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<button class="button is-small is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.19408">arXiv:2402.19408</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.19408">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2402.19408">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169672">10.1016/j.nima.2024.169672 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> In-beam performance of a Resistive Plate Chamber operated with eco-friendly gas mixtures </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Quaglia%2C+L">L. Quaglia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abbrescia%2C+M">M. Abbrescia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aielli%2C+G">G. Aielli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aly%2C+R">R. Aly</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arena%2C+M+C">M. C. Arena</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barroso%2C+M">M. Barroso</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benussi%2C+L">L. Benussi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bianco%2C+S">S. Bianco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boscherini%2C+D">D. Boscherini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bordon%2C+F">F. Bordon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bruni%2C+A">A. Bruni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Buontempo%2C+S">S. Buontempo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Busato%2C+M">M. Busato</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Camarri%2C+P">P. Camarri</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cardarelli%2C+R">R. Cardarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Congedo%2C+L">L. Congedo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Damiao%2C+D+D+J">D. De Jesus Damiao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Serio%2C+M">M. De Serio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Ciaccio%2C+A">A. Di Ciaccio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Stante%2C+L">L. Di Stante</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dupieux%2C+P">P. Dupieux</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Eysermans%2C+J">J. Eysermans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferretti%2C+A">A. Ferretti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Galati%2C+G">G. Galati</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gagliardi%2C+M">M. Gagliardi</a> , et al. (32 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.19408v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) studies the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP): a deconfined state of matter obtained in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. One of the probes for QGP study are quarkonia and open heavy flavour, of which ALICE exploits the muonic decay. A set of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), placed in the forward rapidity region of the ALICE detector, is used for muon identifi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.19408v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2402.19408v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.19408v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) studies the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP): a deconfined state of matter obtained in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. One of the probes for QGP study are quarkonia and open heavy flavour, of which ALICE exploits the muonic decay. A set of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), placed in the forward rapidity region of the ALICE detector, is used for muon identification purposes. The correct operation of these detectors is ensured by the choice of the proper gas mixture. Currently they are operated with a mixture of C$_{2}$H$_{2}$F$_{4}$, i-C$_{4}$H$_{10}$ and SF$_{6}$ but, starting from 2017, new EU regulations have enforced a progressive phase-out of C$_{2}$H$_{2}$F$_{4}$ because of its large Global Warming Potential (GWP), making it difficult and costly to purchase. CERN asked LHC experiments to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, to which RPC operation contributes significantly. A possible candidate for C$_{2}$H$_{2}$F$_{4}$ replacement is the C$_{3}$H$_{2}$F$_{4}$ (diluted with other gases, such as CO$_{2}$), which has been extensively tested using cosmic rays. Promising gas mixtures have been devised; the next crucial steps are the detailed in-beam characterization of such mixtures as well as the study of their performance under increasing irradiation levels. This contribution will describe the methodology and results of beam tests carried out at the CERN GIF++ (equipped with a high activity $^{137}$Cs source and muon beam) with an ALICE-like RPC prototype, operated with several mixtures with varying proportions of CO$_{2}$, C$_{3}$H$_{2}$F$_{4}$, i-C$_{4}$H$_{10}$ and SF$_{6}$ . Absorbed currents, efficiencies, prompt charges, cluster sizes, time resolutions and rate capabilities will be presented, both from digitized (for detailed shape and charge analysis) and discriminated (using the same front-end electronics as employed in ALICE) signals. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.19408v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2402.19408v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 29 February, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.19395">arXiv:2402.19395</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.19395">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2402.19395">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169747">10.1016/j.nima.2024.169747 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Exploring Eco-Friendly Gas Mixtures for Resistive Plate Chambers: A Comprehensive Study on Performance and Aging </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=collaboration%2C+T+R+E">The RPC ECOGas@GIF++ collaboration</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=%3A"> :</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Quaglia%2C+L">L. Quaglia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abbrescia%2C+M">M. Abbrescia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aielli%2C+G">G. Aielli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aly%2C+R">R. Aly</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arena%2C+M+C">M. C. Arena</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barroso%2C+M">M. Barroso</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benussi%2C+L">L. Benussi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bianco%2C+S">S. Bianco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boscherini%2C+D">D. Boscherini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bordon%2C+F">F. Bordon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bruni%2C+A">A. Bruni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Buontempo%2C+S">S. Buontempo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Busato%2C+M">M. Busato</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Camarri%2C+P">P. Camarri</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cardarelli%2C+R">R. Cardarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Congedo%2C+L">L. Congedo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Damiao%2C+D+D+J">D. De Jesus Damiao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Serio%2C+M">M. De Serio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Ciaccio%2C+A">A. Di Ciaccio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Stante%2C+L">L. Di Stante</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dupieux%2C+P">P. Dupieux</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Eysermans%2C+J">J. Eysermans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferretti%2C+A">A. Ferretti</a> , et al. (35 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.19395v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are gaseous detectors widely used in high energy physics experiments, operating with a gas mixture primarily containing Tetrafluoroethane (C$_{2}$H$_{2}$F$_{4}$), commonly known as R-134a, which has a global warming potential (GWP) of 1430. To comply with European regulations and explore environmentally friendly alternatives, the RPC EcoGas@GIF++ collaboration, invo… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.19395v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2402.19395v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2402.19395v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are gaseous detectors widely used in high energy physics experiments, operating with a gas mixture primarily containing Tetrafluoroethane (C$_{2}$H$_{2}$F$_{4}$), commonly known as R-134a, which has a global warming potential (GWP) of 1430. To comply with European regulations and explore environmentally friendly alternatives, the RPC EcoGas@GIF++ collaboration, involving ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb/SHiP, and EP-DT communities, has undertaken intensive R\&D efforts to explore new gas mixtures for RPC technology. A leading alternative under investigation is HFO1234ze, boasting a low GWP of 6 and demonstrating reasonable performance compared to R-134a. Over the past few years, RPC detectors with slightly different characteristics and electronics have been studied using HFO and CO$_{2}$-based gas mixtures at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility. An aging test campaign was launched in August 2022, and during the latest test beam in July 2023, all detector systems underwent evaluation. This contribution will report the results of the aging studies and the performance evaluations of the detectors with and without irradiation. