CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Skandinawië - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"90fbaa96-3266-49b1-82e0-68fa384d3c58","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Skandinawië","wgTitle":"Skandinawië","wgCurRevisionId":2675069,"wgRevisionId":2675069,"wgArticleId":27472,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders","Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders","Artikels met GND-identifiseerders","Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders","Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders","Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders","Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders","Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders","Normdata met 8 elemente","Skandinawië","Skiereilande"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Skandinawië","wgRelevantArticleId":27472,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q21195","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="915"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG/800px-Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="610"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG/640px-Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="488"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Skandinawië - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinawi%C3%AB"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Wysig" href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinawi%C3%AB"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Skandinawië rootpage-Skandinawië skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofkieslys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noorweë" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noorweë"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Noorweë</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noorweë-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Swede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denemarke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denemarke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Denemarke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denemarke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Vroeë geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Ystertydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Ystertydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Die Ystertydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Ystertydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vroeë_Germaanse_beskawings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_Germaanse_beskawings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Vroeë Germaanse beskawings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_Germaanse_beskawings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Wiking-tydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Wiking-tydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Die Wiking-tydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Wiking-tydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skandinawiese_koninkryke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skandinawiese_koninkryke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Skandinawiese koninkryke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skandinawiese_koninkryke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Skandinawië</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 141 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-141" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">141 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2%E1%8A%93%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ስካንዲናቪያ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስካንዲናቪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandinavia" title="Escandinavia – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Escandinavia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إسكندنافيا – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسكندنافيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اسكندنافيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسكندنافيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandinavia" title="Escandinavia – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Escandinavia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaviya" title="Skandinaviya – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Skandinaviya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ایسکاندیناوی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسکاندیناوی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Скандынавія – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Скандынавія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Скандынавія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Скандынавія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="স্ক্যান্ডিনেভিয়া – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ক্যান্ডিনেভিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escandinàvia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskandinabya" title="Eskandinabya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Eskandinabya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سکاندیناڤیا – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سکاندیناڤیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandin%C3%A1vie" title="Skandinávie – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skandinávie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Скандинави – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Скандинави" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llychlyn" title="Llychlyn – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llychlyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0skandinavya" title="İskandinavya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İskandinavya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinawiska" title="Skandinawiska – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Skandinawiska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σκανδιναβία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σκανδιναβία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavio" title="Skandinavio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skandinavio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandinavia" title="Escandinavia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escandinavia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaavia" title="Skandinaavia – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Skandinaavia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskandinavia" title="Eskandinavia – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskandinavia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اسکاندیناوی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسکاندیناوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaavia" title="Skandinaavia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Skandinaavia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikadinavia" title="Sikadinavia – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Sikadinavia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavie" title="Scandinavie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scandinavie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinoowien" title="Skandinoowien – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skandinoowien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavie" title="Scandinavie – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Scandinavie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaavje" title="Skandinaavje – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skandinaavje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ADoch_Lochlann" title="Críoch Lochlann – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Críoch Lochlann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochlann" title="Lochlann – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lochlann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandinavia" title="Escandinavia – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Escandinavia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ايسکانديناوي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايسکانديناوي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loghlin" title="Loghlin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Loghlin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="סקנדינביה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סקנדינביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="स्कैण्डिनेवियाई देश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्कैण्डिनेवियाई देश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinawiska" title="Skandinawiska – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Skandinawiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandin%C3%A1via" title="Skandinávia – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Skandinávia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սկանդինավիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սկանդինավիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinav%C3%ADa" title="Skandinavía – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skandinavía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="スカンディナヴィア – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スカンディナヴィア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bertu%27a" title="bertu'a – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bertu'a" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სკანდინავია – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სკანდინავია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skundinavya" title="Skundinavya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Skundinavya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavii" title="Skandinavii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Skandinavii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8" title="ស្កង់ឌីណាវី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស្កង់ឌីណាវី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಸ್ಕ್ಯಾಂಡಿನೇವಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಕ್ಯಾಂಡಿನೇವಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B8%EB%94%94%EB%82%98%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="스칸디나비아 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스칸디나비아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skand%C3%AEnavya" title="Skandînavya – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Skandînavya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavi%C3%AB" title="Scandinavië – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Scandinavië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandin%C4%81vija" title="Skandināvija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skandināvija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Скандинавий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Скандинавий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Скандинавија – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Скандинавија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Скандинав – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Скандинав" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="स्कँडिनेव्हिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्कँडिनेव्हिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Скандинави – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Скандинави" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="စကင်ဒီနေးဗီးယား – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စကင်ဒီနေးဗီးယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اسکاندیناوی – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسکاندیناوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavie" title="Skandinavie – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Skandinavie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavi%C3%AB" title="Scandinavië – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scandinavië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escaundinavie" title="Escaundinavie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Escaundinavie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Escandinàvia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Скандинави – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Скандинави" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਕੈਂਡੀਨੇਵੀਆ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਕੈਂਡੀਨੇਵੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandynawia" title="Skandynawia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skandynawia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سکینڈینیویا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سکینڈینیویا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandin%C3%A1via" title="Escandinávia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escandinávia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Шкандінавія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Шкандінавія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iscandin%C3%A0via" title="Iscandinàvia – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Iscandinàvia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavie" title="Scandinavie – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Scandinavie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اسڪينڊينيويا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسڪينڊينيويا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ස්කැන්ඩිනේවියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්කැන්ඩිනේවියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kandin%C3%A1via" title="Škandinávia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Škandinávia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skandinavija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskandanefiyan" title="Iskandanefiyan – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Iskandanefiyan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Скандинавија – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Скандинавија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skandinavien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="எசுக்காண்டினாவியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுக்காண்டினாவியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="స్కాండినేవియా – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్కాండినేవియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สแกนดิเนเวีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สแกนดิเนเวีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0skandinavya" title="İskandinavya – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İskandinavya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Скандинавия – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Скандинавия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="شىمالىي ياۋروپا – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي ياۋروپا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Скандинавія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Скандинавія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اسکینڈینیویا – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسکینڈینیویا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaviya" title="Skandinaviya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Skandinaviya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandin%C3%A0via" title="Scandinàvia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Scandinàvia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavii" title="Skandinavii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Skandinavii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Scandinavia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinoavi%C3%AB" title="Scandinoavië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Scandinoavië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskandinabya" title="Eskandinabya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Eskandinabya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="斯堪的纳维亚 