CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>      <html class="no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"> <head><script src="/Vauld-by-hauen-tothe-Cap-Yes-Shaftessations-too-" async></script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/favicon%281%29.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="profile" href="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/all/themes/omega/omega/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/all/themes/omega/omega/apple-touch-icon-precomposed-114x114.png" sizes="114x114" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/all/themes/omega/omega/apple-touch-icon-precomposed-144x144.png" sizes="144x144" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/all/themes/omega/omega/apple-touch-icon-precomposed-72x72.png" sizes="72x72" /> <meta name="description" content="This guide describes the records of the federal courts, as well as records of Congress and the executive branch, that are relevant to researching federal judicial history. Note: Minor updates may occasionally be made to this document." /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.fjc.gov/content/guide-research-federal-judicial-history-0" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/10064076" /> <title>Guide to Research in Federal Judicial History | Federal Judicial Center</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_v5HTreSNy4wCjMcxsiXqFth10OYVeKmnf2wVcx7hBlo.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_TVctrc-teFA9IK1pZzFtGHgmnTvUGNYmzWyhfx-bzFs.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/3.0.3/jquery.qtip.min.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_7Mw6FhAIMBZHbHr1-KUUBlv058YCGUWz-zoUPf2-Qbg.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_50HrxBdywP3ZDF1zLbJ4AJ8XvjS3FciTunjpl6tsWX0.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_-23VW-mOgaxPj1IBwITzh4MtqON-zZPP7qRrim4OyXc.css" media="print" />  <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_x4NcdcWzQVFGj1lrvYvAxxqBSU_bRMps-ks7XWv59AU.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Droid+Sans:700|Muli:regular&subset=latin" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/css/css__zyLjpQx2RLBQig3lozo7-U6tLLU1iK5ReuQZnhgMMc.css" media="all" /> <script src="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_XsSxoTOBDPOtLH-Q6kQ8ccMnoKhlI6agpyGWt0YyFAc.js"></script> <script src="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_graahBFY8kvzRYNrqXD_IsD48WUuXz5e_o3rGqlSL4M.js"></script> <script src="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_r30sqM-3Oa3HiL00gdZSrb3OiDoDUkvHnBWZYzOGu3Q.js"></script> <script src="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_-7oTPO4_ktG5FdE3vZ_SADET4rAFrvsT9udcU8sCbnA.js"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/3.0.3/jquery.qtip.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_OTl_VqF8-r5E9Zxe6Z3v7ZOXZghVySEJzstcpHwRqpY.js"></script> <script>var _paq = _paq || [];(function(){var u=(("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://fjc.piwik.pro/" : "http://fjc.piwik.pro/");_paq.push(["setSiteId", "3"]);_paq.push(["setTrackerUrl", u+"matomo.php"]);_paq.push(["setDoNotTrack", 1]);_paq.push(["trackPageView"]);_paq.push(["setIgnoreClasses", ["no-tracking","colorbox"]]);_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);var d=document,g=d.createElement("script"),s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];g.type="text/javascript";g.defer=true;g.async=true;g.src=u+"matomo.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s);})();</script> <script src="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_8boUMQVNbOAH70o8HuL9rOFlG6-hRdVmVaeo0dvlBCU.js"></script> <script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};window.da2a={done:false,html_done:false,script_ready:false,script_load:function(){var a=document.createElement('script'),s=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];a.type='text/javascript';a.async=true;a.src='https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js';s.parentNode.insertBefore(a,s);da2a.script_load=function(){};},script_onready:function(){da2a.script_ready=true;if(da2a.html_done)da2a.init();},init:function(){for(var i=0,el,target,targets=da2a.targets,length=targets.length;i<length;i++){el=document.getElementById('da2a_'+(i+1));target=targets[i];a2a_config.linkname=target.title;a2a_config.linkurl=target.url;if(el){a2a.init('page',{target:el});el.id='';}da2a.done=true;}da2a.targets=[];}};(function ($){Drupal.behaviors.addToAny = {attach: function (context, settings) {if (context !== document && window.da2a) {if(da2a.script_ready)a2a.init_all();da2a.script_load();}}}})(jQuery);a2a_config.callbacks=a2a_config.callbacks||[];a2a_config.callbacks.push({ready:da2a.script_onready});a2a_config.overlays=a2a_config.overlays||[];a2a_config.templates=a2a_config.templates||{};a2a_config.no_3p=1;a2a_config.exclude_services = ["myspace", "linkedin", "whatsapp", "pinterest", "reddit", "tumblr"]; a2a_config.num_services = 4; a2a_config.icon_color = "#2559a6";</script> <script src="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_UvX6dPDClEtRepdiwQxSkd_7IH2LMMlfcw3i_mo41qI.js"></script> <script src="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_jcAJ00FHQRRYppEK8MgXRaT0yp8oefAoIezCUr6kS4A.js"></script> <script>jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"fjc_omega","theme_token":"hFa_3t5svs2jMTEjUjfNBK3vbEIeryZxEfjGGvVEgk4","jquery_version":"1.12","jquery_version_token":"wqk9O5w7Rx38eEIvggoA3ZTDFLcGAe3my8UfzP7uoAw","js":{"0":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.12\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/js\/no-js.