu akhirnya mencetuskan penyelidikan yang menyeluruh mengenai kesan timah hitam terhadap tubuh manusia. Penelitian selanjutnya menyimpulkan bahawa asap timah hitam lebih berbahaya daripada timah hitam berbentuk padatan. Timah hitam dikaitkan dengan penyakit <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Baring_Garrod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Baring Garrod (laman tidak wujud)">Alfred Baring Garrod</a> menemukan bahawa sepertiga dari pesakit yang didiagnos menghidap penyakit ini adalah pekerja yang terlibat dalam pengimpalan dan <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">mengecat</a>. Pada abad ke-19, diteliti juga kesan menghirup timah hitam (terutama jika terus menerus) terhadap kelainan-kelainan mental. Pada dekade 1870-an dan 1880-an, Britania Raya mengeluarkan undang-undang untuk mengurangi keracunan timah hitam di pabrik-pabrik.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivaLafranconid'OrsoCesana201211–16-74">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_moden:_kesedaran_bahaya_dan_pengurangan">Zaman moden: kesedaran bahaya dan pengurangan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman moden: kesedaran bahaya dan pengurangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman moden: kesedaran bahaya dan pengurangan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Dutch_boy_collier_white_lead.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Poster cat dengan gambar seorang anak." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Dutch_boy_collier_white_lead.png/220px-Dutch_boy_collier_white_lead.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Dutch_boy_collier_white_lead.png/330px-Dutch_boy_collier_white_lead.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Dutch_boy_collier_white_lead.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>Poster cat buatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Boy_Paint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch Boy Paint (laman tidak wujud)">Dutch Boy</a> dengan bahan timah hitam, Amerika Syarikat, 1912</figcaption></figure> Bukti-bukti bahaya yang ditimbulkan timah hitam terus ditemukan pada abad ke-19 dan 20. Pengetahuan akan mekanisme unsur ini dalam tubuh manusia semakin jelas, dan ditemukan juga fenomena kebutaan yang diakibatkan oleh timah hitam. Akibatnya, unsur ini mulai dihindari di Amerika Syarikat dan Eropah. Britania Raya mewajibkan pemeriksaan kilang pada 1878 dengan suatu badan khusus tujuan ini ditubuhkan pada pada 1898; setelah itu, kasus keracunan timah hitam berkurang 25 kali ganda selama tertahun 1900–1944.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHernberg2000246-75">[72]</a> Pada 1930, sebahagian besar negara Eropah telah melarang cat timah hitam (yang populer kerana daya tarikan warnanya yang pekat dan tahan air)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow2007-76">[73]</a> untuk interior bangunan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkowitzRosner200037-77">[74]</a> Timah hitam (dalam bentuk tetra etil timah hitam) mulai digunakan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zat_antiketuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zat antiketuk (laman tidak wujud)">zat antiketuk</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Benzena" title="Benzena">benzena</a> di Amerika Syarikat pada 1921. Amalan ini menyebar luas dan menjadi sumber terakhir yang memaparkan timah hitam pada khalayak umum. Pada 2000, praktik ini telah dilarang di Amerika Syarikat dan Kesatuan Eropah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUekoetter2004132-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivaLafranconid'OrsoCesana201211–16-74">[71]</a> Pada dasawarsa 1970-an, Amerika Syarikat dan negara-negara Eropah Barat mulai mengeluarkan undang-undang membataskan pencemaran timah hitam di udara<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreSpauldingBohleberHandley2017-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Geophysical_Union2017-80">[77]</a> yang terbukti berkesan: penelitian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Pengendalian_dan_Pencegahan_Penyakit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit (laman tidak wujud)">Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit</a> Amerika Syarikat menunjukkan bahawa populasi yang menderita tingginya kadar kandungan timah hitam dalam darah menurun dari 77,8% (1976–1980) menjadi 2,2% (1991–1994).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECenters_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention1997-81">[78]</a> Pada akhir abad ke-20, produk mengandung timah hitam yang paling umum adalah bateri asid plumbum yang dianggap tidak berbahaya bagi manusia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich1994117-82">[79]</a> Selama tempoh 1960–1990, produksi timah hitam di negara-negara <a href="/wiki/Blok_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok Barat">Blok Barat</a> tumbuh sekitar 31%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich199417-83">[80]</a> Produksi di negara-negara <a href="/wiki/Blok_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok Timur">Blok Timur</a> juga meningkat, dan peratussan timah hitam dunia yang dihasilkan di negara-negara ini meningkat dari sekitar 10% (1950) menjadi 30% (1990). <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet">Kesatuan Soviet</a> menjadi penghasil timah hitam terbesar dunia dari pertengahan 1970-an hingga 1980-an, dan China mulai melakukan perlombongan timah hitam besar-besaran pada akhir abad ke-20.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERich199491–92-84">[81]</a> Berbeda dengan negara-negara Blok Timur di Eropah, pada pertengahan abad ke-20 sebahagian besar China masih belum maju diindustrikan penuh. Penggunaan timah hitam terkait pengindustrian yang selanjutnya terjadi di negara tersebut menjadi ancaman kesihatan (seperti halnya di Eropah pada masa Revolusi Industri).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhangYangLiLi20122261–73-85">[82]</a> Pada tahun 2004, China menjadi pengeluar timah hitam terbesar dunia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Geological_Survey2005-86">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Catatan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Bandingkan dengan titik leleh besi yaitu 1536 °C, tembaga yaitu 1084 °C, dan aluminum yaitu 660 °C. Ada juga yang lebih rendah dibanding timbal, misalnya timah (231,9 °C). <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorntonRautiuBrush200113-20">[20]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Hal ini disebabkan jumlah proton atau neutron yang genap biasanya meningkatkan kestabilan inti sebuah atom, relatif dibandingkan inti atom dengan jumlah ganjil. Tidak ada unsur bernomor atom ganjil yang memiliki lebih dari dua isotop stabil, sedangkan semua unsur bernomor genap memiliki lebih dari satu isotop stabil, termasuk timah (nomor atom 50) yang memiliki jumlah isotop stabil tertinggi yaitu 10.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIAEA_-_Nuclear_Data_Section2017-25">[24]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Bahkan, <a href="#CITEREFFrankenburg2014">Frankenburg 2014</a>, halaman 16 menganggap timbal sebagai penyebab <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> hanya memiliki satu anak dan penerusnya <a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar Augustus">Augustus</a> tidak memiliki anak.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankenburg201416-51">[49]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=plumbum">"plumbum"</a>. 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Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh, limited. m/s. 211.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=timah&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Kelly+%26+Walsh%2C+limited&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Richard+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu%2Fpage%2F210%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dtimah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> Rencana ini mengandungi teks dari sumber yang berada dalam <a href="/wiki/Domain_awam" title="Domain awam">domain awam</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=plumbum&d=320368&">"plumbum"</a>. 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELead_sling_bullet-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELead_sling_bullet_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLead_sling_bullet">Lead sling bullet</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19945-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich19945_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRich1994">Rich 1994</a>, m/s. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Geological_Survey1973-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Geological_Survey1973_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Geological_Survey1973">United States Geological Survey 1973</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoedowo2012159-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoedowo2012159_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSoedowo2012">Soedowo 2012</a>, m/s. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoedowo2012162-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoedowo2012162_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSoedowo2012">Soedowo 2012</a>, m/s. 162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Callataÿ2005361–72-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Callataÿ2005361–72_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFde_Callataÿ2005">de Callataÿ 2005</a>, m/s. 361–72. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECeccarelli201335-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECeccarelli201335_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCeccarelli2013">Ceccarelli 2013</a>, m/s. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOssuaries_and_Sarcophagi-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOssuaries_and_Sarcophagi_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOssuaries_and_Sarcophagi">Ossuaries and Sarcophagi</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19946-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich19946_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich19946_43-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRich1994">Rich 1994</a>, m/s. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThorntonRautiuBrush2001179–84-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThorntonRautiuBrush2001179–84_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThorntonRautiuBrush2001">Thornton, Rautiu & Brush 2001</a>, m/s. 179–84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiselBisel2002459–60-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiselBisel2002459–60_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBiselBisel2002">Bisel & Bisel 2002</a>, m/s. 459–60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERetiefCilliers2006149–51-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERetiefCilliers2006149–51_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRetiefCilliers2006">Retief & Cilliers 2006</a>, m/s. 149–51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrout2017-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrout2017_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrout2017">Grout 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodge1981486–91-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodge1981486–91_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHodge1981">Hodge 1981</a>, m/s. 486–91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilfillan196553–60-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilfillan196553–60_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilfillan1965">Gilfillan 1965</a>, m/s. 53–60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENriagu1983660–63-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENriagu1983660–63_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNriagu1983">Nriagu 1983</a>, m/s. 660–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankenburg201416-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankenburg201416_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrankenburg2014">Frankenburg 2014</a>, m/s. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScarborough1984-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScarborough1984_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScarborough1984">Scarborough 1984</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReddyBraun20101052-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReddyBraun20101052_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReddyBraun2010">Reddy & Braun 2010</a>, m/s. 1052. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelileBlichert-ToftGoiranKeay20146594–99-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelileBlichert-ToftGoiranKeay20146594–99_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDelileBlichert-ToftGoiranKeay2014">Delile dll. 2014</a>, m/s. 6594–99. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinder1993a-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinder1993a_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinder1993a_56-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWinder1993a">Winder 1993a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19947-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich19947_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich19947_57-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRich1994">Rich 1994</a>, m/s. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERich19948-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich19948_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich19948_58-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRich1994">Rich 1994</a>, m/s. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotnoir200635-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotnoir200635_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotnoir2006">Cotnoir 2006</a>, m/s. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKellett2012106–07-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKellett2012106–07_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKellett2012">Kellett 2012</a>, m/s. 106–07. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESamson1885388-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamson1885388_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSamson1885">Samson 1885</a>, m/s. 388. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinhaShellySharmaMeenakshi1993-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinhaShellySharmaMeenakshi1993_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSinhaShellySharmaMeenakshi1993">Sinha dll. 1993</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamage19808-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamage19808_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamage1980">Ramage 1980</a>, m/s. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETungate201114-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETungate201114_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTungate2011">Tungate 2011</a>, m/s. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnelly2014171–172-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnelly2014171–172_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonnelly2014">Donnelly 2014</a>, m/s. 171–172. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENakashimaHayashiTashiroMatsushita199859-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENakashimaHayashiTashiroMatsushita199859_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNakashimaHayashiTashiroMatsushita1998">Nakashima dll. 1998</a>, m/s. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshikari200365-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshikari200365_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAshikari2003">Ashikari 2003</a>, m/s. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBissonVogel200085-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBissonVogel200085_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBissonVogel2000">Bisson & Vogel 2000</a>, m/s. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBissonVogel2000131–32-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBissonVogel2000131–32_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBissonVogel2000">Bisson & Vogel 2000</a>, m/s. 131–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERabinowitz199566-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERabinowitz199566_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRabinowitz1995">Rabinowitz 1995</a>, m/s. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillLibraries_Board_of_South_Australia197469-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillLibraries_Board_of_South_Australia197469_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGillLibraries_Board_of_South_Australia1974">Gill & Libraries Board of South Australia 1974</a>, m/s. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELead_mining-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELead_mining_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLead_mining">Lead mining</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERich199411-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich199411_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich199411_73-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRich1994">Rich 1994</a>, m/s. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivaLafranconid'OrsoCesana201211–16-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivaLafranconid'OrsoCesana201211–16_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivaLafranconid'OrsoCesana201211–16_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivaLafranconid'OrsoCesana201211–16_74-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFRivaLafranconid'OrsoCesana2012">Riva dll. 2012</a>, m/s. 11–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHernberg2000246-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHernberg2000246_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHernberg2000">Hernberg 2000</a>, m/s. 246. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrow2007-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrow2007_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrow2007">Crow 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkowitzRosner200037-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarkowitzRosner200037_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarkowitzRosner2000">Markowitz & Rosner 2000</a>, m/s. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUekoetter2004132-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUekoetter2004132_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUekoetter2004">Uekoetter 2004</a>, m/s. 132. sfn error: no target: CITEREFUekoetter2004 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (laman tidak wujud)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreSpauldingBohleberHandley2017-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreSpauldingBohleberHandley2017_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoreSpauldingBohleberHandley2017">More dll. 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Geophysical_Union2017-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Geophysical_Union2017_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Geophysical_Union2017">American Geophysical Union 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECenters_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention1997-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECenters_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention1997_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCenters_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention1997">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERich1994117-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich1994117_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRich1994">Rich 1994</a>, m/s. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERich199417-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich199417_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRich1994">Rich 1994</a>, m/s. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERich199491–92-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERich199491–92_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRich1994">Rich 1994</a>, m/s. 91–92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhangYangLiLi20122261–73-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhangYangLiLi20122261–73_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZhangYangLiLi2012">Zhang dll. 2012</a>, m/s. 2261–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Geological_Survey2005-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Geological_Survey2005_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Geological_Survey2005">United States Geological Survey 2005</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumbum&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5773711">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFActon2013" class="citation book cs1">Acton, Q. A., penyunting (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3n0yqmPRwh8C">Issues in Global Environment—Pollution and Waste Management: 2012 Edition</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ScholarlyEditions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ScholarlyEditions (laman tidak wujud)">ScholarlyEditions</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4816-4665-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4816-4665-9"><bdi>978-1-4816-4665-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issues+in+Global+Environment%E2%80%94Pollution+and+Waste+Management%3A+2012+Edition&rft.pub=ScholarlyEditions&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4816-4665-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3n0yqmPRwh8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAgency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (laman tidak wujud)">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/lead/community/index.html">"Information for the Community: Lead Toxicity"</a> (MP4 webcast, 82 MB). Dicapai pada 11 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+for+the+Community%3A+Lead+Toxicity&rft.au=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%2Fcsem%2Flead%2Fcommunity%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAgency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (laman tidak wujud)">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/csem.asp?csem=34&po=8">"Lead Toxicity. What Are U.S. Standards for Lead Levels?"