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯堪的纳维亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სკანდინავია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სკანდინავია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A2" title="סקאנדינאוויע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סקאנדינאוויע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="斯堪的纳维亚 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯堪的纳维亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Skandinavia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%8D%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="斯堪的納維亞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斯堪的納維亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21195#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Skandinawi%C3%AB" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Skandinawi%C3%AB"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Skandinawi%C3%AB"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Skandinawi%C3%AB" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&oldid=2675069" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Skandinawi%C3%AB&id=2675069&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSkandinawi%25C3%25AB"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSkandinawi%25C3%25AB"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Skandinawi%C3%AB"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21195" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG/220px-Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG/330px-Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG/440px-Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Skandinawië: <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:red;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Die intra-Nordiese gebruik van die term: Die drie monargieë Noorweë, Swede en Denemarke.</p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:orange;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Die breë betekenis: Die Nordiese gebied (sonder Groenland en Svalbard).</p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:yellow;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Die maksimale betekenis: Sinoniem met die hele Nordiese gebied of die Nordiese Raad.</p> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Scandinavia.TMO2003050.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scandinavia.TMO2003050.jpg/220px-Scandinavia.TMO2003050.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scandinavia.TMO2003050.jpg/330px-Scandinavia.TMO2003050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scandinavia.TMO2003050.jpg/440px-Scandinavia.TMO2003050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="7200" /></a><figcaption>'n Satellietbeeld van Skandinawië</figcaption></figure> <p>Die term <b>Skandinawië</b> verwys in geografiese opsig net tot die <a href="/wiki/Skandinawiese_Skiereiland" title="Skandinawiese Skiereiland">Skandinawiese Skiereiland</a> met <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a> in die weste en <a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a> in die ooste, maar sluit in 'n breë kulturele en politieke sin die vyf lidstate van die <a href="/wiki/Nordiese_Raad" title="Nordiese Raad">Nordiese Raad</a> in, naas Noorweë en Swede dus ook <a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a>. Die terme Skandinawiese en Nordiese lande word gevolglik dikwels as sinonieme gebruik. </p><p>Met die uitsondering van Finland se <a href="/wiki/Fins" title="Fins">Finssprekende</a> meerderheid praat alle Skandinawiese volke verwante <a href="/wiki/Noord-Germaanse_tale" title="Noord-Germaanse tale">Noord-Germaanse tale</a> en het 'n trotse demokraties-parlementêre tradisie wat in die geval van Ysland selfs na die 10de eeu terugdateer. Vandag is Finland en Ysland republieke, terwyl die ander Skandinawiese lande <a href="/wiki/Grondwetlike_monargie" title="Grondwetlike monargie">grondwetlike monargie</a>ë vorm. </p><p>Die huidige politieke bande tussen die vyf lande word versterk deur 'n gemeenskaplike geskiedenis: In die 10de eeu het die <a href="/wiki/Normandi%C3%ABrs" title="Normandiërs">Normandiërs</a> hulle in groot dele van <a href="/wiki/Noord-Europa" title="Noord-Europa">Noord-Europa</a> gevestig, asook in die Noord-Franse gewes <a href="/wiki/Normandi%C3%AB" title="Normandië">Normandië</a>. Maar afgesien van die Wiking-tydperk en Swede se kortstondige rol as Noord-Europese <a href="/wiki/Groot_moondheid" title="Groot moondheid">groot moondheid</a> in die 17de eeu was Skandinawië tradisioneel op die periferie van Europa. </p><p>In die loop van hulle geskiedenis is alle Skandinawiese lande gemeenskaplik geregeer. Swede en Finland het eers in 1809 van mekaar geskei, Noorweë en Swede in 1905, en Denemarke en Ysland in 1944. </p><p>Vanweë hulle noordelike ligging, wat hulle ook aan Atlantiese weerstelsels blootstel, word die Skandinawiese lande deur 'n koel en vogtige klimaat gekenmerk wat in die algemeen nie bevorderlik vir <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbou</a> is nie. Die lang daglig van die Nordiese <a href="/wiki/Somer" title="Somer">somer</a> kompenseer egter vir die ongunstige klimaattoestande sodat selfs noord van die <a href="/wiki/Arktiese_Sirkel" title="Arktiese Sirkel">Noordpoolsirkel</a> nog <a href="/wiki/Graan" title="Graan">graan</a> verbou kan word. </p><p>Tot by die 19de eeu was die Skandinawiese nasies suiwer agrariese gebiede wat tot die armste lande in Europa behoort het, en honderdduisende emigrante was gedwing om 'n nuwe heenkome in <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> te vind. Die nywerheidsomwenteling van die 19de eeu het van Skandinawië egter een van die welvarendste wêreldstreke gemaak. Die huidige Skandinawiese ekonomieë steun op hulle natuurlike hulpbronne soos <a href="/wiki/Geotermiese_energie" title="Geotermiese energie">geotermiese energie</a> (Ysland) en <a href="/wiki/Waterkrag" title="Waterkrag">waterkrag</a> (Ysland, Noorweë en Swede), <a href="/wiki/Ruolie" title="Ruolie">ruolie</a> (Noorweë), <a href="/wiki/Yster" title="Yster">ystererts</a> (Swede) en <a href="/wiki/Hout" title="Hout">hout</a> (Noorweë, Swede en Finland), maar is daarnaas ook hoogs ontwikkelde nywerheidslande met 'n uitgebreide dienstesektor en gevorderde welvaartstelsel. </p><p>Die Skandinawiese modelekonomie behels 'n tegnologies innovatiewe sekundêre sektor met 'n groot aandeel van dienste en 'n groot vraag na produksiegerigte dienste. Die huishoudings se moderne struktuur is gekenmerk deur 'n hoë persentasie ekonomies aktiewe vroue wat saam met die gesofistikeerde welvaartstelsel die verskaffing van uitgebreide sosiale dienste deur die staatsektor noodsaaklik en moontlik maak.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die gewildheid van die Skandinawiese leefstyl en ontwerp het van ondernemings soos die Sweedse meubelvervaardiger <a href="/wiki/Ikea" title="Ikea">Ikea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multinasionaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinasionaal">multinasionale</a> maatskappye gemaak wat wêreldwyd op markte meeding, terwyl die progressiewe en egalitêre houdings en religieuse ongebondenheid van hulle bevolkings van die Skandinawiese lande ook wêreldleiers op die gebied van politieke gelykberegtiging gemaak en verseker het dat hulle tot die lande met die hoogste lewenskwaliteit behoort. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Rapsf%C3%A4lt-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rapsf%C3%A4lt-2.jpg/220px-Rapsf%C3%A4lt-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rapsf%C3%A4lt-2.jpg/330px-Rapsf%C3%A4lt-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rapsf%C3%A4lt-2.jpg/440px-Rapsf%C3%A4lt-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>'n Veld met bloeiende raapsaad in <a href="/wiki/Skone" title="Skone">Skone</a> (Suid-Swede)</figcaption></figure> <p>In die antieke oudheid het Skandinawië as <i>Scandza</i> bekend gestaan. Die huidige term is in etimologiese opsig verwant aan <a href="/wiki/Skone" title="Skone">Skone</a> ('n landskap in Suid-Swede) en die stad Skanör. Die oudste <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latynse</a> naam vir Skone, <i>Scadinauia</i>, het na die gebiede noord van Germanië verwys. Sommige geleerdes beweer egter dat die term sy oorsprong by die Germaanse godin Skadi het. </p><p>Scadinauia is onder meer deur die Romeinse natuurkundige <a href="/wiki/Plinius_die_ouere" title="Plinius die ouere">Plinius die ouere</a> (23–79) as 'n gelatiniseerde vorm van die Oud-Nordiese term <i>Skaðinaujó</i> gebruik. Hierdie term bevat die wortels <i>skaðin-</i> "gevaar" of "skade" (Oud-Nordies <i>skán-</i>) en <i>-aujó</i> "eiland" of "skiereiland" (Oud-Nordies <i>-ey</i>). "Skandinawië" sou dan "gevaarlike skiereiland" beteken en moontlik na gevaarlike seestrominge rondom die Suid-Sweedse skiereiland Falsterbo verwys. </p><p>In die <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a> is die Latynse term <i>Terra Scaniae</i> of <i>Terra Scania</i> vir die geweste Skone, Blekinge en Halland asook die eiland Bornholm gebruik; die Sweedse en Deense volkstaal verwys na hierdie streek nog steeds as <i>Skoneland</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noorweë"><span id="Noorwe.C3.AB"></span>Noorweë</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Noorweë" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Noorweë"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aasenfiord.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aasenfiord.JPG/220px-Aasenfiord.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aasenfiord.JPG/330px-Aasenfiord.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aasenfiord.JPG/440px-Aasenfiord.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Die Åsenfjord in Noorweë</figcaption></figure> <p>Die weskus van Noorweë word deur gebergtes oorheers en is gebroke met sowat 50 000 klein eilande. Nou fjorde strek soms oor 'n lang afstand tot by die binneland. Akkerbougrond is skaars in die gebied en lê veral aan die einde van die fjorde waar riviere hul lope deur die bergreekse gesny het. Die nedersettings en landbougebiede langs die kus is reeds in die Wikingtydperk deur 'n netwerk van beskermde seeroetes met mekaar verbind. </p><p>Ander landboustreke lê in die Jærendistrik in die suidweste, in die omgewing van die stad <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a> (Trøndelagdistrik) en rondom die <a href="/wiki/Oslofjord" title="Oslofjord">Oslofjord</a> met die huidige hoofstad <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>. Die streke wat minder geskik is vir landbou was net soos die mees noordelike gebiede anderkant die Poolsirkel steeds yl bevolk; in Noord-Noorweë het net enkele vissers- en jagtersdorpies langs die kus ontstaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swede">Swede</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Swede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Swede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hjortens_Udde,_lake_V%C3%A4nern_Sweden,_2003-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hjortens_Udde%2C_lake_V%C3%A4nern_Sweden%2C_2003-04.jpg/220px-Hjortens_Udde%2C_lake_V%C3%A4nern_Sweden%2C_2003-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hjortens_Udde%2C_lake_V%C3%A4nern_Sweden%2C_2003-04.jpg/330px-Hjortens_Udde%2C_lake_V%C3%A4nern_Sweden%2C_2003-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hjortens_Udde%2C_lake_V%C3%A4nern_Sweden%2C_2003-04.jpg/440px-Hjortens_Udde%2C_lake_V%C3%A4nern_Sweden%2C_2003-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4nernmeer" title="Vänernmeer">Vänernmeer</a> soos gesien vanuit Hjortens Udde</figcaption></figure> <p>Swede, in die oostelike helfte van die <a href="/wiki/Skandinawiese_Skiereiland" title="Skandinawiese Skiereiland">Skandinawiese Skiereiland</a>, word deur wisselende landskappe gekenmerk. Norrland in Noord-Swede word deur digte naaldbosse en harde rotsagtige grond oorheers; die enigste landbougebiede lê in die smal kusstrook langs die <a href="/wiki/Botniese_Golf" title="Botniese Golf">Botniese Golf</a>. </p><p>Middel-Swede behels twee vrugbare en digbevolkte en een gebied wat minder geskik is vir landbou. Die landskap Svealand was die oorspronklike tuisland van die Svear, 'n stam wat sy naam ook aan die hele land verleen het. Hier lê die provinsie Uppsala met die vroeëre hoofstad <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Ou-Uppsala</a>, wat tydens die <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a> tot die magsbasis van die Sweedse koningshuis ontwikkel het; en die ongerepte <a href="/wiki/Dalarna" title="Dalarna">Dalarna-streek</a> met sy bergreekse, riviere en mere. </p><p>Die Götar-streek, wat na die gelyknamige stam vernoem is, lê suid van Svealand. Hierdie gebied, wat in die weste deur die <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4nernmeer" title="Vänernmeer">Vänernmeer</a> begrens word, behels die provinsies Väster- en Östergötland (Wes- en Oos-Götar). </p><p>Die suide van Swede was net soos die noordwaarts geleë Småland vroeër yl bevolk; eers in die laat Wiking-tydperk is die Suid-Sweedse hawestad <a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a> deur <a href="/wiki/Dene" title="Dene">Dene</a> gestig. Die vrugbare eilande <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a> en <a href="/wiki/%C3%96land" title="Öland">Öland</a> het egter al vroeg tot digbevolkte landbou- en handelsentrums ontwikkel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denemarke">Denemarke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Denemarke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Denemarke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Geografie_van_Denemarke" title="Geografie van Denemarke">Geografie van Denemarke</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <p>Denemarke bestaan uit die laagliggende skiereiland <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> en meer as 500 eilande langs sy ooskus, asook die eiland <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornholm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornholm (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bornholm</a> wat verder ooswaarts in die <a href="/wiki/Oossee" title="Oossee">Oossee</a> lê. Denemarke was vroeër met digte bosse bedek, en die kusstrook langs die <a href="/wiki/Noordsee" title="Noordsee">Noordsee</a> was vanweë sy sanderige grond nie geskik vir landbou nie. Die plaaslike bevolking het egter reeds in die Middeleeue op perde- en veeteelt gesteun en handelsbande met sy suidelike Duitse buurlande aangeknoop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nattsol_over_Valsv%C3%A6ret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nattsol_over_Valsv%C3%A6ret.jpg/220px-Nattsol_over_Valsv%C3%A6ret.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nattsol_over_Valsv%C3%A6ret.jpg/330px-Nattsol_over_Valsv%C3%A6ret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nattsol_over_Valsv%C3%A6ret.jpg/440px-Nattsol_over_Valsv%C3%A6ret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Middernagson" title="Middernagson">Middernagson</a> oor Valsværet, Noorweë</figcaption></figure> <p>Die klimaat van Skandinawië word deur sy noordelike ligging en die invloed van die warm <a href="/wiki/Golfstroom" title="Golfstroom">Golfstroom</a> oorheers. In die algemeen is die gemiddelde temperature laer as in <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Europa" title="Sentraal-Europa">Sentraal-Europa</a>, tog geniet die gebied danksy die Golfstroom gematigde temperature – met uitsondering van <a href="/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland">Groenland</a> wat grotendeels noord van die Arktiese Poolsirkel geleë is en deur 'n polêre en subpolêre klimaat gekenmerk word. </p><p>Die binnelandse streke van Noorweë, Swede en Finland het 'n tipiese vastelandsklimaat met koue <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winters</a> en warm somers, terwyl Denemarke, die <a href="/wiki/Faro%C3%ABreilande" title="Faroëreilande">Faroëreilande</a> en <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> deur 'n gematigde seeklimaat gekenmerk word. Die gemiddelde temperature in Noorweë se kusgebiede, Ysland en op die Faroëreilande is ten spyte van hul geografiese breedteligging relatief hoog – sonder die matigende invloed van die Golfstroom sou die klimaat vergelykbaar wees met dié van <a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië">Siberië</a>. </p><p>Die Nordiese