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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origjina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origjina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origjina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origjina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republika_e_Parë_e_Çekosllovakisë" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republika_e_Parë_e_Çekosllovakisë"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Republika e Parë e Çekosllovakisë</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republika_e_Parë_e_Çekosllovakisë-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Themelimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themelimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Themelimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themelimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periudha_mes_dy_luftërave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periudha_mes_dy_luftërave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Periudha mes dy luftërave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periudha_mes_dy_luftërave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politika subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zhvillimi_kushtetues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zhvillimi_kushtetues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Zhvillimi kushtetues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zhvillimi_kushtetues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krerët_e_shtetit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krerët_e_shtetit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Krerët e shtetit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krerët_e_shtetit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ndarjet_administrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ndarjet_administrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ndarjet administrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ndarjet_administrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekonomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arsimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arsimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Arsimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arsimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Feja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sporti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sporti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sporti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sporti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shënime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shënime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Shënime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shënime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Çekosllovakia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 141 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-141" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">141 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjeggo-Slowakye" title="Tsjeggo-Slowakye – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjeggo-Slowakye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechoslowakei" title="Tschechoslowakei – gjermanishte zvicerane" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschechoslowakei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte zvicerane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B8%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8E%E1%89%AB%E1%8A%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ቸኮስሎቫኪያ – amarisht" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቸኮስሎቫኪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia – aragonezisht" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Checoslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecoslofacia" title="Cecoslofacia – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cecoslofacia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تشيكوسلوفاكيا – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشيكوسلوفاكيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تشيكوصلوڤاكيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تشيكوصلوڤاكيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تشيكوسلوفاكيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيكوسلوفاكيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia – asturisht" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Checoslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87exoslovakiya" title="Çexoslovakiya – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çexoslovakiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="چک ایسلواکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چک ایسلواکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехословакия – bashkirisht" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чехословакия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkirisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechoslowakei" title="Tschechoslowakei – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschechoslowakei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekoslobakya" title="Tsekoslobakya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsekoslobakya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чэхаславакія – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэхаславакія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Чэхаславаччына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэхаславаччына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехословакия – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чехословакия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="চেকোস্লোভাকিয়া – bengalisht" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেকোস্লোভাকিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekoslovakia" title="Tchekoslovakia – bretonisht" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchekoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehoslova%C4%8Dka" title="Čehoslovačka – boshnjakisht" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čehoslovačka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="boshnjakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txecoslov%C3%A0quia" title="Txecoslovàquia – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txecoslovàquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8E%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%86%DA%A4%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="چێکۆسلۆڤاکیا – kurdishte qendrore" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چێکۆسلۆڤاکیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdishte qendrore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceskoslovensko" title="Československo – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Československo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Чехословаки – çuvashisht" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чехословаки" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvashisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiecoslofacia" title="Tsiecoslofacia – uellsisht" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsiecoslofacia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uellsisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjekkoslovakiet" title="Tjekkoslovakiet – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjekkoslovakiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechoslowakei" title="Tschechoslowakei – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschechoslowakei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekoslowakya" title="Çekoslowakya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çekoslowakya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceskos%C5%82owakska" title="Českosłowakska – sorbishte e poshtme" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Českosłowakska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorbishte e poshtme" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τσεχοσλοβακία – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσεχοσλοβακία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5oslovakio" title="Ĉeĥoslovakio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĥoslovakio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Checoslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhoslovakkia" title="Tšehhoslovakkia – estonisht" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšehhoslovakkia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekoslovakia" title="Txekoslovakia – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Checoslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="چکسلواکی – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چکسلواکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekkoslovakia" title="Tšekkoslovakia – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšekkoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsehhoslovakkia" title="Tsehhoslovakkia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsehhoslovakkia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A9coslovaquie" title="Tchécoslovaquie – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchécoslovaquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C2%B7%C3%A8coslovaquie" title="Tch·ècoslovaquie – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tch·ècoslovaquie" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechoslowakei" title="Tschechoslowakei – frisianishte veriore" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschechoslowakei" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisianishte veriore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecoslovachie" title="Cecoslovachie – friulianisht" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cecoslovachie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechoslowakije" title="Tsjechoslowakije – frizianishte perëndimore" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjechoslowakije" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizianishte perëndimore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeicsl%C3%B3vaic" title="An tSeicslóvaic – irlandisht" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeicslóvaic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Seic-Sl%C3%B2bhac" title="An t-Seic-Slòbhac – galishte skoceze" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Seic-Slòbhac" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="galishte skoceze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia – galicisht" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Checoslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heckoslovack" title="Yn Çheckoslovack – manksisht" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çheckoslovack" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="צ'כוסלובקיה – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'כוסלובקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="चेकोस्लोवाकिया – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चेकोस्लोवाकिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehoslova%C4%8Dka" title="Čehoslovačka – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čehoslovačka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%9Bskos%C5%82owakska" title="Čěskosłowakska – sorbishte e sipërme" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čěskosłowakska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorbishte e sipërme" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csehszlov%C3%A1kia" title="Csehszlovákia – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csehszlovákia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Չեխոսլովակիա – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեխոսլովակիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checoslovachia" title="Checoslovachia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Checoslovachia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekoslowakia" title="Cekoslowakia – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cekoslowakia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchecoslovakia" title="Tchecoslovakia – gjuha oksidentale" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tchecoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="gjuha oksidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekoslovakia" title="Chekoslovakia – idoisht" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chekoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9kk%C3%B3sl%C3%B3vak%C3%ADa" title="Tékkóslóvakía – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tékkóslóvakía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecoslovacchia" title="Cecoslovacchia – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cecoslovacchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A2" title="チェコスロバキア – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコスロバキア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9koslowakie" title="Cékoslowakie – javanisht" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cékoslowakie" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჩეხოსლოვაკია – gjeorgjisht" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხოსლოვაკია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gjeorgjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехословакия – kazakisht" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чехословакия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಚೆಕೊಸ್ಲೊವೇಕಿಯಾ – kanadisht" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೆಕೊಸ್ಲೊವೇಕಿಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanadisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%B0%94%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84" title="체코슬로바키아 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체코슬로바키아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехословакия – karaçaj-balkarisht" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Чехословакия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaçaj-balkarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekoslovakya" title="Çekoslovakya – kurdisht" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çekoslovakya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехословакия – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чехословакия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechoslovacia" title="Cechoslovacia – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cechoslovacia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekoslovakia" title="Chekoslovakia – ladinoisht" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Chekoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechoslowakei" title="Tschechoslowakei – luksemburgisht" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tschechoslowakei" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjecho-Slowakije" title="Tsjecho-Slowakije – limburgisht" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjecho-Slowakije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecoslovacchia" title="Cecoslovacchia – ligurianisht" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cecoslovacchia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecoslovacchia" title="Cecoslovacchia – lombardisht" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cecoslovacchia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%8D" title="ເຊັກໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ – laosisht" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຊັກໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekoslovakija" title="Čekoslovakija – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekoslovakija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehoslov%C4%81kija" title="Čehoslovākija – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehoslovākija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="चेकोस्लोभाकिया – maitilisht" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चेकोस्लोभाकिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maitilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsek%C3%B4sl%C3%B4vakia" title="Tsekôslôvakia – madagaskarisht" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsekôslôvakia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagaskarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чехословачка – maqedonisht" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чехословачка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maqedonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ചെക്കൊസ്ലൊവാക്യ – malajalamisht" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെക്കൊസ്ലൊവാക്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Чехословак – mongolisht" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чехословак" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯁꯤꯓꯦꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯚꯥꯀꯤꯌꯥ – manipurisht" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯤꯓꯦꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯚꯥꯀꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="चेकोस्लोव्हाकिया – maratisht" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चेकोस्लोव्हाकिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%86%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ချက်ကိုဆလိုဗားကီးယားနိုင်ငံ – birmanisht" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချက်ကိုဆလိုဗားကီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="چکسلواکی – mazanderanisht" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چکسلواکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="चेकोस्लोभाकिया – nepalisht" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चेकोस्लोभाकिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjecho-Slowakije" title="Tsjecho-Slowakije – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjecho-Slowakije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkoslovakia" title="Tsjekkoslovakia – norvegjishte nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjekkoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkoslovakia" title="Tsjekkoslovakia – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjekkoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia – oksitanisht" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Checoslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Чехословаки – osetisht" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чехословаки" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਚੈਕੋਸਲਵਾਕੀਆ – punxhabisht" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੈਕੋਸਲਵਾਕੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punxhabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A9coslovakie" title="Tchécoslovakie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tchécoslovakie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechos%C5%82owacja" title="Czechosłowacja – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czechosłowacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecoslovachia" title="Cecoslovachia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cecoslovachia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%81" title="چیکوسلواکیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیکوسلواکیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="چیکوسلواکيا – pashtoisht" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چیکوسلواکيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checoslov%C3%A1quia" title="Checoslováquia – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Checoslováquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikusluwakya" title="Chikusluwakya – keçuaisht" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chikusluwakya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keçuaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehoslovacia" title="Cehoslovacia – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cehoslovacia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехословакия – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чехословакия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Чеськословеньско – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чеськословеньско" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzecoslov%C3%A0chia" title="Tzecoslovàchia – sardenjisht" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tzecoslovàchia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardenjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecoslovacchia" title="Cecoslovacchia – siçilianisht" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cecoslovacchia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siçilianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakie" title="Czechoslovakie – skotisht" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Czechoslovakie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="چيڪوسلوواڪيا – sindisht" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چيڪوسلوواڪيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehoslova%C4%8Dka" title="Čehoslovačka – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čehoslovačka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="චෙකොස්ලෝවැකියාව – sinhalisht" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චෙකොස්ලෝවැකියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko-Slovensko" title="Česko-Slovensko – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Česko-Slovensko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1koslova%C5%A1ka" title="Češkoslovaška – sllovenisht" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Češkoslovaška" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sllovenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чехословачка – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чехословачка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechoslowak%C3%A4i" title="Tschechoslowakäi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tschechoslowakäi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeckoslovakien" title="Tjeckoslovakien – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjeckoslovakien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekoslovakia" title="Chekoslovakia – suahilisht" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chekoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="செக்கோசிலோவாக்கியா – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செக்கோசிலோவாக்கியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехословакия – taxhikisht" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чехословакия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxhikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศเชโกสโลวาเกีย – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเชโกสโลวาเกีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekoslovakya" title="Çekoslovakya – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekoslovakya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехословакия – tatarisht" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чехословакия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia – tumbukaisht" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbukaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Чехословаччина – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чехословаччина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%81" title="چیکو سلوواکیہ – urduisht" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چیکو سلوواکیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexoslovakiya" title="Chexoslovakiya – uzbekisht" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chexoslovakiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecoslov%C3%A0chia" title="Cecoslovàchia – venetisht" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cecoslovàchia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehoslovakii" title="Čehoslovakii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čehoslovakii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%87p_Kh%E1%BA%AFc" title="Tiệp Khắc – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiệp Khắc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechoslovakeye" title="Tsjechoslovakeye – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tsjechoslovakeye" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia – uarajisht" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="uarajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克 – kinezishte vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捷克斯洛伐克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinezishte vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჩეხოსლოვაკია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩეხოსლოვაკია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99" title="טשעכאסלאוואקיי – jidisht" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשעכאסלאוואקיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia – jorubaisht" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克 – kinezisht" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捷克斯洛伐克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="捷克斯洛伐克" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheskoslovakia" title="Cheskoslovakia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cheskoslovakia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克 – kantonezisht" lang="yue" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2594793">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%C3%87ekosllovakia&params=50_05_N_14_25_E_region:CZ_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°05′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.083°N 14.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.083; 14.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Nga Wikipedia, enciklopedia e lirë</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sq" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2594795">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2314194">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Çekosllovakia</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Československo</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1918–1992<br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2665148">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">1939–1945: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qeveria_%C3%A7ekosllovake_n%C3%AB_m%C3%ABrgim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qeveria çekosllovake në mërgim (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Qeveria në mërgim</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Çekosllovakia"><img alt="Flag of Çekosllovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flamuri_i_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flamuri i Çekosllovakisë">Flamuri</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Herb_Czechos%C5%82owacji_(1990-1992).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stema e mesme (1918–1938 dhe 1945–1961) e Çekosllovakia"><img alt="Stema e mesme (1918–1938 dhe 1945–1961) e Çekosllovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Herb_Czechos%C5%82owacji_%281990-1992%29.svg/85px-Herb_Czechos%C5%82owacji_%281990-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Herb_Czechos%C5%82owacji_%281990-1992%29.svg/128px-Herb_Czechos%C5%82owacji_%281990-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Herb_Czechos%C5%82owacji_%281990-1992%29.svg/170px-Herb_Czechos%C5%82owacji_%281990-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="831" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stema_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stema e Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Stema e mesme<br />(1918–1938 dhe 1945–1961)</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Parimi:</b> <span class="nowrap">'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda_v%C3%ADt%C4%9Bz%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pravda vítězí (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Pravda vítězí</a> / Pravda víťazí'<br />(Çekisht / Sllovakisht, 1918–1990)<br />'Veritas vincit' (<a href="/wiki/Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin">Latin</a>, 1990–1992)<br />'E vërteta mbizotëron'</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Himni:</b> '<a href="/wiki/Kde_domov_m%C5%AFj" title="Kde domov můj">Kde domov můj</a>' (Çekisht)<br />'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nad_Tatrou_sa_bl%C3%BDska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nad Tatrou sa blýska (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Nad Tatrou sa blýska</a>' (Sllovakisht)<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="101" data-mwtitle="Czechoslovakia_anthem.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Czechoslovakia_anthem.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/Czechoslovakia_anthem.ogg/Czechoslovakia_anthem.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Czechoslovakia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Çekosllovakia gjatë periudhës së ndërmjetme dhe Luftës së Ftohtë"><img alt="Çekosllovakia gjatë periudhës së ndërmjetme dhe Luftës së Ftohtë" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Czechoslovakia_location_map.svg/250px-Czechoslovakia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Czechoslovakia_location_map.svg/375px-Czechoslovakia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Czechoslovakia_location_map.svg/500px-Czechoslovakia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="526" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Çekosllovakia gjatë <a href="/wiki/Periudha_mes_dy_luft%C3%ABrave_bot%C3%ABrore" title="Periudha mes dy luftërave botërore">periudhës së ndërmjetme</a> dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufta_e_Ftoht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lufta e Ftoht (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Luftës së Ftohtë</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kryeqyteti</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2594793">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%C3%87ekosllovakia&params=50_05_N_14_25_E_region:CZ_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°05′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.083°N 14.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.083; 14.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Qyteti më i madh</th><td class="infobox-data">kryeqytet</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gjuhët zyrtare</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuha_%C3%A7ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuha çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Çekosllovakisht</a>, pas vitit 1948 <a href="/wiki/Gjuha_%C3%A7eke" title="Gjuha çeke">Çekisht</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gjuha_sllovake" title="Gjuha sllovake">Sllovakisht</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">Gjuhët e njohura</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2520769">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Gjermanisht</li><li>Hungarisht</li><li>Rusyn</li><li>Polonisht</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nofka</th><td class="infobox-data">Çekosllovak</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Qeveria</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lloji i qeverisjes</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_e_Par%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika e Parë Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republika e Parë</a><br />(1918–38)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_e_Dyt%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika e Dytë Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republika e Dytë</a><br />(1938–39)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_e_Tret%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika e Tretë Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republika e Tretë</a><br />(1945–48)<br /><a