National Institute of Standards and Technology

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nist.gov/","20230210113305","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1676028785"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;(()=>{var e,t,r={9071:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>n});var n=0,i=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);i&&(n=+i[1])},6900:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";let n;if(r.d(t,{H:()=>i}),r(2374).il){const e=document.createElement("div");e.innerHTML="\x3c!--[if lte IE 6]><div></div><![endif]--\x3e\x3c!--[if lte IE 7]><div></div><![endif]--\x3e\x3c!--[if lte IE 8]><div></div><![endif]--\x3e\x3c!--[if lte IE 9]><div></div><![endif]--\x3e",n=e.getElementsByTagName("div").length}var i;i=4===n?6:3===n?7:2===n?8:1===n?9:0},6562:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P_:()=>h,Mt:()=>v,C5:()=>d,DL:()=>w,OP:()=>B,lF:()=>V,Yu:()=>A,Dg:()=>p,CX:()=>l,GE:()=>y,sU:()=>M});var n={};r.r(n),r.d(n,{agent:()=>O,match:()=>_,version:()=>S});var i=r(6797),o=r(909),a=r(8610);class s{constructor(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,a.Z)("New setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,a.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");Object.assign(this,t),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;const n=(0,o.q)(t);n.length&&r&&"object"==typeof r&&n.forEach((e=>{e in r&&((0,a.Z)(`"${e}" is a protected attribute and can not be changed in feature ${t}. It will have no effect.`),delete r[e])})),this[t]=r}))}catch(e){(0,a.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}}const c={beacon:i.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:i.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},u={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!u[e])throw new Error(`Info for ${e} was never set`);return u[e]}function l(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");u[e]=new s(t,c),(0,i.Qy)(e,u[e],"info")}const f={allow_bfcache:!1,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}},g={};function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!g[e])throw new Error(`Configuration for ${e} was never set`);return g[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");g[e]=new s(t,f),(0,i.Qy)(e,g[e],"config")}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}const m={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},b={};function w(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!b[e])throw new Error(`LoaderConfig for ${e} was never set`);return b[e]}function y(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");b[e]=new s(t,m),(0,i.Qy)(e,b[e],"loader_config")}const A=(0,i.mF)().o;var x=r(6900),E=r(2053),O=null,S=null;if(navigator.userAgent){var D=navigator.userAgent,j=D.match(/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/);j&&-1===D.indexOf("Chrome")&&-1===D.indexOf("Chromium")&&(O="Safari",S=j[1])}function _(e,t){if(!O)return!1;if(e!==O)return!1;if(!t)return!0;if(!S)return!1;for(var r=S.split("."),n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length;i++)if(n[i]!==r[i])return!1;return!0}var k=r(5526),T=r(2374);const P="NRBA_SESSION_ID";function C(){if(!T.il)return null;try{let e;return null===(e=window.sessionStorage.getItem(P))&&(e=(0,k.ky)(16),window.sessionStorage.setItem(P,e)),e}catch(e){return null}}var I=T._A?.XMLHttpRequest,N=I&&I.prototype;const R={};function B(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!R[e])throw new Error(`Runtime for ${e} was never set`);return R[e]}function M(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");var r;R[e]=new s(t,(r=e,{customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,features:{},isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:6===x.H?2e3:3e4,offset:(0,E.yf)(),onerror:void 0,origin:""+T._A?.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},sessionId:1==v(r,"privacy.cookies_enabled")?C():null,xhrWrappable:I&&N&&N.addEventListener&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),userAgent:n})),(0,i.Qy)(e,R[e],"runtime")}function V(e){return function(e){try{const t=d(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},8226:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{q:()=>n});const n="1223.PROD"},9557:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(8610);const i={agentIdentifier:""};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},4329:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(3752),i=r(7022),o=r(4045),a=r(2325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=Array.from(s[e]);function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)l(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,r){r[0].on(e,r[1])}))}))}delete a[t],r.backlog[t]=null,r.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}r.every((e=>{let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function l(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},3752:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ee:()=>u});var n=r(6797),i=r(3916),o=r(7022),a=r(6562),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function l(){return new d}function f(){(u.backlog.api||u.backlog.feature)&&(u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={})}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},g={},h=!1;try{h=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:w,emit:m,get:A,listeners:y,context:v,buffer:x,abort:f,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:h?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function v(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function m(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=v(n),s=y(e),d=s.length,l=0;l<d;l++)s[l].apply(a,r);var f=O()[c[e]];return f&&f.push([p,e,r,a]),a}}function b(e,t){n[e]=y(e).concat(t)}function w(e,t){var r=n[e];if(r)for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)}function y(e){return n[e]||[]}function A(t){return g[t]=g[t]||e(p,t)}function x(e,t){var r=O();p.aborted||(0,o.D)(e,(function(e,n){t=t||"feature",c[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))}function E(e){return!!O()[c[e]]}function O(){return p.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),c.ee=u)},9252:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{E:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(3752).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4045:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(9252);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},8544:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(2374),i=!1;try{var o=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){i=!0}});n._A?.addEventListener("testPassive",null,o),n._A?.removeEventListener("testPassive",null,o)}catch(e){}function a(e){return i?{passive:!0,capture:!!e}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}},5526:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Rl:()=>i,ky:()=>o});var n=r(2374);function i(){var e=null,t=0,r=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;function i(){return e?15&e[t++]:16*Math.random()|0}r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,a="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",s="",c=0;c<a.length;c++)s+="x"===(o=a[c])?i().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&i()|8).toString(16):o;return s}function o(e){var t=null,r=0,n=self.crypto||self.msCrypto;n&&n.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(t=n.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i=[],o=0;o<e;o++)i.push(a().toString(16));return i.join("");function a(){return t?15&t[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}}},2053:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{nb:()=>c,os:()=>u,yf:()=>s,zO:()=>a});var n=r(7145),i=(new Date).getTime(),o=i;function a(){return n.G&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(i=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),i))-o}function s(){return i}function c(e){o=e}function u(){return o}},7145:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G:()=>n});const n=void 0!