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2402.19395v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2402.19395v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 29 February, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.07247">arXiv:2401.07247</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.07247">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2401.07247">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics">astro-ph.IM</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Exploring Advanced Detector Technologies for Muon Radiography Applications </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">Amrutha Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Assran%2C+Y">Yassar Assran</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Escorcia%2C+C+A+D">Carlos Andres Diaz Escorcia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=EIMahdy%2C+B">Basma EIMahdy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hong%2C+Y">Yanwen Hong</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Govindaraj%2C+P">Prithivraj Govindaraj</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rendon%2C+C">Cesar Rendon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samuel%2C+D">Deepak Samuel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">Michael Tytgat</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2401.07247v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Muon radiography often referred to as muography, is an imaging technique that uses freely available cosmic-ray muons to study the interior structure of natural or man-made large-scale objects. The amount of multidisciplinary applications of this technique keeps increasing over time and a variety of basic detector types have already been used in the construction of muon telescopes. Here, we are inv… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2401.07247v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2401.07247v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2401.07247v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Muon radiography often referred to as muography, is an imaging technique that uses freely available cosmic-ray muons to study the interior structure of natural or man-made large-scale objects. The amount of multidisciplinary applications of this technique keeps increasing over time and a variety of basic detector types have already been used in the construction of muon telescopes. Here, we are investigating the use of advanced gaseous detectors for muography. As our basic solution, given its robustness and ease of operation in remote, outdoor environments, a scintillator-based muon telescope with silicon photomultiplier readout is being developed. To enhance the telescope performance, we are proposing the use of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (mRPCs) and Thick Gas Electron Multipliers (THGEMs). While the former offer superior time resolution which could be beneficial for detector background rejection, the latter detector type offers excellent spatial resolution, can be manufactured at low cost and operated with a simple gas mixture. Currently, prototype detector planes for each of these proposed types are being designed and constructed, and initial performance tests are in progress. In parallel, a Geant4- based muon telescope simulation is being developed, which will enable us to e.g. optimize our telescope geometry and study the use of superior time resolution for background rejection. The design and status of the three detector prototype planes and the muon telescope, along with the initial results of their performance tests and of the Geant4 simulation studies are reported. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2401.07247v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2401.07247v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 14 January, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.07204">arXiv:2312.07204</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.07204">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2312.07204">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Performance testing of gas-tight portable RPC for muography applications </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kumar%2C+V">V. Kumar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basnet%2C+S">S. Basnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gil%2C+E+C">E. Cortina Gil</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Demin%2C+P">P. Demin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gamage%2C+R+M+I+D">R. M. I. D. Gamage</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giammanco%2C+A">A. Giammanco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karnam%2C+R">R. Karnam</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moussawi%2C+M">M. Moussawi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">A. Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">M. Tytgat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Youssef%2C+A">A. Youssef</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.07204v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This paper reports the latest developmental efforts for a position-sensitive glass-based Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) and a multi-channel Data AcQuisition (DAQ) system tailored for muon tracking in muography applications. The designed setup prioritizes portability, aiming for field applications where both the detector and the DAQ operate effectively in external environmental conditions. Comprehen… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.07204v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2312.07204v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.07204v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This paper reports the latest developmental efforts for a position-sensitive glass-based Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) and a multi-channel Data AcQuisition (DAQ) system tailored for muon tracking in muography applications. The designed setup prioritizes portability, aiming for field applications where both the detector and the DAQ operate effectively in external environmental conditions. Comprehensive discussions on hardware development activities and signal processing techniques are included, incorporating noise filtering to enhance the accurate detection of real muons. A muon absorption measurement has also been carried out to understand the behavior of these detectors from an application perspective. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.07204v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2312.07204v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 23 February, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 12 December, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">11 pages, 8 figures, conference</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.17574">arXiv:2311.17574</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.17574">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2311.17574">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Preliminary results on the long term operation of RPCs with eco-friendly gas mixtures under irradiation at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Quaglia%2C+L">L. Quaglia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ramos%2C+D">D. Ramos</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abbrescia%2C+M">M. Abbrescia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aielli%2C+G">G. Aielli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aly%2C+R">R. Aly</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arena%2C+M+C">M. C. Arena</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barroso%2C+M">M. Barroso</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benussi%2C+L">L. Benussi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bianco%2C+S">S. Bianco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boscherini%2C+D">D. Boscherini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bordon%2C+F">F. Bordon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bruni%2C+A">A. Bruni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Buontempo%2C+S">S. Buontempo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Busato%2C+M">M. Busato</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Camarri%2C+P">P. Camarri</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cardarelli%2C+R">R. Cardarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Congedo%2C+L">L. Congedo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Damiao%2C+D+D+J">D. De Jesus Damiao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Serio%2C+M">M. De Serio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Ciacco%2C+A">A. Di Ciacco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Stante%2C+L">L. Di Stante</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dupieux%2C+P">P. Dupieux</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Eysermans%2C+J">J. Eysermans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferretti%2C+A">A. Ferretti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Galati%2C+G">G. Galati</a> , et al. (33 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.17574v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Since 2019 a collaboration between researchers from various institutes and experiments (i.e. ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCb/SHiP and the CERN EP-DT group), has been operating several RPCs with diverse electronics, gas gap thicknesses and detector layouts at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). The studies aim at assessing the performance of RPCs when filled with new eco-friendly gas mixtures in a… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.17574v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2311.17574v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.17574v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Since 2019 a collaboration between researchers from various institutes and experiments (i.e. ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCb/SHiP and the CERN EP-DT group), has been operating several RPCs with diverse electronics, gas gap thicknesses and detector layouts at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). The studies aim at assessing the performance of RPCs when filled with new eco-friendly gas mixtures in avalanche mode and in view of evaluating possible ageing effects after long high background irradiation periods, e.g. High-Luminosity LHC phase. This challenging research is also part of a task of the European AidaInnova project. A promising eco-friendly gas identified for RPC operation is the tetrafluoruropropene (C$_{3}$H$_{2}$F$_{4}$, commercially known as HFO-1234ze) that has been studied at the CERN GIF++ in combination with different percentages of CO$_2$. Between the end of 2021 and 2022 several beam tests have been carried out to establish the performance of RPCs operated with such mixtures before starting the irradiation campaign for the ageing study. Results of these tests for different RPCs layouts and different gas mixtures, under increasing background rates are presented here, together with the preliminary outcome of the detector ageing tests. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.17574v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2311.17574v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 29 November, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.13663">arXiv:2311.13663</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.13663">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2311.13663">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.31526/jais.2024.501">10.31526/jais.2024.501 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Simulation tools, first results and experimental status of the MURAVES experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giammanco%2C+A">Andrea Giammanco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hong%2C+Y">Yanwen Hong</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moussawi%2C+M+A">Marwa Al Moussawi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ambrosino%2C+F">Fabio Ambrosino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anastasio%2C+A">Antonio Anastasio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basnet%2C+S">Samip Basnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonechi%2C+L">Lorenzo Bonechi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bongi%2C+M">Massimo Bongi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Borselli%2C+D">Diletta Borselli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bross%2C+A">Alan Bross</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caputo%2C+A">Antonio Caputo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ciaranfi%2C+R">Roberto Ciaranfi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cimmino%2C+L">Luigi Cimmino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ciulli%2C+V">Vitaliano Ciulli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=D%27Alessandro%2C+R">Raffaello D'Alessandro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=D%27Errico%2C+M">Mariaelena D'Errico</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frosin%2C+C">Catalin Frosin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giudicepietro%2C+F">Flora Giudicepietro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gonzi%2C+S">Sandro Gonzi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Macedonio%2C+G">Giovanni Macedonio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Masone%2C+V">Vincenzo Masone</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Orazi%2C+M">Massimo Orazi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Paccagnella%2C+A">Andrea Paccagnella</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Peluso%2C+R">Rosario Peluso</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pla-Dalmau%2C+A">Anna Pla-Dalmau</a> , et al. (7 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.13663v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of Mt. Vesuvius, an active and hazardous volcano near Naples, Italy, with the use of muons freely and abundantly produced by cosmic rays. In particular, the MURAVES experiment intends to perform muographic imaging of the internal structure of the summit of Mt. Vesuvius. The challenging measurement of the rock density distribution… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.13663v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2311.13663v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.13663v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of Mt. Vesuvius, an active and hazardous volcano near Naples, Italy, with the use of muons freely and abundantly produced by cosmic rays. In particular, the MURAVES experiment intends to perform muographic imaging of the internal structure of the summit of Mt. Vesuvius. The challenging measurement of the rock density distribution in its summit by muography, in conjunction with data from other geophysical techniques, can help model possible eruption dynamics. The MURAVES apparatus consists of an array of three independent and identical muon trackers, with a total sensitive area of 3 square meters. In each tracker, a sequence of 4 XY tracking planes made of plastic scintillators is complemented by a 60 cm thick lead wall inserted between the two downstream planes to improve rejection of background from low energy muons. The apparatus is currently acquiring data. This paper presents preliminary results from the analysis of the first data samples acquired with trackers pointing towards Mt. Vesuvius, including the first relative measurement of the density projection of two flanks of the volcano at three different altitudes; we also present the workflow of the simulation chain of the MURAVES experiment and its ongoing developments. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.13663v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2311.13663v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 19 June, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 22 November, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.11451">arXiv:2311.11451</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.11451">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2311.11451">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Small-area Portable Resistive Plate Chambers for Muography </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">Amrutha Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basnet%2C+S">Samip Basnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gil%2C+E+C">Eduardo Cortina Gil</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Demin%2C+P">Pavel Demin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Muthugalalage%2C+I+D+R">Ishan Darshana Ran Muthugalalage</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giammanco%2C+A">Andrea Giammanco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karnam%2C+R">Raveendrababu Karnam</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kumar%2C+V">Vishal Kumar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moussawi%2C+M+A">Marwa Al Moussawi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">Michael Tytgat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Youssef%2C+A">Ayman Youssef</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.11451v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Muography is finding applications in various domains such as volcanology, archaeology, civil engineering, industry, mining, and nuclear waste surveys. To simplify transportation and installation in remote locations after laboratory testing, a fully portable and autonomous muon telescope based on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) is being developed. Two glass-RPC prototypes have been created, sharing… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.11451v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2311.11451v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.11451v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Muography is finding applications in various domains such as volcanology, archaeology, civil engineering, industry, mining, and nuclear waste surveys. To simplify transportation and installation in remote locations after laboratory testing, a fully portable and autonomous muon telescope based on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) is being developed. Two glass-RPC prototypes have been created, sharing the same design goals but with different detector parameters, and comparative studies are ongoing. Drawing from prototype experience, a double-gap RPC with advanced features and improved spatial resolution is constructed. Resistive electrodes are produced manually, and a new data acquisition board is currently undergoing calibration. The results on prototype performance, readout board comparisons and the technical progress on the double-gap RPC are presented. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.11451v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2311.11451v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 19 November, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.08259">arXiv:2311.08259</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.08259">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2311.08259">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> High-rate tests on Resistive Plate Chambers operated with eco-friendly gas mixtures </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abbrescia%2C+M">M. Abbrescia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aielli%2C+G">G. Aielli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aly%2C+R">R. Aly</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Arena%2C+M+C">M. C. Arena</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barroso%2C+M">M. Barroso</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benussi%2C+L">L. Benussi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bianco%2C+S">S. Bianco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bordon%2C+F">F. Bordon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boscherini%2C+D">D. Boscherini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bruni%2C+A">A. Bruni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Buontempo%2C+S">S. Buontempo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Busato%2C+M">M. Busato</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Camarri%2C+P">P. Camarri</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cardarelli%2C+R">R. Cardarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Congedo%2C+L">L. Congedo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Damiao%2C+D+D+J">D. De Jesus Damiao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Serio%2C+M">M. De Serio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Ciaccio%2C+A">A. Di Ciaccio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Stante%2C+L">L. Di Stante</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dupieux%2C+P">P. Dupieux</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Eysermans%2C+J">J. Eysermans</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferretti%2C+A">A. Ferretti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Galati%2C+G">G. Galati</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gagliardi%2C+M">M. Gagliardi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Guida%2C+R">R. Guida</a> , et al. (30 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.08259v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Results obtained by the RPC ECOgas@GIF++ Collaboration, using Resistive Plate Chambers operated with new, eco-friendly gas mixtures, based on Tetrafluoropropene and carbon dioxide, are shown and discussed in this paper. Tests aimed to assess the performance of this kind of detectors in high-irradiation conditions, analogous to the ones foreseen for the coming years at the Large Hadron Collider exp… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.08259v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2311.08259v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2311.08259v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Results obtained by the RPC ECOgas@GIF++ Collaboration, using Resistive Plate Chambers operated with new, eco-friendly gas mixtures, based on Tetrafluoropropene and carbon dioxide, are shown and discussed in this paper. Tests aimed to assess the performance of this kind of detectors in high-irradiation conditions, analogous to the ones foreseen for the coming years at the Large Hadron Collider experiments, were performed, and demonstrate a performance basically similar to the one obtained with the gas mixtures currently in use, based on Tetrafluoroethane, which is being progressively phased out for its possible contribution to the greenhouse effect. Long term aging tests are also being carried out, with the goal to demonstrate the possibility of using these eco-friendly gas mixtures during the whole High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2311.08259v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2311.08259v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 14 November, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Submitted to European Physical Journal C on October 24, 2023, 15 pages, 14 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.02764">arXiv:2302.02764</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.02764">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2302.02764">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168449">10.1016/j.nima.2023.168449 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Machine Learning based tool for CMS RPC currents quality monitoring </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shumka%2C+E">E. Shumka</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">A. Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">M. Tytgat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sawy%2C+M+E">M. El Sawy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alves%2C+G+A">G. A. Alves</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marujo%2C+F">F. Marujo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coelho%2C+E+A">E. A. Coelho</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Da+Costa%2C+E+M">E. M. Da Costa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nogima%2C+H">H. Nogima</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santoro%2C+A">A. Santoro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Souza%2C+S+F">S. Fonseca De Souza</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Damiao%2C+D+D+J">D. De Jesus Damiao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thiel%2C+M">M. Thiel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Amarilo%2C+K+M">K. Mota Amarilo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Filho%2C+M+B+F">M. Barroso Ferreira Filho</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aleksandrov%2C+A">A. Aleksandrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hadjiiska%2C+R">R. Hadjiiska</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iaydjiev%2C+P">P. Iaydjiev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rodozov%2C+M">M. Rodozov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shopova%2C+M">M. Shopova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Soultanov%2C+G">G. Soultanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dimitrov%2C+A">A. Dimitrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Litov%2C+L">L. Litov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pavlov%2C+B">B. Pavlov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Petkov%2C+P">P. Petkov</a> , et al. (83 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.02764v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The muon system of the CERN Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment includes more than a thousand Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC). They are gaseous detectors operated in the hostile environment of the CMS underground cavern on the Large Hadron Collider where pp luminosities of up to $2\times 10^{34}$ $\text{cm}^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}$ are routinely achieved. The CMS RPC system performance is constantly m… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.02764v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2302.02764v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2302.02764v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The muon system of the CERN Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment includes more than a thousand Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC). They are gaseous detectors operated in the hostile environment of the CMS underground cavern on the Large Hadron Collider where pp luminosities of up to $2\times 10^{34}$ $\text{cm}^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}$ are routinely achieved. The CMS RPC system performance is constantly monitored and the detector is regularly maintained to ensure stable operation. The main monitorable characteristics are dark current, efficiency for muon detection, noise rate etc. Herein we describe an automated tool for CMS RPC current monitoring which uses Machine Learning techniques. We further elaborate on the dedicated generalized linear model proposed already and add autoencoder models for self-consistent predictions as well as hybrid models to allow for RPC current predictions in a distant future. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2302.02764v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2302.02764v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 February, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.16591">arXiv:2211.16591</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.16591">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2211.16591">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168271">10.1016/j.nima.2023.168271 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> RPC based tracking system at CERN GIF++ facility </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Amarilo%2C+K+M">K. Mota Amarilo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">A. Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">M. Tytgat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sawy%2C+M+E">M. El Sawy</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alves%2C+G+A">G. A. Alves</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marujo%2C+F">F. Marujo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coelho%2C+E+A">E. A. Coelho</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Da+Costa%2C+E+M">E. M. Da Costa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nogima%2C+H">H. Nogima</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santoro%2C+A">A. Santoro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Souza%2C+S+F">S. Fonseca De Souza</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Damiao%2C+D+D+J">D. De Jesus Damiao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Thiel%2C+M">M. Thiel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Filho%2C+M+B+F">M. Barroso Ferreira Filho</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aleksandrov%2C+A">A. Aleksandrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hadjiiska%2C+R">R. Hadjiiska</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iaydjiev%2C+P">P. Iaydjiev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rodozov%2C+M">M. Rodozov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shopova%2C+M">M. Shopova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Soultanov%2C+G">G. Soultanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dimitrov%2C+A">A. Dimitrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Litov%2C+L">L. Litov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pavlov%2C+B">B. Pavlov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Petkov%2C+P">P. Petkov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Petrov%2C+A">A. Petrov</a> , et al. (83 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.16591v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> With the HL-LHC upgrade of the LHC machine, an increase of the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of five is expected and the current detection systems need to be validated for such working conditions to ensure stable data taking. At the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) many muon detectors undergo such studies, but the high gamma background can pose a challenge to the muon trigger system… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.16591v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2211.16591v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2211.16591v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> With the HL-LHC upgrade of the LHC machine, an increase of the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of five is expected and the current detection systems need to be validated for such working conditions to ensure stable data taking. At the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) many muon detectors undergo such studies, but the high gamma background can pose a challenge to the muon trigger system which is exposed to many fake hits from the gamma background. A tracking system using RPCs is implemented to clean the fake hits, taking profit of the high muon efficiency of these chambers. This work will present the tracking system configuration, used detector analysis algorithm and results. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2211.16591v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2211.16591v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 29 November, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages, 9 figures. Contribution to XVI Workshop on Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detectors (RPC2022), September 26-30 2022. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.09560">arXiv:2209.09560</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.09560">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2209.09560">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Portable Resistive Plate Chambers for Muography in confined environments </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gamage%2C+R+M+I+D">R. M. I. D Gamage</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basnet%2C+S">Samip Basnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gil%2C+E+C">Eduardo Cortina Gil</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giammanco%2C+A">Andrea Giammanco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Demin%2C+P">Pavel Demin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moussawi%2C+M">Marwa Moussawi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">Amrutha Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">Michael Tytgat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karnam%2C+R">Raveendrababu Karnam</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Youssef%2C+A">Ayman Youssef</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2209.09560v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Muography (or muon radiography) is an imaging technique that relies on the use of cosmogenic muons as a free and safe radiation source. It can be applied in various fields such as archaeology, civil engineering, geology, nuclear reactor monitoring, nuclear waste characterization, underground surveys, etc. In such applications, sometimes deploying muon detectors is challenging due to logistics, e.g… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2209.09560v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2209.09560v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2209.09560v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Muography (or muon radiography) is an imaging technique that relies on the use of cosmogenic muons as a free and safe radiation source. It can be applied in various fields such as archaeology, civil engineering, geology, nuclear reactor monitoring, nuclear waste characterization, underground surveys, etc. In such applications, sometimes deploying muon detectors is challenging due to logistics, e.g. in a narrow underground tunnel or mine. Therefore, we are developing muon detectors whose design goals include portability, robustness, autonomy, versatility, and safety. Our portable muon detectors (or ``muoscopes'') are based on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), planar detectors that use ionization in a thin gas gap to detect cosmic muons. Prototype RPCs of active area $16 \times 16~cm^2$ and $28 \times 28~cm^2$ were built in our laboratories at Louvain-la-Neuve (UCLouvain) and Ghent (UGent) to test and compare various design options. Benefiting from the experience gained in building and operating these prototypes, we are proceeding towards the development of improved prototypes with more advanced technical layout and readiness. In this paper we provide the status of our performance studies, including the cross-validation of the two types of prototypes in a joint data taking, and an outline of the direction ahead. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2209.09560v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2209.09560v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 September, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2022. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.02020">arXiv:2209.02020</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.02020">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2209.02020">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Searching for an eco-friendly gas mixture for the ALICE Resistive Plate Chambers </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Quaglia%2C+L">Luca Quaglia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cardarelli%2C+R">R. Cardarelli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liberti%2C+B">B. Liberti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pastori%2C+E">E. Pastori</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Proto%2C+G">G. Proto</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aielli%2C+G">G. Aielli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Camarri%2C+P">P. Camarri</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Ciacco%2C+A">A. Di Ciacco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Stante%2C+L">L. Di Stante</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santonico%2C+R">R. Santonico</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alberghi%2C+G">G. Alberghi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boscherini%2C+D">D. Boscherini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bruni%2C+A">A. Bruni</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Massa%2C+L">L. Massa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Polini%2C+A">A. Polini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Romano%2C+M">M. Romano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benussi%2C+L">L. Benussi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bianco%2C+S">S. Bianco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Passamonti%2C+L">L. Passamonti</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Piccolo%2C+D">D. Piccolo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pierluigi%2C+D">D. Pierluigi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferrini%2C+A+R+M">A. Russo