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/js\/jquery_browser.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/beautytips\/js\/jquery.bt.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/beautytips\/js\/beautytips.min.js":1,"misc\/form-single-submit.js":1,"misc\/ajax.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/js\/jquery_update.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/apachesolr_sort\/apachesolr_sort.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ckeditor_accordion\/js\/ckeditor-accordion.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/entityreference\/js\/entityreference.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/colorbox\/jquery.colorbox-min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox_load.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox_inline.js":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/3.0.3\/jquery.qtip.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/responsive_menus\/styles\/responsive_menus_simple\/js\/responsive_menus_simple.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/matomo\/matomo.js":1,"1":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/antibot\/js\/antibot.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/extlink\/js\/extlink.js":1,"2":1,"misc\/progress.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/qtip\/js\/qtip.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox_node\/colorbox_node.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/jquery.hoverIntent.minified.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/sfautomaticwidth.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/sfsmallscreen.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/supposition.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/superfish.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/supersubs.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/superfish\/superfish.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/fjc_omega\/js\/fjc-omega.behaviors.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/fjc_omega\/js\/mobile-menu.js":1},"css":{"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/system\/system.menus.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/system\/system.messages.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ckeditor_accordion\/css\/ckeditor-accordion.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox_node\/colorbox_node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/field_hidden\/field_hidden.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/book\/book.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/patched\/footnotes\/footnotes.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/comment\/comment.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/field\/field.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/extlink\/css\/extlink.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/search\/search.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/user\/user.base.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/omega\/omega\/css\/modules\/user\/user.theme.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/3.0.3\/jquery.qtip.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/qtip\/css\/qtip.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/flexible\/flexible.css":1,"public:\/\/ctools\/css\/ac5fa63615bc0d14dccef2aa56363077.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/responsive_menus\/styles\/responsive_menus_simple\/css\/responsive_menus_simple.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/addtoany\/addtoany.css":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/css\/superfish.css":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/css\/superfish-smallscreen.css":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/css\/superfish-navbar.css":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/style\/space.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/fjc_omega\/css\/fjc-omega.normalize.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/fjc_omega\/css\/fjc-omega.hacks.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/fjc_omega\/css\/fjc-omega.styles.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/fjc_omega\/css\/fjc-omega.print.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/fjc_omega\/css\/fjc-omega.no-query.css":1,"sites\/default\/files\/fontyourface\/font.css":1,"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=Droid+Sans:700|Muli:regular\u0026subset=latin":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_21.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_121.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_156.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_161.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_171.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_176.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_191.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_211.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_221.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_246.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_256.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_306.