==r(2374)._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart},6625:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{s:()=>c,v:()=>u});var n=r(8283),i=r(9071),o=r(2053),a=r(7145),s=r(2374);let c=!0;function u(e){var t=function(){if(i.I&&i.I<9)return;if(a.G)return c=!1,s._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart}();t&&((0,n.B)(e,"starttime",t),(0,o.nb)(t))}},8283:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{B:()=>o,L:()=>a});var n=r(2053),i={};function o(e,t,r){void 0===r&&(r=(0,n.zO)()+(0,n.os)()),i[e]=i[e]||{},i[e][t]=r}function a(e,t,r,n){const o=e.sharedContext.agentIdentifier;var a=i[o]?.[r],s=i[o]?.[n];void 0!==a&&void 0!==s&&e.store("measures",t,{value:s-a})}},9548:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>i});var n=r(2374);const i={isFileProtocol:function(){let e=Boolean("file:"===(0,n.lW)()?.location?.protocol);e&&(i.supportabilityMetricSent=!0);return e},supportabilityMetricSent:!1}},8610:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){console&&console.warn&&"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn(`New Relic: ${e}`),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},3916:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},2374:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,lW:()=>a,v6:()=>i});const n=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof window&&window.document),i=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator);let o=(()=>{if(n)return window;if(i){if("undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return globalThis;if(self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return self}throw new Error("New Relic browser agent shutting down due to error: Unable to locate global scope. This is possibly due to code redefining browser global variables like `self` and `window`.")})();function a(){return o}},7022:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t){var r=[],i="",o=0;for(i in e)n.call(e,i)&&(r[o]=t(i,e[i]),o+=1);return r}},9226:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$c:()=>u,Ng:()=>d,RR:()=>c});var n=r(6562),i=r(9557),o=r(9548),a=r(8610),s={regex:/^file:\/\/(.*)/,replacement:"file://OBFUSCATED"};class c extends i.w{constructor(e){super(e)}shouldObfuscate(){return u(this.sharedContext.agentIdentifier).length>0}obfuscateString(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return e;for(var t=u(this.sharedContext.agentIdentifier),r=e,n=0;n<t.length;n++){var i=t[n].regex,o=t[n].replacement||"*";r=r.replace(i,o)}return r}}function u(e){var t=[],r=(0,n.Mt)(e,"obfuscate")||[];return t=t.concat(r),o.T.isFileProtocol()&&t.push(s),t}function d(e){for(var t=!1,r=!1,n=0;n<e.length;n++){"regex"in e[n]?"string"!=typeof e[n].regex&&e[n].regex.constructor!==RegExp&&((0,a.Z)('An obfuscation replacement rule contains a "regex" value with an invalid type (must be a string or RegExp)'),r=!0):((0,a.Z)('An obfuscation replacement rule was detected missing a "regex" value.'),r=!0);var i=e[n].replacement;i&&"string"!=typeof i&&((0,a.Z)('An obfuscation replacement rule contains a "replacement" value with an invalid type (must be a string)'),t=!0)}return!t&&!r}},2650:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},6797:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(2053),i=r(2374);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.zO)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},6998:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{N:()=>i,e:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",r);function r(){if(t){if("hidden"!=document.visibilityState)return;e()}e(document.visibilityState)}}function o(){return"hidden"===document.visibilityState?-1:1/0}},6034:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.metrics},2484:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewEvent},6382:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewTiming},1509:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(6562),i=r(3752),o=r(2384),a=r(6797);class s{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1,this.checkConfiguration()}checkConfiguration(){if(!(0,n.lF)(this.agentIdentifier)){let e={...(0,a.gG)().info?.jsAttributes};try{e={...e,...(0,n.C5)(this.agentIdentifier)?.jsAttributes}}catch(e){}(0,o.j)(this.agentIdentifier,{...(0,a.gG)(),info:{...(0,a.gG)().info,jsAttributes:e}})}}}},2384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>w});var n=r(8683),i=r.n(n),o=r(2325),a=r(6562),s=r(9252),c=r(7022),u=r(3752),d=r(2053),l=r(4329),f=r(2650),g=r(2374);function h(e,t,n){n||(0,l.R)(e,"api"),function(e){function t(t){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r>1?r-1:0),i=1;i<r;i++)n[i-1]=arguments[i];Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&e.api[t](...n)}))}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError"].forEach((r=>{e[r]=function(){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e),i=0;i<e;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];return t(r,...n)}}))}(t);var h=u.ee.get(e),p=h.get("tracer"),v="api-",m="api-ixn-";function b(){}(0,c.D)(["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],(function(e,r){t[r]=y(v,r,!0,"api")})),t.addPageAction=y(v,"addPageAction",!0,o.D.pageAction),t.setCurrentRouteName=y(v,"routeName",!0,o.D.spa),t.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,a.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/http://custom.transaction")+t,y(v,"setPageViewName",!0,"api")()},t.setCustomAttribute=function(t,r){const n=(0,a.C5)(e);return(0,a.CX)(e,{...n,jsAttributes:{...n.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),y(v,"setCustomAttribute",!0,"api")()},t.interaction=function(){return(new b).get()};var w=b.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},n=this,i="function"==typeof t;return(0,s.p)("api-ixn-tracer",[(0,d.zO)(),e,r],n,o.D.spa,h),function(){if(p.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,d.zO)(),n,i],r),i)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,d.zO)()],r)}}}};function y(e,t,r,n){return function(){return(0,s.p)("record-supportability",["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,h),(0,s.p)(e+t,[(0,d.zO)()].concat(i()(arguments)),r?null:this,n,h),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(692).then(r.bind(r,5692)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,l.L)(e,"api")}))}(0,c.D)("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),(function(e,t){w[t]=y(m,t,void 0,o.D.spa)})),t.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,s.p)("record-supportability",["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,h),(0,s.p)("err",[e,(0,d.zO)(),!1,t],void 0,o.D.jserrors,h)},g.v6?A():(0,f.b)((()=>A()),!0)}var p=r(6797);const v={stn:o.D.sessionTrace,err:o.D.jserrors,ins:o.D.pageAction,spa:o.D.spa};function m(e,t){var r=u.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&((0,c.D)(e,(function(e,t){if(!t)return(0,s.p)("block-"+e,[],void 0,v[e],r);t&&!b[e]&&((0,s.p)("feat-"+e,[],void 0,v[e],r),b[e]=!0)})),(0,l.L)(t,o.D.pageViewEvent))}const b={};function w(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:i,info:o,loader_config:s,runtime:c={loaderType:r},exposed:u=!0}=t;const d=(0,p.gG)();let l={};return o||(i=d.init,o=d.info,s=d.loader_config,l=d),g.v6&&(o.jsAttributes={...o.jsAttributes,isWorker:!0}),(0,a.CX)(e,o),(0,a.Dg)(e,i||{}),(0,a.GE)(e,s||{}),(0,a.sU)(e,c),h(e,l,n),(0,p.Qy)(e,d,"api"),(0,p.Qy)(e,u,"exposed"),g.v6||((0,p.EZ)("activatedFeatures",b),(0,p.EZ)("setToken",(t=>m(t,e)))),l}},909:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Z:()=>i,q:()=>o});var n=r(2325);function i(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}function o(e){return e===n.D.jserrors?