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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Raid_on_Black_Rock&params=42.928117_N_78.898058_W_region:US-NY_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°55′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">78°53′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.928117°N 78.898058°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.928117; -78.898058</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Raid on Black Rock</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>11 July 1813</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Black_Rock,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Rock, New York">Black Rock, New York</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Raid_on_Black_Rock&params=42.928117_N_78.898058_W_region:US-NY_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°55′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">78°53′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.928117°N 78.898058°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.928117; -78.898058</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> British Victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Bisshopp" title="Cecil Bisshopp">Cecil Bisshopp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><abbr title="Died of wounds">DOW</abbr></a>)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_B._Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter B. Porter">Peter B. Porter</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 240<sup id="cite_ref-James228_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James228-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> c. 230<sup id="cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank224-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 3 killed<br />24 wounded<br />4 wounded prisoners<br />13 captured<sup id="cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank224-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cruikshank218_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank218-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 3 killed<br />6 wounded<sup id="cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank224-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Niagara_Frontier" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Niagara_frontier" title="Template:Campaignbox War of 1812: Niagara frontier"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Niagara_frontier" title="Template talk:Campaignbox War of 1812: Niagara frontier"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_War_of_1812:_Niagara_frontier" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox War of 1812: Niagara frontier"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Niagara_Frontier" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Niagara Frontier</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1812</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Caledonia_and_HMS_Detroit" title="Capture of HMS Caledonia and HMS Detroit">Capture of HMS Caledonia and HMS Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Queenston_Heights" title="Battle of Queenston Heights">Queenston Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchman%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Frenchman's Creek">Frenchman's Creek</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1813</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_George" title="Battle of Fort George">Fort George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoney_Creek" title="Battle of Stoney Creek">Stoney Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaver_Dams" title="Battle of Beaver Dams">Beaver Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Fort_Schlosser" title="Raid on Fort Schlosser">Fort Schlosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ball%27s_Farm" title="Battle of Ball's Farm">Ball's Farm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanticoke_Creek" title="Battle of Nanticoke Creek">Nanticoke Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Niagara" title="Capture of Fort Niagara">1st Fort Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lewiston" title="Battle of Lewiston">Lewiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buffalo" title="Battle of Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1814</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_Near_Fort_Niagara" class="mw-redirect" title="Skirmish Near Fort Niagara">2nd Fort Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Port_Dover" title="Raid on Port Dover">Port Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Erie" title="Capture of Fort Erie">1st Fort Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippawa" title="Battle of Chippawa">Chippawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Lundy's Lane">Lundy's Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Conjocta_Creek" title="Battle of Conjocta Creek">Conjocta Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Erie" title="Siege of Fort Erie">2nd Fort Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cook%27s_Mills" title="Battle of Cook's Mills">Cook's Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Raid on Black Rock</b> took place during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> between the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> and the United States on 11 July 1813, near the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_River" title="Niagara River">Niagara River</a> in western <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York State</a>, USA. The British objective was to capture supplies and equipment from the U.S. military store depot at <a href="/wiki/Black_Rock,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Rock, New York">Black Rock, New York</a>. The raid was a success but the British force suffered substantial casualties as they returned to their landing-point. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_raid">The raid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Black_Rock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The raid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Bisshopp" title="Cecil Bisshopp">Cecil Bisshopp</a> set out in the early hours of 11 July 1813, with 20 men of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a>, 40 of the 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Regiment" title="King's Regiment">8th (King's) Regiment</a>, 100 of the 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/41st_(Welsh)_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="41st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot">41st Regiment</a>, 40 of the <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Berkshire_Regiment_(Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales%27s)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's)">49th Regiment</a> and 40 of the 2nd and 3rd Regiments of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Militia">Lincoln Militia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-James228+Cruikshank217_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James228+Cruikshank217-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This force crossed the Niagara River, landed below Black Rock and moved "with great rapidity to the attack of that post".