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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omwentelinge_per_minuut" title="Omwentelinge per minuut – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Omwentelinge per minuut" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" title="دورة في الدقيقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دورة في الدقيقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vr_d%C9%99qiq%C9%99" title="Dövr dəqiqə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövr dəqiqə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A5" title="АНХ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="АНХ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Оборот в минута – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оборот в минута" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="སྐར་རེའི་འཁོར་ཚད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྐར་རེའི་འཁོར་ཚད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3_per_minut" title="Revolució per minut – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Revolució per minut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ot%C3%A1%C4%8Dky_za_minutu" title="Otáčky za minutu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Otáčky za minutu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendera_pa_Mineti" title="Dendera pa Mineti – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dendera pa Mineti" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rpm_(Einheit)" title="Rpm (Einheit) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rpm (Einheit)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_por_minuto" title="Revolución por minuto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Revolución por minuto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivolua_nombro" title="Rivolua nombro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rivolua nombro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%87" title="دور بر دقیقه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دور بر دقیقه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_par_minute" title="Tour par minute – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tour par minute" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%8B%B9_%ED%9A%8C%EC%A0%84%EC%88%98" title="분당 회전수 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="분당 회전수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broj_okretaja" title="Broj okretaja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Broj okretaja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolusi_per_menit" title="Revolusi per menit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Revolusi per menit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giri_al_minuto" title="Giri al minuto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giri al minuto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%94" title="סיבובים לדקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיבובים לדקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apgriezieni_min%C5%ABt%C4%93" title="Apgriezieni minūtē – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apgriezieni minūtē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percenk%C3%A9nti_fordulatsz%C3%A1m" title="Percenkénti fordulatszám – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Percenkénti fordulatszám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Вртеж во минута – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вртеж во минута" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omwentelingen_per_minuut" title="Omwentelingen per minuut – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Omwentelingen per minuut" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रति मिनेटमा चक्रक्रम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रति मिनेटमा चक्रक्रम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rpm_(%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D)" title="Rpm (単位) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Rpm (単位)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rpm" title="Rpm – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rpm" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdreiningstall" title="Omdreiningstall – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Omdreiningstall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdreiingar_per_minutt" title="Omdreiingar per minutt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Omdreiingar per minutt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPM_(jednostka_miary)" title="RPM (jednostka miary) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="RPM (jednostka miary)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rota%C3%A7%C3%B5es_por_minuto" title="Rotações por minuto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rotações por minuto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rota%C8%9Bii_pe_minut" title="Rotații pe minut – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rotații pe minut" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83" title="Оборот в минуту – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оборот в минуту" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Revolutions per minute" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95_%D8%A8%DB%86_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8E%DA%A9" title="خولانەوە بۆ ھەر خولەکێک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خولانەوە بۆ ھەر خولەکێک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broj_okretaja" title="Broj okretaja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Broj okretaja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varv_per_minut" title="Varv per minut – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Varv per minut" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="รอบต่อนาที – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รอบต่อนาที" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakikadaki_devir_say%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Dakikadaki devir sayısı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dakikadaki devir sayısı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Оберт за хвилину – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оберт за хвилину" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_v%C3%B2ng_quay" title="Số vòng quay – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Số vòng quay" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8F%E5%88%86%E9%90%98%E8%BD%89%E9%80%9F" title="每分鐘轉速 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="每分鐘轉速" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206037#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Revolutions_per_minute" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unit of rotational speed</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Revolutions per minute (disambiguation)">Revolutions per minute (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"rpm" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Revolutions+per+minute%22">"Revolutions per minute"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Revolutions+per+minute%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Revolutions+per+minute%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Revolutions+per+minute%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Revolutions+per+minute%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Revolutions+per+minute%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Revolutions per