[]:["auto"]}},2325:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8}},8683:e=>{e.exports=function(e,t,r){t||(t=0),void 0===r&&(r=e?e.length:0);for(var n=-1,i=r-t||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++n<i;)o[n]=e[t+n];return o}},4992:(e,t,r)=>{var n={"./ajax/aggregate":[960,779,960],"./jserrors/aggregate":[6112,779,112],"./metrics/aggregate":[4325,779,325],"./page_action/aggregate":[6817,779,817],"./page_view_event/aggregate":[4823,779,823],"./page_view_timing/aggregate":[8785,779,785],"./session_trace/aggregate":[1307,779,307],"./spa/aggregate":[9378,779,378]};function i(e){if(!r.o(n,e))return Promise.resolve().then((()=>{var t=new Error("Cannot find module '"+e+"'");throw t.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",t}));var t=n[e],i=t[0];return Promise.all(t.slice(1).map(r.e)).then((()=>r(i)))}i.keys=()=>Object.keys(n),i.id=4992,e.exports=i}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.n=e=>{var t=e&&e.__esModule?()=>e.default:()=>e;return i.d(t,{a:t}),t},i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>e+"."+i.h().slice(0,8)+"-1223.js",i.h=()=>"215647de1097144af948",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r),e[r]=[n];var f=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},g=setTimeout(f.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=f.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=f.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={55:0,308:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=window.webpackChunkNRBA=window.webpackChunkNRBA||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})();var o={};(()=>{"use strict";i.r(o);var e=i(2325),t=i(6562);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,`${e}.enabled`)}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(2384),s=i(909),c=i(9557),u=i(7022);class d extends c.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,u.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=l(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,u.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=l(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=f(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=l(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[r=e[i]]=g(this.aggregatedData[r]),t[r].length&&(n=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[r];return n?t:null}}function l(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=f(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function f(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function g(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,u.D)(e,h)}function h(e,t){return t}var p=i(6797),v=i(5526),m=i(8610);var b=i(9252),w=i(2053),y=i(8283),A=i(6625),x=i(4329),E=i(1509),O=i(2650),S=i(2374);class D extends E.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.completed=new Promise(((e,t)=>{this.resolve=e,this.reject=t})),this.hasAggregator=!1,this.auto=n,n&&(0,x.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){try{if(this.hasAggregator||!this.auto)return;this.hasAggregator=!0;const e=async()=>{try{const{Aggregate:e}=await i(4992)(`./${this.featureName}/aggregate`);new e(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator),this.resolve()}catch(e){(0,m.Z)(`Failed to import aggregator class for ${this.featureName}`,e)}};S.v6?e():(0,O.b)((()=>e()),!0)}catch(e){this.reject(e)}}}var j,_,k,T=i(2484);class P extends D{constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,T.t,r),S.il&&((0,A.v)(e),(0,y.B)(e,"firstbyte",(0,w.yf)()),(0,O.K)((()=>this.measureDomContentLoaded())),(0,O.b)((()=>this.measureWindowLoaded()),!0),this.importAggregator())}measureWindowLoaded(){var t=(0,w.zO)();(0,y.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"onload",t+(0,w.os)()),(0,b.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}measureDomContentLoaded(){(0,y.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"domContent",(0,w.zO)()+(0,w.os)())}}j=P,_="featureName",k=T.t,_ in j?Object.defineProperty(j,_,{value:k,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):j[_]=k;var C=i(6998),I=i(8544),N=i(6382);class R extends D{constructor(t,r){var n;let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(t,r,N.t,i),n=this,S.il){if(this.pageHiddenTime=(0,C.e)(),this.performanceObserver,this.lcpPerformanceObserver,this.clsPerformanceObserver,this.fiRecorded=!1,"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){this.performanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return n.perfObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.performanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(e){}this.lcpPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return n.lcpObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.lcpPerformanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(e){}this.clsPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return n.clsObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.clsPerformanceObserver.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(e){}}this.fiRecorded=!1;["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"].forEach((e=>{(0,I.iz)(e,(function(){return n.captureInteraction(...arguments)}))})),(0,C.N)((()=>{this.pageHiddenTime=(0,w.zO)(),(0,b.p)("docHidden",[this.pageHiddenTime],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}),!0),(0,I.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,b.p)("winPagehide",[(0,w.zO)()],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee))),this.importAggregator()}}perfObserver(t,r){t.getEntries().forEach((t=>{"first-paint"===t.name?(0,b.p)("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&(0,b.p)("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}lcpObserver(t,r){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var i=n[n.length-1];if(this.pageHiddenTime<i.startTime)return;var o=[i],a=this.addConnectionAttributes({});a&&o.push(a),(0,b.p)("lcp",o,void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}clsObserver(t){t.getEntries().forEach((t=>{t.hadRecentInput||(0,b.p)("cls",[t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}addConnectionAttributes(e){var t=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(t)return t.type&&(e["net-type"]=t.type),t.effectiveType&&(e["net-etype"]=t.effectiveType),t.rtt&&(e["net-rtt"]=t.rtt),t.downlink&&(e["net-dlink"]=t.downlink),e}captureInteraction(r){if(r instanceof t.Yu.EV&&!this.fiRecorded){var n=Math.round(r.timeStamp),i={type:r.type};this.addConnectionAttributes(i),n<=(0,w.zO)()?i.fid=(0,w.zO)()-n:n>(0,w.os)()&&n<=Date.now()?(n-=(0,w.os)(),i.fid=(0,w.zO)()-n):n=(0,w.zO)(),this.fiRecorded=!0,(0,b.p)("timing",["fi",n,i],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}}!function(e,t,r){t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(R,"featureName",N.t);var B=i(4045),M="React",V="Angular",q="AngularJS",L="Backbone",z="Ember",W="Vue",$="Meteor",F="Zepto",G="Jquery";function Z(){if(!S.il)return[];var e=[];try{(function(){try{if(window.React||window.ReactDOM||window.ReactRedux)return!0;if(document.querySelector("[data-reactroot], [data-reactid]"))return!0;for(var e=document.querySelectorAll("body > div"),t=0;t<e.length;t++)if(Object.keys(e[t]).indexOf("_reactRootContainer")>=0)return!0;return!1}catch(e){return!1}})()&&e.push(M),function(){try{return!!window.angular||(!!document.querySelector(".ng-binding, [ng-app], [data-ng-app], [ng-controller], [data-ng-controller], [ng-repeat], [data-ng-repeat]")||!!document.querySelector('script[src*="angular.js"], script[src*="angular.min.js"]'))}catch(e){return!1}}()&&e.push(q),function(){try{return!!