<sup id="cite_ref-James228_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James228-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One hundred and fifty New York Militia under the command of Major Parmenio Adams, who had been stationed at Fort Gibson to defend Black Rock, fled<sup id="cite_ref-Cruikshank223_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank223-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bisshopp's men set to work. They spiked two 12-pounder and two 6-pounder guns at the batteries and made off with another 12-pounder, two 9-pounders, 177 muskets, several kegs of ammunition, quantities of round shot and canister shot, a large amount of army clothing and seven large <a href="/wiki/Bateaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Bateaux">bateaux</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Scow" title="Scow">scow</a> which were loaded with 180 barrels of provisions. They burned the blockhouse and barracks at both the batteries and the navy yard, and also a schooner.<sup id="cite_ref-James229_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James229-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Peter_B._Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter B. Porter">Peter B. Porter</a> of the New York Militia, whose own house was nearby, had gathered a force to oppose the invaders. Porter's force was composed of Captain Cummings' company of U.S. regulars, 80–90 men rallied from Major Adams' garrison, 50 <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> Militia under Captain Bell, 30 <a href="/wiki/Seneca_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca nation">Seneca</a> warriors allied to the United States, and a field-piece. The American force ambushed Bisshopp's column in the dark as they marched along the beach. The British force re-crossed to Canada with all of their plunder but not without significant casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-Cruikshank224-225_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank224-225-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The worst loss for the British was the "able and enterprising" Lieutenant Colonel Bisshopp, who later died of his wounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Quimby302_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quimby302-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was said that the British withdrawal was unduly delayed to secure several hundred prized bags of salt.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Black_Rock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British official casualty return gave 13 killed, 25 wounded, 4 "wounded and missing" and 2 missing. Captain Saunders of the 41st Regiment was returned as "wounded", although he was also taken prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-Cruikshank218_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank218-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Americans captured 17 prisoners, 4 of them wounded,<sup id="cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank224-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would indicate that 10 of the men who were thought to have been killed were in fact captured. The fact that the American report detailed only 4 wounded prisoners, including Captain Saunders, would indicate that one of the men returned as "wounded and missing" was captured unwounded. This gives a revised British casualty total of 3 killed, 24 wounded, 4 wounded prisoners and 13 other prisoners. </p><p>The American loss was 3 militiamen killed, 4 militiamen and 2 Seneca warriors wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cruikshank224-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Black_Rock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnylegacy.org/u?/VTP002,37">"Black Rock in July 1813"</a>. <i>Western New York Legacy</i>. Western New York Library Resources Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+New+York+Legacy&rft.atitle=Black+Rock+in+July+1813&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnylegacy.org%2Fu%3F%2FVTP002%2C37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Black+Rock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James228-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-James228_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-James228_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 228<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attribution_needed" title="Wikipedia:Attribution needed"><span title="This sentence may contain perspectives and opinions without stating whose they are. (August 2011)">attribution needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cruikshank224-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cruikshank224_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cruikshank, p. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cruikshank218-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cruikshank218_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cruikshank218_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cruikshank, p. 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James228+Cruikshank217-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-James228+Cruikshank217_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 228, for composition of force. Cruikshank, p. 217, for the regimental numbers of the Lincoln Militia detachment</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cruikshank223-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cruikshank223_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cruikshank, p. 223 and volume index for Major Adams' first name.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James229-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-James229_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, p. 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cruikshank224-225-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cruikshank224-225_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cruikshank, pp. 224–225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quimby302-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quimby302_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quimby, p. 302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hitsman, p. 164</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Black_Rock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruikshank1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cruikshank" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Cruikshank">Cruikshank, Ernest</a> (1971). <i>The Documentary History of the Campaigns upon the Niagara Frontier in the Year 1813. Part II: June to August, 1813</i>. New York: Arno Press Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-02838-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-02838-5"><bdi>0-405-02838-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Documentary+History+of+the+Campaigns+upon+the+Niagara+Frontier+in+the+Year+1813.+Part+II%3A+June+to+August%2C+1813&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arno+Press+Inc.