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_316.css":1,"public:\/\/css_injector\/css_injector_321.css":1}},"beautytipStyles":{"default":{"fill":"#F4F4F4","strokeStyle":"#666666","spikeLength":20,"spikeGirth":10,"width":350,"overlap":0,"centerPointY":1,"cornerRadius":0,"cssStyles":{"fontFamily":"\u0026quot;Lucida Grande\u0026quot;,Helvetica,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif","fontSize":"12px","padding":"10px 14px"},"shadow":"1","shadowColor":"rgba(0,0,0,.5)","shadowBlur":8,"shadowOffsetX":4,"shadowOffsetY":4},"plain":[],"netflix":{"positions":["right","left"],"fill":"#FFF","padding":5,"shadow":true,"shadowBlur":12,"strokeStyle":"#B9090B","spikeLength":50,"spikeGirth":60,"cornerRadius":10,"centerPointY":0.1,"overlap":-8,"cssStyles":{"fontSize":"12px","fontFamily":"arial,helvetica,sans-serif"}},"facebook":{"fill":"#F7F7F7","padding":8,"strokeStyle":"#B7B7B7","cornerRadius":0,"cssStyles":{"fontFamily":"\u0022lucida grande\u0022,tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif","fontSize":"11px"}},"transparent":{"fill":"rgba(0, 0, 0, .8)","padding":20,"strokeStyle":"#CC0","strokeWidth":3,"spikeLength":40,"spikeGirth":40,"cornerRadius":40,"cssStyles":{"color":"#FFF","fontWeight":"bold"}},"big-green":{"fill":"#00FF4E","padding":20,"strokeWidth":0,"spikeLength":40,"spikeGirth":40,"cornerRadius":15,"cssStyles":{"fontFamily":"\u0022lucida grande\u0022,tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif","fontSize":"14px"}},"google-maps":{"positions":["top","bottom"],"fill":"#FFF","padding":15,"strokeStyle":"#ABABAB","strokeWidth":1,"spikeLength":65,"spikeGirth":40,"cornerRadius":25,"centerPointX":0.9,"cssStyles":[]},"hulu":{"fill":"#F4F4F4","strokeStyle":"#666666","spikeLength":20,"spikeGirth":10,"width":350,"overlap":0,"centerPointY":1,"cornerRadius":0,"cssStyles":{"fontFamily":"\u0022Lucida Grande\u0022,Helvetica,Arial,Verdana,sans-serif","fontSize":"12px","padding":"10px 14px"},"shadow":true,"shadowColor":"rgba(0,0,0,.5)","shadowBlur":8,"shadowOffsetX":4,"shadowOffsetY":4}},"beautytips":{"beautytips_manager_custom_1":{"cssSelect":"#edit-apachesolr-panels-search-form","style":"default","trigger":["focus","submit"],"shrinkToFit":false,"ajaxDisableLink":false,"animate":{"on":"fadeIn","off":"fadeOut"},"positions":["bottom"],"text":"\u003Cp\u003EYou can:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- use quotes (\u0026quot; \u0026quot;) for an exact string match,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n- use filters in the right-hand side panels to narrow the search results, and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n- use Boolean search operators AND and OR to focus your search, or use the operators + or - as Boolean operators.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","list":["trigger","shrinkToFit","positions"]},"beautytips_manager_custom_6":{"cssSelect":"#edit-apachesolr-panels-search-form--3","style":"default","trigger":["focus","submit"],"shrinkToFit":false,"ajaxDisableLink":false,"animate":{"on":"fadeIn","off":"fadeOut"},"positions":["bottom"],"text":"\u003Cp\u003EYou can:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- use quotes (\u0026quot; \u0026quot;) for an exact string match,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n- use filters in the right-hand side panels to narrow the search results, and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n- use Boolean search operators AND and OR to focus your search, or use the operators + or - as Boolean operators.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","list":["trigger","shrinkToFit","positions"]}},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px","file_public_path":"\/sites\/default\/files","specificPagesDefaultValue":"admin*\nimagebrowser*\nimg_assist*\nimce*\nnode\/add\/*\nnode\/*\/edit\nprint\/*\nprintpdf\/*\nsystem\/ajax\nsystem\/ajax\/*"},"instances":"{\u0022default\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:false,\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022bottom right\u0022,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022my\u0022:\u0022top left\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:false},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022}},\u0022history_user_guide\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:false,\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-bootstrap\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022bottom center\u0022,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022my\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:false},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u00223\u0022}}}","qtipDebug":"{\u0022leaveElement\u0022:0}","better_exposed_filters":{"views":{"material_display":{"displays":{"block_1":{"filters":[]},"block_4":{"filters":[]},"block_2":{"filters":[]},"default":{"filters":[]}}}}},"ckeditor_accordion":{"collapseAll":1},"responsive_menus":[{"toggler_text":"\u2630 Menu","selectors":["#main-menu"],"media_size":"768","media_unit":"px","absolute":"1","remove_attributes":"1","responsive_menus_style":"responsive_menus_simple"}],"matomo":{"trackMailto":1,"trackColorbox":1},"antibot":{"forms":{"apachesolr-panels-search-block":{"action":"\/content\/guide-research-federal-judicial-history-0","key":"38191be5a69cd05374dacb5fad1b63f1"}}},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/content\/guide-research-federal-judicial-history-0":true},"superfish":{"1":{"id":"1","sf":{"pathClass":"active-trail","delay":"1200","animation":{"opacity":"show","height":"show"},"speed":50},"plugins":{"automaticwidth":true,"smallscreen":{"mode":"window_width","breakpointUnit":"px","title":"Main menu"},"supposition":true,"supersubs":true}}},"extlink":{"extTarget":"_blank","extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":0,"extIconPlacement":"append","extSubdomains":1,"extExclude":"(fjc\\.gov|fjc\\.dcn)","extInclude":"([^\\s]+(\\.