M. Ferrini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Saviano%2C+G">G. Saviano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Abbrescia%2C+M">M. Abbrescia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Congedo%2C+L">L. Congedo</a> , et al. (25 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2209.02020v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The ALICE RPCs are operated with a mixture of 89.7% $C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}$, 10% i-$C_{4}H_{10}$ and 0.3% $SF_{6}$. $C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}$ and $SF_{6}$ are fluorinated greenhouse gases with a high Global Warming Potential (GWP). New European Union regulations have imposed a progressive phase-down of the production and usage of F-gases, aiming to cut down their emission by two thirds in 2030 with respect to 2… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2209.02020v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2209.02020v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2209.02020v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The ALICE RPCs are operated with a mixture of 89.7% $C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}$, 10% i-$C_{4}H_{10}$ and 0.3% $SF_{6}$. $C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}$ and $SF_{6}$ are fluorinated greenhouse gases with a high Global Warming Potential (GWP). New European Union regulations have imposed a progressive phase-down of the production and usage of F-gases, aiming to cut down their emission by two thirds in 2030 with respect to 2014. Even though research activities are excluded from these regulations, the phase-down will inevitably increase their price and CERN is also aiming to cut down on its emissions. For these reasons it is crucial to find a more eco-friendly gas mixture for RPCs by the time of the LHC long shutdown 3, foreseen in 2026. Since $C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}$ is the main contributor to the mixture GWP, an extensive R&D process has started to replace it with tetrafluoropropene ($C_{3}H_{2}F_{4}$), due to its chemical similarity with $C_{2}H_{2}F_{4}$ and its low GWP (around 7). Preliminary tests with cosmic rays have shown promising results in terms of detector performance. The next step is to study the long-term behavior of RPCs operated with these new gas mixtures (aging studies). Since this is a subject of interest for all (and not only) the LHC experiments, a collaboration, ECOgas@GIF++, was setup to carry out joint studies. Among others, a small ALICE-like RPC was installed at the Gamma Irradiation Facility at CERN, where they are exposed to a strong radiation field, coming from a 12.5 TBq $^{137}$Cs source, which allows one to simulate many years of operation in a relatively short time. The facility also provides a muon beam at specific times of the year, which can be used to study the detector performance (e.g. efficiency and cluster size) during and after irradiation. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2209.02020v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2209.02020v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 September, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Proceedings of the LHCp 2022 conference</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.12000">arXiv:2202.12000</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.12000">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2202.12000">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Geophysics">physics.geo-ph</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The MURAVES experiment: study of the Vesuvius Great Cone with Muon Radiography </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=D%27Errico%2C+M">M. D'Errico</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ambrosino%2C+F">F. Ambrosino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Anastasio%2C+A">A. Anastasio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basnet%2C+S">S. Basnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonechi%2C+L">L. Bonechi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bongi%2C+M">M. Bongi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bross%2C+A">A. Bross</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ciaranfi%2C+R">R. Ciaranfi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cimmino%2C+L">L. Cimmino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ciulli%2C+C">C. Ciulli</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=D%27Alessandro%2C+R">R. D'Alessandro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giammanco%2C+A">A. Giammanco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giudicepietro%2C+F">F. Giudicepietro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gonzi%2C+S">S. Gonzi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karnam%2C+R">R. Karnam</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Macedonio%2C+G">G. Macedonio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Masone%2C+V">V. Masone</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mori%2C+N">N. Mori</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moussawi%2C+M">M. Moussawi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Orazi%2C+M">M. Orazi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Passeggio%2C+G">G. Passeggio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Peluso%2C+R">R. Peluso</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pla-Dalmau%2C+A">A. Pla-Dalmau</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rendon%2C+C">C. Rendon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">A. Samalan</a> , et al. (6 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.12000v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The MURAVES experiment aims at the muographic imaging of the internal structure of the summit of Mt. Vesuvius, exploiting muons produced by cosmic rays. Though presently quiescent, the volcano carries a dramatic hazard in its highly populated surroundings. The challenging measurement of the rock density distribution in its summit by muography, in conjunction with data from other geophysical techni… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.12000v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2202.12000v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.12000v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The MURAVES experiment aims at the muographic imaging of the internal structure of the summit of Mt. Vesuvius, exploiting muons produced by cosmic rays. Though presently quiescent, the volcano carries a dramatic hazard in its highly populated surroundings. The challenging measurement of the rock density distribution in its summit by muography, in conjunction with data from other geophysical techniques, can help the modeling of possible eruptive dynamics. The MURAVES apparatus consists of an array of three independent and identical muon trackers, with a total sensitive area of 3 square meters. In each tracker, a sequence of 4 XY tracking planes made of plastic scintillators is complemented by a 60 cm thick lead wall inserted between the two downstream planes to improve rejection of background from low energy muons. The apparatus is currently acquiring data. Preliminary results from the analysis of a first data sample are presented. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.12000v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2202.12000v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 24 February, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Conference Muography2021, 10 pages, 8 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03375">arXiv:2202.03375</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.03375">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2202.03375">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The simulations chain of the MURAVES experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moussawi%2C+M">M. Moussawi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basnet%2C+S">S. Basnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonechi%2C+L">L. Bonechi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cimmino%2C+L">L. Cimmino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=D%C3%81lessandro%2C+R">R. D脕lessandro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=D%C3%89rrico%2C+M">M. D脡rrico</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giammanco%2C+A">A. Giammanco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karnam%2C+R">R. Karnam</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Macedonio%2C+G">G. Macedonio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rendon%2C+C">C. Rendon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">A. Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Saracino%2C+G">G. Saracino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">M. Tytgat</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.03375v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius, an active and hazardous volcano near Naples, Italy. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation framework is necessary in order to investigate the effects of the experimental constraints and to perform comparisons with the actual observations. Our Monte Carlo setup combines a variety of Monte Carlo pro… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.03375v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2202.03375v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.03375v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius, an active and hazardous volcano near Naples, Italy. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation framework is necessary in order to investigate the effects of the experimental constraints and to perform comparisons with the actual observations. Our Monte Carlo setup combines a variety of Monte Carlo programs that address different aspects of cosmic muon simulation, from muon generation in the Earth's upper atmosphere to the response of the detector, including the interactions with the material of the volcano. We will elaborate on the rationale for our technical choices, including trade-off between speed and accuracy, and on the lessons learned, which are of general interest for similar use cases in muon radiography. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.03375v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2202.03375v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 7 February, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2109.14324</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.01084">arXiv:2202.01084</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.01084">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2202.01084">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Towards a portable high-resolution muon detector based on Resistive Plate Chambers </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basnet%2C+S">S. Basnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gil%2C+E+C">E. Cortina Gil</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Demin%2C+P">P. Demin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gamage%2C+R+M+I+D">R. M. I. D. Gamage</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giammanco%2C+A">A. Giammanco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karnam%2C+R">R. Karnam</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moussawi%2C+M">M. Moussawi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">A. Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">M. Tytgat</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.01084v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The use of conventional imaging techniques becomes problematic when faced with challenging logistics and confined environments. In particular, such scenarios are not unusual in the field of archaeological and mining explorations as well as for nuclear waste characterization. For these applications, even the use of muography is complicated since the detectors have to be deployed in difficult areas… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.01084v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2202.01084v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2202.01084v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The use of conventional imaging techniques becomes problematic when faced with challenging logistics and confined environments. In particular, such scenarios are not unusual in the field of archaeological and mining explorations as well as for nuclear waste characterization. For these applications, even the use of muography is complicated since the detectors have to be deployed in difficult areas with limited room for instrumentation, e.g., narrow tunnels. To address this limitation, we have developed a portable muon detector (muoscope) based on glass Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) with an active area of 16 $\times$ 16 cm$^{2}$. The specific design goals taken into consideration while developing our first prototype are portability, robustness, autonomy, versatility, safety and low cost. To help further improve our design goals, we are currently studying the possibility to switch the sensitive units from strips in the old prototype to pixels for the new one However, for performing high resolution muography, the number of readout units per layer will also need to increase significantly, leading to increase in the overall cost and power consumption of the muoscope. To mitigate these issues, we are developing a novel 2D multiplexing algorithm for reading out several pixels with a single electronic channel. In this article, we give an overview of the detector development, focusing mainly on the design goals and the choice of detector technology. Furthermore, we present the details of the expected changes in the new prototype as well as a simulated 2D multiplexing study based on general principles. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2202.01084v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2202.01084v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 2 February, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2022. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages, 4 figures Also, proceeding article for the International Workshop on Cosmic-Ray Muography (Muography2021), submitted to Journal for Advanced Instrumentation in Science (JAIS)</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.14331">arXiv:2109.14331</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.14331">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2109.14331">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/C01011">10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/C01011 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Upgrade of the CMS Resistive Plate Chambers for the High Luminosity LHC </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">A. Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">M. Tytgat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alves%2C+G+A">G. A. Alves</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marujo%2C+F">F. Marujo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Araujo%2C+F+T+D+S">F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=DaCosta%2C+E+M">E. M. DaCosta</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Damiao%2C+D+D+J">D. De Jesus Damiao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nogima%2C+H">H. Nogima</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santoro%2C+A">A. Santoro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Souza%2C+S+F">S. Fonseca De Souza</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aleksandrov%2C+A">A. Aleksandrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hadjiiska%2C+R">R. Hadjiiska</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iaydjiev%2C+P">P. Iaydjiev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rodozov%2C+M">M. Rodozov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shopova%2C+M">M. Shopova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Soultanov%2C+G">G. Soultanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonchev%2C+M">M. Bonchev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dimitrov%2C+A">A. Dimitrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Litov%2C+L">L. Litov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pavlov%2C+B">B. Pavlov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Petkov%2C+P">P. Petkov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Petrov%2C+A">A. Petrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Qian%2C+S+J">S. J. Qian</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bernal%2C+C">C. Bernal</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cabrera%2C+A">A. Cabrera</a> , et al. (86 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2109.14331v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> During the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the integrated luminosity of the accelerator will increase to 3000 fb$^{-1}$. The expected experimental conditions in that period in terms of background rates, event pileup, and the probable aging of the current detectors present a challenge for all the existing experiments at the LHC, including the Compact Muon Solen… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2109.14331v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2109.14331v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2109.14331v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> During the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the integrated luminosity of the accelerator will increase to 3000 fb$^{-1}$. The expected experimental conditions in that period in terms of background rates, event pileup, and the probable aging of the current detectors present a challenge for all the existing experiments at the LHC, including the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. To ensure a highly performing muon system for this period, several upgrades of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system of the CMS are currently being implemented. These include the replacement of the readout system for the present system, and the installation of two new RPC stations with improved chamber and front-end electronics designs. The current overall status of this CMS RPC upgrade project is presented. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2109.14331v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2109.14331v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 2 November, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 29 September, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2021. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.14324">arXiv:2109.14324</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.14324">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2109.14324">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/C01015">10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/C01015 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> End-to-end simulations of the MUon RAdiography of VESuvius experiment </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">A. Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Basnet%2C+S">S. Basnet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonechi%2C+L">L. Bonechi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cimmino%2C+L">L. Cimmino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alessandro%2C+R+D">R. D. Alessandro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Errico%2C+M+D">M. D. Errico</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Giammanco%2C+A">A. Giammanco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Karnam%2C+R">R. Karnam</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Macedonio%2C+G">G. Macedonio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moussawi%2C+M">M. Moussawi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rendon%2C+C">C. Rendon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Saracino%2C+G">G. Saracino</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">M. Tytgat</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2109.14324v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius, an active volcano near Naples (Italy), by measuring its density profile through muon flux attenuation. Its data, combined with those from gravimetric and seismic measurement campaigns, will be used for better defining the volcanic plug at the bottom of the crater. We report on the development… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2109.14324v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2109.14324v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2109.14324v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius, an active volcano near Naples (Italy), by measuring its density profile through muon flux attenuation. Its data, combined with those from gravimetric and seismic measurement campaigns, will be used for better defining the volcanic plug at the bottom of the crater. We report on the development of an end-to-end simulation framework, in order to perform accurate investigations of the effects of the experimental constraints and to compare simulations, under various model hypotheses, with the actual observations. The detector simulation setup is developed using GEANT4 and a study of cosmic particle generators has been conducted to identify the most suitable one for our simulation framework. To mimic the real data, GEANT4 raw hits are converted to clusters through a simulated digitization: energy deposits are first summed per scintillator bar, and then converted to number of photoelectrons with a data-driven procedure. This is followed by the same clustering algorithm and same tracking code as in real data. We also report on the study of muon transport through rock using PUMAS and GEANT4. In this paper we elaborate on the rationale for our technical choices, including trade-off between speed and accuracy. The developments reported here are of general interest in muon radiography and can be applied in similar cases. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2109.14324v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2109.14324v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 November, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 29 September, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2021. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.12769">arXiv:2005.12769</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.12769">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2005.12769">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="High Energy Physics - Experiment">hep-ex</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> CMS RPC Background -- Studies and Measurements </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hadjiiska%2C+R">R. Hadjiiska</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samalan%2C+A">A. Samalan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tytgat%2C+M">M. Tytgat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zaganidis%2C+N">N. Zaganidis</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Alves%2C+G+A">G. A. Alves</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marujo%2C+F">F. Marujo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Araujo%2C+F+T+D+S">F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Da+Costa%2C+E+M">E. M. Da Costa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Damiao%2C+D+D+J">D. De Jesus Damiao</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nogima%2C+H">H. Nogima</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Santoro%2C+A">A. Santoro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=De+Souza%2C+S+F">S. Fonseca De Souza</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aleksandrov%2C+A">A. Aleksandrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iaydjiev%2C+P">P. Iaydjiev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rodozov%2C+M">M. Rodozov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shopova%2C+M">M. Shopova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sultanov%2C+G">G. Sultanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bonchev%2C+M">M. Bonchev</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dimitrov%2C+A">A. Dimitrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Litov%2C+L">L. Litov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pavlov%2C+B">B. Pavlov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Petkov%2C+P">P. Petkov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Petrov%2C+A">A. Petrov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Qian%2C+S+J">S. J. Qian</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bernal%2C+C">C. Bernal</a> , et al. (84 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2005.12769v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The expected radiation background in the CMS RPC system has been studied using the MC prediction with the CMS FLUKA simulation of the detector and the cavern. The MC geometry used in the analysis describes very accurately the present RPC system but still does not include the complete description of the RPC upgrade region with pseudorapidity $1.9 < \lvert 畏\rvert < 2.4$. Present results will be upd… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2005.12769v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2005.12769v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2005.12769v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The expected radiation background in the CMS RPC system has been studied using the MC prediction with the CMS FLUKA simulation of the detector and the cavern. The MC geometry used in the analysis describes very accurately the present RPC system but still does not include the complete description of the RPC upgrade region with pseudorapidity $1.9 < \lvert 畏\rvert < 2.4$. Present results will be updated with the final geometry description, once it is available. The radiation background has been studied in terms of expected particle rates, absorbed dose and fluence. Two High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) scenarios have been investigated - after collecting $3000$ and $4000$ fb$^{-1}$. Estimations with safety factor of 3 have been considered, as well. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2005.12769v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2005.12769v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 13 December, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 26 May, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 pages, Conference proceeding for the 2020 Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detectors. Minor revision of the report, the results remain unchanged. Three new plots are added and some details were explained better</span> </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column sorry-app-links"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> <li> <p class="help"> <a class="a11y-main-link" href="https://status.arxiv.org" target="_blank">arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role="presentation"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"/></svg></a><br> Get status notifications via <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg>email</a> or <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"/></svg>slack</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </footer> <script src="https://static.arxiv.org/static/base/1.0.0a5/js/member_acknowledgement.js"></script> </body> </html>

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