&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-405-02838-5&rft.aulast=Cruikshank&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Black+Rock" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1818" class="citation book cs1">James, William (1818). <i>A full and correct account of the military occurrences of the late war between Great Britain and the United States of America – Volume 1</i>. London: Published for the Author. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6918202M">6918202M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+full+and+correct+account+of+the+military+occurrences+of+the+late+war+between+Great+Britain+and+the+United+States+of+America+%E2%80%93+Volume+1&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Published+for+the+Author&rft.date=1818&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL6918202M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Black+Rock" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitsmanGraves1999" class="citation book cs1">Hitsman, J. Mackay; Graves, Donald E. (1999). <i>The Incredible War of 1812</i>. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-896941-13-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-896941-13-3"><bdi>1-896941-13-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Incredible+War+of+1812&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Robin+Brass+Studio&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-896941-13-3&rft.aulast=Hitsman&rft.aufirst=J.+Mackay&rft.au=Graves%2C+Donald+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Black+Rock" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuimby1997" class="citation book cs1">Quimby, Robert S. (1997). <i>The U.S. Army in the War of 1812: An Operational and Command Study</i>. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87013-441-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87013-441-8"><bdi>0-87013-441-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Army+in+the+War+of+1812%3A+An+Operational+and+Command+Study&rft.place=East+Lansing%2C+MI&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-87013-441-8&rft.aulast=Quimby&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Black+Rock" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Black_Rock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warof1812.ca/1812events.htm">"War of 1812 web site"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=War+of+1812+web+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warof1812.ca%2F1812events.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaid+on+Black+Rock" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conflicts_of_the_War_of_1812" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Battles_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Template:Battles of the War of 1812"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Battles_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Template talk:Battles of the War of 1812"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Lewes" title="Bombardment of Lewes">Lewes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Peter" title="Battle of Fort Peter">Peter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_St._Philip_(1815)" title="Siege of Fort St. Philip (1815)">St. Philip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Havre_de_Grace" title="Raid on Havre de Grace">Havre de Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Michaels" title="Battle of St. Michaels">St. Michaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Bladensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caulk%27s_Field" title="Battle of Caulk's Field">Caulk's Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Point" title="Battle of North Point">North Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore" title="Battle of Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampden" title="Battle of Hampden">Hampden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Big_Sandy_Creek" title="Battle of Big Sandy Creek">Big Sandy Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buffalo" title="Battle of Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ogdensburg" title="Battle of Ogdensburg">Ogdensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plattsburgh" title="Battle of Plattsburgh">Plattsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Niagara" title="Capture of Fort Niagara">Niagara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Sacket%27s_Harbor" title="Second Battle of Sacket's Harbor">Sacket's Harbor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_War_of_1812" title="North Carolina in the War of 1812">North Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocracoke_raid" title="Ocracoke raid">Ocracoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Stephenson" title="Battle of Fort Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copus_massacre" title="Copus massacre">Copus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Meigs" title="Siege of Fort Meigs">Meigs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rappahannock_River" title="Battle of Rappahannock River">Rappahannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craney_Island" title="Battle of Craney Island">Craney Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Chesconessex_Creek" title="Raid on Chesconessex Creek">Chesconessex Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Alexandria_(Virginia)" title="Raid on Alexandria (Virginia)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_at_Farnham_Church" title="Skirmish at Farnham Church">Farnham Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Illinois Territory in the War of 1812">Illinois</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Dearborn" title="Battle of Fort Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rock_Island_Rapids" title="Battle of Rock Island Rapids">Rock Island Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Prairie_du_Chien" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Prairie du Chien">Prairie du Chien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_War_of_1812" title="Indiana in the War of 1812">Indiana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mississinewa" title="Battle of the Mississinewa">Mississinewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wild_Cat_Creek" title="Battle of Wild Cat Creek">Wild Cat Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Harrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Fort Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Wayne" title="Siege of Fort Wayne">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brownstown" title="Battle of Brownstown">Brownstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchtown" title="Battle of Frenchtown">Frenchtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mackinac_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mackinac Island">Mackinac Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maguaga" title="Battle of Maguaga">Maguaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Detroit" title="Siege of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Mackinac" title="Siege of Fort Mackinac">Mackinac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashi_Skirmish" title="Bashi Skirmish">Bashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Autossee" title="Battle