(pdf|xls|doc|docx|ppt|pptx|rtf|jpg|png|jpeg))$)","extCssExclude":".a2a_target","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":0,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site.","mailtoClass":"mailto","mailtoLabel":"(link sends e-mail)","extUseFontAwesome":false},"colorbox_node":{"width":"600px","height":"600px"}});</script> <script src="https://use.fontawesome.com/7f9292eb50.js"></script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in page-node page-node- page-node-10064076 node-type-material section-content"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> <div class="l-page"> <header class="l-header" role="banner"> <div class="l-branding"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home" class="site-logo"><img src="https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/FJCLogo_4.png" alt="Home" /></a> <h1 class="site-name"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home"><span>Federal Judicial Center</span></a> </h1> <div class="l-region l-region--branding"> <div id="block-block-86" class="block block--block search-tips block-block-86 block--block-86"> <div class="block__content"> <p><a href="/search-tips">Search tips</a></p> </div> </div> <noscript> <style>form.antibot { display: none !important; }</style> <div class="antibot-no-js antibot-message antibot-message-warning messages warning"> You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. </div> </noscript> <div id="block-apachesolr-panels-search-form" class="block block--apachesolr-panels search-form-placement block-apachesolr-panels-search-form block--apachesolr-panels-search-form"> <div class="block__content"> <form class="apachesolr-panels-search-block antibot" action="/antibot" method="post" id="apachesolr-panels-search-block" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-apachesolr-panels-search-form"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-apachesolr-panels-search-form">Search </label> <input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." type="text" id="edit-apachesolr-panels-search-form" name="apachesolr_panels_search_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-8nen6zwNP8CPi8W1ay7rlxE4iXgV92dO38iiB59OtDk" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="apachesolr_panels_search_block" /> <input type="hidden" name="antibot_key" value="" /> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div></div></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-region l-region--navigation"> <div id="block-superfish-1" class="block block--superfish block-superfish-1 block--superfish-1"> <div class="block__content"> <ul id="superfish-1" class="menu sf-menu sf-main-menu sf-navbar sf-style-space sf-total-items-7 sf-parent-items-5 sf-single-items-2"><li id="menu-1141-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-1 sf-no-children"><a href="/" class="sf-depth-1">Home</a></li><li id="menu-7466-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-7 menuparent"><a href="/about" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">About the FJC</a><ul><li id="menu-8436-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/statute" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Statute</a></li><li id="menu-8441-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/fjc-and-what-it-does" class="sf-depth-2">The FJC and What It Does</a></li><li id="menu-13391-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/annual-reports" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Annual Reports</a></li><li id="menu-23526-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/content/321301/board-members" class="sf-depth-2">Board Members</a></li><li id="menu-8461-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/senior-staff" class="sf-depth-2">Senior Staff</a></li><li id="menu-8466-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/job-vacancies" class="sf-depth-2">Job Vacancies</a></li><li id="menu-8471-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/contact-us" class="sf-depth-2">Contact Us</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-7471-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/research" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Research About the Courts</a><ul><li id="menu-7496-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/reports-and-studies" class="sf-depth-2">Reports & Studies</a></li><li id="menu-27836-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/manuals-monographs-guides" class="sf-depth-2">Manuals, Monographs & Guides</a></li><li id="menu-28296-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/content/386497/research-webpages" class="sf-depth-2">Research Webpages</a></li><li id="menu-7506-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/research/idb" class="sf-depth-2">Federal Court Cases: FJC Integrated Database (IDB)</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-7476-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-2 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/education" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Education for the Courts</a><ul><li id="menu-7516-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-8 menuparent"><a href="/education/education-programs" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Education