(window.hasOwnProperty("ng")&&window.ng.hasOwnProperty("coreTokens")&&window.ng.coreTokens.hasOwnProperty("NgZone"))||!!document.querySelectorAll("[ng-version]").length}catch(e){return!1}}()&&e.push(V),window.Backbone&&e.push(L),window.Ember&&e.push(z),window.Vue&&e.push(W),window.Meteor&&e.push($),window.Zepto&&e.push(F),window.jQuery&&e.push(G)}catch(e){}return e}var U=i(9548),H=i(9226),X=i(8226);const Q=Boolean(S._A?.Worker),K=Boolean(S._A?.SharedWorker),J=Boolean(S._A?.navigator?.serviceWorker);let Y,ee,te;var re=i(6034);class ne extends D{constructor(e,t){var r;let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},i=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,re.t,i),r=this,this.PfFeatStatusEnum=n,this.singleChecks(),this.eachSessionChecks(),(0,B.X)("record-supportability",(function(){return r.recordSupportability(...arguments)}),this.featureName,this.ee),(0,B.X)("record-custom",(function(){return r.recordCustom(...arguments)}),this.featureName,this.ee),this.importAggregator()}recordSupportability(e,t){var r=["sm",e,{name:e},t];return(0,b.p)("storeMetric",r,null,this.featureName,this.ee),r}recordCustom(e,t){var r=["cm",e,{name:e},t];return(0,b.p)("storeEventMetrics",r,null,this.featureName,this.ee),r}singleChecks(){this.recordSupportability(`Generic/Version/${X.q}/Detected`);const{loaderType:e}=(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier);e&&this.recordSupportability(`Generic/LoaderType/${e}/Detected`),S.il&&(0,O.K)((()=>{Z().forEach((e=>{this.recordSupportability("Framework/"+e+"/Detected")}))})),U.T.isFileProtocol()&&(this.recordSupportability("Generic/FileProtocol/Detected"),U.T.supportabilityMetricSent=!0);const r=(0,H.$c)(this.agentIdentifier);r.length>0&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/Obfuscate/Detected"),r.length>0&&!(0,H.Ng)(r)&&this.recordSupportability("Generic/Obfuscate/Invalid"),S.il&&this.reportPolyfillsNeeded(),function(e){if(!Y){if(Q){Y=Worker;try{S._A.Worker=r(Y,"Dedicated")}catch(e){o(e,"Dedicated")}if(K){ee=SharedWorker;try{S._A.SharedWorker=r(ee,"Shared")}catch(e){o(e,"Shared")}}else n("Shared");if(J){te=navigator.serviceWorker.register;try{S._A.navigator.serviceWorker.register=(t=te,function(){for(var e=arguments.length,r=new Array(e),n=0;n<e;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];return i("Service",r[1]?.type),t.apply(navigator.serviceWorker,r)})}catch(e){o(e,"Service")}}else n("Service");var t;return}n("All")}function r(e,t){return new Proxy(e,{construct:(e,r)=>(i(t,r[1]?.type),new e(...r))})}function n(t){S.v6||e(`Workers/${t}/Unavailable`)}function i(t,r){e("module"===r?`Workers/${t}/Module`:`Workers/${t}/Classic`)}function o(t,r){e(`Workers/${r}/SM/Unsupported`),(0,m.Z)(`NR Agent: Unable to capture ${r} workers.`,t)}}(this.recordSupportability.bind(this))}reportPolyfillsNeeded(){this.recordSupportability(`Generic/Polyfill/Promise/${this.PfFeatStatusEnum.PROMISE}`),this.recordSupportability(`Generic/Polyfill/ArrayIncludes/${this.PfFeatStatusEnum.ARRAY_INCLUDES}`),this.recordSupportability(`Generic/Polyfill/ObjectAssign/${this.PfFeatStatusEnum.OBJECT_ASSIGN}`),this.recordSupportability(`Generic/Polyfill/ObjectEntries/${this.PfFeatStatusEnum.OBJECT_ENTRIES}`)}eachSessionChecks(){S.il&&(0,I.bP)("pageshow",(e=>{e.persisted&&this.recordCustom("Custom/BFCache/PageRestored")}))}}!function(e,t,r){t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(ne,"featureName",re.t);new class{constructor(t){let r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,v.ky)(16);this.agentIdentifier=r,this.sharedAggregator=new d({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=t.features||[],this.desiredFeatures.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,t,t.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){try{const e=n(this.agentIdentifier);this.desiredFeatures.forEach((t=>{if(e[t.featureName]){const r=(0,s.Z)(t.featureName);r.every((t=>e[t]))||(0,m.Z)(`${t.featureName} is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (${JSON.stringify(r)}). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...`),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,p.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,"features")}catch(e){return(0,m.Z)("Failed to initialize instrument classes",e),!1}}}({features:[P,R,ne],loaderType:"lite"})})(),window.NRBA=o})();</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66610693-3"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {cookie_flags: 'SameSite=None;Secure'});gtag("config", "UA-66610693-3", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "UA-33523145-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","node_id":"783411","content_type":"Homepage"});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/"/> <meta name="description" content="NIST promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life."/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> <meta name="dcterms.subject" content="Working with industry and science to advance innovation and improve quality of life."/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="text"/> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/national-institute-standards-and-technology"/> <meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST"/> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2023-02-08T12:52-05:00"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="National Institute of Standards and Technology | NIST"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> <meta property="og:description" content="NIST promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg"/> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="9802F04AC0DBFA09E639BA8F2E349685"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="NIST promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life."/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2023-02-08T12:52:00-05:00"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "headline": "National Institute of Standards and Technology", "name": "NIST", "description": "NIST promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "representativeOfPage": "True", "url": "/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg", "width": "220", "height": "220" }, "datePublished": "2016-03-24T14:44-04:00", "dateModified": "2023-02-08T12:52-05:00" } ] }</script> <meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="homepage"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>National Institute of Standards and Technology</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230210113305cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_F2gAVVlSdR3arDUpXp31o79SNgjcEodwd2bnXsnktzU.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230210113305cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_gD8QmGaNfUQuThtjB-S0EwEOZZNJP1QfUU1bDdLHbMU.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/web/20230210113305cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_zbjDhj-AmeVwgu9y0DlPwEfp7l-a5BpoK3MpoGmRB6o.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230210113305cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_PV0KmreUx3hVeYI6yGypf71UDz9BSQl1Z5DjiESDh-Y.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230210113305cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_h014k13aNG5kxmc3i31BCnMD2Gr39UKWutWZuQuCXMo.css"/> <script src="/web/20230210113305js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_VDwaIMNiRtzQn-NZvj1F9loIzJ-i4yEDiruzS8Z6Ejo.js"></script> </head> <body class="node-783411"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>  <section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br/> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br/> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg> </span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <div data-elastic-exclude>  <div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;"> <p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/national-institute-standards-and-technology</p> <img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--full" role="banner"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo flex-fill"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="42px"/> </a> </div> <div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto"> <div class="usa-nav__secondary"> <ul class="usa-nav__secondary-links"> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/careers">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/shop">Shop</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"> <div role="search"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-1"><span>Topics</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/climate" class="usa-nav__link">Climate</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a