</a>. Dicapai pada 12 Juni 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lead+Toxicity.+What+Are+U.S.+Standards+for+Lead+Levels%3F&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%2Fcsem%2Fcsem.asp%3Fcsem%3D34%26po%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAlsfasser2007" class="citation book cs1">Alsfasser, R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=HwY4be5bH_sC&dq=%5BPb4%5D4-+zintl#v=onepage&q&f=false">Moderne anorganische Chemie</a> [Kimia anorganik modern] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-019060-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-11-019060-1"><bdi>978-3-11-019060-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moderne+anorganische+Chemie&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-11-019060-1&rft.aulast=Alsfasser&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DHwY4be5bH_sC%26dq%3D%255BPb4%255D4-%2Bzintl%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Geophysical_Union2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Geophysical_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Geophysical Union (laman tidak wujud)">American Geophysical Union</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eos.org/scientific-press/human-activity-has-polluted-european-air-for-2000-years">"Human Activity Has Polluted European Air for 2000 Years"</a>. Eos Science News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Activity+Has+Polluted+European+Air+for+2000+Years&rft.pub=Eos+Science+News&rft.date=2017&rft.au=American+Geophysical+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feos.org%2Fscientific-press%2Fhuman-activity-has-polluted-european-air-for-2000-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAmstock1997" class="citation book cs1">Amstock, J. S. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=apWvKnKKrvsC">Handbook of Glass in Construction</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=McGraw-Hill_Professional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McGraw-Hill Professional (laman tidak wujud)">McGraw-Hill Professional</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-07-001619-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-07-001619-4"><bdi>978-0-07-001619-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Glass+in+Construction&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Professional&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-07-001619-4&rft.aulast=Amstock&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DapWvKnKKrvsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1869" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, J. (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/malleability-and-ductility-of-metal/">"Malleability and ductility of metals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>. 21 (22): 341–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican11271869-341">10.1038/scientificamerican11271869-341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Malleability+and+ductility+of+metals&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=341-43&rft.date=1869&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican11271869-341&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fmalleability-and-ductility-of-metal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAshikari2003" class="citation journal cs1">Ashikari, M. (2003). "The memory of the women's white faces: Japaneseness and the ideal image of women". Japan Forum. 15 (1): 55–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0955580032000077739">10.1080/0955580032000077739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Forum&rft.atitle=The+memory+of+the+women%27s+white+faces%3A+Japaneseness+and+the+ideal+image+of+women&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=55-79&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0955580032000077739&rft.aulast=Ashikari&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAssiHezmeeHaronSabri2016" class="citation journal cs1">Assi, M. A.; Hezmee, M. N. M.; Haron, A. W.; Sabri, M. Yu.; Rajion, M. A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4937060">"The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health"</a>. Veterinary World. 9 (6): 660–671. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14202%2Fvetworld.2016.660-671">10.14202/vetworld.2016.660-671</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0972-8988">0972-8988</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4937060">4937060</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27397992">27397992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+World&rft.atitle=The+detrimental+effects+of+lead+on+human+and+animal+health&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=660-671&rft.date=2016&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4937060%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0972-8988&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27397992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14202%2Fvetworld.2016.660-671&rft.aulast=Assi&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rft.au=Hezmee%2C+M.+N.+M.&rft.au=Haron%2C+A.+W.&rft.au=Sabri%2C+M.+Yu.&rft.au=Rajion%2C+M.+A.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4937060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|displayauthors=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAudsley1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Ashdown_Audsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Ashdown Audsley (laman tidak wujud)">Audsley, G. A.</a> (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=I0h525OVoTgC">The Art of Organ Building</a>. 2. Courier. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-486-21315-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-486-21315-6"><bdi>978-0-486-21315-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Organ+Building&rft.pub=Courier&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-0-486-21315-6&rft.aulast=Audsley&rft.aufirst=G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DI0h525OVoTgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAuerKoverAidalaGreenwood" class="citation report cs1">Auer, Charles M.; Kover, Frank D.; Aidala, James V.; Greenwood, Mark (1 Maret 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epaalumni.org/hcp/toxics.pdf">Toxic Substances: A Half Century of Progress</a> (PDF) (Laporan). EPA Alumni Association. Dicapai pada 1 Januari 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Toxic+Substances%3A+A+Half+Century+of+Progress&rft.pub=EPA+Alumni+Association&rft.aulast=Auer&rft.aufirst=Charles+M.&rft.au=Kover%2C+Frank+D.&rft.au=Aidala%2C+James+V.&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epaalumni.org%2Fhcp%2Ftoxics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBairdCann2012" class="citation book cs1">Baird, C.; Cann, N. (2012). Environmental Chemistry (ed. 5). W. H. Freeman and Company. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4292-7704-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4292-7704-4"><bdi>978-1-4292-7704-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+Chemistry&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman+and+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4292-7704-4&rft.aulast=Baird&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Cann%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBeckerFörsterFranzenHartrath2008" class="citation journal cs1">Becker, M.; Förster, C.; Franzen, C.; dll. (2008). "Persistent radicals of trivalent tin and lead". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inorganic_Chemistry_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inorganic Chemistry (journal) (laman tidak wujud)">Inorganic Chemistry</a>. 47 (21): 9965–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fic801198p">10.1021/ic801198p</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18823115">18823115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Persistent+radicals+of+trivalent+tin+and+lead&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=9965-78&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fic801198p&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18823115&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=F%C3%B6rster%2C+C.&rft.au=Franzen%2C+C.&rft.au=Hartrath%2C+J.&rft.au=Kirsten%2C+E.&rft.au=Knuth%2C+J.&rft.au=Klinkhammer%2C+K.+W.&rft.au=Sharma%2C+A.&rft.au=H.%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBeemanBelliniCardaniCasali2013" class="citation journal cs1">Beeman, J. W.; Bellini, F.; Cardani, L.; dll. (2013). "New experimental limits on the a decays of lead isotopes". <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Physical_Journal_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Physical Journal A (laman tidak wujud)">European Physical Journal A</a>. 49 (50): 50. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1212.2422">1212.2422</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EPJA...49...50B">2013EPJA...49...50B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1140%2Fepja%2Fi2013-13050-7">10.1140/epja/i2013-13050-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Physical+Journal+A&rft.atitle=New+experimental+limits+on+the+a+decays+of+lead+isotopes&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=50&rft.pages=50&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1212.2422&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1140%2Fepja%2Fi2013-13050-7&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013EPJA...49...50B&rft.aulast=Beeman&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft.au=Bellini%2C+F.&rft.au=Cardani%2C+L.&rft.au=Casali%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBeinerLaviSeriRossin2015" class="citation journal cs1">Beiner, G. G.; Lavi, M.; Seri, H.; dll. (2015). "Oddy Tests: Adding the Analytical Dimension". Collection Forum. 29 (1–2): 22–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14351%2F0831-4985-29.1.22">10.14351/0831-4985-29.1.22</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0831-4985">0831-4985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collection+Forum&rft.atitle=Oddy+Tests%3A+Adding+the+Analytical+Dimension&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=22-36&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14351%2F0831-4985-29.1.22&rft.issn=0831-4985&rft.aulast=Beiner&rft.aufirst=G.+G.&rft.au=Lavi%2C+M.&rft.au=Seri%2C+H.&rft.au=Rossin%2C+Anna&rft.au=Lev%2C+Ovadia&rft.au=Gun%2C+Jenny&rft.au=Rabinovich%2C+Rivka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBhararaAtwood2006" class="citation book cs1">Bharara, M. S.; Atwood, D. A. (2006). "Lead: Inorganic ChemistryBased in part on the article Lead: Inorganic Chemistry by Philip G. Harrison which appeared in theEncyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition". Lead: Inorganic Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F0470862106.ia118">10.1002/0470862106.ia118</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0470860786" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0470860786"><bdi>978-0470860786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lead%3A+Inorganic+ChemistryBased+in+part+on+the+article+Lead%3A+Inorganic+Chemistry+by+Philip+G.+Harrison+which+appeared+in+theEncyclopedia+of+Inorganic+Chemistry%2C+First+Edition&rft.btitle=Lead%3A+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F0470862106.ia118&rft.isbn=978-0470860786&rft.aulast=Bharara&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rft.au=Atwood%2C+D.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBiselBisel2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sara_C._Bisel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sara C. Bisel (laman tidak wujud)">Bisel, S. C.</a>; Bisel, J. F. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&id=3xfjyTqqR7IC">"Health and nutrition at Herculaneum"</a>. Dalam Jashemski, W. F.; Meyer, F. G. (penyunting). The Natural History of Pompeii. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. m/s. 451–75. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-80054-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-80054-9"><bdi>978-0-521-80054-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Health+and+nutrition+at+Herculaneum&rft.btitle=The+Natural+History+of+Pompeii&rft.pages=451-75&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80054-9&rft.aulast=Bisel&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rft.au=Bisel%2C+J.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fredir_esc%3Dy%26id%3D3xfjyTqqR7IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBissonVogel2000" class="citation book cs1">Bisson, M. 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(2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=oMgkHFiBTMEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ancient+african+metallurgy#v=onepage&q=lead&f=false">Ancient African Metallurgy: The Sociocultural Context</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowman_%26_Littlefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowman & Littlefield (laman tidak wujud)">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7425-0261-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7425-0261-1"><bdi>978-0-7425-0261-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+African+Metallurgy%3A+The+Sociocultural+Context&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-0261-1&rft.aulast=Bisson&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rft.au=Vogel%2C+J.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DoMgkHFiBTMEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dancient%2Bafrican%2Bmetallurgy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dlead%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBlakemore1985" class="citation book cs1">Blakemore, J. S. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yLwIYiWo0VYC">Solid State Physics</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-31391-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-521-31391-9"><bdi>978-0-521-31391-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solid+State+Physics&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-521-31391-9&rft.aulast=Blakemore&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyLwIYiWo0VYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBurleson2001" class="citation book cs1">Burleson, M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PiJEAhMxLQgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Ceramic Glaze Handbook: Materials, Techniques, Formulas</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterling_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterling Publishing (laman tidak wujud)">Sterling</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781579904395" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781579904395"><bdi>9781579904395</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ceramic+Glaze+Handbook%3A+Materials%2C+Techniques%2C+Formulas&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781579904395&rft.aulast=Burleson&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPiJEAhMxLQgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBremner2002" class="citation book cs1">Bremner, H. A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKkAgAAQBAJ">Safety and Quality Issues in Fish Processing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-85573-678-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-85573-678-8"><bdi>978-1-85573-678-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Safety+and+Quality+Issues+in+Fish+Processing&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85573-678-8&rft.aulast=Bremner&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7pKkAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrenner2003" class="citation book cs1">Brenner, G. A. (2003). Webster's New World American Idioms Handbook. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7645-2477-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7645-2477-6"><bdi>978-0-7645-2477-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+New+World+American+Idioms+Handbook&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7645-2477-6&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=G.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrescia2012" class="citation book cs1">Brescia, F. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fjqeMl-xSg4C&pg=PA234">Fundamentals of Chemistry: A Modern Introduction</a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-323-14231-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-323-14231-1"><bdi>978-0-323-14231-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Chemistry%3A+A+Modern+Introduction&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-323-14231-1&rft.aulast=Brescia&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfjqeMl-xSg4C%26pg%3DPA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBretherick2016" class="citation book cs1">Bretherick, L. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4_PJCgAAQBAJ">Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards</a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4831-6250-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4831-6250-8"><bdi>978-1-4831-6250-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bretherick%27s+Handbook+of+Reactive+Chemical+Hazards&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4831-6250-8&rft.aulast=Bretherick&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4_PJCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBunkerCasey2016" class="citation book cs1">Bunker, B. C.; Casey, W. H. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BfhGCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89">The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-938425-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-938425-9"><bdi>978-0-19-938425-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aqueous+Chemistry+of+Oxides&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-938425-9&rft.aulast=Bunker&rft.aufirst=B.+C.&rft.au=Casey%2C+W.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBfhGCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBurbidgeBurbidgeFowlerHoyle1957" class="citation journal cs1">Burbidge, E. M.; Burbidge, G. R.; Fowler, W. A.; dll. (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmf.unizg.hr/_download/repository/burbidge_RMP_29_547_1957.pdf">"Synthesis of the Elements in Stars"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reviews_of_Modern_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reviews of Modern Physics (laman tidak wujud)">Reviews of Modern Physics</a>. 29 (4): 547–654. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1957RvMP...29..547B">1957RvMP...29..547B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.29.547">10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+Modern+Physics&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+the+Elements+in+Stars&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=547-654&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.29.547&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1957RvMP...29..547B&rft.aulast=Burbidge&rft.aufirst=E.+M.&rft.au=Burbidge%2C+G.+R.&rft.au=Fowler%2C+W.+A.&rft.au=Hoyle%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmf.unizg.hr%2F_download%2Frepository%2Fburbidge_RMP_29_547_1957.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCalifornia_Department_of_Fish_and_Wildlife" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Department_of_Fish_and_Wildlife&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Department of Fish and Wildlife (laman tidak wujud)">California Department of Fish and Wildlife</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/hunting/nonlead-ammunition">"Nonlead Ammunition in California"</a>. www.wildlife.ca.gov. Dicapai pada 17 Mei 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wildlife.ca.gov&rft.atitle=Nonlead+Ammunition+in+California&rft.au=California+Department+of+Fish+and+Wildlife&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildlife.ca.gov%2Fhunting%2Fnonlead-ammunition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFde_Callataÿ2005" class="citation journal cs1">de Callataÿ, F. (2005). "The Graeco-Roman economy in the super long-run: Lead, copper, and shipwrecks". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Roman_Archaeology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Roman Archaeology (laman tidak wujud)">Journal of Roman Archaeology</a>. 18: 361–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS104775940000742X">10.1017/S104775940000742X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Roman+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Graeco-Roman+economy+in+the+super+long-run%3A+Lead%2C+copper%2C+and+shipwrecks&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=361-72&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS104775940000742X&rft.aulast=de+Callata%C3%BF&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCama2017" class="citation news cs1">Cama, T. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/322058-interior-secretary-repeals-ban-on-lead-ammunition">"Interior secretary repeals ban on lead bullets"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hill_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Hill (newspaper) (laman tidak wujud)">The Hill</a>. Dicapai pada 30 Mei 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Interior+secretary+repeals+ban+on+lead+bullets&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Cama&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fenergy-environment%2F322058-interior-secretary-repeals-ban-on-lead-ammunition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCangelosiPecoraro2015" class="citation book cs1">Cangelosi, V. M.; Pecoraro, V. L. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kGsoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA875">"Lead"</a>. Dalam Roduner, E. (penyunting). Nanoscopic Materials: Size-Dependent Phenomena and Growth Principles. Royal Society of Chemistry. m/s. 843–875. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-78262-494-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-78262-494-3"><bdi>978-1-78262-494-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lead&rft.btitle=Nanoscopic+Materials%3A+Size-Dependent+Phenomena+and+Growth+Principles&rft.pages=843-875&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78262-494-3&rft.aulast=Cangelosi&rft.aufirst=V.+M.&rft.au=Pecoraro%2C+V.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkGsoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCasciani2014" class="citation news cs1">Casciani, D. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-27067615">"Did removing lead from petrol spark a decline in crime?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Dicapai pada 30 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Did+removing+lead+from+petrol+spark+a+decline+in+crime%3F&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Casciani&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-27067615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCeccarelli2013" class="citation book cs1">Ceccarelli, P. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vm5BAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35">Ancient Greek Letter Writing: A Cultural History (600 BC- 150 BC)</a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-967559-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-967559-3"><bdi>978-0-19-967559-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Greek+Letter+Writing%3A+A+Cultural+History+%28600+BC-+150+BC%29&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-967559-3&rft.aulast=Ceccarelli&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVm5BAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCenters_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (laman tidak wujud)">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (1997). "Update: blood lead levels--United States, 1991-1994". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morbidity_and_Mortality_Weekly_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (laman tidak wujud)">Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</a>. 46 (7): 141–146. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0149-2195">0149-2195</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9072671">9072671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.atitle=Update%3A+blood+lead+levels--United+States%2C+1991-1994&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=141-146&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9072671&rft.issn=0149-2195&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCenters_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention2015" class="citation web cs1">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/smoking.htm">"Radiation and Your Health"</a>. Dicapai pada 28 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radiation+and+Your+Health&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnceh%2Fradiation%2Fsmoking.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFChristensen2002" class="citation book cs1">Christensen, N. E. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9tO_9Tf6dZgC">"Relativistic Solid State Theory"</a>. Dalam Schwerdtfeger, P. (penyunting). Relativistic Electronic Structure Theory — Fundamentals. Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. 11. Elsevier. m/s. 867–68. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs1380-7323%2802%2980041-3">10.1016/s1380-7323(02)80041-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-054046-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-08-054046-7"><bdi>978-0-08-054046-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Relativistic+Solid+State+Theory&rft.btitle=Relativistic+Electronic+Structure+Theory+%E2%80%94+Fundamentals&rft.series=Theoretical+and+Computational+Chemistry&rft.pages=867-68&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs1380-7323%2802%2980041-3&rft.isbn=978-0-08-054046-7&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=N.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9tO_9Tf6dZgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCohenTrotzkyPincus1981" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, A. R.; Trotzky, M. S.; Pincus, D. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/67/6/904.abstract">"Reassessment of the Microcytic Anemia of Lead Poisoning"</a>. Pediatrics. 67 (6): 904–906. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7232054">7232054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Reassessment+of+the+Microcytic+Anemia+of+Lead+Poisoning&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=904-906&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7232054&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=A.+R.&rft.au=Trotzky%2C+M.+S.&rft.au=Pincus%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpediatrics.aappublications.org%2Fcontent%2F67%2F6%2F904.abstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCommittee_on_Evaluation_of_EPA_Guidelines_for_Exposure_to_Naturally_Occurring_Radioactive_MaterialsCommission_on_Life_SciencesDivision_on_Earth_and_Life_StudiesNational_Research_Council1999" class="citation book cs1">Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials; Commission on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Research Council (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8uhuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26">Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials</a>. National Academies Press. m/s. 26, 30–32. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-309-58070-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-309-58070-0"><bdi>978-0-309-58070-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evaluation+of+Guidelines+for+Exposures+to+Technologically+Enhanced+Naturally+Occurring+Radioactive+Materials&rft.pages=26%2C+30-32&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-309-58070-0&rft.au=Committee+on+Evaluation+of+EPA+Guidelines+for+Exposure+to+Naturally+Occurring+Radioactive+Materials&rft.au=Commission+on+Life+Sciences&rft.au=Division+on+Earth+and+Life+Studies&rft.au=National+Research+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8uhuAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFConsidineConsidine2013" class="citation book cs1">Considine, D. M.; Considine, G. D. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t4jjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2970">Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4757-6918-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4757-6918-0"><bdi>978-1-4757-6918-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Van+Nostrand%27s+Scientific+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4757-6918-0&rft.aulast=Considine&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rft.au=Considine%2C+G.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt4jjBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCopper_Development_Association" class="citation web cs1">Copper Development Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.copper.org/resources/properties/microstructure/cu_leaded.html">"Leaded Coppers"</a>. copper.org. Dicapai pada 10 Juli 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=copper.org&rft.atitle=Leaded+Coppers&rft.au=Copper+Development+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.copper.org%2Fresources%2Fproperties%2Fmicrostructure%2Fcu_leaded.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCotnoir2006" class="citation book cs1">Cotnoir, B. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BPWDrnEJ7UsC&printsec=frontcover">The Weiser Concise Guide to Alchemy</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Wheel/Weiser/Conari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Wheel/Weiser/Conari (laman tidak wujud)">Weiser Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-57863-379-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-57863-379-1"><bdi>978-1-57863-379-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Weiser+Concise+Guide+to+Alchemy&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57863-379-1&rft.aulast=Cotnoir&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBPWDrnEJ7UsC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCox1997" class="citation book cs1">Cox, P. A. (1997). The Elements: Their Origin, Abundance and Distribution. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-855298-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-855298-7"><bdi>978-0-19-855298-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements%3A+Their+Origin%2C+Abundance+and+Distribution&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-855298-7&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=P.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCrow2007" class="citation news cs1">Crow, J. M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/why-use-lead-in-paint/1015354.article">"Why use lead in paint?"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemistry_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemistry World (laman tidak wujud)">Chemistry World</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a>. Dicapai pada 22 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+World&rft.atitle=Why+use+lead+in+paint%3F&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemistryworld.com%2Fnews%2Fwhy-use-lead-in-paint%2F1015354.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDartHurlbutBoyer-Hassen2004" class="citation book cs1">Dart, R. C.; Hurlbut, K. M.; Boyer-Hassen, L. V. (2004). "Lead". Dalam Dart, R. C. (penyunting). Medical Toxicology (ed. 3). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lippincott_Williams_%26_Wilkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (laman tidak wujud)">Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</a>. m/s. 1426. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7817-2845-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7817-2845-4"><bdi>978-0-7817-2845-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lead&rft.btitle=Medical+Toxicology&rft.pages=1426&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7817-2845-4&rft.aulast=Dart&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft.au=Hurlbut%2C+K.+M.&rft.au=Boyer-Hassen%2C+L.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonRymanSutherlandMilner2014" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, A.; Ryman, J.; Sutherland, C. A.; dll. (2014). "Lead". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a15_193.pub3">10.1002/14356007.a15_193.pub3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-527-30673-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-527-30673-2"><bdi>978-3-527-30673-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lead&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a15_193.pub3&rft.isbn=978-3-527-30673-2&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Ryman%2C+J.&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+C.+A.&rft.au=Milner%2C+E.+F.&rft.au=Kerby%2C+R.+C.&rft.au=Teindl%2C+H.&rft.au=Melin%2C+A.&rft.au=Bolt%2C+H.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDelileBlichert-ToftGoiranKeay2014" class="citation journal cs1">Delile, H.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Goiran, J.-P.; dll. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/111/18/6594">"Lead in ancient Rome's city waters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a>. 111 (18): 6594–99. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PNAS..111.6594D">2014PNAS..111.6594D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1400097111">10.1073/pnas.1400097111</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4020092">4020092</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24753588">24753588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Lead+in+ancient+Rome%27s+city+waters&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=6594-99&rft.date=2014&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4020092%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014PNAS..111.6594D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24753588&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1400097111&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.aulast=Delile&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Blichert-Toft%2C+J.&rft.au=Goiran%2C+J.-P.&rft.au=Keay%2C+Simon&rft.au=Albarede%2C+Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2F111%2F18%2F6594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDeltaresNetherlands_Organisation_for_Applied_Scientific_Research2016" class="citation report cs1">Deltares; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netherlands_Organisation_for_Applied_Scientific_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (laman tidak wujud)">Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emissieregistratie.nl/ERPUBLIEK/documenten/Water/Factsheets/Nederlands/Lood-%20en%20zinkemissies%20door%20jacht.pdf">Lood en zinkemissies door jacht</a> [Emisi timbal dan seng dari berburu] (PDF) (Laporan) (dalam bahasa Belanda). Dicapai pada 18 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Lood+en+zinkemissies+door+jacht&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Deltares&rft.au=Netherlands+Organisation+for+Applied+Scientific+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emissieregistratie.nl%2FERPUBLIEK%2Fdocumenten%2FWater%2FFactsheets%2FNederlands%2FLood-%2520en%2520zinkemissies%2520door%2520jacht.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDieterWatson2009" class="citation book cs1">Dieter, R. K.; Watson, R. T. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=263AXB0Q6tAC">"Transmetalation reactions producing organocopper compounds"</a>. Dalam Rappoport, Z.; Marek, I. (penyunting). The Chemistry of Organocopper Compounds. 1. John Wiley & Sons. m/s. 443–526. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-77296-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-470-77296-6"><bdi>978-0-470-77296-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Transmetalation+reactions+producing+organocopper+compounds&rft.btitle=The+Chemistry+of+Organocopper+Compounds&rft.pages=443-526&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-470-77296-6&rft.aulast=Dieter&rft.aufirst=R.+K.&rft.au=Watson%2C+R.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D263AXB0Q6tAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDonnelly2014" class="citation book cs1">Donnelly, J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKtbAwAAQBAJ">Deep Blue</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group" title="Hachette Book Group">Hachette Children's Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4449-2119-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4449-2119-9"><bdi>978-1-4449-2119-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deep+Blue&rft.pub=Hachette+Children%27s+Group&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4449-2119-9&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKtbAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDownsAdams2017" class="citation book cs1">Downs, A. J.; Adams, C. J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jQNPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1128">The Chemistry of Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine: Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry</a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4831-5832-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4831-5832-7"><bdi>978-1-4831-5832-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chemistry+of+Chlorine%2C+Bromine%2C+Iodine+and+Astatine%3A+Pergamon+Texts+in+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4831-5832-7&rft.aulast=Downs&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.au=Adams%2C+C.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjQNPDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDuda1996" class="citation book cs1">Duda, M. B. (1996). Traditional Chinese Toggles: Counterweights and Charms. Editions Didier Millet. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-981-4260-61-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-981-4260-61-9"><bdi>978-981-4260-61-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Chinese+Toggles%3A+Counterweights+and+Charms&rft.pub=Editions+Didier+Millet&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-981-4260-61-9&rft.aulast=Duda&rft.aufirst=M.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEdeCormack2016" class="citation book cs1">Ede, A.; Cormack, L. B. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gFZrDQAAQBAJ">A History of Science in Society, Volume I: From the Ancient Greeks to the Scientific Revolution, Third Edition</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Toronto_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Toronto Press (laman tidak wujud)">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4426-3503-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4426-3503-6"><bdi>978-1-4426-3503-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Science+in+Society%2C+Volume+I%3A+From+the+Ancient+Greeks+to+the+Scientific+Revolution%2C+Third+Edition&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-3503-6&rft.aulast=Ede&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Cormack%2C+L.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgFZrDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEmsley2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Emsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Emsley (laman tidak wujud)">Emsley, J.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4">Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-960563-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-960563-7"><bdi>978-0-19-960563-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-960563-7&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFOssuaries_and_Sarcophagi" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ossuaries-and-sarcophagi">"Encyclopedia Judaica: Ossuaries and Sarcophagi"</a>. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Dicapai pada 14 Juli 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Judaica%3A+Ossuaries+and+Sarcophagi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fossuaries-and-sarcophagi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEschnauerStoeppler1992" class="citation book cs1">Eschnauer, H. R.; Stoeppler, M. (1992). "Wine—An enological specimen bank". Dalam Stoeppler, M. (penyunting). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hazardousmetalse00stoe">Hazardous Materials in the Environment</a>. Elsevier Science. m/s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hazardousmetalse00stoe/page/49">49</a>–72 (58). <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0167-9244%2808%2970103-3">10.1016/s0167-9244(08)70103-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-444-89078-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-444-89078-8"><bdi>978-0-444-89078-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wine%E2%80%94An+enological+specimen+bank&rft.btitle=Hazardous+Materials+in+the+Environment&rft.pages=49-72+%2858%29&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0167-9244%2808%2970103-3&rft.isbn=978-0-444-89078-8&rft.aulast=Eschnauer&rft.aufirst=H.+R.&rft.au=Stoeppler%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhazardousmetalse00stoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1908" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_William_Evans_(geologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John William Evans (geologist) (laman tidak wujud)">Evans, J. W.</a> (1908). "V.— The meanings and synonyms of plumbago". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transactions_of_the_Philological_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transactions of the Philological Society (laman tidak wujud)">Transactions of the Philological Society</a>. 26 (2): 133–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-968X.1908.tb00513.x">10.1111/j.1467-968X.1908.tb00513.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Philological+Society&rft.atitle=V.%E2%80%94+The+meanings+and+synonyms+of+plumbago&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133-79&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-968X.1908.tb00513.x&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFinger2006" class="citation book cs1">Finger, S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DOzaAAAAMAAJ">Doctor Franklin's Medicine</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pennsylvania_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Pennsylvania Press (laman tidak wujud)">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8122-3913-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8122-3913-3"><bdi>978-0-8122-3913-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doctor+Franklin%27s+Medicine&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-3913-3&rft.aulast=Finger&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDOzaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFiorini2010" class="citation journal cs1">Fiorini, E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426184739/http://www.aspera-eu.org/images/stories/news/PAPER_VERSIONS/asperanewsletter0610.pdf">"2.000 years-old Roman Lead for physics"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspera_European_Astroparticle_network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspera European Astroparticle network (laman tidak wujud)">ASPERA</a>: 7–8. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aspera-eu.org/images/stories/news/PAPER_VERSIONS/asperanewsletter0610.pdf">yang asal</a> (PDF) pada 2018-04-26. Dicapai pada 29 Oktober 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=2.000+years-old+Roman+Lead+for+physics&rft.pages=7-8&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Fiorini&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspera-eu.org%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fnews%2FPAPER_VERSIONS%2Fasperanewsletter0610.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFrankenburg2014" class="citation book cs1">Frankenburg, F. R. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9cqUAwAAQBAJ">Brain-Robbers: How Alcohol, Cocaine, Nicotine, and Opiates Have Changed Human History</a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4408-2932-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4408-2932-1"><bdi>978-1-4408-2932-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brain-Robbers%3A+How+Alcohol%2C+Cocaine%2C+Nicotine%2C+and+Opiates+Have+Changed+Human+History&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-2932-1&rft.aulast=Frankenburg&rft.aufirst=F.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9cqUAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFrebel2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Frebel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Frebel (laman tidak wujud)">Frebel, A.</a> (2015). Searching for the Oldest Stars: Ancient Relics from the Early Universe. Princeton University. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-16506-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-691-16506-6"><bdi>978-0-691-16506-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Searching+for+the+Oldest+Stars%3A+Ancient+Relics+from+the+Early+Universe&rft.pub=Princeton+University&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-691-16506-6&rft.aulast=Frebel&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2012" class="citation journal cs1">Freeman, K. S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3261960">"Remediating soil lead with fishbones"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Health_Perspectives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Health Perspectives (laman tidak wujud)">Environmental Health Perspectives</a>. 120 (1): a20–a21. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1289%2Fehp.120-a20a">10.1289/ehp.120-a20a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3261960">3261960</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214821">22214821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Remediating+soil+lead+with+fishbones&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=a20-a21&rft.date=2012&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3261960%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22214821&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.120-a20a&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3261960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFunke2013" class="citation journal cs1">Funke, K. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5090311">"Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_and_Technology_of_Advanced_Materials&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (laman tidak wujud)">Science and Technology of Advanced Materials</a>. 14 (4): 1–50. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013STAdM..14d3502F">2013STAdM..14d3502F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1468-6996%2F14%2F4%2F043502">10.1088/1468-6996/14/4/043502</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5090311">5090311</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27877585">27877585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+and+Technology+of+Advanced+Materials&rft.atitle=Solid+State+Ionics%3A+from+Michael+Faraday+to+green+energy%E2%80%94the+European+dimension&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1-50&rft.date=2013&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5090311%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27877585&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1468-6996%2F14%2F4%2F043502&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013STAdM..14d3502F&rft.aulast=Funke&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5090311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGaleTotemeier2003" class="citation book cs1">Gale, W. F.; Totemeier, T. C. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zweHvqOdcs0C">Smithells Metals Reference Book</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butterworth-Heinemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butterworth-Heinemann (laman tidak wujud)">Butterworth-Heinemann</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-048096-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-08-048096-1"><bdi>978-0-08-048096-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smithells+Metals+Reference+Book&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-08-048096-1&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=W.+F.&rft.au=Totemeier%2C+T.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzweHvqOdcs0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGilfillan1965" class="citation journal cs1">Gilfillan, S. C. (1965). "Lead poisoning and the fall of Rome". Journal of Occupational Medicine. 7 (2): 53–60. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0096-1736">0096-1736</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14261844">14261844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+Medicine&rft.atitle=Lead+poisoning+and+the+fall+of+Rome&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=53-60&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14261844&rft.issn=0096-1736&rft.aulast=Gilfillan&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGillLibraries_Board_of_South_Australia1974" class="citation book cs1">Gill, T.; Libraries Board of South Australia (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oSMQAAAAYAAJ">The history and topography of Glen Osmond, with map and illustrations</a>. Libraries Board of South Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+and+topography+of+Glen+Osmond%2C+with+map+and+illustrations&rft.pub=Libraries+Board+of+South+Australia&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Libraries+Board+of+South+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoSMQAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGottessfeld2016" class="citation report cs1">Gottessfeld, Perry (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/13943/1_ECOWAS%20lead%20background%202016.pdf">The Environmental And Health Impacts Of Lead Battery Recycling</a> (PDF) (Laporan). Occupational Knowledge International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Environmental+And+Health+Impacts+Of+Lead+Battery+Recycling&rft.pub=Occupational+Knowledge+International&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Gottessfeld&rft.aufirst=Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwedocs.unep.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F20.500.11822%2F13943%2F1_ECOWAS%2520lead%2520background%25202016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGraedel2010" class="citation report cs1">Graedel, T. E.; dll. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/DTIx1264xPA-Metal%20stocks%20in%20society.pdf">Metal stocks in Society – Scientific Synthesis</a> (PDF) (Laporan). International Resource Panel. m/s. 17. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-92-807-3082-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-92-807-3082-1"><bdi>978-92-807-3082-1</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 18 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Metal+stocks+in+Society+%E2%80%93+Scientific+Synthesis&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=International+Resource+Panel&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-92-807-3082-1&rft.aulast=Graedel&rft.aufirst=T.+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unep.fr%2Fshared%2Fpublications%2Fpdf%2FDTIx1264xPA-Metal%2520stocks%2520in%2520society.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|author2=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#explicit_et_al" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGrandjean1978" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Grandjean_(professor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Grandjean (professor) (laman tidak wujud)">Grandjean, P.</a> (1978). "Widening perspectives of lead toxicity". Environmental Research. 17 (2): 303–21. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978ER.....17..303G">1978ER.....17..303G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0013-9351%2878%2990033-6">10.1016/0013-9351(78)90033-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/400972">400972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Widening+perspectives+of+lead+toxicity&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=303-21&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F400972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0013-9351%2878%2990033-6&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978ER.....17..303G&rft.aulast=Grandjean&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Greenwood" title="Norman Greenwood">Greenwood, N. N.</a>; Earnshaw, A. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=EvTI-ouH3SsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=chemistry+of+the+elements#v=onepage&q=chemistry%20of%20the%20elements&f=false">Chemistry of the Elements</a> (ed. 2). Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7506-3365-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7506-3365-9"><bdi>978-0-7506-3365-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-3365-9&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=N.+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DEvTI-ouH3SsC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dchemistry%2Bof%2Bthe%2Belements%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dchemistry%2520of%2520the%2520elements%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGrout2017" class="citation web cs1">Grout, J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/wine/leadpoisoning.html">"Lead poisoning and Rome"</a>. Encyclopaedia Romana. Dicapai pada 15 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Romana&rft.atitle=Lead+poisoning+and+Rome&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Grout&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2F~grout%2Fencyclopaedia_romana%2Fwine%2Fleadpoisoning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGuberman2016" class="citation report cs1">Guberman, D. E. (2016). "Lead". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lead/myb1-2014-lead.pdf">2014 Minerals Yearbook</a> (PDF) (Laporan). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. Dicapai pada 8 Mei 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=2014+Minerals+Yearbook&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Guberman&rft.aufirst=D.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Flead%2Fmyb1-2014-lead.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGulbinska2014" class="citation book cs1">Gulbinska, M. K. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDRxBAAAQBAJ">Lithium-ion Battery Materials and Engineering: Current Topics and Problems from the Manufacturing Perspective</a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. m/s. 96. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4471-6548-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4471-6548-4"><bdi>978-1-4471-6548-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lithium-ion+Battery+Materials+and+Engineering%3A+Current+Topics+and+Problems+from+the+Manufacturing+Perspective&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4471-6548-4&rft.aulast=Gulbinska&rft.aufirst=M.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZDRxBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGuruswamy2000" class="citation book cs1">Guruswamy, S. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=TtGmjOv9CUAC">Engineering properties and applications of lead alloys</a>. Marcel Dekker. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8247-8247-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8247-8247-4"><bdi>978-0-8247-8247-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engineering+properties+and+applications+of+lead+alloys&rft.pub=Marcel+Dekker&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-8247-4&rft.aulast=Guruswamy&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DTtGmjOv9CUAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHadlington2017" class="citation book cs1">Hadlington, T. J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KQshDgAAQBAJ">On the Catalytic Efficacy of Low-Oxidation State Group 14 Complexes</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-319-51807-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-319-51807-7"><bdi>978-3-319-51807-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Catalytic+Efficacy+of+Low-Oxidation+State+Group+14+Complexes&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-51807-7&rft.aulast=Hadlington&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKQshDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHarbisonBourgeoisJohnson2015" class="citation book cs1">Harbison, R. D.; Bourgeois, M. M.; Johnson, G. T. (2015). Hamilton and Hardy's Industrial Toxicology. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-92973-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-470-92973-5"><bdi>978-0-470-92973-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamilton+and+Hardy%27s+Industrial+Toxicology&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-470-92973-5&rft.aulast=Harbison&rft.aufirst=R.+D.&rft.au=Bourgeois%2C+M.+M.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+G.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHauser2017" class="citation book cs1">Hauser, P. C. (2017). 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"Vitruvius, lead pipes and lead poisoning". <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Journal_of_Archaeology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Journal of Archaeology (laman tidak wujud)">American Journal of Archaeology</a>. 85 (4): 486–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F504874">10.2307/504874</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/504874">504874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Vitruvius%2C+lead+pipes+and+lead+poisoning&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=486-91&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F504874&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F504874%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=T.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHongCandelonePattersonBoutron1994" class="citation journal cs1">Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; dll. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.precaution.org/lib/greenland_ice_evidence_of_ancient_lead_pollution.19940923.pdf">"Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science (journal)">Science</a>. 265 (5180): 1841–43. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994Sci...265.1841H">1994Sci...265.1841H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.265.5180.1841">10.1126/science.265.5180.1841</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17797222">17797222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Greenland+ice+evidence+of+hemispheric+lead+pollution+two+millennia+ago+by+Greek+and+Roman+civilizations&rft.volume=265&rft.issue=5180&rft.pages=1841-43&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17797222&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.265.5180.1841&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994Sci...265.1841H&rft.aulast=Hong&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Candelone%2C+J.-P.&rft.au=Patterson%2C+C.+C.&rft.au=Boutron%2C+C.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.precaution.org%2Flib%2Fgreenland_ice_evidence_of_ancient_lead_pollution.19940923.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2014" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lRAwAAQBAJ">Dictionary of Chemistry</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-135-94178-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-135-94178-9"><bdi>978-1-135-94178-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Chemistry&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-135-94178-9&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP_lRAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFIAEA_-_Nuclear_Data_Section2017" class="citation web cs1">IAEA - Nuclear Data Section (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html">"Livechart - Table of Nuclides - Nuclear structure and decay data"</a>. www-nds.iaea.org. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Atomic_Energy_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Atomic Energy Agency (laman tidak wujud)">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>. Dicapai pada 31 Maret 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www-nds.iaea.org&rft.atitle=Livechart+-+Table+of+Nuclides+-+Nuclear+structure+and+decay+data&rft.date=2017&rft.au=IAEA+-+Nuclear+Data+Section&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-nds.iaea.org%2Frelnsd%2Fvcharthtml%2FVChartHTML.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFInsight_ExplorerIPEN2016" class="citation report cs1">Insight Explorer; IPEN (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/PR_New_Study_Finds_Lead_Levels_in_a_Majority_of_Paints_Exceed_Chinese_Regulation_and_Should_Not_be_on_Store_Shelves_EN_27_Jan._2016.pdf">New Study Finds Lead Levels in a Majority of Paints Exceed Chinese Regulation and Should Not be on Store Shelves</a> (PDF) (Laporan). 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Dicapai pada 26 Desember 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Timbal+dalam+Cat+Enamel+Rumah+Tangga+di+Indonesia&rft.pub=BaliFokus+%26+IPEN&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Ismawati&rft.aufirst=Yuyun&rft.au=Primanti%2C+Andita&rft.au=Brosch%C3%A9%2C+Sara&rft.au=Clark%2C+Clark&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+Jack&rft.au=Denney%2C+Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipen.org%2Fpdfs%2Fina_bf_final_report_rev_2_2013_08-v2-id.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2013" class="citation book cs1">Jensen, C. F. (2013). Online Location of Faults on AC Cables in Underground Transmission. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-319-05397-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-319-05397-4"><bdi>978-3-319-05397-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Online+Location+of+Faults+on+AC+Cables+in+Underground+Transmission&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-319-05397-4&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=C.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJones2014" class="citation book cs1">Jones, P. A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rfqzBAAAQBAJ">Jedburgh Justice and Kentish Fire: The Origins of English in Ten Phrases and Expressions</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constable_%26_Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constable & Robinson (laman tidak wujud)">Constable</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-47211-389-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-47211-389-4"><bdi>978-1-47211-389-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jedburgh+Justice+and+Kentish+Fire%3A+The+Origins+of+English+in+Ten+Phrases+and+Expressions&rft.pub=Constable&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-47211-389-4&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=P.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrfqzBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Cite_KBBI_daring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Cite KBBI daring (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Cite KBBI daring</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKaupp2014" class="citation book cs1">Kaupp, M. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/3527333150_c01.pdf">"Chemical bonding of main-group elements"</a> (PDF). Dalam Frenking, G.; Shaik, S. (penyunting). The Chemical Bond: Chemical Bonding Across the Periodic Table. John Wiley & Sons. m/s. 1–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9783527664658.ch1">10.1002/9783527664658.ch1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9783527664658" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9783527664658"><bdi>9783527664658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chemical+bonding+of+main-group+elements&rft.btitle=The+Chemical+Bond%3A+Chemical+Bonding+Across+the+Periodic+Table&rft.pages=1-24&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9783527664658.ch1&rft.isbn=9783527664658&rft.aulast=Kaupp&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapplication.wiley-vch.de%2Fbooks%2Fsample%2F3527333150_c01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKellett2012" class="citation book cs1">Kellett, C. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wa0hBgAAQBAJ">Poison and Poisoning: A Compendium of Cases, Catastrophes and Crimes</a>. Accent Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-909335-05-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-909335-05-9"><bdi>978-1-909335-05-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poison+and+Poisoning%3A+A+Compendium+of+Cases%2C+Catastrophes+and+Crimes&rft.pub=Accent+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-909335-05-9&rft.aulast=Kellett&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWa0hBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKing1995" class="citation book cs1">King, R. B. (1995). Inorganic Chemistry of Main Group Elements. <a href="/w/index.php?title=VCH_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VCH Publishers (laman tidak wujud)">VCH Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-56081-679-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-56081-679-9"><bdi>978-1-56081-679-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry+of+Main+Group+Elements&rft.pub=VCH+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-56081-679-9&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=R.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKonuChivers2011" class="citation book cs1">Konu, J.; Chivers, T. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WuwW8QDuCKIC">"Stable Radicals of the Heavy p-Block Elements"</a>. Dalam Hicks, R. G. (penyunting). Stable Radicals: Fundamentals and Applied Aspects of Odd-Electron Compounds. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470666975.ch10">10.1002/9780470666975.ch10</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-77083-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-470-77083-2"><bdi>978-0-470-77083-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stable+Radicals+of+the+Heavy+p-Block+Elements&rft.btitle=Stable+Radicals%3A+Fundamentals+and+Applied+Aspects+of+Odd-Electron+Compounds&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470666975.ch10&rft.isbn=978-0-470-77083-2&rft.aulast=Konu&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Chivers%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWuwW8QDuCKIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKosnett2006" class="citation book cs1">Kosnett, M. J. (2006). "Lead". Dalam Olson, K. R. (penyunting). Poisoning and Drug Overdose (ed. 5). <a href="/w/index.php?title=McGraw-Hill_Professional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McGraw-Hill Professional (laman tidak wujud)">McGraw-Hill Professional</a>. m/s. 238. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-07-144333-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-07-144333-3"><bdi>978-0-07-144333-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lead&rft.btitle=Poisoning+and+Drug+Overdose&rft.pages=238&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Professional&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-07-144333-3&rft.aulast=Kosnett&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKrestovnikoffHalls2006" class="citation book cs1">Krestovnikoff, M.; Halls, M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6KXAAVOx4VwC">Scuba Diving</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7566-4063-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7566-4063-7"><bdi>978-0-7566-4063-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scuba+Diving&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-4063-7&rft.aulast=Krestovnikoff&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Halls%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6KXAAVOx4VwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKroonen2013" class="citation book cs1">Kroonen, G. (2013). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series. 11. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-18340-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-90-04-18340-7"><bdi>978-90-04-18340-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Proto-Germanic&rft.series=Leiden+Indo-European+Etymological+Dictionary+Series&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18340-7&rft.aulast=Kroonen&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLangmuirBroecker2012" class="citation book cs1">Langmuir, C. H.; Broecker, W. S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EnlnHlmRsqAC">How to Build a Habitable Planet: The Story of Earth from the Big Bang to Humankind</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-14006-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-691-14006-3"><bdi>978-0-691-14006-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Build+a+Habitable+Planet%3A+The+Story+of+Earth+from+the+Big+Bang+to+Humankind&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14006-3&rft.aulast=Langmuir&rft.aufirst=C.+H.&rft.au=Broecker%2C+W.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEnlnHlmRsqAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLauwerysHoet2001" class="citation book cs1">Lauwerys, R. R.; Hoet, P. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WUxZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT147">Industrial Chemical Exposure: Guidelines for Biological Monitoring, Third Edition</a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4822-9383-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4822-9383-8"><bdi>978-1-4822-9383-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrial+Chemical+Exposure%3A+Guidelines+for+Biological+Monitoring%2C+Third+Edition&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-4822-9383-8&rft.aulast=Lauwerys&rft.aufirst=R.+R.&rft.au=Hoet%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWUxZDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLayton2017" class="citation web cs1">Layton, M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shootinguk.co.uk/news/lead-shot-faces-threat-of-new-euro-ban-93819">"Lead faces threat of new Euro ban"</a>. shootinguk.co.uk. Dicapai pada 30 Mei 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lead+faces+threat+of+new+Euro+ban&rft.pub=shootinguk.co.uk&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Layton&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shootinguk.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flead-shot-faces-threat-of-new-euro-ban-93819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLead_sling_bullet" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=399876&partid=1&output=Terms%2F!!%2FOR%2F!!%2F1204%2F!%2F%2F!%2FClassical+Greek%2F!%2F%2F!!%2F%2F!!!%2F&orig=%2Fresearch%2Fsearch_the_collection_database%2Fadvanced_search.aspx&currentPage=7&numpages=10">"Lead sling bullet; almond shape; a winged thunderbolt on one side and on the other, in high relief, the inscription DEXAI "Catch!""</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_British_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The British Museum (laman tidak wujud)">The British Museum</a>. Dicapai pada 30 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lead+sling+bullet%3B+almond+shape%3B+a+winged+thunderbolt+on+one+side+and+on+the+other%2C+in+high+relief%2C+the+inscription+DEXAI+%22Catch%21%22&rft.pub=The+British+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fsearch_the_collection_database%2Fsearch_object_details.aspx%3Fobjectid%3D399876%26partid%3D1%26output%3DTerms%252F%21%21%252FOR%252F%21%21%252F1204%252F%21%252F%252F%21%252FClassical%2BGreek%252F%21%252F%252F%21%21%252F%252F%21%21%21%252F%26orig%3D%252Fresearch%252Fsearch_the_collection_database%252Fadvanced_search.aspx%26currentPage%3D7%26numpages%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLead_garden_ornaments2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hcrowther.co.uk/">"Lead garden ornaments"</a>. H. Crowther Ltd. 2016. Dicapai pada 20 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H.+Crowther+Ltd&rft.atitle=Lead+garden+ornaments&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hcrowther.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLead_in_Waste2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-regulations">"Lead in Waste Disposal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a>. 2016. Dicapai pada 28 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lead+in+Waste+Disposal&rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Flead%2Flead-regulations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLead_mining" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/history/mining/lead/">"Lead mining"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Northern_Echo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Northern Echo (laman tidak wujud)">The Northern Echo</a>. 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American Journal of Public Health. 90 (1): 36–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2Fajph.90.1.36">10.2105/ajph.90.1.36</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446124">1446124</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10630135">10630135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=%22Cater+to+the+children%22%3A+the+role+of+the+lead+industry+in+a+public+health+tragedy%2C+1900%E2%80%9355&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=36-46&rft.date=2000&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1446124%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10630135&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2Fajph.90.1.36&rft.aulast=Markowitz&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Rosner%2C+D.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1446124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMastersTrevorKatzung2008" class="citation book cs1">Masters, S. 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Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology: Examination & Board Review (ed. 8). <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill_Education" title="McGraw-Hill Education">McGraw-Hill Medical</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-07-148869-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-07-148869-3"><bdi>978-0-07-148869-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Katzung+%26+Trevor%27s+Pharmacology%3A+Examination+%26+Board+Review&rft.edition=8&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Medical&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-148869-3&rft.aulast=Masters&rft.aufirst=S.+B.&rft.au=Trevor%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Katzung%2C+B.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMcCoy2017" class="citation news cs1">McCoy, S. 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McGraw-Hill Professional. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-07-141736-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-07-141736-5"><bdi>978-0-07-141736-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lead&rft.btitle=Pediatric+Toxicology%3A+Diagnosis+and+Management+of+the+Poisoned+Child&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Professional&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-07-141736-5&rft.aulast=Mycyk&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Hryhorczuk%2C+D.&rft.au=Amitai%2C+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|author4=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#explicit_et_al" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNakashimaHayashiTashiroMatsushita1998" class="citation journal cs1">Nakashima, T.; Hayashi, H.; Tashiro, H.; dll. 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Journal of Occupational Health. 40 (1): 55–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1539%2Fjoh.40.55">10.1539/joh.40.55</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+Health&rft.atitle=Gender+and+hierarchical+differences+in+lead-contaminated+Japanese+bone+from+the+Edo+period&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=55-60&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1539%2Fjoh.40.55&rft.aulast=Nakashima&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Hayashi%2C+H.&rft.au=Tashiro%2C+H.&rft.au=Matsushita%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Council_on_Radiation_Protection_and_Measurements2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_on_Radiation_Protection_and_Measurements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (laman tidak wujud)">National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=DKu4YDjEluoC">Structural Shielding Design for Medical X-ray Imaging Facilities</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-929600-83-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-929600-83-3"><bdi>978-0-929600-83-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Structural+Shielding+Design+for+Medical+X-ray+Imaging+Facilities&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-929600-83-3&rft.au=National+Council+on+Radiation+Protection+and+Measurements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DDKu4YDjEluoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" class="citation web cs1">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0368.html">"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards — Lead"</a>. www.cdc.gov. Dicapai pada 18 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards+%E2%80%94+Lead&rft.au=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0368.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNavas-Acien2007" class="citation journal cs1">Navas-Acien, A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1849948">"Lead Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease—A Systematic Review"</a>. Environmental Health Perspectives. 115 (3): 472–482. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1289%2Fehp.9785">10.1289/ehp.9785</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1849948">1849948</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17431501">17431501</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lead+Exposure+and+Cardiovascular+Disease%E2%80%94A+Systematic+Review&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=472-482&rft.date=2007&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1849948%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17431501&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.9785&rft.aulast=Navas-Acien&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1849948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNikolayev2012" class="citation book cs1">Nikolayev, S., penyunting (2012). "*lAudh-". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cpiet&first=1&off=&text_proto=lAudh&method_proto=substring&ic_proto=on&text_meaning=&method_meaning=substring&ic_meaning=on&text_hitt=&method_hitt=substring&ic_hitt=on&text_tokh=&method_tokh=substring&ic_tokh=on&text_ind=&method_ind=substring&ic_ind=on&text_avest=&method_avest=substring&ic_avest=on&text_iran=&method_iran=substring&ic_iran=on&text_arm=&method_arm=substring&ic_arm=on&text_greek=&method_greek=substring&ic_greek=on&text_slav=&method_slav=substring&ic_slav=on&text_balt=&method_balt=substring&ic_balt=on&text_germ=&method_germ=substring&ic_germ=on&text_lat=&method_lat=substring&ic_lat=on&text_ital=&method_ital=substring&ic_ital=on&text_celt=&method_celt=substring&ic_celt=on&text_alb=&method_alb=substring&ic_alb=on&text_rusmean=&method_rusmean=substring&ic_rusmean=on&text_refer=&method_refer=substring&ic_refer=on&text_comment=&method_comment=substring&ic_comment=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=proto&ic_any=on">Indo-European Etymology</a>. starling.rinet.ru. Dicapai pada 21 Agustus 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%2AlAudh-&rft.btitle=Indo-European+Etymology&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarling.rinet.ru%2Fcgi-bin%2Fresponse.cgi%3Froot%3Dconfig%26morpho%3D0%26basename%3D%255Cdata%255Cie%255Cpiet%26first%3D1%26off%3D%26text_proto%3DlAudh%26method_proto%3Dsubstring%26ic_proto%3Don%26text_meaning%3D%26method_meaning%3Dsubstring%26ic_meaning%3Don%26text_hitt%3D%26method_hitt%3Dsubstring%26ic_hitt%3Don%26text_tokh%3D%26method_tokh%3Dsubstring%26ic_tokh%3Don%26text_ind%3D%26method_ind%3Dsubstring%26ic_ind%3Don%26text_avest%3D%26method_avest%3Dsubstring%26ic_avest%3Don%26text_iran%3D%26method_iran%3Dsubstring%26ic_iran%3Don%26text_arm%3D%26method_arm%3Dsubstring%26ic_arm%3Don%26text_greek%3D%26method_greek%3Dsubstring%26ic_greek%3Don%26text_slav%3D%26method_slav%3Dsubstring%26ic_slav%3Don%26text_balt%3D%26method_balt%3Dsubstring%26ic_balt%3Don%26text_germ%3D%26method_germ%3Dsubstring%26ic_germ%3Don%26text_lat%3D%26method_lat%3Dsubstring%26ic_lat%3Don%26text_ital%3D%26method_ital%3Dsubstring%26ic_ital%3Don%26text_celt%3D%26method_celt%3Dsubstring%26ic_celt%3Don%26text_alb%3D%26method_alb%3Dsubstring%26ic_alb%3Don%26text_rusmean%3D%26method_rusmean%3Dsubstring%26ic_rusmean%3Don%26text_refer%3D%26method_refer%3Dsubstring%26ic_refer%3Don%26text_comment%3D%26method_comment%3Dsubstring%26ic_comment%3Don%26text_any%3D%26method_any%3Dsubstring%26sort%3Dproto%26ic_any%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNorman1996" class="citation book cs1">Norman, N. C. (1996). Periodicity and the s- and p-Block Elements. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-855961-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-855961-0"><bdi>978-0-19-855961-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Periodicity+and+the+s-+and+p-Block+Elements&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-855961-0&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=N.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNriagu1983" class="citation journal cs1">Nriagu, J. O. (1983). "Saturnine gout among Roman aristocrats — Did lead poisoning contribute to the fall of the Empire?". <a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">The New England Journal of Medicine</a>. 308 (11): 660–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM198303173081123">10.1056/NEJM198303173081123</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6338384">6338384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Saturnine+gout+among+Roman+aristocrats+%E2%80%94+Did+lead+poisoning+contribute+to+the+fall+of+the+Empire%3F&rft.volume=308&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=660-63&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM198303173081123&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6338384&rft.aulast=Nriagu&rft.aufirst=J.+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFNriaguKim2000" class="citation journal cs1">Nriagu, J. O.; Kim, M-J. (2000). "Emissions of lead and zinc from candles with metal-core wicks". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_of_the_Total_Environment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science of the Total Environment (laman tidak wujud)">Science of the Total Environment</a>. 250 (1–3): 37–41. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ScTEn.250...37N">2000ScTEn.250...37N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2800%2900359-4">10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00359-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10811249">10811249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Emissions+of+lead+and+zinc+from+candles+with+metal-core+wicks&rft.volume=250&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=37-41&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10811249&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0048-9697%2800%2900359-4&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000ScTEn.250...37N&rft.aulast=Nriagu&rft.aufirst=J.+O.&rft.au=Kim%2C+M-J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFOccupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration (laman tidak wujud)">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316131738/https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10031">"Substance data sheet for occupational exposure to lead"</a>. www.osha.gov. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10031">yang asal</a> pada 16 Maret 2018. Dicapai pada 1 Juli 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osha.gov&rft.atitle=Substance+data+sheet+for+occupational+exposure+to+lead&rft.au=Occupational+Safety+and+Health+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osha.gov%2Fpls%2Foshaweb%2Fowadisp.show_document%3Fp_table%3DSTANDARDS%26p_id%3D10031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> dan <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFOlinsky-Paul2013" class="citation web cs1">Olinsky-Paul, T. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cesa.org/assets/Uploads/ESTAP-Ecoult-Battery-Installation-Case-Study-Presentation.pdf">"East Penn and Ecoult battery installation case study webinar"</a> (PDF). Clean Energy States Alliance. Dicapai pada 28 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clean+Energy+States+Alliance&rft.atitle=East+Penn+and+Ecoult+battery+installation+case+study+webinar&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Olinsky-Paul&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cesa.org%2Fassets%2FUploads%2FESTAP-Ecoult-Battery-Installation-Case-Study-Presentation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPalmieri2006" class="citation book cs1">Palmieri, R., penyunting (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=cgDJaeFFUPoC">The Organ</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychology_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychology Press (laman tidak wujud)">Psychology Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-94174-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-415-94174-7"><bdi>978-0-415-94174-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Organ&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94174-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DcgDJaeFFUPoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFOxford_English_Dictionary" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"surma". Oxford English Dictionary (ed. 2). Oxford University Press. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=surma&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFParkBolanMegharaNaidu2011" class="citation journal cs1">Park, J. H.; Bolan, N.; Meghara, M.; dll. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151126050549/http://pedology.ac.affrc.go.jp/specialI/SI54_3/sepPDF/03_Jinhee%20Park.pdf">"Bacterial-assisted immobilization of lead in soils: Implications for remediation"</a> (PDF). Pedologist: 162–74. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pedology.ac.affrc.go.jp/specialI/SI54_3/sepPDF/03_Jinhee%20Park.pdf">yang asal</a> (PDF) pada 26 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pedologist&rft.atitle=Bacterial-assisted+immobilization+of+lead+in+soils%3A+Implications+for+remediation&rft.pages=162-74&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft.au=Bolan%2C+N.&rft.au=Meghara%2C+M.&rft.au=Naidu%2C+R.&rft.au=Chung%2C+J.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpedology.ac.affrc.go.jp%2FspecialI%2FSI54_3%2FsepPDF%2F03_Jinhee%2520Park.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFParker2005" class="citation book cs1">Parker, R. B. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VnoW5YpDN7sC">The New Cold-Molded Boatbuilding: From Lofting to Launching</a>. WoodenBoat Books. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-937822-89-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-937822-89-0"><bdi>978-0-937822-89-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cold-Molded+Boatbuilding%3A+From+Lofting+to+Launching&rft.pub=WoodenBoat+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-937822-89-0&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=R.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVnoW5YpDN7sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFParthé1964" class="citation book cs1">Parthé, E. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bwQgvsxftTgC">Crystal Chemistry of Tetrahedral Structures</a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-677-00700-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-677-00700-7"><bdi>978-0-677-00700-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crystal+Chemistry+of+Tetrahedral+Structures&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0-677-00700-7&rft.aulast=Parth%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbwQgvsxftTgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPauling1947" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling, L.</a> (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalchemistry00paul">General Chemistry</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._H._Freeman_and_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. H. Freeman and Company (laman tidak wujud)">W. H. Freeman and Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-486-65622-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-486-65622-9"><bdi>978-0-486-65622-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Chemistry&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman+and+Company&rft.date=1947&rft.isbn=978-0-486-65622-9&rft.aulast=Pauling&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeneralchemistry00paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPenevaJjuievaTsukeva1981" class="citation journal cs1">Peneva, S. K.; Jjuieva, K. D.; Tsukeva, E. A. (1981). "RHEED study of the initial stages of crystallization and oxidation of lead and tin". Journal of Crystal Growth. 53 (2): 382–396. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981JCrGr..53..382P">1981JCrGr..53..382P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-0248%2881%2990088-9">10.1016/0022-0248(81)90088-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0248">0022-0248</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Crystal+Growth&rft.atitle=RHEED+study+of+the+initial+stages+of+crystallization+and+oxidation+of+lead+and+tin&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=382-396&rft.date=1981&rft.issn=0022-0248&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-0248%2881%2990088-9&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1981JCrGr..53..382P&rft.aulast=Peneva&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rft.au=Jjuieva%2C+K.+D.&rft.au=Tsukeva%2C+E.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPetzelJuutiSugimoto2004" class="citation book cs1">Petzel, S.; Juuti, M.; Sugimoto, Yu. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7FX5LkxfRpwC&pg=PA122">"Environmental Stewardship with Regional Perspectives and Drivers of the Lead-free Issue"</a>. Dalam Puttlitz, K. J.; Stalter, K. A. (penyunting). Handbook of Lead-Free Solder Technology for Microelectronic Assemblies. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8247-5249-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8247-5249-1"><bdi>978-0-8247-5249-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Environmental+Stewardship+with+Regional+Perspectives+and+Drivers+of+the+Lead-free+Issue&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Lead-Free+Solder+Technology+for+Microelectronic+Assemblies&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-5249-1&rft.aulast=Petzel&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Juuti%2C+M.&rft.au=Sugimoto%2C+Yu.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7FX5LkxfRpwC%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPolyanskiy1986" class="citation book cs1">Polyanskiy, N. G. (1986). Fillipova, N. A (penyunting). <bdi lang="ru">Аналитическая химия элементов: Свинец</bdi> [Kimia Analisis Unsur-Unsur: Timbal] (dalam bahasa Rusia). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauka_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauka (publisher) (laman tidak wujud)">Nauka</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86&rft.pub=Nauka&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Polyanskiy&rft.aufirst=N.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2010" class="citation book cs1">Prasad, P. J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s0e_FlM8LKYC">Conceptual Pharmacology</a>. Universities Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-81-7371-679-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-81-7371-679-9"><bdi>978-81-7371-679-9</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 21 Juni 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conceptual+Pharmacology&rft.pub=Universities+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-81-7371-679-9&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds0e_FlM8LKYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPrimary_Lead_Refining" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070322191856/http://www.ldaint.org/technotes2.htm">"Primary Lead Refining Technical Notes"</a>. LDA International. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ldaint.org/technotes2.htm">yang asal</a> pada 22 Maret 2007. Dicapai pada 7 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primary+Lead+Refining+Technical+Notes&rft.pub=LDA+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldaint.org%2Ftechnotes2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFProgressive_Dynamics,_Inc." class="citation web cs1">Progressive Dynamics, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.progressivedyn.com/battery_basics.html">"How Lead Acid Batteries Work: Battery Basics"</a>. progressivedyn.com. Dicapai pada 3 Juli 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=progressivedyn.com&rft.atitle=How+Lead+Acid+Batteries+Work%3A+Battery+Basics&rft.au=Progressive+Dynamics%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.progressivedyn.com%2Fbattery_basics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPutnam2003" class="citation book cs1">Putnam, B. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-DC3UDjjPvgC">The Sculptor's Way: A Guide to Modelling and Sculpture</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dover_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dover Publications (laman tidak wujud)">Dover Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-486-42313-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-486-42313-5"><bdi>978-0-486-42313-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sculptor%27s+Way%3A+A+Guide+to+Modelling+and+Sculpture&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-486-42313-5&rft.aulast=Putnam&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-DC3UDjjPvgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPyykkö1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pekka_Pyykk%C3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pekka Pyykkö (laman tidak wujud)">Pyykkö, P.</a> (1988). "Relativistic effects in structural chemistry". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Reviews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical Reviews (laman tidak wujud)">Chemical Reviews</a>. 88 (3): 563–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr00085a006">10.1021/cr00085a006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Relativistic+effects+in+structural+chemistry&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=563-94&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr00085a006&rft.aulast=Pyykk%C3%B6&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRabinowitz1995" class="citation book cs1">Rabinowitz, M. B. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=-wt0AXfjiUIC">"Imputing lead sources from blood lead isotope ratios"</a>. Dalam Beard, M. E.; Allen Iske, S. D. (penyunting). Lead in Paint, Soil, and Dust: Health Risks, Exposure Studies, Control Measures, Measurement Methods, and Quality Assurance. ASTM. m/s. 63–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2Fstp12967s">10.1520/stp12967s</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8031-1884-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8031-1884-3"><bdi>978-0-8031-1884-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Imputing+lead+sources+from+blood+lead+isotope+ratios&rft.btitle=Lead+in+Paint%2C+Soil%2C+and+Dust%3A+Health+Risks%2C+Exposure+Studies%2C+Control+Measures%2C+Measurement+Methods%2C+and+Quality+Assurance&rft.pages=63-75&rft.pub=ASTM&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1520%2Fstp12967s&rft.isbn=978-0-8031-1884-3&rft.aulast=Rabinowitz&rft.aufirst=M.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D-wt0AXfjiUIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRadioactive_Decay_Series2012" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-744-marine-isotope-chemistry-fall-2012/nuclear-systematics/MIT12_744F12_Lec4.pdf">"Radioactive Decay Series"</a> (PDF). Nuclear Systematics. <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIT_OpenCourseWare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIT OpenCourseWare (laman tidak wujud)">MIT OpenCourseWare</a>. 2012. Dicapai pada 28 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radioactive+Decay+Series&rft.series=Nuclear+Systematics&rft.pub=MIT+OpenCourseWare&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Focw.mit.edu%2Fcourses%2Fearth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences%2F12-744-marine-isotope-chemistry-fall-2012%2Fnuclear-systematics%2FMIT12_744F12_Lec4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRamage1980" class="citation book cs1">Ramage, C. K., penyunting (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lymancastbulleth00rama">Lyman Cast Bullet Handbook</a> (ed. 3). Lyman Products Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lyman+Cast+Bullet+Handbook&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Lyman+Products+Corporation&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flymancastbulleth00rama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRanderson2002" class="citation journal cs1">Randerson, J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17423481.900-candle-pollution.html">"Candle pollution"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Scientist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Scientist (laman tidak wujud)">New Scientist</a> (2348). 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-67474-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-415-67474-4"><bdi>978-0-415-67474-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservation+of+Cultural+Heritage%3A+Key+Principles+and+Approaches&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-67474-4&rft.aulast=Szczepanowska&rft.aufirst=H.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyu9_LZ1AD_gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTakahashiBoydMathewsYokoi1987" class="citation journal cs1">Takahashi, K.; Boyd, R. N.; Mathews, G. J.; dll. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021195204/http://www.ca.infn.it/~oldeman/resneu/p1522_1.pdf">"Bound-state beta decay of highly ionized atoms"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review C (laman tidak wujud)">Physical Review C</a>. 36 (4): 1522. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987PhRvC..36.1522T">1987PhRvC..36.1522T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevc.36.1522">10.1103/physrevc.36.1522</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1639677">1639677</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ca.infn.it/~oldeman/resneu/p1522_1.pdf">yang asal</a> (PDF) pada 21 Oktober 2014. Dicapai pada 27 Agustus 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+C&rft.atitle=Bound-state+beta+decay+of+highly+ionized+atoms&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1522&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1639677&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrevc.36.1522&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987PhRvC..36.1522T&rft.aulast=Takahashi&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Boyd%2C+R.+N.&rft.au=Mathews%2C+G.+J.&rft.au=Yokoi%2C+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ca.infn.it%2F~oldeman%2Fresneu%2Fp1522_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>); Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTarragó2012" class="citation web cs1">Tarragó, A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/lead/docs/lead.pdf">"Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Lead Toxicity"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (laman tidak wujud)">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Case+Studies+in+Environmental+Medicine+%28CSEM%29+Lead+Toxicity&rft.pub=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Tarrag%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%2Fcsem%2Flead%2Fdocs%2Flead.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTétreaultSiroisStamatopoulou1998" class="citation journal cs1">Tétreault, J.; Sirois, J.; Stamatopoulou, E. (1998). "Studies of lead corrosion in acetic acid environments". Studies in Conservation. 43 (1): 17–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1506633">10.2307/1506633</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1506633">1506633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Conservation&rft.atitle=Studies+of+lead+corrosion+in+acetic+acid+environments&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-32&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1506633&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1506633%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=T%C3%A9treault&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Sirois%2C+J.&rft.au=Stamatopoulou%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFThink_Lead_research" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220173232/http://leadsheet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lsa-research-summary.pdf">"Think Lead research summary"</a> (PDF). 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Dicapai pada 20 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Think+Lead+research+summary&rft.pub=The+Lead+Sheet+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleadsheet.co.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F06%2Flsa-research-summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFThomson1830" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Thomson_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Thomson (chemist) (laman tidak wujud)">Thomson, T.</a> (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fXkJAAAAIAAJ">The History of Chemistry</a>. Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley (publishers).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Chemistry&rft.pub=Henry+Colburn+and+Richard+Bentley+%28publishers%29&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfXkJAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFThorntonRautiuBrush2001" class="citation book cs1">Thornton, I.; Rautiu, R.; Brush, S. M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ila-lead.org/UserFiles/File/factbook/leadTheFacts.pdf">Lead: The Facts</a> (PDF). International Lead Association. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-9542496-0-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-9542496-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9542496-0-1</bdi></a>. Dicapai pada 5 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lead%3A+The+Facts&rft.pub=International+Lead+Association&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-9542496-0-1&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Rautiu%2C+R.&rft.au=Brush%2C+S.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ila-lead.org%2FUserFiles%2FFile%2Ffactbook%2FleadTheFacts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFThürmerWilliamsReutt-Robey2002" class="citation journal cs1">Thürmer, K.; Williams, E.; Reutt-Robey, J. (2002). "Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces". Science. 297 (5589): 2033–35. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...297.2033T">2002Sci...297.2033T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.297.5589.2033">10.1126/science.297.5589.2033</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12242437">12242437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Autocatalytic+oxidation+of+lead+crystallite+surfaces&rft.volume=297&rft.issue=5589&rft.pages=2033-35&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12242437&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.297.5589.2033&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002Sci...297.2033T&rft.aulast=Th%C3%BCrmer&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Williams%2C+E.&rft.au=Reutt-Robey%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTolliday2014" class="citation web cs1">Tolliday, B. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129090204/https://www.ila-lead.org/news/lead-in-the-news/2012-11-30/significant-growth-in-lead-usage-underlines-its--importance-to-the-global-economy-">"Significant growth in lead usage underlines its importance to the global economy"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Lead_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Lead Association (laman tidak wujud)">International Lead Association</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ila-lead.org/news/lead-in-the-news/2012-11-30/significant-growth-in-lead-usage-underlines-its--importance-to-the-global-economy-">yang asal</a> pada 2020-11-29. Dicapai pada 28 Februari 2017. <q>Global demand for lead has more than doubled since the early 1990s and almost 90% of use is now in lead-acid batteries</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Significant+growth+in+lead+usage+underlines+its+importance+to+the+global+economy&rft.pub=International+Lead+Association&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Tolliday&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ila-lead.org%2Fnews%2Flead-in-the-news%2F2012-11-30%2Fsignificant-growth-in-lead-usage-underlines-its--importance-to-the-global-economy-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFToronto_museum_explores2003" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2003-08-13/toronto-museum-explores-history-of-contraceptives/1463884">"Toronto museum explores history of contraceptives"</a>. ABC News. 2003. Dicapai pada 13 Februari 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Toronto+museum+explores+history+of+contraceptives&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2003-08-13%2Ftoronto-museum-explores-history-of-contraceptives%2F1463884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFToxic_Substances_Portal" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606072913/http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/PHS/PHS.asp?id=92&tid=22">"Toxic Substances Portal – Lead"</a>. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/PHS/PHS.asp?id=92&tid=22">yang asal</a> pada 6 Juni 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toxic+Substances+Portal+%E2%80%93+Lead&rft.pub=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%2FPHS%2FPHS.asp%3Fid%3D92%26tid%3D22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>); Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFToxicological_Profile_for_Lead2007" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701213753/https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.pdf">"Toxicological Profile for Lead"</a> (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry/Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine. 2007. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.pdf">yang asal</a> (PDF) pada 2 Juli 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry%2FDivision+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Toxicological+Profile+for+Lead&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsdr.cdc.gov%2Ftoxprofiles%2Ftp13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTrace_element_emission2012" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iea-coal.org/trace-element-emissions-from-coal-ccc-203/">"Trace element emission from coal"</a>. IEA Clean Coal Centre. 2012. Dicapai pada 1 Maret 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trace+element+emission+from+coal&rft.pub=IEA+Clean+Coal+Centre&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iea-coal.org%2Ftrace-element-emissions-from-coal-ccc-203%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTucekCarlssonWider2006" class="citation journal cs1">Tucek, K.; Carlsson, J.; Wider, H. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecolo.org/documents/documents_in_english/SFRvsLFR-05.pdf">"Comparison of sodium and lead-cooled fast reactors regarding reactor physics aspects, severe safety and economical issues"</a> (PDF). Nuclear Engineering and Design. 236 (14–16): 1589–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nucengdes.2006.04.019">10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.04.019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Engineering+and+Design&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+sodium+and+lead-cooled+fast+reactors+regarding+reactor+physics+aspects%2C+severe+safety+and+economical+issues&rft.volume=236&rft.issue=14%E2%80%9316&rft.pages=1589-98&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nucengdes.2006.04.019&rft.aulast=Tucek&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Carlsson%2C+J.&rft.au=Wider%2C+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecolo.org%2Fdocuments%2Fdocuments_in_english%2FSFRvsLFR-05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFTungate2011" class="citation book cs1">Tungate, M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jQA_B84aVhYC&pg=PA14">Branded Beauty: How Marketing Changed the Way We Look</a>. Kogan Page Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7494-6182-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7494-6182-9"><bdi>978-0-7494-6182-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Branded+Beauty%3A+How+Marketing+Changed+the+Way+We+Look&rft.pub=Kogan+Page+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7494-6182-9&rft.aulast=Tungate&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjQA_B84aVhYC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUK_Marine_SACs_Project1999" class="citation report cs1">UK Marine SACs Project (1999). "Lead". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/activities/water-quality/wq8_4.htm">Water Quality</a> (Laporan). Dicapai pada 10 Juni 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Water+Quality&rft.date=1999&rft.au=UK+Marine+SACs+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukmarinesac.org.uk%2Factivities%2Fwater-quality%2Fwq8_4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_Environment_Programme2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Environment_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Environment Programme (laman tidak wujud)">United Nations Environment Programme</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/document/UNEP_GC26_INF_11_Add_1_Final_UNEP_Lead_review_and_apppendix_Dec_2010.pdf">Final review of scientific information on lead</a> (PDF). 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AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (ed. 5). Dicapai pada 20 Mei 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Metallurgical+Industry%3ASecondary+Lead+Processing&rft.btitle=AP+42+Compilation+of+Air+Pollutant+Emission+Factors&rft.edition=5&rft.date=2010&rft.au=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Flead%2Fregulatory-status-waste-generated-contractors-and-residents-lead-based-paint-activities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency2000" class="citation web cs1">United States Environmental Protection Agency (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/lead/regulatory-status-waste-generated-contractors-and-residents-lead-based-paint-activities">"Regulatory Status of Waste Generated by Contractors and Residents from Lead-Based Paint Activities Conducted in Households (Agustus 2000)"</a>. Dicapai pada 28 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regulatory+Status+of+Waste+Generated+by+Contractors+and+Residents+from+Lead-Based+Paint+Activities+Conducted+in+Households+%28Agustus+2000%29&rft.date=2000&rft.au=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Flead%2Fregulatory-status-waste-generated-contractors-and-residents-lead-based-paint-activities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency2005" class="citation web cs1">United States Environmental Protection Agency (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/epa_bmp.pdf">"Best Management Practices for Lead at Outdoor Shooting Ranges"</a> (PDF). Dicapai pada 12 Juni 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+Management+Practices+for+Lead+at+Outdoor+Shooting+Ranges&rft.date=2005&rft.au=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsites%2Fproduction%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fepa_bmp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2015" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Food and Drug Administration (laman tidak wujud)">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidances/ucm371025.pdf">Q3D Elemental Impurities Guidance for Industry</a> (PDF) (Laporan). <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services (laman tidak wujud)">United States Department of Health and Human Services</a>. m/s. 41. Dicapai pada 15 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Q3D+Elemental+Impurities+Guidance+for+Industry&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.date=2015&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdownloads%2Fdrugs%2Fguidances%2Fucm371025.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Geological_Survey1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_LdUAAAAYAAJ">Geological Survey Professional Paper</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Government_Publishing_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Government Publishing Office (laman tidak wujud)">United States Government Publishing Office</a>. m/s. 314.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geological+Survey+Professional+Paper&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Publishing+Office&rft.date=1973&rft.au=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_LdUAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Geological_Survey2005" class="citation report cs1">United States Geological Survey (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lead/lead_mcs05.pdf">Lead</a> (PDF) (Laporan). 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Nuclear Forensics: A Scientific Search Problem. 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N.</a>; Larin, B. O. (penyunting). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fshare%2Fstarling%2Fmorpho&morpho=1&basename=morpho%5Cvasmer%5Cvasmer&first=1&off=&text_word=%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0&method_word=substring&ic_word=on&text_general=&method_general=substring&ic_general=on&text_origin=&method_origin=substring&ic_origin=on&text_trubachev=&method_trubachev=substring&ic_trubachev=on&text_editorial=&method_editorial=substring&ic_editorial=on&text_pages=&method_pages=substring&ic_pages=on&text_any=&method_any=substring&sort=word&ic_any=on">Этимологический словарь русского языка</a> [Kamus etimologi bahasa Rusia] (dalam bahasa Rusia) (ed. 2). Progress. 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Medical History. 29 (1): 107–08. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025727300043878">10.1017/S0025727300043878</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1139494">1139494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+History&rft.atitle=Lead+and+lead+poisoning+in+antiquity&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-08&rft.date=1985&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1139494%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025727300043878&rft.aulast=Waldron&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1139494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWaniAraUsman2015" class="citation journal cs1">Wani, A. L.; Ara, A.; Usman, J. A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4961898/pdf/ITX-8-055.pdf">"Lead toxicity: A review"</a> (PDF). Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 8 (2): 55–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fintox-2015-0009">10.1515/intox-2015-0009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4961898">4961898</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27486361">27486361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interdisciplinary+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Lead+toxicity%3A+A+review&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=55-64&rft.date=2015&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4961898%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27486361&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fintox-2015-0009&rft.aulast=Wani&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rft.au=Ara%2C+A.&rft.au=Usman%2C+J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4961898%2Fpdf%2FITX-8-055.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWeastAstleBeyer1983" class="citation book cs1">Weast, R. C.; Astle, M. J.; Beyer, W. H. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yThsvgAACAAJ">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data</a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-0464-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-0464-4"><bdi>978-0-8493-0464-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics%3A+A+Ready-reference+Book+of+Chemical+and+Physical+Data&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft.au=Astle%2C+M.+J.&rft.au=Beyer%2C+W.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyThsvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWeatherings_to_Parapets" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331094230/http://leadsheet.co.uk/home/lsa-pocket-guide/weatherings-to-parapets-and-cornices/">"Weatherings to Parapets and Cornices"</a>. The Lead Sheet Association. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leadsheet.co.uk/home/lsa-pocket-guide/weatherings-to-parapets-and-cornices/">yang asal</a> pada 2018-03-31. Dicapai pada 20 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weatherings+to+Parapets+and+Cornices&rft.pub=The+Lead+Sheet+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleadsheet.co.uk%2Fhome%2Flsa-pocket-guide%2Fweatherings-to-parapets-and-cornices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2000" class="citation book cs1">Webb, G. A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ofmQCwsnAHMC&pg=PA115">Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</a>. Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-85404-327-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-85404-327-9"><bdi>978-0-85404-327-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Magnetic+Resonance&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-85404-327-9&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DofmQCwsnAHMC%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWebbMarsiglioHirsch2015" class="citation journal cs1">Webb, G. W.; Marsiglio, F.; Hirsch, J. E. (2015). "Superconductivity in the elements, alloys and simple compounds". Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications. 514: 17–27. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1502.04724">1502.04724</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhyC..514...17W">2015PhyC..514...17W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.physc.2015.02.037">10.1016/j.physc.2015.02.037</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physica+C%3A+Superconductivity+and+its+Applications&rft.atitle=Superconductivity+in+the+elements%2C+alloys+and+simple+compounds&rft.volume=514&rft.pages=17-27&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1502.04724&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.physc.2015.02.037&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015PhyC..514...17W&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft.au=Marsiglio%2C+F.&rft.au=Hirsch%2C+J.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWhittenGaileyDavid1996" class="citation book cs1">Whitten, K. W.; Gailey, K. D.; David, R. E. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalchemistry0005whit">General chemistry with qualitative analysis</a> (ed. 3). Saunders College. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-03-012864-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-03-012864-6"><bdi>978-0-03-012864-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+chemistry+with+qualitative+analysis&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Saunders+College&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-03-012864-6&rft.aulast=Whitten&rft.aufirst=K.+W.&rft.au=Gailey%2C+K.+D.&rft.au=David%2C+R.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeneralchemistry0005whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWibergWibergHolleman2001" class="citation book cs1">Wiberg, E.; Wiberg, N.; Holleman, A. F. (2001). Inorganic Chemistry. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Academic_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academic Press (laman tidak wujud)">Academic Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-12-352651-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-12-352651-9"><bdi>978-0-12-352651-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-12-352651-9&rft.aulast=Wiberg&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+N.&rft.au=Holleman%2C+A.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWilkesSummersDanielsBerard2005" class="citation book cs1">Wilkes, C. E.; Summers, J. W.; Daniels, C. A.; dll. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=YUkJNI9QYsUC">PVC Handbook</a>. Hanser. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-56990-379-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-56990-379-7"><bdi>978-1-56990-379-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PVC+Handbook&rft.pub=Hanser&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-56990-379-7&rft.aulast=Wilkes&rft.aufirst=C.+E.&rft.au=Summers%2C+J.+W.&rft.au=Daniels%2C+C.+A.&rft.au=Berard%2C+M.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DYUkJNI9QYsUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWilley1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Willey_(physicist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Willey (physicist) (laman tidak wujud)">Willey, D. G.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csicop.org/si/show/physics_behind_four_amazing_demonstrations">"The physics behind four amazing demonstrations — CSI"</a>. Skeptical Inquirer. 23 (6). Dicapai pada 6 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=The+physics+behind+four+amazing+demonstrations+%E2%80%94+CSI&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Willey&rft.aufirst=D.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fsi%2Fshow%2Fphysics_behind_four_amazing_demonstrations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWinder1993a" class="citation journal cs1">Winder, C. (1993a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070831210244/http://lead.org.au/lanv2n1/lanv2n1-11.html">"The history of lead — Part 1"</a>. LEAD Action News. 2 (1). <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1324-6011">1324-6011</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lead.org.au/lanv2n1/lanv2n1-11.html">yang asal</a> pada 31 Agustus 2007. Dicapai pada 5 Februari 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LEAD+Action+News&rft.atitle=The+history+of+lead+%E2%80%94+Part+1&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=1324-6011&rft.aulast=Winder&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flead.org.au%2Flanv2n1%2Flanv2n1-11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>); Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWinder1993b" class="citation journal cs1">Winder, C. (1993b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070831200744/http://lead.org.au/lanv2n3/lanv2n3-22.html">"The history of lead — Part 3"</a>. LEAD Action News. 2 (3). <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1324-6011">1324-6011</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lead.org.au/lanv2n3/lanv2n3-22.html">yang asal</a> pada 31 Agustus 2007. Dicapai pada 12 Februari 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LEAD+Action+News&rft.atitle=The+history+of+lead+%E2%80%94+Part+3&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=1324-6011&rft.aulast=Winder&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flead.org.au%2Flanv2n3%2Flanv2n3-22.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>); Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|archivedate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWindholz1976" class="citation book cs1">Windholz, M. (1976). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merck_Index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merck Index (laman tidak wujud)">Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs</a> (ed. 9). <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck & Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-911910-26-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-911910-26-1"><bdi>978-0-911910-26-1</bdi></a>. Monograph 8393.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merck+Index+of+Chemicals+and+Drugs&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=Merck+%26+Co.&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-911910-26-1&rft.aulast=Windholz&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization1995" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc165.htm">Environmental Health Criteria 165: Inorganic Lead</a> (Laporan). Dicapai pada 10 Juni 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Environmental+Health+Criteria+165%3A+Inorganic+Lead&rft.date=1995&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fehc%2Fehc%2Fehc165.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2000" class="citation book cs1">World Health Organization (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/74732/E71922.pdf">"Lead"</a> (PDF). Air quality guidelines for Europe. Regional Office for Europe. m/s. 149–53. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-92-890-1358-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-92-890-1358-1"><bdi>978-92-890-1358-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/475274390">475274390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lead&rft.btitle=Air+quality+guidelines+for+Europe&rft.pages=149-53&rft.pub=Regional+Office+for+Europe&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F475274390&rft.isbn=978-92-890-1358-1&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euro.who.int%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0005%2F74732%2FE71922.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Nuclear_Association2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Nuclear_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Nuclear Association (laman tidak wujud)">World Nuclear Association</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Safety-and-Security/Radiation-and-Health/Nuclear-Radiation-and-Health-Effects/">"Nuclear Radiation and Health Effects"</a>. Dicapai pada 12 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Radiation+and+Health+Effects&rft.date=2015&rft.au=World+Nuclear+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear.org%2Finfo%2FSafety-and-Security%2FRadiation-and-Health%2FNuclear-Radiation-and-Health-Effects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWrackmeyerHorchler1990" class="citation book cs1">Wrackmeyer, B.; Horchler, K. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y1vs0XIgDCQC&pg=PA249">207Pb-NMR Parameters</a>. Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy. 22. Academic Press. m/s. 249–303. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-058405-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-08-058405-8"><bdi>978-0-08-058405-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Csup%3E207%3C%2Fsup%3EPb-NMR+Parameters&rft.pages=249-303&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-08-058405-8&rft.aulast=Wrackmeyer&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Horchler%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy1vs0XIgDCQC%26pg%3DPA249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFYongHoffmannFässler2006" class="citation journal cs1">Yong, L.; Hoffmann, S. D.; Fässler, T. F. (2006). "A low-dimensional arrangement of [Pb9]4? clusters in [K(18-crown-6)]2K2Pb9·(en)1.5". Inorganica Chimica Acta. 359 (15): 4774–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ica.2006.04.017">10.1016/j.ica.2006.04.017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inorganica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=A+low-dimensional+arrangement+of+%5BPb%3Csub%3E9%3C%2Fsub%3E%5D%3Csup%3E4%3F%3C%2Fsup%3E+clusters+in+%5BK%2818-crown-6%29%5D%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EK%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EPb%3Csub%3E9%3C%2Fsub%3E%C2%B7%28en%29%3Csub%3E1.5%3C%2Fsub%3E&rft.volume=359&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=4774-78&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ica.2006.04.017&rft.aulast=Yong&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+S.+D.&rft.au=F%C3%A4ssler%2C+T.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2012" class="citation web cs1">Young, S. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coastguard.dodlive.mil/2012/07/battling-lead-contamination-one-fish-bone-at-a-time/">"Battling lead contamination, one fish bone at a time"</a>. Compass. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Coast_Guard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Coast Guard (laman tidak wujud)">United States Coast Guard</a>. Dicapai pada 11 Februari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Compass&rft.atitle=Battling+lead+contamination%2C+one+fish+bone+at+a+time&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoastguard.dodlive.mil%2F2012%2F07%2Fbattling-lead-contamination-one-fish-bone-at-a-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFYuYu2004" class="citation book cs1">Yu, L.; Yu, H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QfWQB0peEWYC">Chinese Coins: Money in History and Society</a>. Long River Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-59265-017-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-59265-017-0"><bdi>978-1-59265-017-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Coins%3A+Money+in+History+and+Society&rft.pub=Long+River+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59265-017-0&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Yu%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQfWQB0peEWYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFZhangYangLiLi2012" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, X.; Yang, L.; Li, Y.; dll. (2012). "Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 184 (4): 2261–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10661-011-2115-6">10.1007/s10661-011-2115-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21573711">21573711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+lead%2Fzinc+mining+and+smelting+on+the+environment+and+human+health+in+China&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=2261-73&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10661-011-2115-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21573711&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X.&rft.au=Yang%2C+L.&rft.au=Li%2C+Y.&rft.au=Li%2C+H.&rft.au=Wang%2C+W.&rft.au=Ye%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFZhao2008" class="citation book cs1">Zhao, F. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aXm9AQAAQBAJ">Information Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation</a>. IGI Global. m/s. 440. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-59904-902-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-59904-902-1"><bdi>978-1-59904-902-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Information+Technology+Entrepreneurship+and+Innovation&rft.pages=440&rft.pub=IGI+Global&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59904-902-1&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaXm9AQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFZuckermanHagen1989" class="citation book cs1">Zuckerman, J. J.; Hagen, A. P. (1989). Inorganic Reactions and Methods, the Formation of Bonds to Halogens. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-471-18656-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-471-18656-4"><bdi>978-0-471-18656-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Reactions+and+Methods%2C+the+Formation+of+Bonds+to+Halogens&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-471-18656-4&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft.au=Hagen%2C+A.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFZweifel2009" class="citation book cs1">Zweifel, H. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=WbBH5QFXOhoC">Plastics Additives Handbook</a>. Hanser. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-446-40801-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-446-40801-2"><bdi>978-3-446-40801-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plastics+Additives+Handbook&rft.pub=Hanser&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-446-40801-2&rft.aulast=Zweifel&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DWbBH5QFXOhoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFZýka1966" class="citation journal cs1">Zýka, J. 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Dicapai pada 2 Maret 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Analytical+study+of+the+basic+properties+of+lead+tetraacetate+as+oxidizing+agent&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=569-81&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac196613040569&rft.aulast=Z%C3%BDka&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemadness.org%2Ftalk%2Ffiles.php%3Fpid%3D242223%26aid%3D18041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APlumbum" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</li></ul> </div> <table class="navbox collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="32"><div style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Jadual_berkala_padat" title="Templat:Jadual berkala padat">p</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Jadual_berkala_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Jadual berkala padat (laman tidak wujud)">b</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Jadual_berkala_padat&action=edit">s</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">  </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zink" class="mw-redirect" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Arsenik" title="Arsenik">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Teknetium" title="Teknetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Antimoni" title="Antimoni">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Tennessin" title="Tennessin">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="32"> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_bumi" title="Logam alkali bumi">Logam alkali bumi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Lantanid" title="Lantanid">Lantanid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Aktinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinid">Aktinid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan">Logam peralihan</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">Logam</a> lain </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Bukan_logam" title="Bukan logam">Bukan logam</a> lain </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogen</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Gas_adi" title="Gas adi">Gas adi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="32"> <table border="0" align="center" style="width:100%; height:50%;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#c9c9ff"><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(terperinci)" title="Jadual berkala (terperinci)">Versi terperinci</a>  </td></tr></tbody></table> 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class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-rxhkv","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.685","walltime":"1.878","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12089,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":536623,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4992,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":566738,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1533.061 1 -total"," 23.68% 363.050 103 Templat:Cite_book"," 17.43% 267.183 67 Templat:Cite_journal"," 15.15% 232.202 2 Templat:Lang"," 14.88% 228.136 1 Templat:Jawi"," 12.15% 186.203 96 Templat:Sfn"," 7.54% 115.598 37 Templat:Cite_web"," 7.24% 110.945 1 Templat:Reflist"," 6.61% 101.365 3 Templat:Script"," 6.34% 97.254 3 Templat:Script/Arabic"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.076","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21607675,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFActon2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlsfasser2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Geophysical_Union2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmstock1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson1869\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAshikari2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAssiHezmeeHaronSabri2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAudsley1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAuerKoverAidalaGreenwood2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBairdCann2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeckerFörsterFranzenHartrath2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeemanBelliniCardaniCasali2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeinerLaviSeriRossin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhararaAtwood2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiselBisel2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBissonVogel2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlakemore1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBremner2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrenner2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrescia2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBretherick2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBunkerCasey2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurbidgeBurbidgeFowlerHoyle1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurleson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalifornia_Department_of_Fish_and_Wildlife\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCama2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCangelosiPecoraro2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasciani2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCeccarelli2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCenters_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCenters_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristensen2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohenTrotzkyPincus1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCommittee_on_Evaluation_of_EPA_Guidelines_for_Exposure_to_Naturally_Occurring_Radioactive_MaterialsCommission_on_Life_SciencesDivision_on_Earth_and_Life_StudiesNational_Research_Council1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConsidineConsidine2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCopper_Development_Association\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCotnoir2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCox1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrow2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDartHurlbutBoyer-Hassen2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidsonRymanSutherlandMilner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelileBlichert-ToftGoiranKeay2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeltaresNetherlands_Organisation_for_Applied_Scientific_Research2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDieterWatson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonnelly2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDownsAdams2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuda1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdeCormack2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmsley2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEschnauerStoeppler1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans1908\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinger2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiorini2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankenburg2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrebel2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFunke2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaleTotemeier2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilfillan1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillLibraries_Board_of_South_Australia1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGottessfeld2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraedeletal2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrandjean1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrout2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuberman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGulbinska2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuruswamy2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHadlington2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarbisonBourgeoisJohnson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHauser2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHernberg2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHistory_of_Cosmetics\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHodge1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHongCandelonePattersonBoutron1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIAEA_-_Nuclear_Data_Section2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInsight_ExplorerIPEN2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsmawatiPrimantiBroschéClark2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJensen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaupp2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKellett2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKonuChivers2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKosnett2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrestovnikoffHalls2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKroonen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangmuirBroecker2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLauwerysHoet2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLayton2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLead_garden_ornaments2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLead_in_Waste2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLead_mining\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLead_sling_bullet\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevinBrownKashtockJacobs2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLide2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiuLiuPakWang2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLochnerRohrbachCochrane2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLodders2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuckeyVenugopal1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacintyre1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcillacCoronDambierLeblanc2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarinoLandriganGraefNussbaum1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkowitzRosner2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMastersTrevorKatzung2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCoy2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeijaCoplenBerglundBrand2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerriam-Webster\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoreSpauldingBohleberHandley2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMosseriHengleinJanata1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMycykHryhorczukAmitaietal2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNakashimaHayashiTashiroMatsushita1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Council_on_Radiation_Protection_and_Measurements2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNavas-Acien2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNikolayev2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorman1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNriagu1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNriaguKim2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOccupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlinsky-Paul2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOssuaries_and_Sarcophagi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOxford_English_Dictionary\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmieri2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkBolanMegharaNaidu2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParthé1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPauling1947\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPenevaJjuievaTsukeva1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetzelJuutiSugimoto2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolyanskiy1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrasad2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrimary_Lead_Refining\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProgressive_Dynamics,_Inc.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPutnam2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPyykkö1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabinowitz1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadioactive_Decay_Series2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamage1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanderson2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReddyBraun2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRetiefCilliers2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRich1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRieuwerts2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRivaLafranconid\u0026#039;OrsoCesana2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoedererKratzFrebelChristlieb2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogalski2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRudolphRudolphHostetterLister2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRöhr2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamson1885\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScarborough1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoch1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoetersDen_HondDhoogeVan_Larebeke2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharmaNozawaSmerdonNugent2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharmaSmerdonNugentRibeiro2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilverman1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinhaShellySharmaMeenakshi1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlater1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmirnovBorisevichSulaberidze2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoedowo2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSokol2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStabenowSaakWeidenbruch2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStreetAlexander1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSzczepanowska2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTakahashiBoydMathewsYokoi1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTarragó2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThink_Lead_research\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomson1830\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorntonRautiuBrush2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThürmerWilliamsReutt-Robey2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTolliday2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToronto_museum_explores2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToxic_Substances_Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToxicological_Profile_for_Lead2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrace_element_emission2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucekCarlssonWider2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTungate2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTétreaultSiroisStamatopoulou1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUK_Marine_SACs_Project1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_Nations_Environment_Programme2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Geological_Survey1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Geological_Survey2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Geological_Survey2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUniversity_of_California_Nuclear_Forensic_Search_Project\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVasmer1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogelAchilles2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaldron1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaniAraUsman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeastAstleBeyer1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeatherings_to_Parapets\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebb2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebbMarsiglioHirsch2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhittenGaileyDavid1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWibergWibergHolleman2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkesSummersDanielsBerard2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkinson1901\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilley1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinder1993a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinder1993b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWindholz1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Nuclear_Association2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWrackmeyerHorchler1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYongHoffmannFässler2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYuYu2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhangYangLiLi2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhao2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZuckermanHagen1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZweifel2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZýka1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Callataÿ2005\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite KBBI daring\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 103,\n [\"Cite dictionary\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 67,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 37,\n [\"Compact periodic table\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox lead isotopes\"] = 1,\n [\"Jawi\"] = 1,\n [\"Kotakunsur Plumbum\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang-jv\"] = 1,\n [\"PD-notice\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Script\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 96,\n [\"Small\"] = 2,\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","200","16.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","140","11.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","120","9.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","9.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","100","8.2"],["recursiveClone 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