href="/wiki/Republika_Socialiste_%C3%87ekosllovake" title="Republika Socialiste Çekosllovake">Republika Socialiste</a><br />(1948–89)<br /><a href="/wiki/Republika_Federative_%C3%87eke_dhe_Sllovake" title="Republika Federative Çeke dhe Sllovake">Republika Federative</a><br />(1990–92)</span><hr /> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div>Detaje</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Republika_parlamentare" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika parlamentare">Republika parlamentare</a> <a href="/wiki/Shteti_unitar" title="Shteti unitar">unitare</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div>(1918–1938, 1945–1948) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Republika_parlamentare" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika parlamentare">Republika parlamentare</a> autoritare <a href="/wiki/Federata" title="Federata">federale</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rump_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rump state (nuk është shkruar akoma)">rump state</a>)<div style="clear:both;"></div>(1938–1939) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qeveria_n%C3%AB_m%C3%ABrgim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qeveria në mërgim (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Qeveria në mërgim</a><div style="clear:both;"></div>(1939–1945) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitary_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitary state (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Unitary</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist-Leninist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marxist-Leninist (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Marxist-Leninist</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Single-party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Single-party (nuk është shkruar akoma)">single-party</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist republic (nuk është shkruar akoma)">socialist republic</a><div style="clear:both;"></div>(1948–1969) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal republic (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Federal</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist-Leninist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marxist-Leninist (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Marxist-Leninist</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Single-party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Single-party (nuk është shkruar akoma)">single-party</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist republic (nuk është shkruar akoma)">socialist republic</a><div style="clear:both;"></div>(1969–1989) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal republic (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Federal</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliamentary republic (nuk është shkruar akoma)">parliamentary republic</a><div style="clear:both;"></div>(1989–1992) </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_e_president%C3%ABve_t%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista e presidentëve të Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Presidenti</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2594795"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1918–1935 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomáš Masaryk (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Tomáš G. Masaryk</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap">1935–1938 <b>·</b> 1945–1948</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1938–1939 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_H%C3%A1cha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil Hácha (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Emil Hácha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1948–1953 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1953–1957 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Zápotocký (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Antonín Zápotocký</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1957–1968 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Novotný (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Antonín Novotný</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1968–1975 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvík Svoboda (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Ludvík Svoboda</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1976–1989 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustáv Husák (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Gustáv Husák</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1989–1992 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partia_Komuniste_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partia Komuniste e Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Sekretari i Përgjithshëm KSČ / Sekretari i Parë</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2594795"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1948–1953 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1953–1968 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Novotný (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Antonín Novotný</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1968–1969 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Dubček (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Alexander Dubček</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1969–1987 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustáv Husák (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Gustáv Husák</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1987–1989 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milo%C5%A1_Jake%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miloš Jakeš (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Miloš Jakeš</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_e_kryeministrave_t%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista e kryeministrave të Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Kryeministri</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2594795"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1918–1919 (i pari) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_Kram%C3%A1%C5%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Kramář (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Karel Kramář</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1992 (i fundit) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Str%C3%A1sk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Stráský (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Jan Stráský</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kuvendi</th><td class="infobox-data">Asambleja Kombëtare Revolucionare (1918–1920)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asambleja_Komb%C3%ABtare_(%C3%87ekosllovaki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asambleja Kombëtare (Çekosllovaki) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Asambleja Kombëtare</a> (1920–1939)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asambleja_Komb%C3%ABtare_e_P%C3%ABrkohshme_(%C3%87ekosllovaki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asambleja Kombëtare e Përkohshme (Çekosllovaki) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Asambleja Kombëtare e Përkohshme</a> (1945–1946)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asambleja_Komb%C3%ABtare_Kushtetuese_(%C3%87ekosllovaki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asambleja Kombëtare Kushtetuese (Çekosllovaki) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Asambleja Kombëtare Kushtetuese</a> (1946–1948)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asambleja_Komb%C3%ABtare_(%C3%87ekosllovakia_Komuniste)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asambleja Kombëtare (Çekosllovakia Komuniste) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Asambleja Kombëtare</a> (1948–1969)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asambleja_Federale_(%C3%87ekosllovaki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asambleja Federale (Çekosllovaki) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Asambleja Federale</a> (1969–1992)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historia</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2594795"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_e_Par%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika e Parë Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Shpallja</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 tetor 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marr%C3%ABveshja_e_Mynihut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marrëveshja e Mynihut (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Marrëveshja e Mynihut</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 shtator 1938</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pushtimi_i_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB_(1938-1945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pushtimi i Çekosllovakisë (1938-1945) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Shpërbërja</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 mars 1939</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_e_Tret%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika e Tretë Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Rithemelimi</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 maj 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grusht_shteti_n%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovaki_1948&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grusht shteti në Çekosllovaki 1948 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Grusht shteti</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 shkurt 1948</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Soviet occupation</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 gusht 1968</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Revolucioni_i_Kadifes" title="Revolucioni i Kadifes">Revolucioni i Kadifes</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 – 28 nëntor 1989</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Shp%C3%ABrb%C3%ABrja_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB" title="Shpërbërja e Çekosllovakisë">Shpërbërja</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 janar 1993</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ekonomia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Monedha</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koruna_%C3%A7ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koruna çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Koruna çekosllovake</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Të dhëna të tjera</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeksi_i_zhvillimit_njer%C3%ABzor" title="Indeksi i zhvillimit njerëzor">IZHNJ</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2665148"><span class="nobold">(1990)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.897<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgreen;">shumë i lartë</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ana e drejtimit të makinës</th><td class="infobox-data">djathtë</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prefiksi telefonik</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+42 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">+42</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kodi_i_internetit_TLD" title="Kodi i internetit TLD">Kodi i internetit TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.cs" title=".cs">.cs</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Paraprirë nga</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungaria" title="Austro-Hungaria">Austro-Hungaria</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sot pjesë e</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2581005">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republika_%C3%87eke" title="Republika Çeke">Republika Çeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sllovakia" title="Sllovakia">Sllovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakarpattia_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakarpattia Oblast (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Zakarpattia Oblast</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn">Kodi i thirrjes +42 u tërhoq në dimrin e vitit 1997. Gama e numrave u nda mes <a href="/wiki/Republika_%C3%87eke" title="Republika Çeke">Republikës Çeke</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B420&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+420 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">+420</a>) dhe <a href="/wiki/Sllovakia" title="Sllovakia">Republikës Sllovake</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B421&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+421 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">+421</a>).<br />Kodi i tanishëm <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-3 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ISO 3166-3</a> është "CSHH".</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Çekosllovakia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gjuha_%C3%A7eke" title="Gjuha çeke">çekisht</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Gjuha_sllovake" title="Gjuha sllovake">sllovakisht</a>: <i>Československo</i>, <i>Česko-Slovensko</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ishte një <a href="/wiki/Shteti_pa_dalje_n%C3%AB_det" title="Shteti pa dalje në det">shtet pa dalje në det</a> në <a href="/wiki/Evropa_Qendrore" title="Evropa Qendrore">Evropën Qendrore</a>, i krijuar në vitin 1918, kur shpalli pavarësinë nga <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungaria" title="Austro-Hungaria">Austro-Hungaria</a>. Në vitin 1938, pas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marr%C3%ABveshja_e_Mynihut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marrëveshja e Mynihut (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Marrëveshjes së Mynihut</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudetenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudetenland (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Sudetenland</a> u bë pjesë e <a href="/wiki/Gjermania_Naziste" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjermania Naziste">Gjermanisë Naziste</a>, ndërsa vendi humbi territore të tjera ndaj <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Vienna_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Vienna Award (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Hungarisë</a> dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-Olza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans-Olza (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Polonisë</a> (territoret e Sllovakisë jugore me një popullsi kryesisht hungareze në Hungari dhe Zaolzie në Poloni). Midis 1939 dhe 1945, shteti pushoi së ekzistuari, pasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_Sllovake_(1939-1945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika Sllovake (1939-1945) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Sllovakia</a> shpalli pavarësinë e saj dhe Rutenia Karpate u bë pjesë e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbret%C3%ABria_e_Hungaris%C3%AB_(1920-1946)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbretëria e Hungarisë (1920-1946) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Hungarisë</a>, ndërsa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protektorati_i_Bohemis%C3%AB_dhe_Moravis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protektorati i Bohemisë dhe Moravisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Protektorati i Bohemisë dhe Moravisë</a> gjermane u shpall në pjesën e mbetur të <a href="/wiki/Tokat_%C3%A7eke" title="Tokat çeke">Tokave Çeke</a>. Në vitin 1939, pas shpërthimit të <a href="/wiki/Lufta_e_Dyt%C3%AB_Bot%C3%ABrore" title="Lufta e Dytë Botërore">Luftës së Dytë Botërore</a>, ish-presidenti çekosllovak <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> formoi një <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qeveria_%C3%A7ekosllovake_n%C3%AB_m%C3%ABrgim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qeveria çekosllovake në mërgim (nuk është shkruar akoma)">qeveri në mërgim</a> dhe kërkoi njohje nga <a href="/wiki/Aleat%C3%ABt_e_Luft%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Dyt%C3%AB_Bot%C3%ABrore" title="Aleatët e Luftës së Dytë Botërore">aleatët</a>. </p><p>Pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore, Çekosllovakia u rivendos nën kufijtë e saj të para vitit 1938, me përjashtim të <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenia_Karpate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenia Karpate (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Rutenisë Karpate</a>, e cila u bë pjesë e <a href="/wiki/Republika_Socialiste_Sovjetike_e_Ukrain%C3%ABs" title="Republika Socialiste Sovjetike e Ukrainës">RSS-së Ukrainase</a> (një republikë e <a href="/wiki/Bashkimi_Sovjetik" title="Bashkimi Sovjetik">Bashkimit Sovjetik</a>). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partia_Komuniste_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partia Komuniste e Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Partia Komuniste</a> mori pushtetin me një grusht shteti në vitin 1948. Nga viti 1948 deri në 1989, Çekosllovakia ishte pjesë e <a href="/wiki/Blloku_Lindor" title="Blloku Lindor">Bllokut Lindor</a> me një <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomia_e_planifikuar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomia e planifikuar (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ekonomi të planifikuar</a>. Statusi i saj ekonomik u zyrtarizua në anëtarësimin e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comecon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comecon (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Comecon</a> nga viti 1949 dhe statusi i tij i mbrojtjes në <a href="/wiki/Pakti_i_Varshav%C3%ABs" title="Pakti i Varshavës">Paktin e Varshavës</a> të vitit 1955. Një periudhë e liberalizimit politik në 1968, <a href="/wiki/Pranvera_e_Prag%C3%ABs" title="Pranvera e Pragës">Pranvera e Pragës</a>, përfundoi kur Bashkimi Sovjetik, i ndihmuar nga vende të tjera të Paktit të Varshavës, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pushtimi_i_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB_nga_Pakti_i_Varshav%C3%ABs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pushtimi i Çekosllovakisë nga Pakti i Varshavës (nuk është shkruar akoma)">pushtoi Çekosllovakinë</a>. Në vitin 1989, ndërsa qeveritë <a href="/wiki/Marksiz%C3%ABm%E2%80%93Leninizmi" title="Marksizëm–Leninizmi">marksiste-leniniste</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Komunizmi" title="Komunizmi">komunizmi</a> po <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolucionet_e_vitit_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolucionet e vitit 1989 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">përfundonin në të gjithë Evropën Qendrore dhe Lindore</a>, Çekosllovakët rrëzuan në mënyrë paqësore qeverinë e tyre komuniste gjatë <a href="/wiki/Revolucioni_i_Kadifes" title="Revolucioni i Kadifes">Revolucionit të Kadifes</a>, i cili filloi më 17 nëntor 1989 dhe përfundoi 11 ditë më vonë më 28 nëntor, kur të gjithë udhëheqësit më të lartë komunistë dhe vetë Partia Komuniste dhanë dorëheqjen. Më 31 dhjetor 1992, Çekosllovakia <a href="/wiki/Shp%C3%ABrb%C3%ABrja_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB" title="Shpërbërja e Çekosllovakisë">u nda në mënyrë paqësore</a> në dy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shteti_i_pavarur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shteti i pavarur (nuk është shkruar akoma)">shtetet sovrane</a> të <a href="/wiki/Republika_%C3%87eke" title="Republika Çeke">Republikës Çeke</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Sllovakia" title="Sllovakia">Sllovakisë</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emrat">Emrat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Emrat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Emrat"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2363614">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Shiko gjithashtu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emri_i_Republik%C3%ABs_%C3%87eke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emri i Republikës Çeke (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Emri i Republikës Çeke</a></div> <ul><li>1918–1938: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_e_Par%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika e Parë Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republika Çekosllovake</a></b> (shkurtuar ČSR), ose Çekosllovakia, para zyrtarizimit të emrit në vitin 1920, e njohur edhe si Çeko-Sllovakia ose shteti çeko-sllovak.