class="usa-nav__link" href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/standards-and-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/shop" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/director/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Our Organization</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/director" class="usa-nav__link">Office of the Director</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header>  </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content"> <div class="bg-base-darkest"> <div class="nist-hero nist-hero--homepage grid-row"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet-lg:grid-col-6 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/space-shuttle-structural-engineering-nists-tuskegee-airmen-left-lasting-legacy"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.webp?itok=tYP-9OEl 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1600w_x_800h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.webp?itok=SXHXwmtR 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="400"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/640w_x_320h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.webp?itok=1w5OoOfp 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1280w_x_640h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.webp?itok=cFMBDEE1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="320"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480w_x_240h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.webp?itok=nYxLHn7U 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/960w_x_480h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.webp?itok=vUMDtCJP 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="240"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.jpg?itok=tYP-9OEl 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1600w_x_800h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.jpg?itok=SXHXwmtR 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/jpeg" width="800" height="400"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/640w_x_320h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.jpg?itok=1w5OoOfp 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1280w_x_640h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.jpg?itok=cFMBDEE1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="320"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480w_x_240h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.jpg?itok=nYxLHn7U 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/960w_x_480h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.jpg?itok=vUMDtCJP 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg" width="480" height="240"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.jpg?itok=tYP-9OEl" width="800" height="400" alt="Collage includes four historical photos of Black men in military and office attire on background of gold, green, black and red. " typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/space-shuttle-structural-engineering-nists-tuskegee-airmen-left-lasting-legacy"> <div class="text">From the Space Shuttle to Structural Engineering, NIST’s Tuskegee Airmen Left a Lasting Legacy in Service and Science</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-selects-lightweight-cryptography-algorithms-protect-small-devices"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_400/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.webp?itok=JhopQMU6 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800_x_800/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.webp?itok=WV6YK1UD 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="400"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/640w_x_320h/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.webp?itok=IjGFXLyT 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1280w_x_640h/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.webp?itok=ffkmZZYR 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="320"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480w_x_240h/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.webp?itok=s3Bs0jCg 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/960w_x_480h/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.webp?itok=5RiWC64C 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="240"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_400/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.jpg?itok=JhopQMU6 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800_x_800/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.jpg?itok=WV6YK1UD 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="400"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/640w_x_320h/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.jpg?itok=IjGFXLyT 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1280w_x_640h/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.jpg?itok=ffkmZZYR 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="320"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480w_x_240h/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.jpg?itok=s3Bs0jCg 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/960w_x_480h/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.jpg?itok=5RiWC64C 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg" width="480" height="240"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_400/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.jpg?itok=JhopQMU6" width="400" height="400" alt="Shield labeled "Update" is surrounded by icons for Internet of Things applications like fitness trackers and smart home systems." typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-selects-lightweight-cryptography-algorithms-protect-small-devices"> <div class="text">NIST Selects ‘Lightweight Cryptography’ Algorithms to Protect Small Devices</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-director-laurie-locascio-elected-national-academy-engineering"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_400/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.webp?itok=RWhAbSkl 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800_x_800/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.webp?itok=sO-Dd7mR 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="400"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/640w_x_320h/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.webp?itok=x_iXzX49 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1280w_x_640h/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.webp?itok=M9kpHGOj 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="320"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480w_x_240h/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.webp?itok=s8ImRJ3U 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/960w_x_480h/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.webp?itok=u3WCHYDI 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="240"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_400/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.jpg?itok=RWhAbSkl 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/800_x_800/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.jpg?itok=sO-Dd7mR 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="400"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/640w_x_320h/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.jpg?itok=x_iXzX49 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1280w_x_640h/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.jpg?itok=M9kpHGOj 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="320"/> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480w_x_240h/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.jpg?itok=s8ImRJ3U 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/960w_x_480h/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.jpg?itok=u3WCHYDI 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg" width="480" height="240"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_400/public/images/2022/04/20/LLHS_3063_0.jpg?itok=RWhAbSkl" width="400" height="400" alt="Laurie Locascio" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-director-laurie-locascio-elected-national-academy-engineering"> <div class="text">NIST Director Laurie Locascio Elected to National Academy of Engineering</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg-primary-lighter padding-y-4"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-slogan"> <h2 class="nist-slogan__title">INNOVATION UNLEASHED</h2> <p class="nist-slogan__content">Working with industry and academia to enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.