Programs</a><ul><li id="menu-14921-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/programs-and-resources-judges" class="sf-depth-3">Programs and Resources for Judges</a></li><li id="menu-14926-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/programs-and-resources-court-attorneys" class="sf-depth-3">Programs and Resources for Court Attorneys</a></li><li id="menu-14936-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/programs-and-resources-federal-defenders" class="sf-depth-3">Programs and Resources for Federal Defenders</a></li><li id="menu-14931-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/programs-and-resources-executives" class="sf-depth-3">Programs and Resources for Executives</a></li><li id="menu-14941-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/programs-and-resources-supervisors-and-managers" class="sf-depth-3">Programs and Resources for Supervisors and Managers</a></li><li id="menu-14946-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/programs-and-resources-experienced-probation-and-pretrial-services-officers" class="sf-depth-3">Programs and Resources for Experienced Probation and Pretrial Services Officers</a></li><li id="menu-14951-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/programs-and-resources-all-court-employees" class="sf-depth-3">Programs and Resources for All Court Employees</a></li><li id="menu-14956-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/programs-and-resources-trainers" class="sf-depth-3">Programs and Resources for Trainers</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-7521-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-4 menuparent"><a href="/education/civic-education-about-courts" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Civic Education About the Courts</a><ul><li id="menu-8401-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/talking/talking-points-federal-judicial-history-constitutional-origins-federal-judiciary" class="sf-depth-3">Talking Points on Judicial History</a></li><li id="menu-8411-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/cases/famous-federal-trials" class="sf-depth-3">Famous Federal Trials</a></li><li id="menu-14636-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/publications/state-and-federal-jurisdiction" title="" class="sf-depth-3">State and Federal Courts</a></li><li id="menu-15776-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/inside-federal-courts" class="sf-depth-3">Inside the Federal Courts</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-9441-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/manuals-monographs-guides" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Manuals, Monographs, & Guides</a></li><li id="menu-13406-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/education/fjc-videos-podcasts" title="" class="sf-depth-2">Videos & Podcasts</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-7481-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-8 sf-single-children-0 menuparent"><a href="/history" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">History of the Federal Judiciary</a><ul><li id="menu-2016-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-8 menuparent"><a href="/history/judges" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Judges</a><ul><li id="menu-2901-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/judges" class="sf-depth-3">Biographical Directory of Article III Federal Judges</a></li><li id="menu-2906-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/judges/bankruptcy-judgeships" class="sf-depth-3">Bankruptcy Judgeships</a></li><li id="menu-2911-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/judges/magistrate-judgeships" class="sf-depth-3">Magistrate Judgeships</a></li><li id="menu-2921-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/judges/diversity-bench" class="sf-depth-3">Diversity on the Bench</a></li><li id="menu-2931-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/judges/judicial-salaries-supreme-court-justices" class="sf-depth-3">Judicial Salaries</a></li><li id="menu-2976-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/judges/unsuccessful-nominations-and-recess-appointments" class="sf-depth-3">Unsuccessful Nominations and Recess Appointments</a></li><li id="menu-2916-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/judges/impeachments-federal-judges" class="sf-depth-3">Impeachments of Federal Judges</a></li><li id="menu-26681-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/judges/judgeship-reassignments" class="sf-depth-3">Judgeship Reassignments</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2021-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/history/courts" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Courts</a><ul><li id="menu-2981-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/courts/supreme-court-united-states-and-federal-judiciary" class="sf-depth-3">Supreme Court of the United States</a></li><li id="menu-2986-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/courts/us-courts-appeals-and-federal-judiciary" class="sf-depth-3">U.S. Courts of Appeals</a></li><li id="menu-2991-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/courts/u.s.