of Autossee">Autossee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Burnt_Corn" title="Battle of Burnt Corn">Burnt Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Callabee_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Callabee Creek">Callabee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_Fight_(Creek_War)" title="Canoe Fight (Creek War)">Canoe Fight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Holy_Ground" title="Battle of Holy Ground">Holy Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_(1814)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)">Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talladega" title="Battle of Talladega">Talladega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tallushatchee" title="Battle of Tallushatchee">Tallushatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Emuckfaw_and_Enotachopo_Creek" title="Battles of Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek">Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bowyer" title="Fort Bowyer">Fort Bowyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mims_massacre" title="Fort Mims massacre">Mims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sinquefield" title="Fort Sinquefield">Sinquefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Island" title="Credit Island">Credit Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sink_Hole" title="Battle of the Sink Hole">Sink Hole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chateauguay" title="Battle of the Chateauguay">Chateauguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lacolle_Mills_(1812)" title="Battle of Lacolle Mills (1812)">1st Lacolle Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lacolle_Mills_(1814)" title="Battle of Lacolle Mills (1814)">2nd Lacolle Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaver_Dams" title="Battle of Beaver Dams">Beaver Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chippawa" title="Battle of Chippawa">Chippawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cook%27s_Mills" title="Battle of Cook's Mills">Cook's Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crysler%27s_Farm" title="Battle of Crysler's Farm">Crysler's Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_George" title="Battle of Fort George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchman%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Frenchman's Creek">Frenchman's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longwoods" title="Battle of Longwoods">Longwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Lundy's Lane">Lundy's Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malcolm%27s_Mills" title="Battle of Malcolm's Mills">Malcolm's Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Queenston_Heights" title="Battle of Queenston Heights">Queenston Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoney_Creek" title="Battle of Stoney Creek">Stoney Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Thames" title="Battle of the Thames">Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York" title="Battle of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Erie" title="Capture of Fort Erie">1st Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Elizabethtown" title="Raid on Elizabethtown">Elizabethtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Port_Dover" title="Raid on Port Dover">Port Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Gananoque" title="Raid on Gananoque">Gananoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Erie" title="Siege of Fort Erie">2nd Erie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Florida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Florida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pensacola_(1814)" title="Battle of Pensacola (1814)">Pensacola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval battle">Naval battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Boxer" title="Capture of HMS Boxer">HMS <i>Boxer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Cyane" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of HMS Cyane">HMS <i>Cyane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Epervier" title="Capture of HMS Epervier">HMS <i>Epervier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Frolic" title="Capture of HMS Frolic">HMS <i>Frolic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Penguin" title="Capture of HMS Penguin">HMS <i>Penguin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_Dominica" title="Capture of HMS Dominica">HMS <i>Dominica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Argus" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of USS Argus">USS <i>Argus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Chesapeake" title="Capture of USS Chesapeake">USS <i>Chesapeake</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_President" title="Capture of USS President">USS <i>President</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay_Flotilla" title="Chesapeake Bay Flotilla">Chesapeake Bay Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Java_(1811)" title="HMS Java (1811)">USS <i>Constitution</i> vs HMS <i>Java</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Avon" title="Sinking of HMS Avon">HMS <i>Avon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fayal" title="Battle of Fayal">Fayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Peacock" title="Sinking of HMS Peacock">HMS <i>Peacock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMS_Reindeer" title="Sinking of HMS Reindeer">HMS <i>Reindeer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution_vs_HMS_Guerriere" title="USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere">USS <i>Constitution</i> vs HMS <i>Guerriere</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_United_States_vs_HMS_Macedonian" title="USS United States vs HMS Macedonian">USS <i>United States</i> vs HMS <i>Macedonian</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Guaira_(1812)" title="Battle of La Guaira (1812)">La Guaira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Oswego_(1814)" title="Battle of Fort Oswego (1814)">Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Huron" title="Engagements on Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagements_on_Lake_Ontario" title="Engagements on Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Sacket%27s_Harbor" title="First Battle of Sacket's Harbor">Sacket's Harbor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Borgne" title="Battle of Lake Borgne">Lake Borgne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_James_Island" title="Action off James Island">James Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_Charles_Island" title="Action off Charles Island">Charles Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva_Campaign" title="Nuku Hiva Campaign">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Battle of Valparaíso">Valparaiso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creek_War" title="Creek War">Creek War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:War_of_1812" title="Category:War of 1812">Category</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/War_of_1812" 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