minute</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi_Carisma_1.8_GDI_Tacho_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mitsubishi_Carisma_1.8_GDI_Tacho_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mitsubishi_Carisma_1.8_GDI_Tacho_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mitsubishi_Carisma_1.8_GDI_Tacho_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mitsubishi_Carisma_1.8_GDI_Tacho_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mitsubishi_Carisma_1.8_GDI_Tacho_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mitsubishi_Carisma_1.8_GDI_Tacho_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="1399" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A car's <a href="/wiki/Tachometer" title="Tachometer">tachometer</a> marked in multiples of a thousand rpm</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data">Rotational speed, rotational frequency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">rpm, r/min</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 rpm <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>SI accepted units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>1 min<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>SI units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">60</span></span>⁠</span> Hz = 0.01<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> Hz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>SI base units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>0.01<span style="text-decoration:overline;">6</span> s<sup>−1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Revolutions per minute</b> (abbreviated <b>rpm</b>, <b>RPM</b>, <b>rev/min</b>, <b>r/min</b>, or <b>r⋅min<sup>−1</sup></b>) is a unit of <a href="/wiki/Rotational_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotational speed">rotational speed</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Rotational_frequency" title="Rotational frequency">rotational frequency</a>) for rotating machines. One revolution per <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">minute</a> is equivalent to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">60</span></span>⁠</span> <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutions_per_minute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ISO_80000-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 80000-3">ISO 80000-3</a>:2019 defines a <a href="/wiki/Physical_quantity" title="Physical quantity">physical quantity</a> called <a href="/wiki/Rotation_(quantity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotation (quantity)"><i>rotation</i></a> (or <i>number of revolutions</i>), <a href="/wiki/Dimensionless" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimensionless">dimensionless</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Instantaneous_rate_of_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Instantaneous rate of change">instantaneous rate of change</a> is called <i><a href="/wiki/Rotational_frequency" title="Rotational frequency">rotational frequency</a></i> (or <i>rate of rotation</i>), with units of <a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Reciprocal second">reciprocal seconds</a> (s<sup>−1</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A related but distinct quantity for describing rotation is <i><a href="/wiki/Angular_frequency" title="Angular frequency">angular frequency</a></i> (or <i>angular speed</i>, the magnitude of <a href="/wiki/Angular_velocity" title="Angular velocity">angular velocity</a>), for which the SI unit is the <a href="/wiki/Radian_per_second" title="Radian per second">radian per second</a> (rad/s). </p><p>Although they have the same <a href="/wiki/Dimension_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimension (physics)">dimensions</a> (reciprocal time) and base unit (s<sup>−1</sup>), the hertz (Hz) and radians per second (rad/s) are special names used to express two different but proportional <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities" title="International System of Quantities">ISQ</a> quantities: frequency and angular frequency, respectively. The conversions between a frequency <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span> and an angular frequency <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">ω</span> are </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f,\quad f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f,\quad f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fb2714beafbde927f93261d3fe35b7dfd04e79b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:20.028ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f,\quad f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Thus a disc rotating at 60 rpm is said to have an angular speed of 2<i>π</i> rad/s and a rotation frequency of 1 Hz. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI) does not recognize rpm as a unit. It defines units of <a href="/wiki/Angular_frequency" title="Angular frequency">angular frequency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angular_velocity" title="Angular velocity">angular velocity</a> as rad s<sup>−1</sup>, and units of <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> as <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a>, equal to s<sup>−1</sup>. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcrcr}1~{\dfrac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&=&{\dfrac {1}{2\pi }}~{\text{Hz}}&=&{\dfrac {60}{2\pi }}~{\text{rpm}}\\2\pi ~{\dfrac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&=&1~{\text{Hz}}&=&60~{\text{rpm}}\\{\dfrac {2\pi }{60}}~{\dfrac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&=&{\dfrac {1}{60}}~{\text{Hz}}&=&1~{\text{rpm}}\end{array}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right center right center right" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mtext>rad</mtext> <mtext>s</mtext> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Hz</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>60</mn> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>rpm</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mtext>rad</mtext> <mtext>s</mtext> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Hz</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>60</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>rpm</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mn>60</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mtext>rad</mtext> <mtext>s</mtext> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>60</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Hz</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>rpm</mtext> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcrcr}1~{\dfrac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&=&{\dfrac {1}{2\pi }}~{\text{Hz}}&=&{\dfrac {60}{2\pi }}~{\text{rpm}}\\2\pi ~{\dfrac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&=&1~{\text{Hz}}&=&60~{\text{rpm}}\\{\dfrac {2\pi }{60}}~{\dfrac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&=&{\dfrac {1}{60}}~{\text{Hz}}&=&1~{\text{rpm}}\end{array}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ae20224fbe2c340975d7270e6052182d5164079" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -7.575ex; margin-bottom: -0.263ex; width:36.51ex; height:16.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcrcr}1~{\dfrac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&=&{\dfrac {1}{2\pi }}~{\text{Hz}}&=&{\dfrac {60}{2\pi }}~{\text{rpm}}\\2\pi ~{\dfrac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&=&1~{\text{Hz}}&=&60~{\text{rpm}}\\{\dfrac {2\pi }{60}}~{\dfrac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&=&{\dfrac {1}{60}}~{\text{Hz}}&=&1~{\text{rpm}}\end{array}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutions_per_minute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>For a wheel, a pump, or a crank shaft, the number of times that it completes one full cycle in one minute is given the unit revolution per minute. A revolution is one complete period of motion, whether this be circular, reciprocating or some other periodic motion.