CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>940s - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a853b8bd-bb76-4fb5-9900-f37af0e9e00c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"940s","wgTitle":"940s","wgCurRevisionId":1270415786,"wgRevisionId":1270415786,"wgArticleId":35172,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","940s"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"940s","wgRelevantArticleId":35172,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":600,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q83049","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="940s - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/940s"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=940s&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/940s"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-940s rootpage-940s skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=940s" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=940s" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=940s" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=940s" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-940" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#940"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>940</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-940-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-941" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#941"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>941</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-941-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.3</span> <span>Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-942" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#942"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>942</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-942-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.2</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-943" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#943"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>943</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-943-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-944" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#944"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>944</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-944-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.4</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.4</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.5</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-946" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#946"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>946</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-946-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.2</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.3</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.4</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volcanology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volcanology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.2</span> <span>Volcanology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volcanology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-947" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#947"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>947</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-947-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.2</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabian_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabian_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.3</span> <span>Arabian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabian_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-948" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#948"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>948</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-948-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.3</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.4</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.5</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-949" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#949"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>949</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-949-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.3</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">940s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_940" title="عقد 940 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 940" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_940" title="Anyos 940 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 940" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_940" title="Década del 940 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 940" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-an" title="940-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="940-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="৯৪০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৯৪০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/940_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="940 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="940 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%D1%8F" title="940-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="940-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%D1%8F" title="940-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="940-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-e" title="940-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="940-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_940" title="Bloavezhioù 940 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 940" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_940" title="Dècada del 940 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 940" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="940-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="940-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/940au" title="940au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="940au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%27erne" title="940'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="940'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_940" title="عوام 940 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 940" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/940er" title="940er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="940er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/940._aastad" title="940. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="940. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_940" title="An 940 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 940" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/940_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="940 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="940 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_940" title="Años 940 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 940" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-aj_jaroj" title="940-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="940-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/940ko_hamarkada" title="940ko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="940ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۹۴۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۹۴۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%C3%A1rini" title="940-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="940-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_940" title="Années 940 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 940" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/940id%C3%AD" title="940idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="940idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/940an" title="940an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="940an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_940" title="Década de 940 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 940" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="940年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="940年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="940년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="940년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-an" title="940-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="940-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/941%E2%80%93950" title="941–950 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="941–950" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-10" title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-10 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-10" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-an" title="940-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="940-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="940-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="940-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_940" title="Miaka ya 940 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 940" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="940-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="940-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_940" title="Anni 940 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 940" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-es_%C3%A9vek" title="940-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="940-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="940-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="940-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ९४० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ९४० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="940-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="940-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_940" title="عقد 940 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 940" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-an" title="940-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="940-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/940_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="940 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="940 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/940_xihuitl" title="940 xihuitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="940 xihuitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-949" title="940-949 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="940-949" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="940年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="940年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%C3%A5rene" title="940-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="940-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_940" title="Annaées 940 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 940" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/940_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="940 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="940 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-lar" title="940-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="940-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_940" title="Década de 940 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 940" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_940" title="Anii 940 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 940" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/940_watakuna" title="940 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="940 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="940-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="940-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/940s" title="940s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="940s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_940" title="Vitet 940 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 940" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/940ini" title="940ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="940ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/940s" title="940s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="940s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/40._roky_10._storo%C4%8Dia" title="40. roky 10. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="40. roky 10. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/940." title="940. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="940." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%D0%B5" title="940-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="940-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-e" title="940-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="940-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-an" title="940-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="940-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-luku" title="940-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="940-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-talet" title="940-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="940-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="940-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="940-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_940" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 940 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 940" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_940_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 940 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 940 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%27lar" title="940'lar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="940'lar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="940ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="940ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/940-%D0%B2%D1%96" title="940-ві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="940-ві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="940ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="940ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_940" title="Thập niên 940 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 940" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_940" title="Anêyes 940 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 940" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/940_nga_dekada" title="940 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="940 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="940年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="940年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="940年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="940年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="940年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="940年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83049#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/940s" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:940s" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/940s"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=940s&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=940s&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/940s"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=940s&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=940s&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/940s" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/940s" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=940s&oldid=1270415786" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=940s&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=940s&id=1270415786&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F940s"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F940s"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=940s&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=940s&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:940s" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83049" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Decade</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_century" title="9th century">9th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/10th_century" title="10th century">10th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/920s" title="920s">920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/930s" title="930s">930s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">940s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/950s" title="950s">950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/960s" title="960s">960s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_940" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 940">940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_941" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 941">941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_942" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 942">942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_943" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 943">943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_944" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 944">944</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_945" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 945">945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_946" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 946">946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_947" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 947">947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_948" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 948">948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_949" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 949">949</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:940s_births" title="Category:940s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:940s_deaths" title="Category:940s deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:940s_establishments" title="Category:940s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:940s_disestablishments" title="Category:940s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>940s</b> decade ran from January 1, 940, to December 31, 949. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="940">940</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_940" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 940">AD 940</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_940&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_940&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=940&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=940&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Polans_(western)" title="Polans (western)">Polans</a> begins the construction of the following fortified settlements (<a href="/wiki/Giecz" title="Giecz">Giecz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bnin,_K%C3%B3rnik" title="Bnin, Kórnik">Bnin</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C4%85d,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship" title="Ląd, Greater Poland Voivodeship">Ląd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gniezno" title="Gniezno">Gniezno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grzybowo,_Wrze%C5%9Bnia_County" title="Grzybowo, Września County">Grzybowo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Lednicki" title="Ostrów Lednicki">Ostrów Lednicki</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">Piast Dynasty</a> under Duke <a href="/wiki/Siemomys%C5%82" title="Siemomysł">Siemomysł</a> gains control over other groups of Polans along the Upper <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a>, and establishes their rule around Giecz (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Japan"> Japan</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=940&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Masakado" title="Taira no Masakado">Taira no Masakado</a>, the self-proclaimed "New Emperor" (新皇), is subdued by local rivals who revolt against his rule. His forces are defeated by his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Sadamori" title="Taira no Sadamori">Taira no Sadamori</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Shim%C5%8Dsa_Province" title="Shimōsa Province">Shimōsa Province</a>. Masakado's head is brought back to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suzaku" title="Emperor Suzaku">Suzaku</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=940&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Literature"> Literature</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=940&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a>, a Jewish <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> and philosopher, compiles his <a href="/wiki/Siddur_of_Saadia_Gaon" title="Siddur of Saadia Gaon">Siddur</a> (Jewish prayer book) in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogal</a> poetry in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=940&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narita-san" title="Narita-san">Narita-san</a> ("New victory temple"), a <a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon Buddhist</a> temple, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="941">941</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_941" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 941">AD 941</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_941&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_941&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_2"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=941&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=941&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – <a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rus%27%E2%80%93Byzantine_War_(941)" title="Rus'–Byzantine War (941)">Rus'–Byzantine War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Rus'</a> and their allies, the <a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Varangians" title="Varangians">Varangian</a> prince <a href="/wiki/Igor_of_Kiev" title="Igor of Kiev">Igor I of Kiev</a>, cross the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> with an invasion fleet of 1,000 ships<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (40,000 men) and disembark on the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. While the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_navy" title="Byzantine navy">Byzantine fleet</a> is engaged against the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>, the Rus' forces reach the gates of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I</a> organizes the defense of the capital and assembles 15 old ships (equipped with throwers of <a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a>) under the chamberlain (<i><a href="/wiki/Protovestiarios" title="Protovestiarios">protovestiarios</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Theophanes_(chamberlain)" title="Theophanes (chamberlain)">Theophanes</a>. The Byzantines repel the Rus' fleet (nearly annihilating the entire fleet) but can not prevent the invaders from pillaging the hinterland of Constantinople, venturing as far south as <a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmit" title="İzmit">İzmit</a>). In September, <a href="/wiki/John_Kourkouas" title="John Kourkouas">John Kourkouas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bardas_Phokas_the_Elder" title="Bardas Phokas the Elder">Bardas Phokas</a> ("the Elder"), two leading generals, destroy the Rus' forces in <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(theme)" title="Thrace (theme)">Thrace</a>. Igor manages, with only a handful of boats, to escape to the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_2"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=941&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry I, Duke of Bavaria">Henry I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, plots to assassinate his brother, King <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Kaiserpfalz" title="Kaiserpfalz">royal palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg" title="Quedlinburg">Quedlinburg</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>), but the conspiracy is discovered and Henry is put in captivity in <a href="/wiki/Ingelheim_am_Rhein" title="Ingelheim am Rhein">Ingelheim</a>. He is released after doing <a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">penance</a> at <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>.</li> <li>Fall – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh of Provence</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a>, leads a fourth expedition to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> to dislodge <a href="/wiki/Alberic_II_of_Spoleto" title="Alberic II of Spoleto">Alberic II</a>. He proceeds to <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, preparing a campaign to capture the papal capital. Again the attacks fail and Hugh retreats to <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Guthfrithson" title="Olaf Guthfrithson">Olaf Guthfrithson</a>, a Norse-Irish chieftain, is killed while raiding an ancient <a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Anglian</a> church at <a href="/wiki/Whitekirk_and_Tyninghame" title="Whitekirk and Tyninghame">Tyninghame</a> (Northern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Northumbria">Northumbria</a>). He is succeeded by his cousin <a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Cuar%C3%A1n" title="Amlaíb Cuarán">Olaf Sigtryggsson</a> as ruler of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_York" title="Scandinavian York">Jórvik</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Middle_East"> Middle East</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=941&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – The famed Green Dome of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Golden_Gate" title="Palace of the Golden Gate">Palace of the Golden Gate</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> collapses, amidst heavy rainfall.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_2"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=941&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_2"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=941&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oda_of_Canterbury" title="Oda of Canterbury">Oda</a> ("the Good") is appointed archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> after the death of <a href="/wiki/Wulfhelm" title="Wulfhelm">Wulfhelm</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaminarimon" title="Kaminarimon">Kaminarimon</a>, the eight-pillared gate to the <a href="/wiki/Sens%C5%8D-ji" title="Sensō-ji">Sensō-ji</a> Buddhist temple in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, is erected.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="942">942</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_942" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 942">AD 942</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_942&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_942&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_3"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=942&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_3"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=942&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_raid_in_Spain_(942)" title="Hungarian raid in Spain (942)">Hungarians invade Al-Andalus</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) and besiege the fortress city of <a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lerida</a>. They devastate <a href="/wiki/Cerdanya" title="Cerdanya">Cerdanya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huesca" title="Province of Huesca">Huesca</a>, and capture Yahya ibn Muhammad ibn al Tawil, <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Wali_(administrative_title)" title="Wali (administrative title)">wali</a></i>) of the town of <a href="/wiki/Barbastro" title="Barbastro">Barbastro</a>. Lacking food stores and sufficient <a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">forage</a>, the Hungarians retreat to the <a href="/wiki/Septimania" title="Septimania">Gothic March</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fraxinet" title="Battle of Fraxinet">Battle of Fraxinet</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh of Provence</a> launches an attack on <a href="/wiki/Fraxinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraxinet">Fraxinet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moorish</a> fortress on the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">Côté d'Azur</a> that had taken control of the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmontese</a> valleys. With the assistance of a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> fleet sent by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I</a>, Hugh lays <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> to the Moorish fortress with the help of Hungarian auxiliary troops (<a href="/wiki/Kabar" title="Kabar">Kabars</a>).</li> <li>Fall – Hugh of Provence makes a truce with the Moors of Fraxinet, after hearing the news that a <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Swabian</a> army is about to descend on <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a>. He allows the Moors to attack the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> passes for his own political ends in his struggle with <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy" title="Berengar II of Italy">Berengar of Ivrea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Byzantines cry foul and end their <a href="/wiki/Military_alliance" title="Military alliance">alliance</a> with Hugh.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_I_Longsword" class="mw-redirect" title="William I Longsword">William I</a> ("Longsword"), duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a>, is ambushed and assassinated by supporters of <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_I,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Arnulf I, Count of Flanders">Arnulf I</a> ("the Great"), count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>, while the two are at a peace conference at <a href="/wiki/Picquigny" title="Picquigny">Picquigny</a> (on an island on the <a href="/wiki/Somme_(river)" title="Somme (river)">Somme</a>) to settle their differences.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William is succeeded by his 9-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy" title="Richard I of Normandy">Richard</a>.</li> <li>Winter – The Hungarians raid <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a> and descend into central Italy. Hugh of Provence grants them a large sum of <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> if they return to the Gothic March or Spain. The Hungarians refuse the offer and raid the countryside of <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, destroying the region of <a href="/wiki/Sabina_(region)" title="Sabina (region)">Sabina</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=942&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Edmund_I" title="Edmund I">Edmund I</a> moves with his army north to reconquer the <a href="/wiki/Five_Boroughs_of_the_Danelaw" title="Five Boroughs of the Danelaw">Five Boroughs</a> (the five main towns of Danish <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>) in modern-day <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> from the Norse-Irish king <a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_Cuar%C3%A1n" title="Amlaíb Cuarán">Olaf Sigtryggsson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brittanica_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brittanica-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idwal_Foel" title="Idwal Foel">Idwal Foel</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>, openly rebels against the overlordship of Edmund I. He and <a href="/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Merfyn" title="Llywelyn ap Merfyn">Llywelyn ap Merfyn</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Pows</a>, are killed fighting the English forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hywel_Dda" title="Hywel Dda">Hywel Dda</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Deheubarth" title="Deheubarth">Deheubarth</a>, annexes Gwynedd and Powys, to become the sole ruler of most of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=942&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mularaja" title="Mularaja">Mularaja</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Chaulukya Dynasty</a>, supplants the last <a href="/wiki/Chavda_dynasty" title="Chavda dynasty">Chavda</a> ruler, Samanta-Simha, in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>). He founds an independent kingdom with his capital in <a href="/wiki/Patan,_Gujarat" title="Patan, Gujarat">Anahilapataka</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_3"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=942&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_3"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=942&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fall – Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_VIII" title="Pope Stephen VIII">Stephen VIII</a> tries to negotiate a peace that will end the <a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">feud</a> between <a href="/wiki/Alberic_II_of_Spoleto" title="Alberic II of Spoleto">Alberic II</a>, <i>de facto</i> ruler of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, and Hugh of Provence (his stepfather) but he dies after a 3-year reign. Stephen is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Marinus_II" title="Pope Marinus II">Marinus II</a> as the 128th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="943">943</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_943" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 943">AD 943</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_943&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_943&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_4"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=943&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_2"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=943&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – Allied with the <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Rus'</a>, a Hungarian army raids <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(theme)" title="Thrace (theme)">Thrace</a>. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I</a> buys peace, and accepts to pay a yearly <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> (protection money) to the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Hungarians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His frontiers now 'protected' on the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a>, Romanos sends a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> expeditionary force (80,000 men) led by general <a href="/wiki/John_Kourkouas" title="John Kourkouas">John Kourkouas</a> (his commander-in-chief) to invade northern <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_4"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=943&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_expeditions_of_the_Rus%27#Raid_of_943" title="Caspian expeditions of the Rus'">Caspian expeditions of the Rus'</a>: The Rus' under the <a href="/wiki/Varangians" title="Varangians">Varangian</a> prince <a href="/wiki/Igor_of_Kiev" title="Igor of Kiev">Igor I of Kiev</a> sail up the <a href="/wiki/Kura_(Caspian_Sea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kura (Caspian Sea)">Kura River</a>, deep into the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, and defeat the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Sallarid_dynasty" title="Sallarid dynasty">Sallarid</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Marzuban_ibn_Muhammad" title="Marzuban ibn Muhammad">Marzuban ibn Muhammad</a>. They capture the fortress city of <a href="/wiki/Barda,_Azerbaijan" title="Barda, Azerbaijan">Barda</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wels" title="Battle of Wels">Battle of Wels</a>: A joint <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavarian</a>–<a href="/wiki/Carantanians" title="Carantanians">Carantanian</a> army led by <a href="/wiki/Bertold,_Duke_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertold, Duke of Bavaria">Bertold</a> (duke of Bavaria) defeats the Hungarians near <a href="/wiki/Wels" title="Wels">Wels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a>), who are attacked at a crossing of the <a href="/wiki/Enns_(river)" title="Enns (river)">Enns River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Enns_(town)" title="Enns (town)">Ennsburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_2"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=943&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Edmund_I" title="Edmund I">Edmund I</a> ravages <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a> and defeats the Scottish king <a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Scotland" title="Constantine II of Scotland">Constantine II</a>, who has reigned as king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a> since <a href="/wiki/900" title="900">900</a>. Constantine, ruler of the 'Picts and Scots', abdicates to enter a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> and yields control of his realm to his cousin <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_I_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm I of Scotland">Malcolm I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Bridge_(Crowland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Bridge (Crowland)">Trinity Bridge</a> at <a href="/wiki/Crowland" title="Crowland">Crowland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> is described, in the 'Charter of Eadred'.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="944">944</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_944" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 944">AD 944</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_944&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_944&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_5"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=944&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_3"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=944&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Arab–Byzantine wars">Arab–Byzantine War</a>: Byzantine forces are defeated by <a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Dawla" title="Sayf al-Dawla">Sayf al-Dawla</a>. He captures the city of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, and extends his control over the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Al-Jazira–Upper Mesopotamia</a> region. Al-Dawla's rule is recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Ikhshidid_dynasty" title="Ikhshidid dynasty">Ikhshidids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold44_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold44-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the recovery of <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a>, the Greeks also obtain the fabled <a href="/wiki/Image_of_Edessa" title="Image of Edessa">Image of Edessa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – The "Holy <i><a href="/wiki/Image_of_Edessa" title="Image of Edessa">Mandylion</a></i>" (a cloth with the face of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) is conveyed to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, where it arrives on the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition of the Theotokos</a>. A triumphal entry is staged for the <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relic</a> in the capital.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I</a> is arrested and deposed after a 14-year reign by his own sons, the co-emperors <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine</a>. He is carried off to the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Islands">Prince Islands</a> and forced to become a <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_5"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=944&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh of Provence</a> dispatches an embassy to King <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Frankish Kingdom</a>, offering a large sum of cash if he promises not to provide assistance to <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy" title="Berengar II of Italy">Berengar of Ivrea</a>. Otto refuses this offer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Pons,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Raymond Pons, Count of Toulouse">Raymond III</a> (or Pons I), count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Toulouse" title="County of Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, travels to <a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (southeast of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>) to declare his <a href="/wiki/Fidelity" title="Fidelity">fidelity</a> to king <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a> ("d'Outremer"). He is granted the title 'prince of the Aquitanians' by the king.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The largest recorded epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Ergotism" title="Ergotism">ergotism</a>, also known as "Saint Anthony's Fire, kills 40,000 people in France.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_3"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=944&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Edmund_I" title="Edmund I">Edmund I</a> regains (with the help of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> settlers) the territory he ceded to <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Guthfrithson" title="Olaf Guthfrithson">Olaf Guthfrithson</a>. He conquers <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Northumbria">Northumbria</a> and cedes <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> to <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_I_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm I of Scotland">Malcolm I</a>, king of the 'Picts and Scots'.</li> <li>A great <a href="/wiki/Storm" title="Storm">storm</a> sweeps across <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> and many houses are destroyed, 1,500 in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> alone (a significant proportion of the town).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=944&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abu Yazid</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" class="mw-redirect" title="Khawarij">Kharijite</a> <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a> leader, launches a rebellion in the <a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s_Mountains" title="Aurès Mountains">Aurès Mountains</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) against the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatamids</a>, seeking aid from the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a> in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>.</li> <li>The cities of <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miliana" title="Miliana">Miliana</a> are re-founded by the <a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty" title="Zirid dynasty">Zirid</a> ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Buluggin_ibn_Ziri" title="Buluggin ibn Ziri">Buluggin ibn Ziri</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_4"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=944&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_4"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=944&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Al-Askari_Shrine" title="Al-Askari Shrine">Al-Askari Mosque</a> is built in <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="945">945</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_945" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 945">AD 945</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_945&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_945&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_6"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=945&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_4"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=945&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – The co-emperors <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine</a> are overthrown barely a month after deposing their father, <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I</a>. With the help of his wife, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a> becomes sole emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. He appoints to the highest army commands four members of the <a href="/wiki/Phokas_(Byzantine_family)" title="Phokas (Byzantine family)">Phokas</a> family, which have been in disgrace under Romanos.</li> <li>Constantine VII concludes a <a href="/wiki/Rus%27%E2%80%93Byzantine_Treaty_(945)" title="Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (945)">Rus'–Byzantine treaty</a> in which Rus' <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">merchants</a> are to conduct their <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. While many Rus' make their fortunes in trade with the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslims" title="Arab Muslims">Arab Muslims</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rurik_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rurik dynasty">Rurik Dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> grows rich from Byzantine commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_6"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=945&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy" title="Berengar II of Italy">Berengar of Ivrea</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> with hired <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombard</a> troops and takes up residence in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. Berengar proceeds to <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, where he is joined by forces of Count <a href="/wiki/Milo_of_Verona" title="Milo of Verona">Milo</a> and other partisans.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh of Provence</a> lays <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vignola" title="Vignola">Vignola</a> to put an end to Berengar's advance. But to no avail, as Berengar of Ivrea is hailed throughout northern Italy as a liberator, and Hugh flees to <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – Hugh of Provence abdicates the throne in favor of his son <a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair II</a> (who has been co-ruler since <a href="/wiki/931" title="931">931</a>) and is acclaimed as sole king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Lombardia</a>. Hugh is allowed to retire in <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_of_Kiev" title="Igor of Kiev">Igor I</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>, is killed while collecting <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Drevlians" title="Drevlians">Drevlians</a> and is succeeded by his three-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_I_of_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Sviatoslav I of Kiev">Sviatoslav I</a>. His mother <a href="/wiki/Olga_of_Kiev" title="Olga of Kiev">Olga</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> and the official ruler.</li> <li>Summer – King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a> ("d'Outremer") is captured by the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> and handed over to <a href="/wiki/Hugh_the_Great" title="Hugh the Great">Hugh the Great</a>. In return for the release of Louis, <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> surrenders to him in compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd-ar-Rahman_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd-ar-Rahman III">Abd-al-Rahman III</a> occupies the palace of <a href="/wiki/Medina_Azahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Medina Azahara">Medina Azahara</a> (called "the shining city") as the new capital of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_4"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=945&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Edmund_I" title="Edmund I">Edmund I</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a>, forms an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_I_of_Scotland" title="Malcolm I of Scotland">Malcolm I</a> (king of the 'Picts and Scots') and cedes <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> to him.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Hywel_Dda" title="Hywel Dda">Hywel Dda</a> ("the Good") convenes a conference at <a href="/wiki/Whitland" title="Whitland">Whitland</a>, which draws up a standardized code of <a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">laws</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=945&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – <a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Dawla" title="Sayf al-Dawla">Sayf al-Dawla</a> is defeated by Muslim forces under <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Tughj_al-Ikhshid" title="Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid">Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid</a> near <a href="/wiki/Qinnasrin" title="Qinnasrin">Qinnasrin</a>. He is forced to abandon his Syrian domains and flees to <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>. In October the two men come to an agreement, which recognizes <a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanid</a> rule over northern <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Syria</a>, founding the <a href="/wiki/Aleppo#Medieval_period" title="Aleppo">Emirate of Aleppo</a>.</li> <li>Winter – Muslim forces under <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Dawla" title="Nasir al-Dawla">Nasir al-Dawla</a> capture <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> and restore Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Muttaqi" title="Al-Muttaqi">Al-Muttaqi</a> to power again. Al-Dawla establishes himself as <i><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-umara" title="Amir al-umara">amir al-umara</a></i>, or <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> regent of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=945&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Autumn – The <a href="/wiki/Min_(Ten_Kingdoms)" title="Min (Ten Kingdoms)">Min Kingdom</a> is destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a>. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Jing (Southern Tang)">Yuan Zong</a> expands its domains beyond those of the former <a href="/wiki/Wu_(Ten_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (Ten Kingdoms)">Wu Kingdom</a>. He annexes Min territory into its own boundaries.