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1938–1939: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_e_Dyt%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika e Dytë Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republika Çeko-Sllovake</a></b>, ose Çeko-Sllovakia</li> <li>1945–1960: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_e_Tret%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika e Tretë Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republika Çekosllovake</a></b> (ČSR), ose Çekosllovakia</li> <li>1960–1990: <b><a href="/wiki/Republika_Socialiste_%C3%87ekosllovake" title="Republika Socialiste Çekosllovake">Republika Socialiste Çekosllovake</a></b> (ČSSR), ose Çekosllovakia</li> <li>1990: <b>Republika Federative Çekosllovake</b> (ČSFR)</li> <li>1990–1992: <b><a href="/wiki/Republika_Federative_%C3%87eke_dhe_Sllovake" title="Republika Federative Çeke dhe Sllovake">Republika Federative Çeke dhe Sllovake</a></b> (ČSFR), ose Çekosllovakia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakto pjesën: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia e Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Historia e Çekosllovakisë</a></i></dd></dl></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origjina">Origjina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakto pjesën: Origjina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Origjina"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Origjina_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Origjina e Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Origjina e Çekosllovakisë</a></i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/220px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/330px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/440px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a>, themeluesi dhe presidenti i parë</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:28._%C5%99%C3%ADjen_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/28._%C5%99%C3%ADjen_1918.jpg/220px-28._%C5%99%C3%ADjen_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/28._%C5%99%C3%ADjen_1918.jpg/330px-28._%C5%99%C3%ADjen_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/28._%C5%99%C3%ADjen_1918.jpg/440px-28._%C5%99%C3%ADjen_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Tubimi i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shpallja_e_pavar%C3%ABsis%C3%AB_s%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shpallja e pavarësisë së Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">shpalljes së pavarësisë së Çekosllovakisë</a> në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi_Wenceslas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheshi Wenceslas (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Sheshin Wenceslas</a>, Pragë, 28 tetor 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>Zona ishte pjesë e <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungaria" title="Austro-Hungaria">Perandorisë Austro-Hungareze</a> derisa u shemb në fund të <a href="/wiki/Lufta_e_Par%C3%AB_Bot%C3%ABrore" title="Lufta e Parë Botërore">Luftës së Parë Botërore</a>. Shteti i ri u themelua nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i cili shërbeu si presidenti i tij i parë nga 14 nëntor 1918 deri më 14 dhjetor 1935. Ai u pasua nga aleati i tij i ngushtë <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> (1884–1948). </p><p>Rrënjët e nacionalizmit çek datojnë në shekullin e 19-të, kur filologët dhe edukatorët, të ndikuar nga <a href="/wiki/Romanticizmi" title="Romanticizmi">romanticizmi</a>, promovuan <a href="/wiki/Gjuha_%C3%A7eke" title="Gjuha çeke">gjuhën çeke</a> dhe krenarinë për <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek%C3%ABt" title="Çekët">popullin çek</a>. Nacionalizmi u bë një lëvizje masive në gjysmën e dytë të shekullit të 19-të. Duke përfituar nga mundësitë e kufizuara për pjesëmarrje në jetën politike nën sundimin austriak, udhëheqësit çekë si historiani <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD" title="František Palacký">František Palacký</a> (1798–1876) themeluan organizata të ndryshme patriotike, vetëndihmëse, të cilat u dhanë mundësinë shumë bashkatdhetarëve të tyre të merrnin pjesë në jetën e përbashkët para pavarësisë. Palacký mbështeti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-sllavizmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austro-sllavizmi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">austro-sllavizmin</a> dhe punoi për një perandori federale austriake të riorganizuar, e cila do të mbronte popujt sllavishtfolës të Evropës Qendrore kundër kërcënimeve ruse dhe gjermane. </p><p>Një avokat i reformës demokratike dhe autonomisë çeke brenda Austro-Hungarisë, Masaryk u zgjodh dy herë në <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsrat_(Austri)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsrat (Austri) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Reichsrat</a></i> (Parlamenti austriak), nga 1891 deri në 1893 për <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partia_e_Rinj_%C3%87eke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partia e Rinj Çeke (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Partinë e Rinj Çeke</a> dhe nga 1907 në 1914 për <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partia_Realiste_%C3%87eke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partia Realiste Çeke (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Partinë Realiste Çeke</a>, të cilën ai e kishte themeluar në 1889 me <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_Kram%C3%A1%C5%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Kramář (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Karel Kramář</a> dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Kaizl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Kaizl (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Josef Kaizl</a>. </p><p>Gjatë <a href="/wiki/Lufta_e_Par%C3%AB_Bot%C3%ABrore" title="Lufta e Parë Botërore">Luftës së Parë Botërore</a>, një numër çekësh dhe sllovakësh, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legjionet_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legjionet Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Legjionet Çekosllovake</a>, luftuan me <a href="/wiki/Aleat%C3%ABt_e_Luft%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Par%C3%AB_Bot%C3%ABrore" title="Aleatët e Luftës së Parë Botërore">aleatët</a> në Francë dhe Itali, ndërsa një numër i madh dezertuan në Rusi në këmbim të mbështetjes së saj për pavarësinë e Çekosllovakisë nga Perandoria Austriake.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Me shpërthimin e Luftës së Parë Botërore, Masaryk filloi të punonte për pavarësinë çeke në një bashkim me Sllovakinë. Me Edvard Beneš dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milan_Rastislav_%C5%A0tef%C3%A1nik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milan Rastislav Štefánik (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Milan Rastislav Štefánik</a>, Masaryk vizitoi disa vende perëndimore dhe fitoi mbështetjen e publicistëve me ndikim.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%ABshilli_Komb%C3%ABtar_%C3%87ekosllovak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Këshilli Kombëtar Çekosllovak (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Këshilli Kombëtar Çekosllovak</a> ishte organizata kryesore që avancoi pretendimet për një shtet çekosllovak.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republika_e_Parë_e_Çekosllovakisë"><span id="Republika_e_Par.C3.AB_e_.C3.87ekosllovakis.C3.AB"></span>Republika e Parë e Çekosllovakisë</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakto pjesën: Republika e Parë e Çekosllovakisë" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Republika e Parë e Çekosllovakisë"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_e_Par%C3%AB_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika e Parë e Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republika e Parë e Çekosllovakisë</a></i></dd></dl></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Themelimi">Themelimi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakto pjesën: Themelimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Themelimi"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbret%C3%ABria_Bohemiane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbretëria Bohemiane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Mbretëria Bohemiane</a> pushoi së ekzistuari në vitin 1918 kur u përfshi në Çekosllovaki. Çekosllovakia u themelua në tetor 1918, si një nga shtetet pasardhëse të Perandorisë Austro-Hungareze në fund të Luftës së Parë Botërore dhe si pjesë e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traktati_i_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traktati i Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Traktatit të Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>. Ai përbëhej nga territoret e sotme të <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemisë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravisë</a>, pjesë të <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silesia (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Silesisë</a> që përbëjnë <a href="/wiki/Republika_%C3%87eke" title="Republika Çeke">Republikën e Çeke</a> të sotme, <a href="/wiki/Sllovakia" title="Sllovakia">Sllovakinë</a> dhe një rajon të <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukrainës</a> së sotme të quajtur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenia_Karpate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenia Karpate (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Rutenia Karpate</a>. Territori i saj përfshinte disa nga rajonet më të industrializuara të ish-Austro-Hungarisë. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periudha_mes_dy_luftërave"><span id="Periudha_mes_dy_luft.C3.ABrave"></span>Periudha mes dy luftërave</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakto pjesën: Periudha mes dy luftërave" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Periudha mes dy luftërave"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gjatë periudhës ndërmjet dy luftërave botërore, Çekosllovakia ishte një shtet demokratik. Popullsia ishte përgjithësisht e ditur dhe përmbante më pak grupe të tjetërsuar. Ndikimi i këtyre kushteve u shtua nga vlerat politike të udhëheqësve të Çekosllovakisë dhe politikat që ata morrën. Nën Tomas Masaryk, politikanët çekë dhe sllovakë promovuan kushte progresive sociale dhe ekonomike që shërbyen për të zbutur pakënaqësinë. </p><p>Ministri i Jashtëm Beneš u bë arkitekti kryesor i aleancës çekosllovako-rumune-jugosllave ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Antanta_e_Vog%C3%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antanta e Vogël (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Antanta e Vogël</a>", 1921-38) drejtuar kundër përpjekjeve hungareze për të rimarrë zonat e humbura. Beneš punoi ngushtë me Francën. Shumë më i rrezikshëm ishte elementi gjerman, i cili pas vitit 1933 u bë aleat me nazistët në Gjermani. </p><p>Marrëdhëniet çeko-sllovake u bënë një çështje qendrore në politikën çekosllovake gjatë viteve 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ndjenja në rritje e inferioritetit midis sllovakëve,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> që ishin armiqësorë ndaj çekëve më të shumtë, e dobësoi vendin në fund të viteve 1930. Sllovakia u bë autonome në vjeshtën e vitit 1938, dhe nga mesi i vitit 1939, Sllovakia ishte bërë e pavarur, me <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_Sllovake_(1939-1945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika Sllovake (1939-1945) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republikën e Parë Sllovake</a> të krijuar si një <a href="/wiki/Shtet_satelit" class="mw-redirect" title="Shtet satelit">shtet satelit</a> i Gjermanisë Naziste dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partia_Popullore_Sllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partia Popullore Sllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Partisë Popullore Sllovake</a> të ekstremit të djathtë në pushtet.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pas vitit 1933, Çekosllovakia mbeti e vetmja demokraci në Evropën Qendrore dhe Lindore.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politika">Politika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redakto pjesën: Politika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Politika"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2363614"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Shiko gjithashtu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistemi_shtet%C3%ABror_i_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB_Komuniste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistemi shtetëror i Çekosllovakisë Komuniste (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Sistemi shtetëror i Çekosllovakisë Komuniste</a></div> <p>Pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore, një monopol politik u mbajt nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partia_Komuniste_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partia Komuniste e Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Partia Komuniste e Çekosllovakisë</a> (KSČ). Kreu i KSČ ishte <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" class="mw-redirect" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> personi më i fuqishëm në vend gjatë kësaj periudhe. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustáv Husák (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Gustáv Husák</a> u zgjodh sekretar i parë i KSČ-së në vitin 1969 (u ndryshua në sekretar të përgjithshëm në vitin 1971) dhe president i Çekosllovakisë në vitin 1975. Parti dhe organizata të tjera ekzistonin, por funksiononin në role vartëse të KSČ. Nën ombrellën e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fronti_Komb%C3%ABtar_(%C3%87ekosllovaki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fronti Kombëtar (Çekosllovaki) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Frontit Kombëtar</a> u grupuan të gjitha partitë politike, si dhe organizata të shumta masive. Aktivistët e të drejtave të njeriut dhe aktivistët fetarë u shtypën ashpër. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_-_FS.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_-_FS.JPG/170px-N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_-_FS.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_-_FS.JPG/255px-N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_-_FS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_-_FS.JPG/340px-N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_-_FS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asambleja_Federale_(%C3%87ekosllovaki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asambleja Federale (Çekosllovaki) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Asambleja Federale</a> në Prague</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zhvillimi_kushtetues">Zhvillimi kushtetues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redakto pjesën: Zhvillimi kushtetues" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Zhvillimi kushtetues"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Çekosllovakia kishte kushtetutat e mëposhtme gjatë historisë së saj (1918-1992): </p> <ul><li>Kushtetuta e përkohshme e 14 nëntorit 1918 (demokratike): shih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB_(1918%E2%80%931938)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia e Çekosllovakisë (1918–1938) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Historia e Çekosllovakisë (1918–1938)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushtetuta_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB_e_vitit_1920&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushtetuta e Çekosllovakisë e vitit 1920 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Kushtetuta e vitit 1920</a> (Dokumenti Kushtetues i Republikës Çekosllovake), demokratike, në fuqi deri më 1948, disa amendamente</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushtetuta_e_9_majit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushtetuta e 9 majit (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Kushtetuta komuniste e nëntë majit</a> 1948</li> <li>Kushtetuta komuniste e vitit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushtetuta_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB_1960&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushtetuta e Çekosllovakisë 1960 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">1960</a> e Republikës Socialiste të Çekosllovakisë me ndryshime të mëdha në 1968 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Akti_kushtetues_p%C3%ABr_Federat%C3%ABn_%C3%87ekosllovake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akti kushtetues për Federatën Çekosllovake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Ligji Kushtetues i Federatës</a>), 1971, 1975, 1978 dhe 1989 (në të cilën pikë roli drejtues i Partisë Komuniste u hoq). Ai u ndryshua disa herë të tjera gjatë viteve 1990-1992 (për shembull, 1990, ndryshimi i emrit në Çeko-Sllovaki, 1991 inkorporimi i kartës së të drejtave të njeriut)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Krerët_e_shtetit"><span id="Krer.C3.ABt_e_shtetit"></span>Krerët e shtetit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redakto pjesën: Krerët e shtetit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Krerët e shtetit"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_e_president%C3%ABve_t%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista e presidentëve të Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Lista e presidentëve të Çekosllovakisë</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_e_kryeministrave_t%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista e kryeministrave të Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Lista e kryeministrave të Çekosllovakisë</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ndarjet_administrative">Ndarjet administrative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redakto pjesën: Ndarjet administrative" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ndarjet administrative"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndarjet_administrative_t%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndarjet administrative të Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Ndarjet administrative të Çekosllovakisë</a></i></dd></dl></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografia">Demografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redakto pjesën: Demografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Demografia"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografia_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografia e Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Demografia e Çekosllovakisë</a></i></dd></dl></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomia">Ekonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redakto pjesën: Ekonomia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomia"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomia_e_%C3%87ekosllovakis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomia e Çekosllovakisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Ekonomia e Çekosllovakisë</a></i></dd></dl></div> <p>Para Luftës së Dytë Botërore, ekonomia ishte pothuajse e katërta në të gjitha vendet industriale në Evropë. Shteti bazohej në ekonomi të fortë, në prodhimin e makinave ((<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatra_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatra (company) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Tatra</a>)), tramvajeve, avionëve ([Aero Vodochody|Aero]], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avia (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Avia</a>), anijeve, motorëve të anijeve ([Škoda Works|Škoda]]), topave, këpucëve (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bata_Shoes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bata Shoes (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Baťa</a>), turbinave, armëve ([Zbrojovka Brno]]). Ishte punishte industriale për perandorinë austro-hungareze. Tokat sllovake mbështeteshin më shumë në bujqësi sesa tokat çeke. </p><p>Pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore, ekonomia ishte e planifikuar në mënyrë qendrore, me lidhje komanduese të kontrolluara nga partia komuniste, ngjashëm me <a href="/wiki/Bashkimi_Sovjetik" title="Bashkimi Sovjetik">Bashkimin Sovjetik</a>. Industria e madhe metalurgjike ishte e varur nga importet e hekurit dhe xeheve me ngjyra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arsimi">Arsimi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redakto pjesën: Arsimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Arsimi"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsimi_n%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsimi në Çekosllovaki (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Arsimi në Çekosllovaki</a></i></dd></dl></div> <p>Arsimi ishte falas në të gjitha nivelet<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dhe i detyrueshëm nga mosha 6 deri në 15 vjeç. Shumica dërrmuese e popullsisë ishin <a href="/wiki/Shkrim-leximi" title="Shkrim-leximi">të shkolluar</a>. Kishte një sistem shumë të zhvilluar të formimit të praktikës dhe <a href="/wiki/Shkolla_profesionale" title="Shkolla profesionale">shkollat profesionale</a> plotësonin <a href="/wiki/Shkolla_e_mesme" title="Shkolla