</li> <li>On many kinds of disc recording media, the rotational speed of the medium under the read head is a standard given in rpm. <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph (gramophone) records</a>, for example, typically rotate steadily at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">16<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">33<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>, 45 rpm or 78 rpm (0.28, 0.55, 0.75, or 1.3, respectively, in Hz).</li> <li>Air turbine rotating up to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004119916983200000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">500</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (25 kHz)</li> <li>Modern air turbine <a href="/wiki/Dental_drill" title="Dental drill">dental drills</a> can rotate at over <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004224844343500000♠"></span>800<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (13.3 kHz).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a> hand of a conventional analog clock rotates at 1 rpm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Book_(audio_CD_standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Book (audio CD standard)">Audio CD</a> players read their discs at a precise, constant rate (4.3218 Mbit/s of raw physical data for 1.4112 Mbit/s (176.4 KB/s) of usable audio data) and thus must vary the disc's rotational speed from 8 Hz (480 rpm) when reading at the innermost edge to 3.5 Hz (210 rpm) at the outer edge.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEG_DVD_Spec_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEG_DVD_Spec-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> players also usually read discs at a constant linear rate. The disc's rotational speed varies from 25.5 Hz (1530 rpm) when reading at the innermost edge, to 10.5 Hz (630 rpm) at the outer edge.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEG_DVD_Spec_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEG_DVD_Spec-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Washing_machine" title="Washing machine">washing machine</a>'s drum may rotate at 500 rpm to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006651015109663409♠"></span>2763 rpm</span> (8 Hz – 46 Hz) during the spin cycles.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> thrown by a <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> pitcher can rotate at over <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006719501899200000♠"></span>2500 rpm</span> (41.7 Hz); faster rotation yields more movement on <a href="/wiki/Breaking_ball" title="Breaking ball">breaking balls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A power-generation turbine (<a href="/wiki/Alternator#Synchronous_speeds" title="Alternator">with a two-pole alternator</a>) rotates at 3000 rpm (50 Hz), 3600 rpm (60 Hz), and over 4000 rpm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">66<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> Hz)</li> <li>Modern <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a> <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engines</a> are typically operated around <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006899377374000000♠"></span>2000 rpm</span> – <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006599584916000000♠"></span>3000 rpm</span> (33 Hz – 50 Hz) when cruising, with a minimum (idle) speed around 750 rpm – 900 rpm (12.5 Hz – 15 Hz), and an upper limit anywhere from 4500 rpm to up to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006179875474800000♠"></span>10<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (75 Hz – 166 Hz) for a road car, very rarely reaching up to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006149896229000000♠"></span>12<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> for certain cars (such as the <a href="/wiki/GMA_T.50" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA T.50">GMA T.50</a>), or <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005817615794545454♠"></span>22<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> for racing engines such as <a href="/wiki/Formula_One_engines" title="Formula One engines">those in Formula 1 cars</a> (during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2006 Formula One World Championship">2006</a> season, with the 2.4 L N/A <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8 engine</a> configuration; limited to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006119916983200000♠"></span>15<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span>, with the 1.6 L <a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo">turbo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">hybrid</a> engine configuration).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exhaust note of <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a>, <a href="/wiki/V10_engine" title="V10 engine">V10</a>, and <a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a> <a href="/wiki/F1_car" class="mw-redirect" title="F1 car">F1 cars</a> has a much higher pitch than an <a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">I4 engine</a>, because each of the <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinders</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">four-stroke engine</a> fires once for every two revolutions of the <a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">crankshaft</a>. Thus an eight-cylinder engine turning 300 times per second will have an exhaust note of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003120000000000000♠"></span>1200 Hz</span>.</li> <li>A piston <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine" title="Aircraft engine">aircraft engine</a> typically rotates at a rate between <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006719501899200000♠"></span>2500 rpm</span> and <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006179875474800000♠"></span>10<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (42 Hz – 166 Hz).</li> <li>Computer <a href="/wiki/Hard_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard drive">hard drives</a> typically rotate at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006239833966400000♠"></span>7500 rpm</span> – <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006179875474800000♠"></span>10<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (125 Hz – 166 Hz), the most common speeds for the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Attachment" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Technology Attachment">ATA</a> or <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">SATA</a>-based drives in consumer models. High-performance drives (used in fileservers and enthusiast-gaming PCs) rotate at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006179875474800000♠"></span>10<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> – <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006119916983200000♠"></span>15<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (160 Hz – 250 Hz), usually with higher-level SATA, <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a> interfaces and smaller platters to allow these higher speeds, the reduction in storage capacity and ultimate outer-edge speed paying off in much quicker access time and average transfer speed thanks to the high spin rate. Until recently, lower-end and power-efficient laptop drives could be found with <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006428274939999999♠"></span>4200 rpm</span> or even <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006499654096666666♠"></span>3600 rpm</span> spindle speeds (70 Hz or 60 Hz), but these have fallen out of favour due to their lower performance, improvements in energy efficiency in faster models and the takeup of <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drives</a> for use in slimline and ultraportable laptops. Similar to CD and DVD media, the amount of data that can be stored or read for each turn of the disc is greater at the outer edge than near the spindle; however, hard drives keep a constant rotational speed so the effective data rate is faster at the edge (conventionally, the "start" of the disc, opposite to a CD or DVD).