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_5"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=945&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_5"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=945&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan">Dunstan</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> of <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Abbey" title="Glastonbury Abbey">Glastonbury Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>. He re-creates <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">monastic life</a> by establishing <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine</a> monasticism in the <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="946">946</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_946" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 946">AD 946</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_946&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_946&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_7"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=946&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_7"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=946&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – King <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> invades the <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Frankish Kingdom</a> with an expeditionary force, but his armies are not strong enough to take the key cities of <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. After three months, Otto ends his campaign without defeating his rival <a href="/wiki/Hugh_the_Great" title="Hugh the Great">Hugh the Great</a>. He manages to depose <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Vermandois_(bishop)" title="Hugh of Vermandois (bishop)">Hugh of Vermandois</a> from his position as archbishop of Reims, restoring <a href="/wiki/Artald_of_Reims" title="Artald of Reims">Artald of Reims</a> to his former office.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_5"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=946&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Edmund_I" title="Edmund I">Edmund I</a> is murdered at age 25 by an outlawed robber while attending <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">St. Augustine</a>'s Day <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">mass</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pucklechurch" title="Pucklechurch">Pucklechurch</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a>). He is succeeded by his brother <a href="/wiki/Eadred" title="Eadred">Eadred</a> (or Edred) as king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_2"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=946&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi" title="Al-Mustakfi">Al-Mustakfi</a> is blinded and deposed by Emir <a href="/wiki/Mu%27izz_al-Dawla" title="Mu'izz al-Dawla">Mu'izz al-Dawla</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid Empire</a>. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Al-Muti" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muti">Al-Muti</a> and becomes only a figurehead (with the Buyid Dynasty as dominate rule) of the once-powerful <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> while he tries to restore peace.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(946)" title="Battle of Baghdad (946)">Battle of Baghdad</a>: Along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>, Buyid forces under Mu'izz al-Dawla defeat the <a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanids</a> for control of the city. They are forced to pay <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> revenues and agree to recognize Al-Muti as the legitimate caliph.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Japan_2"> Japan</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=946&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suzaku" title="Emperor Suzaku">Emperor Suzaku</a> abdicates the <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a> after a 16-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Murakami" title="Emperor Murakami">Murakami</a>, who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_6"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=946&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_6"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=946&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Marinus_II" title="Pope Marinus II">Pope Marinus II</a> dies at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> after a four-year reign. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_II" title="Pope Agapetus II">Agapetus II</a> and elected with the support of the Roman despot <a href="/wiki/Alberic_II_of_Spoleto" title="Alberic II of Spoleto">Alberic II</a>. Agapetus is installed as the 129th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Volcanology"> Volcanology</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=946&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Volcanology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Super-colossal (<a href="/wiki/VEI-7" class="mw-redirect" title="VEI-7">VEI-7</a>) <a href="/wiki/946_eruption_of_Paektu_Mountain" title="946 eruption of Paektu Mountain">946 AD Eruption of Paektu Mountain</a> on the modern <a href="/wiki/North_Korea-China_border" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea-China border">North Korea-China border</a> the eruption was one of the most violent in the past 10,000 years along with <a href="/wiki/Kurile_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurile lake">KO eruption in 8th Millennium BC</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Mount_Mazama" title="Mount Mazama">Crater lake's eruption in 7th Millennium BC</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Akahoya_eruption" title="Akahoya eruption">Kikai caldera's Akahoya eruption in 5th Millennium BC</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Minoan_eruption" title="Minoan eruption">Thera or Santorini's eruption in 2nd Millennium BC</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Hatepe_eruption" title="Hatepe eruption">Lake Taupo's Hatepe eruption</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ilopango" title="Lake Ilopango">Lake Ilopango's eruption in around 535 and 536</a>, The <a href="/wiki/1257_eruption_of_Mount_Samalas" class="mw-redirect" title="1257 eruption of Mount Samalas">1257 eruption of Mount Samalas</a>, The <a href="/wiki/1452/1453_mystery_eruption" title="1452/1453 mystery eruption">mystery eruption in 1453</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1815_eruption_of_Mount_Tambora" title="1815 eruption of Mount Tambora">1815 Tambora eruption</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="947">947</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_947" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 947">AD 947</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_947&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_947&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_8"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=947&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_8"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=947&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Summer – A <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Hungarian</a> army led by Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Taksony_of_Hungary" title="Taksony of Hungary">Taksony</a> campaigns in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a>, heading southwards on the eastern shore of the peninsula. It besieges <a href="/wiki/Larino" title="Larino">Larino</a> and reaches <a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Otranto</a>, plundering <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> for three months.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy" title="Berengar II of Italy">Berengar of Ivrea</a> negotiates a truce and offers them a massive <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> (for which he imposes a special <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a>).</li> <li>Winter – King <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> cedes the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Duchy of Bavaria</a> to his brother <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry I, Duke of Bavaria">Henry I</a>. To secure his rule, Henry is married to <a href="/wiki/Judith,_Duchess_of_Bavaria" title="Judith, Duchess of Bavaria">Judith</a>, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf I</a> ("the Bad"), and appoints a series of <a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">counts palatine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_6"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=947&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horsham" title="Horsham">Horsham</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a> on the upper reaches of the <a href="/wiki/River_Arun" title="River Arun">Aran River</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>, is first mentioned in 'King <a href="/wiki/Eadred" title="Eadred">Eadred</a>'s land charter' (see <a href="/wiki/History_of_Horsham" title="History of Horsham">History of Horsham</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arabian_Empire_3"> Arabian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=947&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Arabian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abu Yazid</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Khawarij" class="mw-redirect" title="Khawarij">Kharijite</a> <a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a> leader who has led a rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a>, is defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Hodna_Mountains" title="Hodna Mountains">Hodna Mountains</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>). Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah</a> sets about restoring the Fatimid dominion over <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China_2"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=947&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Taizong of Liao">Tai Zong</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao Dynasty</a> invades the <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties</a>), resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin. Khitan forces head southwards to the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>, but must return to their base in present-day <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> in May after Tai Zong dies of an illness.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a> is founded by <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhiyuan" title="Liu Zhiyuan">Liu Zhiyuan</a>, the military governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Bing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing Province">Bingzhou</a>. He declares himself emperor (formally called Gaozu) and establishes the capital in Bian, present-day <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_7"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=947&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Literature_2"> Literature</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=947&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">Al-Masudi</a>, an Arab <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a> and geographer, completes his large-scale work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Meadows_of_Gold" title="The Meadows of Gold">The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems</a></i>, a historical book about the beginning of the world, starting with <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="948">948</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_948" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 948">AD 948</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_948&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_948&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_9"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=948&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_5"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=948&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Byzantine_wars#Byzantine_resurgence,_863–11th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Byzantine wars">Arab–Byzantine War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanid</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Dawla" title="Sayf al-Dawla">Sayf al-Dawla</a> raid into <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a> respond with reprisals led by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Phokas_the_Younger" title="Leo Phokas the Younger">Leo Phokas the Younger</a>, taking captives and razing the walls of <a href="/wiki/Hadath" title="Hadath">Hadath</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_9"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=948&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Two <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Hungarian</a> armies invade <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Carinthia</a>. One of them is defeated at <a href="/wiki/Flo%C3%9F" title="Floß">Flozzun</a> in the <a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Nordgau" class="mw-redirect" title="March of the Nordgau">Nordgau</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry I, Duke of Bavaria">Henry I</a>, duke of Bavaria.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> appoints his son <a href="/wiki/Liudolf,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Liudolf, Duke of Swabia">Liudolf</a> as duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Swabia</a>, consolidating <a href="/wiki/Ottonian_dynasty" title="Ottonian dynasty">Ottonian</a> dominance in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Germany" title="Southern Germany">Southern Germany</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunifred_II,_Count_of_Urgell" title="Sunifred II, Count of Urgell">Sunifred II of Urgell</a> dies without descendants and is succeeded by his nephew <a href="/wiki/Borrell_II,_Count_of_Barcelona" class="mw-redirect" title="Borrell II, Count of Barcelona">Borrell II</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="England_7"> England</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=948&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Eadred" title="Eadred">Eadred</a> ravages <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Northumbria">Northumbria</a> and burns down <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">St. Wilfrid</a>'s church at <a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a>. On his way home, he sustains heavy losses at <a href="/wiki/Castleford" title="Castleford">Castleford</a>. Eadred manages to check his rivals, and the Northumbrians are forced to pay him compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_School_(Hertfordshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans School (Hertfordshire)">St. Albans School</a> is founded in Hertfordshire.<sup id="cite_ref-FIK_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FIK-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Africa_2"> Africa</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=948&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_ibn_Ali_al-Kalbi" title="Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi">al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi</a> suppress the rebellion in <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> and swiftly seize the island. Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah</a> appoints Ali al-Kalbi as emir of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Sicily</a>, beginning the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Kalbids" title="Kalbids">Kalbid dynasty</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nri" title="Kingdom of Nri">Kingdom of Nri</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>) is founded by the priest-king <a href="/wiki/Eri_(king)" title="Eri (king)">Eri</a> (until <a href="/wiki/1041" title="1041">1041</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Nrilist_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nrilist-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China_3"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=948&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzong" title="Qian Hongzong">Qian Hongzong</a> is deposed by general <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jinsi" title="Hu Jinsi">Hu Jinsi</a> during a coup. He establishes his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Qian_Chu" title="Qian Chu">Qian Chu</a> as ruler of <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_8"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=948&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Literature_3"> Literature</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=948&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Kintada" title="Minamoto no Kintada">Minamoto no Kintada</a>, a Japanese official and <i><a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">waka</a></i> poet, dies. He is a respected nobleman at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Court_in_Kyoto" title="Imperial Court in Kyoto">imperial court</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Six_Immortals_of_Poetry" title="Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry">Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_7"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=948&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Otto I establishes the missionary dioceses of <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Brandenburg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Havelberg" title="Bishopric of Havelberg">Havelberg</a> in the territory of the <i><a href="/wiki/Marca_Geronis" title="Marca Geronis">Marca Geronis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Saxon_Eastern_March" title="Saxon Eastern March">Saxon Eastern March</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nallur_Kandaswamy_temple" title="Nallur Kandaswamy temple">Nallur Kandaswamy temple</a>, one of the most significant <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temples</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jaffna_District" title="Jaffna District">Jaffna District</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>), is built.