</p> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-4 margin-top-4"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--primary nist-card--title-overlay tablet:grid-col-4"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-450.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-900.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 800px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-225.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-450.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-600.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-1200.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-450.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-900.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-450.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-900.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 800px)" type="image/png"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-225.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-450.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/png"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-600.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-1200.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/png"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-450.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-900.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/png"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-1-1200.png?v1" width="1200" height="976" alt="A man wearing safety goggles leans over a scientific device." loading="lazy"> </picture> </div> <div class="nist-card__title "> <h3>Services & Resources</h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <ul class="add-list-reset"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://csrc.nist.gov/">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/data">Data</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/http://www.time.gov/">Official U.S. Time</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software">Software</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card nist-card--primary nist-card--title-overlay tablet:grid-col-4"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-450.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-900.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 800px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-225.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-450.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-600.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-1200.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-450.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-900.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-450.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-900.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 800px)" type="image/png"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-225.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-450.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/png"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-600.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-1200.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/png"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-450.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-900.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/png"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-2-1200.png?v1" width="1200" height="976" alt="A man wearing safety goggles leans over a scientific device." loading="lazy"> </picture> </div> <div class="nist-card__title "> <h3>Laboratories</h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <ul class="add-list-reset"> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/ctl">Communications Technology Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/el">Engineering Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/itl">Information Technology Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/mml">Material Measurement Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/pml">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card nist-card--primary nist-card--title-overlay tablet:grid-col-4"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-450.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-900.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 800px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-225.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-450.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-600.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-1200.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-450.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-900.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-450.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-900.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 800px)" type="image/png"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-225.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-450.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/png"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-600.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-1200.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/png"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-450.png?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-900.png?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/png"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/callout/nist-homepage-callout-3-1200.png?v1" width="1200" height="976" alt="A man wearing safety goggles leans over a scientific device." loading="lazy"> </picture> </div> <div class="nist-card__title "> <h3>Extramural Programs</h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <ul class="add-list-reset"> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/mep">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.manufacturingusa.com/" class="ext extlink">Manufacturing USA<span class="ext" aria-label="(link is external)"></span></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap">NVLAP</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/tpo">Technology Transfer</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="chips-banner"> <div class="grid-container padding-y-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-4 flex-align-center"> <div class="tablet:grid-col chips-banner__title"> <h2 class="margin-y-1"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/chips" title="Learn more at chips.gov">CHIPS <span class="text-italic">for</span> America</a></h2> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-auto chips-banner__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/chips" title="Learn more at chips.gov"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/chips_logo_mark.webp?v1" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/chips_logo_mark.png?v1" type="image/png"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/chips_logo_mark.png?v1" alt="CHIPS.gov logo" width="100" height="76" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col chips-banner__text"> <div class="maxw-mobile margin-x-auto tablet:margin-left-0"> Investments in innovation, resilience and a more competitive American future | <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/chips" title="Learn more at