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Floppy disc">Floppy disc</a> drives typically ran at a constant 300 rpm or occasionally 360 rpm (a relatively slow 5 Hz or 6 Hz) with a constant per-revolution data density, which was simple and inexpensive to implement, though inefficient. Some designs such as those used with older Apple computers (Lisa, early Macintosh, later II's) were more complex and used variable rotational speeds and per-track storage density (at a constant read/record rate) to store more data per disc; for example, between 394 rpm (with 12 sectors per track) and 590 rpm (8 sectors) with Mac's 800 kB double-density drive at a constant 39.4 kB/s (max) – versus 300 rpm, 720 kB and 23 kB/s (max) for double-density drives in other machines.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Zippe-type_centrifuge" title="Zippe-type centrifuge">Zippe-type centrifuge</a> for enriching uranium spins at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005179875474800000♠"></span>100<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003166600000000000♠"></span>1666 Hz</span>) or faster.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine" title="Gas turbine">Gas turbine</a> engines rotate at tens of thousands of rpm. JetCat model aircraft turbines are capable of over <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005179875474800000♠"></span>100<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003170000000000000♠"></span>1700 Hz</span>) with the fastest reaching <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005108502518277234♠"></span>165<span style="margin-left:.25em;">780</span> rpm</span> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003276300000000000♠"></span>2763 Hz</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Flywheel_energy_storage" title="Flywheel energy storage">Flywheel energy storage</a> system works at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005299792458000000♠"></span>60<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> – <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004359750949600000♠"></span>500<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (1 kHz – 8.3 kHz) range using a passively magnetic levitated flywheel in a vacuum.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The choice of the flywheel material is not the most dense, but the one that pulverises the most safely, at surface speeds about 7 times the speed of sound.</li> <li>A typical 80 mm, 30 CFM computer fan will spin at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006691828749230769♠"></span>2600 rpm</span> – <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006599584916000000♠"></span>3000 rpm</span> (43 Hz – 50 Hz) on 12 V DC power.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Millisecond_pulsar" title="Millisecond pulsar">millisecond pulsar</a> can have near <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005359750949600000♠"></span>50<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (833 Hz).</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharger</a> can reach <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004179875474800000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (16.6 kHz), while <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005179875474800000♠"></span>100<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> – <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004719501899200000♠"></span>250<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (1 kHz – 3 kHz) is common.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharger</a> can spin at speeds between or as high as <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005359750949600000♠"></span>50<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> – <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005179875474800000♠"></span>100<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (833 Hz – 1666 Hz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">Molecular microbiology</a> – molecular engines. The rotation rates of bacterial <a href="/wiki/Flagellum" title="Flagellum">flagella</a> have been measured to be <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006176348504705882♠"></span>10<span style="margin-left:.25em;">200</span> rpm</span> (170 Hz) for <i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella_enterica_subsp._enterica" title="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica">Salmonella typhimurium</a></i>, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006111034243703703♠"></span>16<span style="margin-left:.25em;">200</span> rpm</span> (270 Hz) for <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i>, and up to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004359750949600000♠"></span>500<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> rpm</span> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003170000000000000♠"></span>1700 Hz</span>) for polar flagellum of <i><a href="/wiki/Vibrio_alginolyticus" title="Vibrio alginolyticus">Vibrio alginolyticus</a></i>, allowing the latter organism to move in simulated natural conditions at a maximum speed of 540 mm/h.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutions_per_minute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constant_angular_velocity" title="Constant angular velocity">Constant angular velocity</a> (CAV) – used when referring to the speed of gramophone (phonograph) records</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_linear_velocity" title="Constant linear velocity">Constant linear velocity</a> (CLV) – used when referring to the speed of audio CDs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radian_per_second" title="Radian per second">Radian per second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotational_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotational speed">Rotational speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor_map" title="Compressor map">Compressor map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn (geometry)">Turn (geometry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idle_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Idle speed">Idle speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overspeed_(engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Overspeed (engine)">Overspeed (engine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redline" title="Redline">Redline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rev_limiter" title="Rev limiter">Rev limiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPM_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="RPM gauge">RPM gauge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutions_per_minute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutions_per_minute&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-3:ed-2:v1:en">ISO 80000-3:2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPEG_DVD_Spec-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPEG_DVD_Spec_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEG_DVD_Spec_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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