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_School,_Hertfordshire" title="St Albans School, Hertfordshire">St Albans School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> is founded by <a href="/wiki/Wulsin_(Abbot_Ulsinus)" title="Wulsin (Abbot Ulsinus)">Wulsin</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Albans_Cathedral" title="St Albans Cathedral">St Alban's Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="949">949</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_949" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 949">AD 949</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_949&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_949&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_10"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=949&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_6"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=949&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Byzantine_wars#Byzantine_resurgence,_863-11th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Byzantine wars">Arab-Byzantine War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanid</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Dawla" title="Sayf al-Dawla">Sayf al-Dawla</a> raid into the <a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">theme</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lykandos" title="Lykandos">Lykandos</a>, but are defeated. The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a> counter-attack and seize <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Germanikeia</a>, defeating an army from <a href="/wiki/Tarsus_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarsus (city)">Tarsus</a>, and raiding as far south as <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>. General (<i><a href="/wiki/Strategos#Byzantine_use" title="Strategos">strategos</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kourkouas" title="Theophilos Kourkouas">Theophilos Kourkouas</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Theodosiopolis_(Armenia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosiopolis (Armenia)">Theodosiopolis</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a>) after a 7-month <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold949_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold949-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_10"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=949&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A Byzantine expeditionary force under <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Gongyles" title="Constantine Gongyles">Constantine Gongyles</a> attempts to re-conquer the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Saracens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracens">Saracens</a>. The expedition ends in a disastrous failure; the Byzantine camp is destroyed in a surprise attack. Gongyles himself barely escapes on his flagship.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold949_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold949-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_III" title="Abd al-Rahman III">Abd al-Rahman III</a> the <i><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliph</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a> declares <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a>, preparing a large army & conquers the city of <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a> in the extreme North of <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberia</a>. This raid shows to be one of the furthest raids Muslims in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> ever conducted, done as a show of strength of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Muslim State in Al-Andalus.</a></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Miroslav of Croatia">Miroslav</a> (or Miroslaus) is killed by <i><a href="/wiki/Ban_(title)" title="Ban (title)">Ban</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Pribina,_Ban_of_Croatia" title="Pribina, Ban of Croatia">Pribina</a> during a civil war started by his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kre%C5%A1imir_II_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Krešimir II of Croatia">Michael Krešimir II</a>, who succeeds him as ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatia</a>.</li> <li>Summer – The <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Hungarians</a> defeat a <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavarian</a> army at <a href="/wiki/Laa_an_der_Thaya" title="Laa an der Thaya">Laa</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Japan_3"> Japan</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=949&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Tadahira" title="Fujiwara no Tadahira">Fujiwara no Tadahira</a>, a politician and chancellor (<i><a href="/wiki/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku" title="Sesshō and Kampaku">kampaku</a></i>), dies at his native <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>. Having governed <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> as <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suzaku" title="Emperor Suzaku">Suzaku</a> since <a href="/wiki/930" title="930">930</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_clan" title="Fujiwara clan">Fujiwara clan</a> will continue to hold the regency until <a href="/wiki/1180" title="1180">1180</a>, controlling the imperial government.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=940s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Radi" title="Al-Radi">Al-Radi</a> Abbasid caliph</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_III" title="Abd al-Rahman III">Abd al-Rahman III</a> caliph of Córdoba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a> of Byzantium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muttaqi" title="Al-Muttaqi">Al-Muttaqi</a> caliph of Baghdad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi" title="Al-Mustakfi">Al-Mustakfi</a> caliph of Baghdad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">Al-Qa'im</a> of Fatimid dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah</a> of Fatimid dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muti" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muti">Al-Muti</a> caliph of Baghdad</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/940" title="940">940</a>, <a href="/wiki/941" title="941">941</a>, <a href="/wiki/942" title="942">942</a>, <a href="/wiki/943" title="943">943</a>, <a href="/wiki/944" title="944">944</a>, <a href="/wiki/945" title="945">945</a>, <a href="/wiki/946" title="946">946</a>, <a href="/wiki/947" title="947">947</a>, <a href="/wiki/948" title="948">948</a>, and <a href="/wiki/949" title="949">949</a></div> <p><b>940</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Wafa%27_Buzjani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani">Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematics in medieval Islam">mathematician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">astronomer</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/998" title="998">998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdollah_ibn_Bukhtishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu">Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu</a>, Syrian <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> and scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1058" title="1058">1058</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Mahmud_Khojandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu-Mahmud Khojandi">Abu-Mahmud Khojandi</a>, Persian astronomer and mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_1000" title="AD 1000">1000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Sahl_al-Q%C5%ABh%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Sahl al-Qūhī">Abū Sahl al-Qūhī</a>, Persian mathematician and <a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">physicist</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide-Blanche_of_Anjou" title="Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou">Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou</a>, French queen and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1026" title="1026">1026</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a>, Muslim theologian and <a href="/wiki/Faq%C4%ABh" title="Faqīh">jurist</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_III,_Count_of_Flanders" title="Baldwin III, Count of Flanders">Baldwin III</a> ("the Young"), Frankish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavundaraya" title="Chavundaraya">Chavundaraya</a>, Indian general, architect and <a href="/wiki/Indian_poetry" title="Indian poetry">poet</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/989" title="989">989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Dalassenos" title="Damian Dalassenos">Damian Dalassenos</a>, Byzantine governor (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadwig" title="Eadwig">Eadwig</a> ("the All-Fair"), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>, Persian poet and author (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_El_Mozahem" title="George El Mozahem">George El Mozahem</a>, Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/969" title="969">969</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za,_Grand_Prince_of_the_Hungarians" title="Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians">Géza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_the_Hungarians" title="Grand Prince of the Hungarians">Grand Prince of the Hungarians</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Ivrea" title="Guy of Ivrea">Guy</a> (or <b>Guido</b>), margrave of <a href="/wiki/March_of_Ivrea" title="March of Ivrea">Ivrea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/965" title="965">965</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry III, Duke of Bavaria">Henry III</a> ("the Younger"), duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold I, Margrave of Austria">Leopold I</a>, margrave of <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Austria" title="Margraviate of Austria">Austria</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I,_Margrave_of_the_Nordmark" title="Lothair I, Margrave of the Nordmark">Lothair I</a>, margrave of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Nordmark</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Notker of Liège">Notker of Liège</a>, French bishop and <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">prince-bishop</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1008" title="1008">1008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayman_al-Ghazzi" title="Sulayman al-Ghazzi">Sulayman al-Ghazzi</a>, Arab poet and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Gaza">bishop of Gaza</a> (approximate date)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subh_of_Cordoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Subh of Cordoba">Subh of Córdoba</a>, mother and regent of <a href="/wiki/Hisham_II" title="Hisham II">Hisham II</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorgeir_Ljosvetningagodi" title="Thorgeir Ljosvetningagodi">Thorgeir Ljosvetningagodi</a>, Icelandic <a href="/wiki/Lawspeaker" title="Lawspeaker">lawspeaker</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanandi" title="Vijayanandi">Vijayanandi</a>, Indian mathematician and astronomer (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willigis" title="Willigis">Willigis</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Archchancellor" title="Archchancellor">archchancellor</a> and archbishop (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhilda_of_Barking" title="Wulfhilda of Barking">Wulfhilda of Barking</a>, English nun and <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a> (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>941</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Boru" title="Brian Boru">Brian Boru</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a> (approximate date) (d. <a href="/wiki/1014" title="1014">1014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a>, first of the Capetian Kings of France (d. <a href="/wiki/996" title="996">996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a>, jurist and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1015" title="1015">1015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Ho%C3%A0n" title="Lê Hoàn">Lê Hoàn</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Early_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Early Lê dynasty">Early Lê Dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>) (d.<a href="/wiki/1005" title="1005">1005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair III</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Frankish Kingdom</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/986" title="986">986</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>942</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mu%27ayyad_al-Dawla" title="Mu'ayyad al-Dawla">Mu'ayyad al-Dawla</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid Dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/983" title="983">983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Tamemitsu" title="Fujiwara no Tamemitsu">Fujiwara no Tamemitsu</a>, Japanese statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/992" title="992">992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genshin" title="Genshin">Genshin</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a> scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1017" title="1017">1017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chang_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Chang (Southern Han)">Liu Chang</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/980" title="980">980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabuktigin" title="Sabuktigin">Sabuktigin</a>, emir of <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghazna</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabur_ibn_Ardashir" title="Sabur ibn Ardashir">Sabur ibn Ardashir</a>, Persian statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1025" title="1025">1025</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8F_H%C5%ADi" title="Sŏ Hŭi">Sŏ Hŭi</a>, Korean politician and <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/998" title="998">998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_I_of_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Sviatoslav I of Kiev">Sviatoslav I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Kiev" title="Grand Prince of Kiev">Grand Prince of Kiev</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Wang_(Taizu)" title="Empress Wang (Taizu)">Wang</a>, empress of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song Dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/963" title="963">963</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>943</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayang_Jingxuan" title="Dayang Jingxuan">Dayang Jingxuan</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen Buddhist</a> monk (d. <a href="/wiki/1027" title="1027">1027</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_Peaceful" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Peaceful">Edgar I</a> (<b>the Peaceful</b>), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Paris,_Duchess_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Paris, Duchess of Normandy">Emma of Paris</a>, duchess consort of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/968" title="968">968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Zur%27a" title="Ibn Zur'a">Ibn Zur'a</a>, Abbasid <a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">physician</a> and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1008" title="1008">1008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_France" title="Matilda of France">Matilda</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>944</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_I_(Samanid_emir)" title="Abd al-Malik I (Samanid emir)">Abd al-Malik I</a>, Samanid <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/961" title="961">961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_Ahmad" title="Al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad">Al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1020" title="1020">1020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Akimitsu" title="Fujiwara no Akimitsu">Fujiwara no Akimitsu</a>, Japanese bureaucrat (d. <a href="/wiki/1021" title="1021">1021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Sukemasa" title="Fujiwara no Sukemasa">Fujiwara no Sukemasa</a>, Japanese statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/998" title="998">998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Juljul" title="Ibn Juljul">Ibn Juljul</a>, Muslim <a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">physician</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VIII_bar_Abdoun" title="John VIII bar Abdoun">John VIII bar Abdoun</a>, patriarch of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Antioch" title="Church of Antioch">Antioch</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1033" title="1033">1033</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Otto, Duke of Burgundy">Otto</a> (or <b>Odo</b>), duke of <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/965" title="965">965</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>945</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbo_of_Fleury" title="Abbo of Fleury">Abbo of Fleury</a>, French monk and <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Aquitaine" title="Adelaide of Aquitaine">Adelaide of Aquitaine</a>, French queen consort (or <a href="/wiki/952" title="952">952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">Al-Muqaddasi</a>, Arab Muslim <a href="/wiki/Geographer" title="Geographer">geographer</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sijzi" title="Al-Sijzi">Al-Sijzi</a>, Persian astronomer and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematics in medieval Islam">mathematician</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1020" title="1020">1020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_the_Victorious" title="Eric the Victorious">Eric the Victorious</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_David_Hayyuj" title="Judah ben David Hayyuj">Judah ben David Hayyuj</a>, Jewish <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguist</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3ndur_%C3%AD_G%C3%B8tu" title="Tróndur í Gøtu">Tróndur í Gøtu</a>, Viking chieftain (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>946</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Henry I, Duke of Burgundy">Henry I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1002" title="1002">1002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_the_Good,_Count_of_Stade" title="Henry II the Good, Count of Stade">Henry II</a> ("the Good"), count of <a href="/wiki/Stade_(district)" title="Stade (district)">Stade</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1016" title="1016">1016</a>)</li> <li>Approximate date <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_II" title="Pope Sylvester II">Sylvester II</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1003" title="1003">1003</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora,_daughter_of_Constantine_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodora, daughter of Constantine VII">Theodora</a>, Byzantine empress consort</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>947</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadir" title="Al-Qadir">Al-Qadir</a>, Abbasid caliph of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1031" title="1031">1031</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Koshi" title="Fujiwara no Koshi">Fujiwara no Koshi</a>, Japanese empress (d. <a href="/wiki/979" title="979">979</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Raja_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Raja Chola I">Raja Raja Chola I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola Kingdom</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1014" title="1014">1014</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>948</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jingzong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Jingzong of Liao">Jing Zong</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao Dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/982" title="982">982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kang_Kam-ch%27an" title="Kang Kam-ch'an">Kang Kam-ch'an</a>, Korean official and general (d. <a href="/wiki/1031" title="1031">1031</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Al-Mufid" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid">Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">Twelver</a> <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> theologian (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Kuhi_of_Shiraz" title="Baba Kuhi of Shiraz">Baba Kuhi of Shiraz</a>, Persian <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> mystic and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1037" title="1037">1037</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Italy" title="Emma of Italy">Emma of Italy</a>, queen of the <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Frankish Kingdom</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yorimitsu" title="Minamoto no Yorimitsu">Minamoto no Yorimitsu</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1021" title="1021">1021</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>949</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Nagat%C5%8D" title="Fujiwara no Nagatō">Fujiwara no Nagatō</a>, Japanese bureaucrat and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">poet</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1009" title="1009">1009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebhard_of_Constance" title="Gebhard of Constance">Gebhard of Constance</a>, German bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/995" title="995">995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Sechnaill_mac_Domnaill" title="Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill">Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1022" title="1022">1022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathilde,_Abbess_of_Essen" title="Mathilde, Abbess of Essen">Mathilde</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a> and granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1011" title="1011">1011</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranna_(Kannada_poet)" title="Ranna (Kannada poet)">Ranna</a>, Kannada poet (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>) (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">Symeon</a> (the New Theologian), Byzantine monk and poet (d. 1022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_no_Naishi" title="Uma no Naishi">Uma no Naishi</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">waka</a> poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1011" title="1011">1011</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/940" title="940">940</a>, <a href="/wiki/941" title="941">941</a>, <a href="/wiki/942" title="942">942</a>, <a href="/wiki/943" title="943">943</a>, <a href="/wiki/944" title="944">944</a>, <a href="/wiki/945" title="945">945</a>, <a href="/wiki/946" title="946">946</a>, <a href="/wiki/947" title="947">947</a>, <a href="/wiki/948" title="948">948</a>, and <a href="/wiki/949" title="949">949</a></div> <p><b>940</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Masakado" title="Taira no Masakado">Taira no Masakado</a>, Japanese nobleman and <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eutychius_of_Alexandria" title="Eutychius of Alexandria">Eutychius</a>, patriarch of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/877" title="877">877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzun" title="Qian Hongzun">Qian Hongzun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/925" title="925">925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jianli" title="Wang Jianli">Wang Jianli</a>, Chinese general (b. <a href="/wiki/871" title="871">871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Muqla" title="Ibn Muqla">Ibn Muqla</a>, Abbasid <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">calligrapher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Li_Decheng" title="Li Decheng">Li Decheng</a>, Chinese general (b. <a href="/wiki/863" title="863">863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fan_Yanguang" title="Fan Yanguang">Fan Yanguang</a>, Chinese general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yao_Yi" title="Yao Yi">Yao Yi</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/866" title="866">866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fadl_al-Bal%27ami" title="Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami">Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami</a>, Samanid vizier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ar-Radi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar-Radi">Ar-Radi</a>, Abbasid caliph (b. <a href="/wiki/909" title="909">909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Makan_ibn_Kaki" title="Makan ibn Kaki">Makan ibn Kaki</a>, Daylamite <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atenulf_II_of_Benevento" title="Atenulf II of Benevento">Atenulf II</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Benevento</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">Capua</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faelan_mac_Muiredach" title="Faelan mac Muiredach">Faelan mac Muiredach</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abd_Rabbih" title="Ibn Abd Rabbih">Ibn Abd Rabbih</a>, Moorish writer and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/860" title="860">860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyapala" title="Rajyapala">Rajyapala</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala Dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Lian_(prince)" title="Yang Lian (prince)">Yang Lian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wu_(Ten_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (Ten Kingdoms)">Wu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Kingdoms">Ten Kingdoms</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Guangyi_(Southern_Han)" title="Zhao Guangyi (Southern Han)">Zhao Guangyi</a>, Chinese official and chancellor</li></ul> <p><b>941</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yanhan" title="Zhang Yanhan">Zhang Yanhan</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/884" title="884">884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wulfhelm" title="Wulfhelm">Wulfhelm</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bajkam" title="Bajkam">Bajkam</a>, Turkish military commander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Muhammad" title="Abu Bakr Muhammad">Abu Bakr Muhammad</a>, Muslim governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Sumitomo" title="Fujiwara no Sumitomo">Fujiwara no Sumitomo</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgen_II_of_Tao" title="Gurgen II of Tao">Gurgen II</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Tao-Klarjeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Tao-Klarjeti">Tao-Klarjeti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayavarman_IV" title="Jayavarman IV">Jayavarman IV</a>, Angkorian king (<a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ya%27qub_al-Kulayni" title="Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni">Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni</a>, Persian scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/864" title="864">864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Guthfrithson" title="Olaf Guthfrithson">Olaf Guthfrithson</a>, Viking leader and king<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93rlaith_%C3%ADngen_Cenn%C3%A9tig" title="Órlaith íngen Cennétig">Órlaith íngen Cennétig</a>, Irish queen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Yuanguan" title="Qian Yuanguan">Qian Yuanguan</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/887" title="887">887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaki" title="Rudaki">Rudaki</a> ("Adam of Poets"), Persian <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature#Persian_literature_of_the_medieval_and_pre-modern_periods" title="Persian literature">poet</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/858" title="858">858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dingbao" title="Wang Dingbao">Wang Dingbao</a>, Chinese chancellor (b. <a href="/wiki/870" title="870">870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Sun" title="Zhao Sun">Zhao Sun</a>, Chinese official and chancellor</li></ul> <p><b>942</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/An_Chongrong" title="An Chongrong">An Chongrong</a>, Chinese general (<a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties">Five Dynasties</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ra%27iq" title="Muhammad ibn Ra'iq">Muhammad ibn Ra'iq</a>, Abbasid <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(emperor)" title="Liu Yan (emperor)">Liu Yan</a>, emperor of Southern Han (b. <a href="/wiki/889" title="889">889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/892" title="892">892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Liu_(Later_Jin)" title="Empress Dowager Liu (Later Jin)">Liu</a>, empress dowager of Later Jin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Cluny" title="Odo of Cluny">Odo of Cluny</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_I_Longsword" class="mw-redirect" title="William I Longsword">William I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a> (b.c. <a href="/wiki/893" title="893">893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Congjin" title="An Congjin">An Congjin</a>, Chinese general and governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulk_I,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Fulk I, Count of Anjou">Fulk I</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idwal_Foel" title="Idwal Foel">Idwal Foel</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Merfyn" title="Llywelyn ap Merfyn">Llywelyn ap Merfyn</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> (Wales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Participazio" title="Pietro Participazio">Pietro Participazio</a>, doge of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a>, Jewish philosopher and <a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_VIII" title="Pope Stephen VIII">Stephen VIII</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_the_Elder" title="Theobald the Elder">Theobald the Elder</a>, Frankish nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/854" title="854">854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigred,_Bishop_of_Chester-le-Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Wigred, Bishop of Chester-le-Street">Wigred</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Durham" title="Diocese of Durham">Chester-le-Street</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynsige" title="Wynsige">Wynsige</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lincoln" title="Diocese of Lincoln">Dorchester</a> (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>943</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Klarjeti" title="David I of Klarjeti">David I</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Tao-Klarjeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Tao-Klarjeti">Tao-Klarjeti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_II,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Herbert II, Count of Vermandois">Herbert II</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muirchertach_mac_N%C3%A9ill" title="Muirchertach mac Néill">Muirchertach mac Néill</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Northern_U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Northern Uí Néill">Ailech</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pi_Guangye" title="Pi Guangye">Pi Guangye</a>, chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/877" title="877">877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Li_Bian" title="Li Bian">Li Bian</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/889" title="889">889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Churang" title="Liu Churang">Liu Churang</a>, Chinese general (b. <a href="/wiki/881" title="881">881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_II" title="Nasr II">Nasr II</a>, Samanid emir (b. <a href="/wiki/906" title="906">906</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Landulf_I_of_Benevento" title="Landulf I of Benevento">Landulf I</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Benevento</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">Capua</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bin_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Bin (Southern Han)">Liu Bin</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/920" title="920">920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Atsutada" title="Fujiwara no Atsutada">Fujiwara no Atsutada</a>, Japanese nobleman (b. 906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taejo_of_Goryeo" title="Taejo of Goryeo">Wang Kon</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>) (b. 877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Motoyoshi" title="Prince Motoyoshi">Motoyoshi</a>, Japanese nobleman and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">poet</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/890" title="890">890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Empress_Liu_(Li_Maozhen%27s_wife)" title="Empress Liu (Li Maozhen's wife)">Liu</a>, empress of <a href="/wiki/Qi_(Li_Maozhen%27s_state)" title="Qi (Li Maozhen's state)">Qi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Kingdoms">Ten Kingdoms</a>) (b. 877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Zhongda" title="Cao Zhongda">Cao Zhongda</a>, official and chancellor of Wuyue (b. <a href="/wiki/882" title="882">882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagik_I_of_Vaspurakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gagik I of Vaspurakan">Gagik I of Vaspurakan</a>, Armenian king (or <a href="/wiki/936" title="936">936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Honggao" title="Liu Honggao">Liu Honggao</a>, chancellor of Southern Han (b. <a href="/wiki/923" title="923">923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinan_ibn_Thabit" title="Sinan ibn Thabit">Sinan ibn Thabit</a>, Persian physician (b. <a