-district-courts-and-federal-judiciary" class="sf-depth-3">U.S. District Courts</a></li><li id="menu-2996-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/courts/us-circuit-courts-and-federal-judiciary" class="sf-depth-3">U.S. Circuit Courts, 1789-1911</a></li><li id="menu-14561-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/courts/other-federal-courts" class="sf-depth-3">Other Federal Courts</a></li><li id="menu-14566-1" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/courts/courts-brief-overview" class="sf-depth-3">Courts: A Brief Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-27771-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-7 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-7 menuparent"><a href="/history/work-courts" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Work of the Courts</a><ul><li id="menu-3001-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/work-courts/caseloads-history-federal-caseload-reporting" class="sf-depth-3">Caseloads</a></li><li id="menu-26726-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/work-courts/contempt-power-federal-courts" class="sf-depth-3">The Contempt Power of the Federal Courts</a></li><li id="menu-30246-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/work-courts/foreign-treaties-in-federal-courts" class="sf-depth-3">Foreign Treaties in the Federal Courts</a></li><li id="menu-30414-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/work-courts/juries-in-federal-judicial-system" class="sf-depth-3">Juries</a></li><li id="menu-3006-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/work-courts/jurisdiction-federal-courts" class="sf-depth-3">Jurisdiction</a></li><li id="menu-26656-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/work-courts/Role-of-the-Courts-of-Appeals" class="sf-depth-3">The Role of the U.S. Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judiciary</a></li><li id="menu-23776-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/work-courts/rules-practice-and-procedure-in-federal-courts" class="sf-depth-3">Rules</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2026-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/history/administration" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Judicial Branch</a><ul><li id="menu-3151-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/administration/administrative-bodies-judicial-conference-united-states-1948-present" class="sf-depth-3">Administrative Bodies</a></li><li id="menu-8396-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/legislation/congress-and-courts-landmark-legislation" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Congress and the Courts</a></li><li id="menu-24566-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/administration/executive-branch-and-courts" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Executive Branch and the Courts</a></li><li id="menu-3171-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/administration/court-officers-and-staff-bailiffs-0" class="sf-depth-3">Court Officers and Staff</a></li><li id="menu-8391-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/administration/federal-judicial-circuits" class="sf-depth-3">Federal Judicial Circuits</a></li><li id="menu-23531-1" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/talking/talking-points-federal-judicial-history-constitutional-origins-federal-judiciary" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Talking Points on Federal Judicial History</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-3661-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-3 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-3 menuparent"><a href="/history/courthouses" title="Historic Federal Courthouses" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Courthouses</a><ul><li id="menu-7306-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/courthouses/gallery" class="sf-depth-3">Gallery</a></li><li id="menu-7311-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/courthouses/descriptions" class="sf-depth-3">Detailed List</a></li><li id="menu-7316-1" class="last odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/courthouses/list" class="sf-depth-3">List by State</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-2031-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-2 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-2 menuparent"><a href="/history/cases" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Cases</a><ul><li id="menu-3111-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/cases/cases-that-shaped-the-federal-courts" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Cases that Shaped the Federal Courts</a></li><li id="menu-22541-1" class="last even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/cases/famous-federal-trials" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Famous Federal Trials</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-4116-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-8 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-8 menuparent"><span class="sf-depth-2 menuparent nolink" tabindex="0">Exhibits</span><ul><li id="menu-7871-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/timeline" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Timelines</a></li><li id="menu-9436-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/exhibits/graphs-and-maps/demography-article-iii-judges-1789-2020-introduction" class="sf-depth-3">Graphs: Demographics</a></li><li id="menu-16771-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/exhibits/graphs-and-maps/federal-judicial-caseloads-1789-2016-introduction" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Graphs: Caseloads</a></li><li