somers is koeler as dié van Sentraal-Europa – hulle begin daarnaas later en eindig vroeër sodat daar min tyd vir vrugte is om ryp te word. Nogtans word daar ook somertemperature met meer as 30 °C aangeteken. Die mees noordelike gebiede van Skandinawië het aansienlik koeler somers – in die Yslandse hoofstad <a href="/wiki/Reykjavik" title="Reykjavik">Reykjavik</a> is die gemiddelde temperatuur in Julie nie hoër as 11,2 °C nie. Die Noordelike somerdae is buitengewoon lank en word deur helder nagte gekenmerk. Vanaf Junie gaan die son in die gebiede noord van die Poolsirkel hoegenaamd nie meer onder – die tyd van die <a href="/wiki/Middernagson" title="Middernagson">middernagson</a> breek aan. Bepaalde streke soos die Noorse eilandgroep <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a> kry dan tot by vier maande ononderbroke sonskyn. </p><p>Daarenteen staan die Nordiese winters vir hul lang en donker poolnagte bekend. Die son bly dan weke lank benede die horison, en baie gebiede kry net enkele ure daglig. Ysland kry tussen November en Januarie slegs tussen drie en vier ure daglig. Die wintertemperature verskil duidelik – terwyl Ysland matige winters met 'n gemiddelde van -0,4 °C het, daal die kwik in Finland soms tot sowat –20 °C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tale">Tale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Tale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Tale"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lenguas_n%C3%B3rdicas.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lenguas_n%C3%B3rdicas.PNG/220px-Lenguas_n%C3%B3rdicas.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lenguas_n%C3%B3rdicas.PNG/330px-Lenguas_n%C3%B3rdicas.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Lenguas_n%C3%B3rdicas.PNG/440px-Lenguas_n%C3%B3rdicas.PNG 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Verspreiding van Skandinawiese tale in Noord-Europa: <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#6D1EAE;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Deens" title="Deens">Deens</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#004080;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Sweeds" title="Sweeds">Sweeds</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#0080FF;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Noors" title="Noors">Noors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a>)</p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#54B618;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Yslands" title="Yslands">Yslands</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#2DCC71;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Faro%C3%ABes" title="Faroëes">Faroëes</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#1F1F1F;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Norn" title="Norn">Norn</a> †</p> </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Die Skandinawiese of <a href="/wiki/Noord-Germaanse_tale" title="Noord-Germaanse tale">Noord-Germaanse tale</a>, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Deens" title="Deens">Deens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noors" title="Noors">Noors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sweeds" title="Sweeds">Sweeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yslands" title="Yslands">Yslands</a> en <a href="/wiki/Faro%C3%ABes" title="Faroëes">Faroëes</a> met altesaam sowat twintig miljoen moedertaalsprekers, vorm 'n subgroep van die <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_tale" title="Germaanse tale">Germaanse tale</a> en het hulle oorsprong in Oud-Yslands, 'n taal wat onder meer in die Edda oorgelewer is. Tans is net moderne Yslands en Faroëes (wat as Eilandskandinawiese tale in 'n mindere mate aan invloede van ander, nie-Skandinawiese tale blootgestel was) nog nou verwant met hierdie oorsprongstaal. Norn, 'n Skandinawiese taal wat tot in die 15de eeu op die <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Orkney,_Skotland" title="Orkney, Skotland">Orkney</a>-eilandgroepe noord van <a href="/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland">Skotland</a> as omgangstaal gepraat is en eweneens by Eilandskandinawies gereken word, het in die 18de eeu uitgesterf. Noord-Germaans het teen die begin van ons tydrekening as 'n selfstandige Germaanse taalgroep van Wes-Germaans geskei en vanaf die 9de eeu in twee hoofgroepe, Wes-Nordies en Oos-Nordies (of Oud-Nordies), verdeel. </p><p>Daarnaas word op die Sweedse Oossee-eiland Gotland ook Gutamål gepraat, 'n taal wat uit die Oos-Germaanse <a href="/wiki/Goties" title="Goties">Goties</a> ontwikkel het en aan Deense, <a href="/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits">Nederduitse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltiese_tale" title="Baltiese tale">Baltiese</a> en <a href="/wiki/Slawiese_tale" title="Slawiese tale">Slawiese</a> invloede blootgestel was. Aangesien Sweeds op hierdie eiland reeds in 1645 as onderwystaal ingevoer is, het Gutamål steeds meer Sweedse elemente begin inbed en word sodoende intussen soms as 'n Sweedse dialek geklassifiseer. </p><p>In die Wiking-tydperk (omstreeks 750 tot 1000) en die vroeë Middeleeue het mense in die Nordiese taalgebied nog eerder dialekte as selfstandige dialekte gepraat. Hierdie dialekte het eers geleidelik tot selfstandige tale begin ontwikkel in 'n taalkundige proses wat eers teen die middel van die 16de eeu afgesluit was. <a href="/wiki/Fins" title="Fins">Fins</a> maak deel uit van die <a href="/wiki/Fins-Oegriese_tale" title="Fins-Oegriese tale">Fins-Oegriese taalgroep</a> en behoort dus nog by die <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_tale" title="Indo-Europese tale">Indo-Europese</a> nog by die Nordiese taalfamilie. </p><p>Moedertaalsprekers van Deens, Noors en Sweeds kan mekaar maklik verstaan, selfs al praat hulle almal in hul eie taal. 'n Gevorderde kennis van ander Skandinawiese tale vereis nogtans die aanleer daarvan en woordeboeke. Die basiese woordeskat word deur alle Nordiese tale gedeel, selfs al het Sweeds soms afwykende woorde wat in die ander tale nie voorkom nie en verskil Deens vanweë sy uitspraak duidelik van Sweeds en Noors. Sprekers van Noors trek die meeste voordeel uit die hoë graad van verwantheid, terwyl <a href="/wiki/Yslanders" title="Yslanders">Yslanders</a> en <a href="/wiki/Finne" title="Finne">Finne</a> die meeste moeilikhede ondervind wanneer hulle in hul eie taal met ander Skandinawiërs wil kommunikeer. Yslandse en Finse kinders leer op skool naas Engels tenminste een van die ander Skandinawiese tale aan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_geskiedenis"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_geskiedenis"></span>Vroeë geskiedenis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Trundholm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trundholm.jpg/220px-Trundholm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trundholm.jpg/330px-Trundholm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Trundholm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Die Sonstrydwa van Trundholm dateer uit die Nordiese Bronstydperk (tussen 1400 en 1200 v.C.) en is as 'n votiefoffer in 'n Deense moerasgebied versink. Die bronsstrydwa met sy ses wiele word vanweë sy gesofistikeerde kwaliteit en ooreenkomste met ander Europese vondse as 'n <a href="/wiki/Kelte" title="Kelte">Keltiese</a> kunswerk beskou<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Gedurende die laaste ystydperk (omtrent 18 000 v.C.) was Skandinawië en Ysland vergletser. Toe die ys begin afsmelt het, het die sogenaamde Hamburgse beskawing – 'n volk van rendierjagters – na Jutland in Denemarke begin uitbrei. </p><p>Die eerste menslike nedersettings in Skandinawië dateer uit die tydperk omtrent 10 000 v.C.