href="/wiki/880" title="880">880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urchadh_mac_Murchadh" title="Urchadh mac Murchadh">Urchadh mac Murchadh</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Maigh_Se%C3%B3la" title="Maigh Seóla">Maigh Seóla</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jie_(Southern_Tang)" title="Xu Jie (Southern Tang)">Xu Jie</a>, Chinese officer and chancellor (b. <a href="/wiki/868" title="868">868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yuxian" title="Zhang Yuxian">Zhang Yuxian</a>, Chinese rebel leader (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>944</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lin_Ding" title="Lin Ding">Lin Ding</a>, Chinese official and chancellor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanxi" title="Wang Yanxi">Wang Yanxi</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Min_(Ten_Kingdoms)" title="Min (Ten Kingdoms)">Min</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Kingdoms">Ten Kingdoms</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wichmann_the_Elder" title="Wichmann the Elder">Wichmann the Elder</a>, Frankish nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a>, Muslim theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/853" title="853">853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Tahir al-Jannabi">Abu Tahir al-Jannabi</a>, Qarmatian ruler (b. <a href="/wiki/906" title="906">906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choe_Eon-wui" class="mw-redirect" title="Choe Eon-wui">Choe Eon-wui</a>, Korean minister and <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligrapher</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/868" title="868">868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnchad_Donn" title="Donnchad Donn">Donnchad Donn</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_Siping" title="Duan Siping">Duan Siping</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Dali_Kingdom" title="Dali Kingdom">Dali</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Gao" title="Fang Gao">Fang Gao</a>, Chinese official and chief of staff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaithbertach_mac_Inmain%C3%A9n" title="Flaithbertach mac Inmainén">Flaithbertach mac Inmainén</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harshavarman_II" title="Harshavarman II">Harshavarman II</a>, Angkorian king</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Li_(Wang_Yanxi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Li (Wang Yanxi)">Li</a>, empress of <a href="/wiki/Min_(Ten_Kingdoms)" title="Min (Ten Kingdoms)">Min</a> (Ten Kingdoms)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Hongchang" title="Liu Hongchang">Liu Hongchang</a>, Chinese chancellor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahipala_I" title="Mahipala I">Mahipala I</a>, Gurjara-Pratihara king</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngo_Quyen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngo Quyen">Ngo Quyen</a>, Vietnamese king</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yacheng" title="Wang Yacheng">Wang Yacheng</a>, Chinese prince</li></ul> <p><b>945</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yang_Guangyuan" title="Yang Guangyuan">Yang Tan</a>, Chinese general and governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lian_Chongyu" title="Lian Chongyu">Lian Chongyu</a>, Chinese general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wenjin" title="Zhu Wenjin">Zhu Wenjin</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Min_(Ten_Kingdoms)" title="Min (Ten Kingdoms)">Min</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Kingdoms">Ten Kingdoms</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ki_no_Tsurayuki" title="Ki no Tsurayuki">Ki no Tsurayuki</a>, Japanese writer and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">poet</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/872" title="872">872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zhuo_Yanming" title="Zhuo Yanming">Zhuo Yanming</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Buddhist monk</a> and emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hyejong_of_Goryeo" title="Hyejong of Goryeo">Hyejong</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>) (b. <a href="/wiki/912" title="912">912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Hasan_al-Hamdani" title="Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani">Abu Muhammad al-Hasan</a>, Arab Muslim <a href="/wiki/Geographer" title="Geographer">geographer</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/893" title="893">893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adarnase_II_of_Klarjeti" title="Adarnase II of Klarjeti">Adarnase II</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Tao-Klarjeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Tao-Klarjeti">Tao-Klarjeti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagrat_I_of_Tao" title="Bagrat I of Tao">Bagrat I</a>, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Nakahira" title="Fujiwara no Nakahira">Fujiwara no Nakahira</a>, Japanese statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/875" title="875">875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_of_Kiev" title="Igor of Kiev">Igor I</a>, Varangian ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kre%C5%A1imir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Krešimir I of Croatia">Krešimir I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Fujin" title="Song Fujin">Song Fujin</a>, empress and wife of <a href="/wiki/Li_Bian" title="Li Bian">Li Bian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuzun_(amir_al-umara)" title="Tuzun (amir al-umara)">Tuzun</a>, Abbasid general and <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> ruler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jichang" title="Wang Jichang">Wang Jichang</a>, Chinese general and <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Sigong" title="Yang Sigong">Yang Sigong</a>, Chinese official and chancellor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Gongduo" title="Zhang Gongduo">Zhang Gongduo</a>, Chinese general and official</li></ul> <p><b>946</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eadgyth" title="Eadgyth">Eadgyth</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/910" title="910">910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah</a>, Fatimid caliph (b. <a href="/wiki/893" title="893">893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_I" title="Edmund I">Edmund I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/921" title="921">921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guaimar_II_of_Salerno" title="Guaimar II of Salerno">Guaimar II</a> (Gybbosus), Lombard prince</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Tughj_al-Ikhshid" title="Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid">Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Egypt in the Middle Ages">Egypt</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/882" title="882">882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Isa_al-Jarrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah">Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah</a>, Abbasid <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/859" title="859">859</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Xu_Xinyue" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Xu Xinyue">Lady Xu Xinyue</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Qian_Yuanguan" title="Qian Yuanguan">Qian Yuanguan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/902" title="902">902</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Li_Congyan" title="Li Congyan">Li Congyan</a>, Chinese general (b. <a href="/wiki/898" title="898">898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_bin_Yahya_al-Suli" title="Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli">Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli</a>, Abbasid scholar and <a href="/wiki/Shatranj" title="Shatranj">chess</a> player (b. <a href="/wiki/880" title="880">880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Shibli" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr Shibli">Abu Bakr Shibli</a>, Persian official and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/861" title="861">861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormacan_Eigeas" title="Cormacan Eigeas">Cormacan Eigeas</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Irish_poetry" title="Irish poetry">poet</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_al-Kumisi" title="Daniel al-Kumisi">Daniel Ben Moses al-Kumisi</a>, Jewish scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Sinan" title="Ibrahim ibn Sinan">Ibrahim ibn Sinan</a>, Abbasid <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/908" title="908">908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Rila" title="John of Rila">John of Rila</a>, Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marinus_II" title="Pope Marinus II">Marinus II</a>, pope of the Catholic Church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachilidis" title="Rachilidis">Rachilidis</a>, Swiss <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Benedict" title="Rule of Saint Benedict">Benedictine</a> hermit and saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeghishe_I" title="Yeghishe I">Yeghishe I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_All_Armenians" title="Catholicos of All Armenians">Catholicos of All Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Jiliang" title="Zhao Jiliang">Zhao Jiliang</a>, chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/883" title="883">883</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>947</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sang_Weihan" title="Sang Weihan">Sang Weihan</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Shumishi" title="Shumishi">chief of staff</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/898" title="898">898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yanze" title="Zhang Yanze">Zhang Yanze</a>, Chinese general and governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jing_Yanguang" title="Jing Yanguang">Jing Yanguang</a>, Chinese general (b. <a href="/wiki/892" title="892">892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Taizong of Liao">Tai Zong</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao Dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/902" title="902">902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ma_Xifan" title="Ma Xifan">Ma Xifan</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Chu_(Ten_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu (Ten Kingdoms)">Chu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Kingdoms">Ten Kingdoms</a>) (b. <a href="/wiki/899" title="899">899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Li_(Liao_dynasty)" title="Zhang Li (Liao dynasty)">Zhang Li</a>, official of the Liao Dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzuo" title="Qian Hongzuo">Qian Hongzuo</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/928" title="928">928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Congyi" title="Li Congyi">Li Congyi</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/931" title="931">931</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consort_Dowager_Wang" title="Consort Dowager Wang">Wang</a>, imperial consort of Later Tang</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abu Yazid</a>, Kharijite Berber leader (b. <a href="/wiki/873" title="873">873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Berthold,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Berthold, Duke of Bavaria">Berthold</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ce_Acatl_Topiltzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ce Acatl Topiltzin">Ce Acatl Topiltzin</a>, Toltec ruler (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh of Arles</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Burgundy" title="Lower Burgundy">Lower Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordi_(bishop_of_Vic)" title="Jordi (bishop of Vic)">Jordi</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Vic" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Vic">Vic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Renda" title="Li Renda">Li Renda</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a> and governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xu" title="Liu Xu">Liu Xu</a>, chancellor of Later Tang and <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/AD_888" title="AD 888">888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomais_of_Lesbos" title="Thomais of Lesbos">Thomais of Lesbos</a>, Byzantine saint (b. ca. 909)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfgar_of_Lichfield" title="Wulfgar of Lichfield">Wulfgar</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lichfield" title="Diocese of Lichfield">Lichfield</a> (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>948</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I</a>, Byzantine emperor (b. c. <a href="/wiki/870" title="870">870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhiyuan" title="Liu Zhiyuan">Liu Zhiyuan</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/895" title="895">895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Du_Chongwei" title="Du Chongwei">Du Chongwei</a>, Chinese general and governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jinsi" title="Hu Jinsi">Hu Jinsi</a>, Chinese general and prefect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ye_(Later_Shu)" title="Zhang Ye (Later Shu)">Zhang Ye</a>, Chinese general and <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Yanshou" title="Zhao Yanshou">Zhao Yanshou</a>, Chinese general and governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gao_Conghui" title="Gao Conghui">Gao Conghui</a>, prince and ruler of <a href="/wiki/Jingnan" title="Jingnan">Jingnan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/891" title="891">891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Li_Song_(politician)" title="Li Song (politician)">Li Song</a>, Chinese official and chancellor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_Guennoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qasim Guennoun">Al-Qasim Guennoun</a>, Idrisid ruler and <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A1caire_mac_Gofraid" title="Blácaire mac Gofraid">Blácaire mac Gofraid</a>, Viking king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dublin" title="Kingdom of Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gormflaith_ingen_Flann_Sinna" title="Gormflaith ingen Flann Sinna">Gormflaith ingen Flann Sinna</a>, Irish queen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Simjur" title="Ibrahim ibn Simjur">Ibrahim ibn Simjur</a>, Samanid governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Kintada" title="Minamoto no Kintada">Minamoto no Kintada</a>, Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">waka</a></i> poet (b. <a href="/wiki/889" title="889">889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunifred_II,_Count_of_Urgell" title="Sunifred II, Count of Urgell">Sunifred II</a>, count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Urgell" title="County of Urgell">Urgell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) (b. c. 870)</li></ul> <p><b>949</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Godfrey,_Count_Palatine_of_Lotharingia" class="mw-redirect" title="Godfrey, Count Palatine of Lotharingia">Godfrey</a>, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Li_Shouzhen" title="Li Shouzhen">Li Shouzhen</a>, Chinese general and governor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Tadahira" title="Fujiwara no Tadahira">Fujiwara no Tadahira</a>, Japanese statesman and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/880" title="880">880</a>)</li> <li>September/October – <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi" title="Al-Mustakfi">Abdallah ibn al-Mustakfi</a>, Abbasid caliph (b. <a href="/wiki/905" title="905">905</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg/113px-Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg/170px-Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg/226px-Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yozei" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Yozei">Emperor Yozei</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>December – <a href="/wiki/Imad_al-Dawla" title="Imad al-Dawla">Imad al-Dawla</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid dynasty</a> (Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Wetterau" title="Odo of Wetterau">Odo of Wetterau</a>, German nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herman_I,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Herman I, Duke of Swabia">Herman I</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Swabia</a></li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consort_Dowager_An" title="Consort Dowager An">An</a>, Chinese imperial consort (<a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadric,_Ealdorman_of_Wessex" title="Eadric, Ealdorman of Wessex">Eadric</a>, ealdorman of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeongjong,_3rd_monarch_of_Goryeo" title="Jeongjong, 3rd monarch of Goryeo">Jeongjong</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> (Korea) (b. <a href="/wiki/923" title="923">923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Miroslav of Croatia">Miroslav</a> (or Miroslaus), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatia</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Han_(Liao_dynasty)" title="Xiao Han (Liao dynasty)">Xiao Han</a>, general of the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunmen_Wenyan" title="Yunmen Wenyan">Yunmen Wenyan</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Tingyin" title="Zhao Tingyin">Zhao Tingyin</a>, general of <a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/883" title="883">883</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=940s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Turnbull2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull1998" class="citation book cs1">Turnbull, Stephen (1998). <i>The Samurai Sourcebook</i>. Cassell & Co. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1854095234" title="Special:BookSources/1854095234"><bdi>1854095234</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samurai+Sourcebook&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Cassell+%26+Co.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1854095234&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources give varying figures for the size of the Russian fleet. The number 10,000 ships appears in the <a href="/wiki/Primary_Chronicle" title="Primary Chronicle">Primary Chronicle</a> and in Greek sources, some of which put the figure as high as 15,000 ships. <a href="/wiki/Liutprand_of_Cremona" title="Liutprand of Cremona">Liutprand of Cremona</a> wrote that the fleet numbered only 1,000 ships; Liutprand's report is based on the account of his step-father who witnessed the attack while serving as envoy in Constantinople. Modern historians find the latter estimate to be the most credible. Runciman (1988), p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_Díez2005" class="citation book cs1">Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2005). <i>El condado de Castilla, 711–1038: la historia frente a la leyenda</i>. Marcial Pons Historia. pp. <span class="nowrap">372–</span>73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+condado+de+Castilla%2C+711%E2%80%931038%3A+la+historia+frente+a+la+leyenda&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E372-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.pub=Marcial+Pons+Historia&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+D%C3%ADez&rft.aufirst=Gonzalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liudprand, V, 16–17; R. Hitchcock, <i>Mozarabs in Medieval and Early Modern Spain</i> (Franham: Ashgate, 2008), p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicholas, <i>Medieval Flanders</i> (Longman Group UK Limited, London, 1992), p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brittanica-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brittanica_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmund I (king of England), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brittanica.com/EBchecked/topic/179333/">"Edmund-I"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Todd Cary (2012). <i>Road to Manzikert – Byanztine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071)</i>, p. 81. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184884-215-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-184884-215-1">978-184884-215-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles R. Bowlus. <i>The Battle of Lechfield and his Aftermath, August 955: The End of the Age of Migrations in the Latin West</i>. Ashgate (2006), p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woolf, <i>Pictland to Alba</i>, p. 175; Anderson, <i>Early Sources</i>, pp. 444-448; Broun, "Constantine II".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wheeler-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1896" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, W.H. (1896). <i>A history of the fens of South Lincolnshire</i> (2 ed.). Boston: J.M.Newcomb. p. 313.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+fens+of+South+Lincolnshire&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=313&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=J.M.Newcomb&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=W.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold44-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold44_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1997" class="citation cs2">Treadgold, Warren T. (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC"><i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i></a>, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, p. 486, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2630-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2630-6"><bdi>978-0-8047-2630-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=486&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-2630-6&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYbnr5XVbzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy Reuter (1999). <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III</i>, p. 429. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36447-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36447-8">978-0-521-36447-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lewis' Dictionary of Toxicology</i>, p. 286 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781566702232" title="Special:BookSources/9781566702232">9781566702232</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStratton1969" class="citation book cs1">Stratton, J.M. (1969). <i>Agricultural Records</i>. John Baker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-212-97022-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-212-97022-4"><bdi>0-212-97022-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agricultural+Records&rft.pub=John+Baker&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-212-97022-4&rft.aulast=Stratton&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy Reuter (1999). <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III</i>, p. 509. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36447-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36447-8">978-0-521-36447-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy Reuter (1999). <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III</i>, p. 385. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36447-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36447-8">978-0-521-36447-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterick1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rosamond_McKitterick" title="Rosamond McKitterick">McKitterick, Rosamond</a> (1983). <i>The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians</i>. Addison-Wesley Longman. p. 317. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-49005-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-49005-5"><bdi>978-0-582-49005-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frankish+Kingdoms+under+the+Carolingians&rft.pages=317&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Longman&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-582-49005-5&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Halloran, "A Murder at Pucklechurch: The Death of King Edmund I, 26 May 946". <i>Midland History</i>, Volume 40. Issue 1 (Spring 2015), pp. 120–129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bóna, István (2000). <i>The Hungarians and Europe in the 9th-10th centuries</i>. Budapest: Historia - MTA Történettudományi Intézete, p. 26. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-8312-67-X" title="Special:BookSources/963-8312-67-X">963-8312-67-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1997" class="citation cs2">Treadgold, Warren T. (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC"><i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford, CA">Stanford, CA</a>: Stanford University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">487–</span>489, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2"><bdi>0-8047-2630-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E487-%3C%2Fspan%3E489&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8047-2630-2&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYbnr5XVbzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bóna, István (2000). <i>The Hungarians and Europe in the 9th-10th centuries</i>. Budapest: Historia - MTA Történettudományi Intézete, p. 27. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-8312-67-X" title="Special:BookSources/963-8312-67-X">963-8312-67-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i> MS D, 948, but the <i>Historia Regum</i> gives 950.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FIK-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FIK_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F.I. Kilvington, A Short History of St Albans School (1986)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nrilist-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nrilist_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOnwuejeogwu1981" class="citation book cs1">Onwuejeogwu, M. Angulu (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hWm4AAAAIAAJ"><i>Igbo Civilization: Nri Kingdom & Hegemony</i></a>. Ethnographica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-905788-08-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-905788-08-7"><bdi>0-905788-08-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Igbo+Civilization%3A+Nri+Kingdom+%26+Hegemony&rft.pub=Ethnographica&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-905788-08-7&rft.aulast=Onwuejeogwu&rft.aufirst=M.+Angulu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhWm4AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold949-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold949_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold949_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1997" class="citation cs2">Treadgold, Warren T. (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC"><i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i></a>, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, p. 489, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2"><bdi>0-8047-2630-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=489&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8047-2630-2&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYbnr5XVbzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bóna, István (2000). <i>The Hungarians and Europe in the 9th-10th centuries</i>. Budapest: Historia - MTA Történettudományi Intézete, p. 27. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-8312-67-X" title="Special:BookSources/963-8312-67-X">963-8312-67-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoble2010" class="citation book cs1">Noble, Samuel (17 December 2010). "Sulayman al-Ghazzi". In Thomas, David; Mallett, Alexander (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G-R5DwAAQBAJ"><i>Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900-1050)</i></a>. BRILL. p. 617. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-21618-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-21618-1"><bdi>978-90-04-21618-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sulayman+al-Ghazzi&rft.btitle=Christian-Muslim+Relations.+A+Bibliographical+History.+Volume+2+%28900-1050%29&rft.pages=617&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010-12-17&rft.isbn=978-90-04-21618-1&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG-R5DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrence-MathersEscobar-Vargas2014" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence-Mathers, Anne; Escobar-Vargas, Carolina (2014). <i>Magic and medieval society</i>. Routledge. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408270509" title="Special:BookSources/9781408270509"><bdi>9781408270509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magic+and+medieval+society&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781408270509&rft.aulast=Lawrence-Mathers&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Escobar-Vargas%2C+Carolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEthelwerd1962" class="citation book cs1">Ethelwerd (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8D1nAAAAMAAJ"><i>The chronicle of Æthelweard</i></a>. Nelson. p. xiii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+chronicle+of+%C3%86thelweard&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Nelson&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Ethelwerd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8D1nAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLynch2011" class="citation book cs1">Lynch, Michael, ed. (February 24, 2011). <i>The Oxford companion to Scottish history</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199693054" title="Special:BookSources/9780199693054"><bdi>9780199693054</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+companion+to+Scottish+history&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft.isbn=9780199693054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalsall1996" class="citation book cs1">Halsall, Paul (1996). "Life of St. Thomais of Lesbos". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SaViaGCeiZIC"><i>Holy Women of Byzantium: Ten Saints' Lives in English Translation</i></a>. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-248-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-248-0"><bdi>978-0-88402-248-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Life+of+St.+Thomais+of+Lesbos&rft.btitle=Holy+Women+of+Byzantium%3A+Ten+Saints%27+Lives+in+English+Translation&rft.pages=291&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-248-0&rft.aulast=Halsall&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSaViaGCeiZIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBowen1928" class="citation book cs1">Bowen, Harold (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZM3AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Life and Times of ʿAlí Ibn ʿÍsà: The Good Vizier</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 385.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+%CA%BFAl%C3%AD+Ibn+%CA%BF%C3%8Ds%C3%A0%3A+The+Good+Vizier&rft.pages=385&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTZM3AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_Ralph_Preveden1962" class="citation book cs1">Francis Ralph Preveden (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gfsNAQAAMAAJ"><i>A History of the Croatian People from Their Arrival on the Shores of the Adriatic to the Present Day: Prehistory and early period until 1397 A.D</i></a>. Philosophical Library. p. 67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Croatian+People+from+Their+Arrival+on+the+Shores+of+the+Adriatic+to+the+Present+Day%3A+Prehistory+and+early+period+until+1397+A.D&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Francis+Ralph+Preveden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgfsNAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeata_Grant1994" class="citation book cs1">Beata Grant (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1ikRAAAAYAAJ"><i>Mount Lu Revisited: Buddhism in the Life and Writings of Su Shih</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1625-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1625-4"><bdi>978-0-8248-1625-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mount+Lu+Revisited%3A+Buddhism+in+the+Life+and+Writings+of+Su+Shih&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1625-4&rft.au=Beata+Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1ikRAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=940s&oldid=1270415786">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=940s&oldid=1270415786</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:940s" title="Category:940s">940s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 January 2025, at 12:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=940s&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">940s</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>80 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.canary-78bc856444-5qcpf","wgBackendResponseTime":236,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.916","walltime":"1.209","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12597,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":211049,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4972,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":99264,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 925.991 1 -total"," 32.73% 303.122 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.77% 238.640 1 Template:Events_by_year_for_decade"," 21.71% 201.049 1 Template:Decadebox"," 17.79% 164.733 14 Template:Cite_book"," 11.49% 106.393 49 Template:Dr-make"," 11.04% 102.250 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.71% 80.632 8 Template:ISBN"," 8.68% 80.331 1 Template:Births_and_deaths_by_year_for_decade"," 8.53% 79.021 29 Template:Dr"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.522","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6408408,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-dd5c8cc7b-9rb8j","timestamp":"20250318174626","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"940s","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/940s","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q83049","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q83049","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-14T18:29:13Z","dateModified":"2025-01-19T12:29:32Z","headline":"decade"}</script> </body> </html>