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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Professional association</div> <p>The <b>American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin</b> (<b>AAPI</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">professional association</a> for <a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian American</a> <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a>. </p><p>The association is based in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and was founded in 1982. As of 2019, it claims a membership of 80,000 physicians.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_of_Physicians_of_Indian_Origin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_of_Physicians_of_Indian_Origin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the 1960s to the 1970s, the United States saw a large influx of medical students and physicians from India who were looking to continue their studies, intern or practice. However, while trying to apply for residencies, promotions, medical licenses, etc., many experienced discrimination and difficulties despite being qualified for these positions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the formation of regional Indian-origin physician organizations such as the Michigan Association of Physicians of Indian Origin (MAPI), which was established in 1976 to support Indian medical graduates in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaders in organizations across U.S., such as Dr. Navin Shah from Washington D.C., reached out to other organizations proposing that they all come under one national organization,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1982, the first national meeting was hosted by MAPI in Dearborn, Michigan. The new organization started out small, with there only being five organizations at the meeting. During the meeting, they elected people for various leadership positions and drafted a Constitution and Bylaws.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AAPI's initial goals thus became to lobby Congress and confront the American Medical Association in order to receive fair treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doctors_of_Indian_origin">Doctors of Indian origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_of_Physicians_of_Indian_Origin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Doctors of Indian origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2019, there were about 938,980 active physicians in the US;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian-origin physicians account for at least 8.5% of the total physician population.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is noteworthy that India provides the largest number of International Medical Graduates to the US in absolute numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More generally, India has been an important source of medical doctors for foreign countries since the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dr. Anjana Samadder, Gastroenterologist from Ohio is the organization's president.<sup id="cite_ref-aapi_ref2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aapi_ref2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jagdish_Tytler_controversy">Jagdish Tytler controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_of_Physicians_of_Indian_Origin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jagdish Tytler controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2004, AAPI became involved in a controversy for its invitation to Indian Minister for NRI Affairs <a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Tytler" title="Jagdish Tytler">Jagdish Tytler</a> to be honored at a dinner gala.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Various human rights and <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> groups threatened to hold demonstrations at the venue and the invitation to Jagdish Tytler was withdrawn.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tytler resigned from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian government">Indian government</a> after being indicted by the official <a href="/wiki/Nanavati_Commission" title="Nanavati Commission">Nanavati Commission</a> of inciting mobs for violence.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_of_Physicians_of_Indian_Origin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin organised 15th Annual Global Health Summit as part of 5th Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav initiative at Avasa Hotel, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, India, during January 2022. Shri <a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a>, Hon'ble <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a>, was the Chief Guest.<sup id="cite_ref-aapi_ref2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aapi_ref2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the summit the theme on the benefits of <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental and emotional health</a> was stressed. <sup id="cite_ref-aapi_ref3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aapi_ref3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_of_Physicians_of_Indian_Origin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aapiusa.org/">"AAPI USA"</a>. <i>AAPI USA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.witness84.com&rft.atitle=Data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.witness84.com%2Fdoc%2Faapi.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Association+of+Physicians+of+Indian+Origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/08nanavati1.htm">"Nanavati report: Credible evidence against Tytler"</a>. <i>Rediff</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rediff&rft.atitle=Nanavati+report%3A+Credible+evidence+against+Tytler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2Faug%2F08nanavati1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Association+of+Physicians+of+Indian+Origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/">"Congress.gov - Library of Congress"</a>. <i>www.congress.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.congress.gov&rft.atitle=Congress.gov+-+Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Association+of+Physicians+of+Indian+Origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aapi_ref3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aapi_ref3_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPereira2022" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Pereira, James (8 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techilive.in/meditation-and-yoga-for-a-healthy-and-happier-life/">"Meditation and Yoga for a Healthy and Happier Life"</a> (Press release). techilive.in<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meditation+and+Yoga+for+a+Healthy+and+Happier+Life&rft.pub=techilive.in&rft.date=2022-01-08&rft.aulast=Pereira&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechilive.in%2Fmeditation-and-yoga-for-a-healthy-and-happier-life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Association+of+Physicians+of+Indian+Origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Association_of_Physicians_of_Indian_Origin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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