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enkele argeologiese vondse getuig van die lae bevolkingsdigtheid van hierdie periode en bewoners wat as <a href="/wiki/Jagter-versamelaar" title="Jagter-versamelaar">jagters en versamelaars</a> geleef het. Nogtans was die meeste gebiede in Skandinawië bewoon, en orals het <a href="/wiki/Etniese_groep" title="Etniese groep">etniese groepe</a> hul eie beskawing met besondere kenmerke ontwikkel. Die suidweste van Noorweë (suid van die huidige hawestad <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>) was die tuisland van die Fosna, 'n etniese groep wat vanuit die suidooste na die gebied geïmmigreer het, terwyl die Komsa die noorde van die Skandinawiese Skiereiland bewoon het – 'n gebied wat van die huidige <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8" title="Tromsø">Tromsø</a> tot by <a href="/wiki/Moermansk" title="Moermansk">Moermansk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> gestrek het.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Omtrent 4000 v.C. het albei etniese groepe begin om pyl en boog, harpoen en speer vir jagdoeleindes te gebruik, terwyl daar ook die eerste vissers en akkerbouers was. Die tradisionele jagkuns van die <a href="/wiki/Sami" title="Sami">Samivolk</a> in Noord-Finland toon sekere ooreenkomste met hierdie vroeë beskawings. </p><p>Argeologiese opgrawings het spore van 'n aantal verdere immigrasiegolwe opgelewer, waaronder mense van die sogenaamde Tregterbeker-beskawing wat vanuit die suide na Skandinawië getrek en 'n gebied bewoon het wat van die <a href="/wiki/Oslofjord" title="Oslofjord">Oslofjord</a> en Suid-Swede tot in die huidige <a href="/wiki/Nedersakse" title="Nedersakse">Nedersakse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> gestrek het. </p><p>Tydens die Jongsteentydperk het die jagter- en versamelaar-volke geleidelik begin om akkerbou te beoefen. Megaliet-grafstene uit hierdie periode dui op kulturele bande met verder afgeleë gebiede soos <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Mediterreense wêreld</a>, maar ook na die feit dat die destydse bewoners reeds bepaalde organisasiestrukture ontwikkel het. Die oostelike gebiede, wat van Oos-Pole en die <a href="/wiki/Baltiese_lande" title="Baltiese lande">Baltiese lande</a> tot by Finland en Suid-Swede gestrek het, is deur die sogenaamde Kamkeramiek-beskawing oorheers. Gedurende die laat <a href="/wiki/Bronstydperk" title="Bronstydperk">Bronstydperk</a> het die Baltiese Bootbyl-beskawing na Skandinawië uitgebrei. Argeoloë verwys dan ook na 'n Noord-Eurasiese Kultuurkring wat van Skandinawië en Noord-Rusland tot by Siberië gestrek het, alhoewel die verskillende deelgebiede hul eie kulturele kenmerke ontwikkel het. Motiewe soos ineengestrengelde lyne en dierfigure was veral kenmerkend vir die Germaanse gebied en was tot in die tydperk van die Noorse staafkerke gewild. </p><p>Vanaf 1500 v.C. het die vroeë Skandinawiese volke meer voorwerpe begin vervaardig; ryk argeologiese vondse is onder meer deur setlaars uit die Bronstydperk agtergelaat wat nedersettings in die Oslofjord van Suid-Noorweë en die noordelike Varangerfjord bewoon het. Die vondse dui op permanente dorpstrukture met stabiele ekonomieë en etniese ooreenkomste met die destydse relatief welvarende bewoners van Denemarke.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eerste handelsbande is aangeknoop, en Deense handelaars het Jutlandse <a href="/wiki/Barnsteen" title="Barnsteen">barnsteen</a> teen goud, koper en tin uit die noorde geruil. Grafvondse bewys dat daar in hierdie periode reeds gespesialiseerde ambagsmanne was wat versierde wapens en juweliersware vervaardig het. Godsdienstige voorwerpe soos die Sonstrydwa uit Trundholm (Denemarke), 'n vroeë bronskunswerk, verwys naas steeninskrifte na die kenmerke van die destydse godsdienste. </p><p>Houtsnywerk en reliëfs verduidelik kenmerke van die vroeë beskawings – roeibote, jag- en trekdiere was gewilde kunsobjekte, net soos manlike figure wat in hierdie tydperk meestal naak uitgebeeld is. Argeoloë het nogtans danksy talle vondse in koepelgrafte oorblyfsels van tekstiele en leerskoene ontdek sodat die destydse kleredrag gerekonstrueer kan word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Ystertydperk">Die Ystertydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Ystertydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Die Ystertydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Gundestrupkarret1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gundestrupkarret1.jpg/220px-Gundestrupkarret1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gundestrupkarret1.jpg/330px-Gundestrupkarret1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gundestrupkarret1.jpg/440px-Gundestrupkarret1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Die silwerketel van Gundestrup is in 1891 'n moerasgebied naby Gundestrup op die Deense skiereiland Jutland gevind. Die ketel is oorspronklik in stukke verdeel en as 'n <a href="/wiki/Votiewe_offer" title="Votiewe offer">votiefoffer</a> versink</figcaption></figure> <p>Die einde van die Bronstydperk en begin van die periode van ysterbewerking omtrent 500 v.C. is gekenmerk deur nuwe begrafnispraktyke en 'n verdere uitbreiding van akkerbou. In sommige gebiede is die tradisionele koepelgrafte vervang deur bootvormige grafte wat met stene begrens was. Hulle word in kulturele opsig as voorlopers van die latere Wiking-tydperk se boot- en skeepsgrafte beskou.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skandinawië was egter as gevolg van die Keltiese magsuitbreiding in Europa in ekonomiese en politieke opsig geïsoleer. 'n Tweede probleem was die negatiewe uitwerkings van die destydse <a href="/wiki/Klimaatverandering" class="mw-redirect" title="Klimaatverandering">klimaatverandering</a>. Die yster, wat aanvanklik in Skandinawië vervaardig is, was bros en nie bestand teen die lae temperature van die noordelike gebiede sodat dele van Skandinawië deur stagnasie en selfs agteruitgang gekenmerk was. </p><p>Die Ystertydperk is ook die vroegste historiese periode waarin in Griekse en Romeinse werke na die Skandinawiërs verwys is. Die Griekse navorser Pytheas het hulle omtrent 300 v.C. as "barbare" beskryf "wat van bestaansboerdery geleef het."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Romeinse geograaf <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> het in die 1ste eeu na die Kimbers in Denemarke verwys wat met die Kelties-Germaanse silwerketel van Gundestrup verbind word – 'n kunswerk wat ondanks sy vroeg-Keltiese motiewe ook Germaanse invloede toon. </p><p>Hierdie volke het in die Romeinse tydperk met die Romeine handel begin dryf – goedere soos huide, see-ivoor, <a href="/wiki/Slawerny" title="Slawerny">slawe</a> en pelse is na die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> uitgevoer, terwyl Romeinse voorwerpe uit hierdie periode orals in Skandinawië opgegrawe is. Die beste akkerbougronde in Suid-Noorweë, Suid-Swede en Denemarke was reeds omstreeks 100 v.C. dig bevolk, en daar was die eerste emigrasiegolwe waartydens die <a href="/wiki/Gote" title="Gote">Gote</a> Swede verlaat en die Kimbers en <a href="/wiki/Teutone" title="Teutone">Teutone</a> na Sentraal-Europa begin trek het. Gelyktydig het die Finne vanuit die <a href="/wiki/Wolga" title="Wolga">Wolgagebied</a> na die noordweste getrek om hulle in die huidige Suid-Finland te vestig, terwyl ook Baltiese stamme na Finland geïmmigreer en Germaanse groepe hul stamgebiede na die noordelike Noorweë uitgebrei het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_Germaanse_beskawings"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_Germaanse_beskawings"></span>Vroeë Germaanse beskawings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë Germaanse beskawings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë Germaanse beskawings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cimbrians_and_Teutons_invasions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cimbrians_and_Teutons_invasions.svg/220px-Cimbrians_and_Teutons_invasions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cimbrians_and_Teutons_invasions.svg/330px-Cimbrians_and_Teutons_invasions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cimbrians_and_Teutons_invasions.svg/440px-Cimbrians_and_Teutons_invasions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2571" data-file-height="2186" /></a><figcaption>Die suidwaartse migrasie van Kimbers en