e mesme">shkollat e mesme</a> të përgjithshme dhe institucionet e <a href="/wiki/Arsimi_i_lart%C3%AB" title="Arsimi i lartë">arsimit të lartë</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feja">Feja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redakto pjesën: Feja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Feja"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feja_n%C3%AB_%C3%87ekosllovaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feja në Çekosllovaki (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Feja në Çekosllovaki</a></i></dd></dl></div> <p>Në vitin 1991, 46% e popullsisë ishin <a href="/wiki/Kisha_Katolike_Romake" class="mw-redirect" title="Kisha Katolike Romake">katolikë romakë</a>, 5.3% ishin <a href="/wiki/Luteranizmi" title="Luteranizmi">luteranë ungjillorë</a>, 30% ishin <a href="/wiki/Ateizmi" title="Ateizmi">ateistë</a> dhe fetë e tjera përbënin 17% të vendit, por kishte dallime të mëdha në praktikat fetare midis dy republikave përbërëse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sporti">Sporti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redakto pjesën: Sporti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Sporti"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Komb%C3%ABtarja_%C3%A7ekosllovake_e_futbollit" title="Kombëtarja çekosllovake e futbollit">Kombëtarja çekosllovake e futbollit</a> ishte një performues i qëndrueshëm në skenën ndërkombëtare, me tetë paraqitje në finalet e <a href="/wiki/Kampionati_Bot%C3%ABror_i_Futbollit" title="Kampionati Botëror i Futbollit">FIFA Kupës së Botës</a>, duke përfunduar në vendin e dytë në vitet 1934 dhe 1962. Skuadra gjithashtu fitoi <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Kampionati_Evropian_i_Futbollit" title="UEFA Kampionati Evropian i Futbollit">Kampionatin Evropian të Futbollit</a> në 1976, doli i treti në 1980, dhe fitoi <a href="/wiki/Futbolli_n%C3%AB_Loj%C3%ABrat_Olimpike_Verore" title="Futbolli në Lojërat Olimpike Verore">medaljen e artë olimpike</a> në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Futbolli_n%C3%AB_Loj%C3%ABrat_Olimpike_Verore_1980&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Futbolli në Lojërat Olimpike Verore 1980 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">1980</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shënime"><span id="Sh.C3.ABnime"></span>Shënime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redakto pjesën: Shënime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Shënime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Në gjuhët e tjera të njohura të Çekosllovakisë::<div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gjuha_gjermane" title="Gjuha gjermane">Gjermanisht</a>: <i>Tschechoslowakei</i></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gjuha_hungareze" title="Gjuha hungareze">Hungarisht</a>: <i>Csehszlovákia</i></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gjuha_polake" title="Gjuha polake">Polonisht</a>: <i>Czechosłowacja</i></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rusyn (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Rusyn</a>: Чеськословеньско, <i>Cheskoslovensko</i></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jidish" title="Jidish">Jidish</a>: טשעכאסלאוואקיי, <i>Tshekhaslavakey</i></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><small>Shqiptimi çek: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndihm%C3%AB:IPA_for_Czech_and_Slovak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndihmë:IPA for Czech and Slovak (nuk është shkruar akoma)">[ˈtʃɛskoslovɛnsko]</a></span>, <small>Shqiptimi sllovak: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndihm%C3%AB:IPA_for_Slovak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndihmë:IPA for Slovak (nuk është shkruar akoma)">[ˈtʂeskɔslɔʋenskɔ]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referime">Referime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redakto pjesën: Referime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ekosllovakia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Referime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2706204">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/221/hdr_1992_en_complete_nostats.pdf">"Human Development Report 1992"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>hdr.undp.org</i> (në anglisht). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/221/hdr_1992_en_complete_nostats.pdf">Arkivuar</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> nga origjinali më 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdr.undp.org&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Report+1992&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Freports%2F221%2Fhdr_1992_en_complete_nostats.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ekosllovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFVotruba" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Votruba, Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015043127/http://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/qsonhist/spellczechoslovakia.html">"Czecho-Slovakia or Czechoslovakia"</a>. <i>Slovak Studies Program</i> (në anglisht). University of Pittsburgh. Arkivuar nga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/qsonhist/spellczechoslovakia.html">origjinali</a> më 15 tetor 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. fq. 159. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-521-80253-6" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-521-80253-6"><bdi>978-0-521-80253-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovakia+in+History&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80253-6&rft.aulast=Teich&rft.aufirst=Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1&rft.au=Kov%C3%A1%C4%8D%2C+Du%C5%A1an&rft.au=Brown%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ekosllovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nazis-take-czechoslovakia">"Nazis take Czechoslovakia"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i> (në anglisht)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. fq. 175–177. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-521-80253-6" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-521-80253-6"><bdi>978-0-521-80253-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovakia+in+History&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=175-177&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80253-6&rft.aulast=Teich&rft.aufirst=Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1&rft.au=Kov%C3%A1%C4%8D%2C+Du%C5%A1an&rft.au=Brown%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ekosllovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFGorazd_MeskoCharles_B._FieldsBranko_LobnikarAndrej_Sotlar" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gorazd Mesko; Charles B. 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McFarland. fq. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Czechoslovakia%3A+Behind+the+Curtain+Life%2C+Work+and+Culture+in+the+Communist+Era&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Thomas+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ekosllovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Marrë nga "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Çekosllovakia&oldid=2662022">https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Çekosllovakia&oldid=2662022</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:Kategorit%C3%AB" title="Speciale:Kategoritë">Kategoritë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Pages_with_plain_IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Pages with plain IPA (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_flag_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Kategoria:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Artikuj_me_stampa_sh%C3%ABnimesh_q%C3%AB_sh%C3%ABnjestrojn%C3%AB_faqe_joekzistuese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Artikuj me stampa shënimesh që shënjestrojnë faqe joekzistuese (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Artikuj me stampa shënimesh që shënjestrojnë faqe joekzistuese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:%C3%87ekosllovaki" title="Kategoria:Çekosllovaki">Çekosllovaki</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Blloku_Lindor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Blloku Lindor (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Blloku Lindor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Republika_t%C3%AB_shuara" title="Kategoria:Republika të shuara">Republika të shuara</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Shtete_t%C3%AB_shuara_n%C3%AB_Evrop%C3%AB" title="Kategoria:Shtete të shuara në Evropë">Shtete të shuara në Evropë</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Shtete_dhe_territore_t%C3%AB_krijuara_n%C3%AB_1918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Shtete dhe territore të krijuara në 1918 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Shtete dhe territore të krijuara në 1918</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Shtete_dhe_territore_t%C3%AB_shp%C3%ABrb%C3%ABra_n%C3%AB_1939&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Shtete dhe territore të shpërbëra në 1939 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Shtete dhe territore të shpërbëra në 1939</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Shtete_dhe_territore_t%C3%AB_krijuara_n%C3%AB_1945&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Shtete dhe territore të krijuara në 1945 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Shtete dhe territore të krijuara në 1945</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Shtete_dhe_territore_t%C3%AB_shp%C3%ABrb%C3%ABra_n%C3%AB_1992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Shtete dhe territore të shpërbëra në 1992 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Shtete dhe territore të shpërbëra në 1992</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori të fshehura: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Vetit%C3%AB_CS1:_Burime_n%C3%AB_anglisht_(en)" title="Kategoria:Vetitë CS1: Burime në anglisht (en)">Vetitë CS1: Burime në anglisht (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Koordinatat_n%C3%AB_Wikidata" title="Kategoria:Koordinatat në Wikidata">Koordinatat në Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kjo faqe është redaktuar për herë te fundit më 9 maj 2024, në orën 22:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Të gjitha materialet që gjenden në këtë faqë janë të mbrojtura nga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>;. 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