chips.gov" class="chips-banner__more">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg-base-lightest padding-y-4"> <div class="grid-container"> <h2 class="nist-block__title nist-block__title--no-border text-accent-cool text-center font-body-xl">Featured Topics</h2> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 margin-top-4"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--icon mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/ai.png?v1" alt="Artificial Intelligence" width="60" height="60" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card nist-card--icon mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/climate"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/environment.png?v1" alt="Climate" width="60" height="60" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/climate">Climate</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card nist-card--icon mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/communications.png?v1" alt="Communications" width="60" height="60" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications">Communications</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card nist-card--icon mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/cybersecurity.png?v1" alt="Cybersecurity" width="60" height="60" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--icon mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/health-bioscience"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/health.png?v1" alt="Health & Bioscience" width="60" height="60" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/health-bioscience">Health & Bioscience</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card nist-card--icon mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/infrastructure.png?v1" alt="Infrastructure" width="60" height="60" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card nist-card--icon mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/manufacturing.png?v1" alt="Manufacturing" width="60" height="60" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card nist-card--icon mobile-lg:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-col-3"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/quantum-information-science"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/quantum_science2.png?v1" alt="Quantum Science" width="60" height="60" loading="lazy"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/quantum-information-science">Quantum Science</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bg-primary-lighter padding-y-4"> <div class="grid-container"> <h2 class="nist-block__title nist-block__title--no-border text-primary text-center font-body-xl">Standards & Measurements</h2> <div class="nist-card nist-card--horizontal nist-card--horizontal-full nist-card--primary-lighter margin-top-4"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements_1x.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 800px)" type="image/webp" width="1160" height="800"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements_crop1x.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements_crop2x.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="680" height="800"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements_1x.webp?v1 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements.webp?v1 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="1160" height="800"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements_1x.jpg 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements.jpg 2x" media="(min-width: 800px)" type="image/jpg" width="1160" height="800"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements_crop1x.jpg 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements_crop2x.jpg 2x" media="(min-width: 640px)" type="image/jpg" width="680" height="800"> <source srcset="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements_1x.jpg 1x, /web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements.jpg 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpg" width="1160" height="800"> <img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/homepage/nist-homepage-standards-measurements.jpg" width="1160" height="800" alt="A man wearing safety goggles leans over a scientific device." loading="lazy"> </picture> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <p class="mobile-lg:margin-top-neg-105 font-sans-md">NIST’s portfolio of services for measurements, standards, and legal metrology provide solutions that ensure measurement traceability, enable quality assurance, and harmonize documentary standards and regulatory practices.</p> <ul class="add-list-reset margin-top-4"> <li class="maxw-mobile-lg"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-button usa-button-homepage usa-button-homepage--measure"><div class="flex-1 display-inline-flex text-left">Calibrations</div></a></li> <li class="maxw-mobile-lg"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/documentary-standards" class="usa-button usa-button-homepage usa-button-homepage--file-text2"><div class="flex-1 display-inline-flex text-left">Documentary Standards</div></a></li> <li class="maxw-mobile-lg"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-button usa-button-homepage usa-button-homepage--file-binary"><div class="flex-1 display-inline-flex text-left">Standard Reference Data</div></a></li> <li class="maxw-mobile-lg"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-button usa-button-homepage usa-button-homepage--prescription"><div class="flex-1 display-inline-flex text-left">Standard Reference Materials</div></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container padding-y-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6 margin-top-4"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">News</h2> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-1d0dc00431fe66f410a1b709e26ae8ecdf655acc425b0057ff4e1ea7ae9940c1"> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-director-laurie-locascio-elected-national-academy-engineering" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-director-laurie-locascio-elected-national-academy-engineering" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/04/19/LLHS_3063.png?itok=02LmpuHB" width="67" height="100" alt="Laurie Locascio poses for a photo. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-director-laurie-locascio-elected-national-academy-engineering"><span property="schema:name">NIST Director Laurie Locascio Elected to National Academy of Engineering</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-02-08T12:00:00Z">February 8, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">The recognition is one of the highest professional distinctions accorded to an engineer.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-selects-lightweight-cryptography-algorithms-protect-small-devices" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-selects-lightweight-cryptography-algorithms-protect-small-devices" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/02/06/23TL001_update-lightweight_2_cryptography-2.jpg?itok=stDfi7jL" width="100" height="48" alt="Shield labeled "Update" is surrounded by icons for Internet of Things applications like fitness trackers and smart home systems." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/nist-selects-lightweight-cryptography-algorithms-protect-small-devices"><span property="schema:name">NIST Selects ‘Lightweight Cryptography’ Algorithms to Protect Small Devices</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-02-07T12:00:00Z">February 7, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">The algorithms are designed to protect data created and transmitted by the Internet of Things and other small electronics.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2023/01/americas-first-responders-give-nist-their-communications-tech-wish-lists" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/01/americas-first-responders-give-nist-their-communications-tech-wish-lists" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/01/25/PSCR_Usability_Chad_v3.png?itok=FNmoilZA" width="100" height="58" alt="Four clipboards appear, each representing one of the four first responder communities: 911, EMT, fire, police." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/01/americas-first-responders-give-nist-their-communications-tech-wish-lists"><span property="schema:name">America’s First Responders Give NIST Their Communications Tech Wish Lists</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-01-30T12:00:00Z">January 30, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">NIST’s nationwide survey aims to improve communications devices for fire, police, EMT and 911 crews.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2023/01/nist-risk-management-framework-aims-improve-trustworthiness-artificial" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/01/nist-risk-management-framework-aims-improve-trustworthiness-artificial" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/01/25/RMF-redesign-rounded-other_graphics-04.png?itok=q6XNzk9H" width="89" height="100" alt="Circular design includes elements of the AI Risk Management Framework: Govern, Measure, Manage, Map." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/01/nist-risk-management-framework-aims-improve-trustworthiness-artificial"><span property="schema:name">NIST Risk Management Framework Aims to Improve Trustworthiness of Artificial Intelligence</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-01-26T12:00:00Z">January 26, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">New guidance seeks to cultivate trust in AI technologies and promote AI innovation while mitigating risk.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="more-link"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/search">View All News</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Events</h2> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-56b2fefa216ef8f0f566a858d9a949dd2dec4eb593910eeaa33f41db76c5cfc4"> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/02/journey-nist-cybersecurity-framework-csf-20-workshop-2" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/02/journey-nist-cybersecurity-framework-csf-20-workshop-2" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2023/01/24/Event%20Graphic%20CSF2.0%20August%202022.gif" width="640" height="480" alt="Journey to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 | Workshop #2" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/02/journey-nist-cybersecurity-framework-csf-20-workshop-2"><span>Journey to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 | Workshop #2</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Wed, Feb 15 2023, 9:00am - 5:30pm EST</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The collaborative process to update the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF), toward CSF 2.0, continues! Join NIST and</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/02/ansi-nist-itl-standards-update-workshop" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/02/ansi-nist-itl-standards-update-workshop" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/12/07/NIST%20SP%20500-290e3.png?itok=BJ9eXC5w" width="84" height="100" alt="ANSI/NIST-ITL Document" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/02/ansi-nist-itl-standards-update-workshop"><span>ANSI NIST-ITL Standards Update Workshop</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Tue, Feb 21 - Thu, Feb 23 2023</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">NIST would like to welcome your participation in the upcoming ANSI/NIST-ITL Standard Update Workshop. This event is open</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/03/ndncomm-2023" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/03/ndncomm-2023" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/08/20/NDN_2021Rev2.png?itok=aHQhZIqt" width="100" height="67" alt="Named Data Networking Meeting" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/03/ndncomm-2023"><span>NDNComm 2023</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Thu, Mar 2 - Fri, Mar 3 2023</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The Named Data Networking Community Meeting 2023 will be hosted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/03/nist-innovative-technology-showcase-2" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/03/nist-innovative-technology-showcase-2" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/01/26/NIST%20Showcase%20Banner_2023REV.png?itok=0RCbrzj9" width="100" height="50" alt="NIST Innovative Technologies Showcase 2 March 2023" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/03/nist-innovative-technology-showcase-2"><span>NIST Innovative Technology Showcase #2</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Mon, Mar 13 2023, 3:00 - 4:30pm EDT</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The NIST Technology Partnership Office (TPO) oversees the technology transfer processes that NIST researchers use to</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/events/2023/03/3rd-high-performance-computing-security-workshop" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/03/3rd-high-performance-computing-security-workshop" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/12/14/High%20Perf%20Computing%20March%2023%20Img_0.jpg?itok=CVBKiL_b" width="100" height="56" alt="3rd High Performance Computing Security Workshop" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/03/3rd-high-performance-computing-security-workshop"><span>3rd High-Performance Computing Security Workshop</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="smartdate">Wed, Mar 15 - Thu, Mar 16 2023</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Executive Order 13702 established the National Strategic Computing Initiative (NSCI) to maximize the benefits of high</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="more-link"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/event-archive">View Past Events</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/upcoming-events">View All Upcoming Events</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude>  <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/web/20230210113305im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://twitter.com/NIST"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/national-institute-standards-and-technology" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation"> <ul> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305/https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/783411","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":true,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"nist_www","libraries":"back_to_top\/back_to_top_icon,back_to_top\/back_to_top_js,core\/picturefill,extlink\/drupal.extlink,figcaption_filter\/figcaption,google_analytics\/google_analytics,nist\/equal_height,nist\/global,nist\/global-js,nist\/header-js,nist_linkit_filter\/nist_linkit_filter_ga,nist_www\/global,nist_www\/global-js,paragraphs\/drupal.paragraphs.unpublished,system\/base,views\/views.module"},"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-66610693-3","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip","trackDomainMode":1},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"582eea317b4636ab5a0dffc8c6a006df3d6901ea5610498a0bbefc925ea1da0f"}}</script> <script src="/web/20230210113305js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_AOg417qepduGFvXDI_SP863Nh3qVCuiSeO8_GAxUYnk.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210113305js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20230210113305js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js__m8lPoob6WYP5ISBblOsGOTOBGL48ZeEwQyTPAl7RqA.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFkVVVABoWlcAUQQ=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":31,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

National Institute of Standards and Technology