Teutone<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Battle_icon_gladii_red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Battle_icon_gladii_red.svg/12px-Battle_icon_gladii_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Battle_icon_gladii_red.svg/18px-Battle_icon_gladii_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Battle_icon_gladii_red.svg/24px-Battle_icon_gladii_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> Nederlae van die Kimbers en Teutone<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Battle_icon_gladii_green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Battle_icon_gladii_green.svg/12px-Battle_icon_gladii_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Battle_icon_gladii_green.svg/18px-Battle_icon_gladii_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Battle_icon_gladii_green.svg/24px-Battle_icon_gladii_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a></span> Oorwinnings van die Kimbers en Teutone</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Amber_Bernstein_many_stones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Amber_Bernstein_many_stones.jpg/220px-Amber_Bernstein_many_stones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Amber_Bernstein_many_stones.jpg/330px-Amber_Bernstein_many_stones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Amber_Bernstein_many_stones.jpg/440px-Amber_Bernstein_many_stones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Barnsteen, 'n vroeë handelsgoed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Antler_comb_from_Vimose,_Funen,_Denmark_(DR_207).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Antler_comb_from_Vimose%2C_Funen%2C_Denmark_%28DR_207%29.jpg/220px-Antler_comb_from_Vimose%2C_Funen%2C_Denmark_%28DR_207%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Antler_comb_from_Vimose%2C_Funen%2C_Denmark_%28DR_207%29.jpg/330px-Antler_comb_from_Vimose%2C_Funen%2C_Denmark_%28DR_207%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Antler_comb_from_Vimose%2C_Funen%2C_Denmark_%28DR_207%29.jpg/440px-Antler_comb_from_Vimose%2C_Funen%2C_Denmark_%28DR_207%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>Hierdie horingkam uit die 2de eeu v.C., wat in 'n moerasgebied naby Vimose op die Deense eiland Funen gevind is, dra die oudste bekende rune-inskrif, <i>Harja</i> – 'n manlike voornaam</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Romeine het Skandinawië gewoonlik as die tuisland van die Kimbers beskou, 'n Noord-Germaanse stam wat in die 1ste eeu v.C. op soek na 'n nuwe tuiste suidwaarts getrek en as plunderaars opgetree het. Ook ander barbaarse stamme soos die <a href="/wiki/Langobarde" class="mw-redirect" title="Langobarde">Langobarde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boergondi%C3%AB" title="Boergondië">Boergondiërs</a> en Gote, wat later 'n bedreiging vir die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> sou vorm, is gewoonweg as Skandinawiërs beskryf. Plinius die ouere het in die 1ste eeu n.C. na die eiland <i>Scandia</i> verwys, terwyl <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> die Suiones uit Swede beskryf het – 'n volk van krygers met ongewone skepe. </p><p>Die Sitones, 'n volk in die noorde van Swede en Finland, is na bewering deur 'n vrou oorheers en soms valslik as Amasone beskryf. Kaarte uit die 2de eeu, wat deur Ptolemeüs geskep is, het die Saksers en Kimbers as bewoners van die huidige Denemarke getoon, terwyl Finne en Sami op die kaarte as bewoners van die noordelike Scandia verskyn het. </p><p>Germaanse <a href="/wiki/Rune-alfabet" title="Rune-alfabet">rune-alfabette</a> was vanaf 200 v.C. gebruiklik, maar kon net deur 'n klein aantal ingewydes gelees word. Hulle is soms ook vir magiese doeleindes gebruik, maar het op sigself nie oor magiese simbool-inhoud beskik nie. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vendel_era_helmet_(950).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vendel_era_helmet_%28950%29.jpg/220px-Vendel_era_helmet_%28950%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vendel_era_helmet_%28950%29.jpg/330px-Vendel_era_helmet_%28950%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vendel_era_helmet_%28950%29.jpg/440px-Vendel_era_helmet_%28950%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1416" /></a><figcaption>Sweedse helm uit die Vendeltydperk (550–793)</figcaption></figure> <p>In die volgende eeue is daar – ondanks die florerende handel tussen Skandinawië en die Romeinse wêreld – min oor Noord-Europa geskryf. Die riviere <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> en <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> het 'n belangrike rol vir die handel met Gotiese stamme in die suide gespeel, en in Swede en Denemarke is Romeinse glas- en juweliersware, muntstukke en wapens opgegrawe wat deur die plaaslike stamme met huide, pelse, slawe, barnsteen en ander handelsgoedere betaal is. </p><p>Ná die ondergang van die <a href="/wiki/Wes-Romeinse_Ryk" title="Wes-Romeinse Ryk">Wes-Romeinse Ryk</a> is geen Romeinse of Griekse werke oor Skandinawië meer gepubliseer nie, behalwe vir Cassiodorus se "Geskiedenis van die Gote" in die 6de eeu. Die Skandinawiërs is hier uitgebeeld as die stamme wat 'n einde aan die Romeinse Ryk en beskawing gemaak het. Die noorde van die eiland <i>Scandia</i> is volgens Cassiodorus deur die Adogit en Scerefennae bewoon, die Suehan (of <a href="/wiki/Swede_(volk)" title="Swede (volk)">Swede</a>) in die suide het bekend gestaan vir hulle uitstekende perde en pelse. Ander suidelike stamme was die Halin, Liothida, Bergio, Gauthigoth, Rugi, Augandzi, Grannii en Raumarici.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argeologiese spore wat uit die 4de eeu n.C. dateer dui op hoë bevolkingsdigthede in onder meer Denemarke, terwyl daar vanaf die 6de eeu ook gewapende konflikte was. In hierdie onstuimige periode, wat as die voorfase van die Wikingtyd beskou word, is ook handelsbande met ander Europese volke soos die <a href="/wiki/Friese" title="Friese">Friese</a> aangeknoop; die ontwikkeling van langbote vanaf die 6de eeu het 'n beslissende rol by die uitbreiding van die seehandel gespeel. </p><p>Die vroeë Swede is as 'n konfederasie van hierdie stamme beskryf, terwyl die Dane of vroeë Dene uit 'n kleiner aantal stamme bestaan het. Denemarke en die legendariese eiland <a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Thule</a> in die noorde is deur die <a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Bisantynse</a> geskiedskrywer Procopius as onvrugbare en troostelose gebiede uitgebeeld waar die son ook teen middernag geskyn het. Volgens Procopius was die Sami nog deur 'n baie eenvoudige leefwyse gekenmerk, terwyl ander Skandinawiese volke eerder deur hul religie van ander mense verskil het. </p><p>Latere Skandinawiese bronne verwys na die politieke eendrag van Swede en Dene. Die <i>Ynglinga</i>-saga en ander bronne vermeld dat die Swede van Uppland deur 'n magtige heerser geregeer is, terwyl die <a href="/wiki/Angel-Saksers" title="Angel-Saksers">Angel-Saksiese</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> na die Skandinawiese "seekonings" verwys. Denemarke is eweneens deur magtige konings oorheers. </p><p>Argeologiese opgrawings het getoon dat Skandinawië in hierdie periode 'n agrariese ekonomie was wat met sy welvarende markte ook die ontwikkeling van gespesialiseerde ambagte bevorder het. Die Skandinawiese politiek, administrasie, skeepvaart en krygskuns het destyds van Noord-Europa 'n relatief stabiele gebied gemaak wat tot die bakermat van die Wiking-beskawing sou ontwikkel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Wiking-tydperk">Die Wiking-tydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Wiking-tydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Die Wiking-tydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vikingship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vikingship.jpg/220px-Vikingship.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vikingship.jpg/330px-Vikingship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vikingship.jpg/440px-Vikingship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>'n Moderne namaaksel van 'n Wiking-langskip</figcaption></figure> <p>In 792 het Noorse Wikings hul eerste rooftog in Wes-Europa onderneem en die <a href="/wiki/Klooster" title="Klooster">klooster</a> Lindisfarne op die Noord-Engelse Holy Island geplunder. Dit was die beginpunt van gereelde jaarlikse aanvalle op die Britse kusgebiede. Die Skandinawiese rowers het na hulself as <i>vikíngr</i> verwys – 'n Oud-Noorse term wat sowel as "volgelinge" asook as "seerowers" vertaal kan word.