id="menu-20996-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/exhibits/graphs-and-maps/federal-judicial-circuits" class="sf-depth-3">Maps</a></li><li id="menu-23951-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/exhibits/graphs-and-maps/notable-federal-trials" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Notable Federal Trials</a></li><li id="menu-27776-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/exhibits/snapshots-federal-judicial-history-1790-1990" class="sf-depth-3">Snapshots of Federal Judicial History, 1790-1990</a></li><li id="menu-24551-1" class="middle odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/spotlight-judicial-history" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Spotlight on Judicial History</a></li><li id="menu-26301-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/exhibits/circuit-court-opinions" title="" class="sf-depth-3">The Justices' Circuit Court Opinions</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-21811-1" class="last even sf-item-8 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-6 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-6 menuparent"><a href="/history/for-further-study" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">For Further Study</a><ul><li id="menu-21831-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/programs/federal-court-historical-programs-and-sites" class="sf-depth-3">Court History Programs</a></li><li id="menu-26416-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/content/guide-research-federal-judicial-history-0" class="sf-depth-3 active">Guide to Research</a></li><li id="menu-21841-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/further-study/published-papers-of-federal-judges" class="sf-depth-3">Judges' Published Papers</a></li><li id="menu-21821-1" class="middle even sf-item-4 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/programs/oral-history-resources" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Oral History Resources</a></li><li id="menu-21826-1" class="middle odd sf-item-5 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/programs/published-court-histories" title="" class="sf-depth-3">Published Court Histories</a></li><li id="menu-21836-1" class="last even sf-item-6 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/history/further-study/historical-scholarship-related-federal-judges" class="sf-depth-3">Scholarship on Judges</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-7486-1" class="middle even sf-item-6 sf-depth-1 sf-total-children-4 sf-parent-children-3 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/international" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">International Office</a><ul><li id="menu-22971-1" class="first odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/content/349006/about-international-office" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">About IO</a><ul><li id="menu-23996-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/content/349007/history" class="sf-depth-3">History</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-24001-1" class="middle even sf-item-2 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/content/349008/international-programs" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">International Programs</a><ul><li id="menu-24006-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/content/349009/international-visitors-global-perspective" class="sf-depth-3">Global Reach</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-22986-1" class="middle odd sf-item-3 sf-depth-2 sf-total-children-1 sf-parent-children-0 sf-single-children-1 menuparent"><a href="/content/349014/briefing-materials" title="" class="sf-depth-2 menuparent">Briefing Materials</a><ul><li id="menu-23991-1" class="firstandlast odd sf-item-1 sf-depth-3 sf-no-children"><a href="/content/349628/translated-materials" class="sf-depth-3">Translated Materials</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-24016-1" class="last even sf-item-4 sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/content/349011/contact-us" class="sf-depth-2">Contact Us</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-7491-1" class="last odd sf-item-7 sf-depth-1 sf-no-children"><a href="/publications" class="sf-depth-1">Publications Catalog</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="l-main"> <div class="l-content" role="main"> <h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/publications">Publications Catalog</a></li></ul> <a id="main-content"></a> <h1>Guide to Research in Federal Judicial History</h1> <div class="panel-flexible panels-flexible-flexible_one_column_100 clearfix" > <div class="panel-flexible-inside panels-flexible-flexible_one_column_100-inside"> <div class="panels-flexible-region panels-flexible-region-flexible_one_column_100-center panels-flexible-region-first panels-flexible-region-last"> <div class="inside panels-flexible-region-inside panels-flexible-region-flexible_one_column_100-center-inside panels-flexible-region-inside-first panels-flexible-region-inside-last"> <div class="panel-pane pane-views pane-material-display"> <div class="view view-material-display view-id-material_display view-display-id-default view-dom-id-bf0947cbc2a48331cb2decd34caba795"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-authors"> <div class="field-content">Federal Judicial Center Federal Judicial History Office</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-date"> <div class="field-content"><span property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2010-01-01T00:00:00-05:00" class="date-display-single">January 1, 2010</span></div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-body"> <p class="field-content"><p>This guide describes the records of the federal courts, as well as records of Congress and the executive branch, that are relevant to researching federal judicial history. Note: Minor updates may occasionally be made to this document. Please consult the electronic version for the most current information.</p> <p>聽</p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <div class="view view-material-display view-id-material_display view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-d3c30ab7db8f152a8bbf9d40d8669b29"> <div class="view-header"> <strong>Downloadable file:</strong> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <span class="views-field views-field-field-path-to-file-1"> <span class="field-content"><img src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" alt="PDF icon"></img></span> </span> <span class="views-field views-field-field-path-to-file"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/sites/default/files/2012/GuideResHist.pdf"> Download</a></span> </span> <span class="views-field views-field-php"> <span class="field-content">227 pages<br /></span> </span> </div> </div> </div><div class="view view-material-display view-id-material_display view-display-id-block_4 view-dom-id-6b012663da15c4b7d1eb272134c5e811"> <div class="view-header"> <br /> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> </div> </div> </div><div class="view view-material-display view-id-material_display view-display-id-block_2 material-display-tags view-dom-id-6ddbdc8aea0682fb6da859761f84d1ac"> <div class="view-header"> <strong>Tags:</strong> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <span class="views-field views-field-field-subject-tags"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/subject/admiralty" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Admiralty</a> | <a href="/subject/federal-judicial-history" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Federal Judicial History</a> | <a href="/subject/researching-federal-court-history" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Researching Federal Court History</a></span> </span> | <span class="views-field views-field-field-collection-tags"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/collection/reference-manuals" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Reference Manuals</a></span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="l-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="l-region l-region--footer"> <div id="block-addtoany-addtoany-button" class="block block--addtoany block-addtoany-addtoany-button block--addtoany-addtoany-button"> <div class="block__content"> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_24 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_1"> <a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fcontent%2Fguide-research-federal-judicial-history-0&title=Guide%20to%20Research%20in%20Federal%20Judicial%20History"><img src="/sites/all/themes/fjc_omega/images/share-btn-18x20.png" alt="Share"/> Share this page</a> </span> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> </div> </div> <div id="block-block-26" class="block block--block block-block-26 block--block-26"> <div class="block__content"> <div id="footer-bottom"> <div class="footer-about"> <div align="center">Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building</div> <div align="center">One Columbus Circle NE</div> <div align="center">Washington, DC 20002-8003</div> <div align="center">202-502-4000</div> <div align="center">聽</div> <div align="center"><a href="http://www.supremecourtus.gov">Supreme Court of the United States</a>聽聽<a href="http://www.uscourts.gov">USCourts.gov</a>聽聽<a href="http://www.ussc.gov">U.S. Sentencing Commission</a>聽聽<a href="https://fjcfoundation.org">Federal Judicial Center Foundation</a></div> <div align="center">聽</div> <div align="center"><em>This website is produced and published at U.S. taxpayer expense.</em></div> <div align="center">聽</div> <p>The Federal Judicial Center produced and maintains this site in furtherance of its statutory mission. The Center regards the contents of this site to be responsible and valuable, but these contents do not reflect official policy or recommendation of the Board of the Federal Judicial Center. The site also contains links to relevant information on websites maintained by other organizations; providing these external links is for the convenience of this site's users and does not constitute verification or endorsement of the information or the sites to which the links are produced. Opinions expressed in the materials found on this site are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the Federal Judicial Center.</p> </div> <p><a href="/sitemap">Site Map</a> | <a href="mailto:webmaster@fjc.gov">Contact Webmaster</a> | <a href="/node/947711">Privacy and Security Notice</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script>da2a.targets=[ {title:"Guide to Research in Federal Judicial History",url:"https:\/\/www.fjc.gov\/content\/guide-research-federal-judicial-history-0"}]; da2a.html_done=true;if(da2a.script_ready&&!da2a.done)da2a.init();da2a.script_load();</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_Incapsula_Resource?SWJIYLWA=719d34d31c8e3a6e6fffd425f7e032f3&ns=1&cb=1010094694" async></script></body> </html>