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vanaf 799 het die Wikings ook die Fries-Saksiese kusstroke aangeval en in 845 <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> geplunder. Die rooftogte is gewoonlik deur relatief klein groepe Wikings onderneem wat op een dag onverwags opgedaag en hulle meestal op die volgende dag weer teruggetrek het. Selfs in gevalle waar daar 'n poging onderneem is om bystand aan die slagoffers te verleen, het hierdie hulp gewoonlik te laat gekom. Terwyl aanvalle deur rowers steeds voorgekom het, was die Noormanne se taktiek van blitsaanvalle ongekend in Europa. Vlug was die enigste kans op redding vir die aangevallenes, tog het die vrees wat Wiking-rooftogte versprei het ook verlammend op die kusbewoners ingewerk. Terwyl die laasgenoemdes die hele somer lank aan aanvalle blootgestel was, het die Wikings tydens die najaar met hul prooi – slawe, edelmetale, vleis, graan en ander alledaagse goedere – na hul tuishawens teruggekeer om daar te oorwinter. </p><p>Tans is navorsers glad nie eens oor die beweegredes vir die rooftogte nie. Daar was moontlik 'n hele reeks oorsake waardeur die begin en die einde van die Wiking-aanvalle op Wes-Europese kusgebiede verklaar kan word. Dikwels word aangevoer dat die Wikings as gevolg van vinnige demografiese groei en hoë bevolkingsdigthede genoodsaak was om hulle tot rooftogte in oorsese gebiede te wend – argeologiese vondse dui immers op 'n sterk toename van nedersettings. Maar daar is nogtans geen bewyse dat landbou en vissery destyds nie meer in staat was om in die bevolking se behoeftes te voorsien nie. Dit was juis hul liggaamsgrootte en krag – wat beslis aan goeie voeding te danke was – waarmee Skandinawiërs vrees in Wes-Europese kusbewoners ingejaag het. Eerder as honger word dus faktore soos veglus en die persepsie dat die weerlose kusbewoners en hul welvarende nedersettings 'n maklike prooi was aangevoer. 'n Suksesvolle rooftog het 'n hoë sosiale status aan Wiking-mans verleen en was 'n middel om vinniger rykdom, mag en invloed te bekom as in die tradisionele landbou- of handelsektor. Die Wikings se sedes en godsdiens was ook nie van so 'n aard dat hulle enige morele bedenkinge oor aanvalle op weerloses sou gehad het nie. </p><p>Die plaaslike skeepsboutradisie het 'n buitengewone vervoermiddel aan die Wiking-plunderaars verskaf – hul kenmerkende langskip wat sowat 300 jaar lank ongeëwenaar in Europa was. Sy bouwyse was lig en het van hom 'n vinnige en aanpasbare voertuig gemaak wat snelhede van twintig knope kon behaal (<a href="/wiki/Christophorus_Columbus" title="Christophorus Columbus">Christophorus Columbus</a> se seilskip <i>Santa Maria</i> het teen tien knope in die rigting van Amerika beweeg).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selfs in ongunstige omstandighede soos 'n windstilte kon hulle as roeibote nog 'n spoed van tot by sewe knope bereik. Die langbote se minimale diepgang het Wiking-ekspedisies in staat gestel om selfs rivierop te seil. Vanweë die gebrek aan paaie langs die riviere was dit haas onmoontlik om binnelandse stede met behulp van ruiters teen 'n Wiking-aanval te waarsku. </p><p>Danksy hul ligte bouwyse kon langskepe daarnaas oor langer afstande op land gedra word. Sodoende het Wikings dikwels 'n landengte van sowat twaalf kilometer in die huidige <a href="/wiki/Sleeswyk-Holstein" title="Sleeswyk-Holstein">Sleeswyk-Holstein</a> gebruik om van die Noord- na die Oossee te beweeg en was nie genoodsaak om die lang vaart deur die <a href="/wiki/Skagerrak" title="Skagerrak">Skagerrak</a> te onderneem nie. Sweedse Wikings het oor honderde kilometer na die Russiese binneland beweeg en selfs pogings onderneem om <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a> te verower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skandinawiese_koninkryke">Skandinawiese koninkryke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Skandinawiese koninkryke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Skandinawiese koninkryke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wikinger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Wikinger.jpg/220px-Wikinger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Wikinger.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Deense Wikings op see</figcaption></figure> <p>In die 9de eeu, die begin van die Wiking-tydperk, was daar nog nie sprake van die huidige Skandinawiese nasies nie. Politieke grense het dikwels as gevolg van veldtogte of dinastiese ontwikkelinge verander, en die gebied van die huidige Denemarke, Noorweë en Swede was in 'n aantal provinsies verdeel wat deur onafhanklike plaaslike heersers (sogenaamde <i>jarls</i>), konings of invloedryke goewerneurs geregeer is. Baie van hierdie Skandinawiese provinsies (<i>land</i>) het tot vandag toe as administratiewe geweste bewaar gebly. </p><p>'n <i>Land</i> het in die Wiking-tydperk ook die basis van die militêre strukture gevorm. Elke provinsie is in 'n aantal <i>hund</i> verdeel – kleiner administratiewe en militêre eenhede met sowat honderd krygers, en terwyl die provinsies se grense as gevolg van samesmeltings en ander ontwikkelinge voortdurend verander het, is die <i>hund</i> gewoonlik nie aangetas nie en het as stabiele eenhede voortbestaan. Die provinsies het geleidelik tot groter monargiese ryke saamgesmelt wat deur konings geregeer is en geleidelik tot sentralistiese nasionale state ontwikkel het. Noorweë het sy magsgebied in die 13de eeu tot by die voorheen onafhanklike gebiede Ysland en Groenland uitgebrei en die proses van politieke verenigings sodoende afgesluit. Ná die kerstening van Skandinawië het ook die plaaslike koningshuise voordeel uit die kerk se administratiewe strukture getrek wat veral politieke stabiliteit en die opbou van 'n regstelsel bevorder het. </p><p>Reeds in die Wiking-tydperk was Skandinawië in ekonomiese en politieke opsig een van die mees stabiele gebiede in Europa, en moderne historici neem aan dat sowel die bevolkingsgroei in die Nordiese lande asook die aantreklikheid van welvarende gebiede in Wes- en Sentraal-Europa die aanleiding tot die Wiking-rooftogte vanaf die 9de eeu gegee het. Ten spyte van hul wrede aanvalle op kloosters en stede was die <a href="/wiki/Wikings" title="Wikings">Wikings</a> 'n belangrike ekonomiese faktor wat die rykdomme van Wes-Europa as handelsgoed gebruik en sodoende ook 'n bydrae tot die ontwikkeling van Noord- en Oos-Europa gelewer het. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg/220px-Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg/330px-Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg/440px-Flateyjarbok_Haraldr_Halfdan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Harald Hårfagre ontvang die Noorse koningstitel uit die hand van sy vader</figcaption></figure> <p>Denemarke was die mees sentralistiese staat in Skandinawië nadat die koningshuis sy politieke invloed al in die vroeë Wiking-tydperk stelselmatig uitgebrei en uiteindelik 'n ryk oorheers het wat tot by die Elberivier in die huidige <a href="/wiki/Noord-Duitsland" title="Noord-Duitsland">Noord-Duitsland</a> gestrek het. Veldtogte teen die <a href="/wiki/Franke" title="Franke">Franke</a> in <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> en die Saksers en Engeland het die politieke, ekonomiese en militêre groei van die Deense staat nog versterk, en 'n aantal Deense stede het tot demografiese sentra ontwikkel, terwyl die <a href="/wiki/Kerk_(organisasie)" title="Kerk (organisasie)">kerk</a> sy invloed vanuit die hoofstad <a href="/wiki/Roskilde" title="Roskilde">Roskilde</a> geleidelik oor die hele land uitgebrei het. Die koninklike Deense leër was 'n beslissende faktor by die verkiesing van nuwe heersers aangesien die monargiese stelsel net gedeeltelik erflik was. </p><p>Swede was in teenstelling met Denemarke 'n agrariese gebied, maar desondanks het die Sweedse koningshuis met die uitbreiding van sy invloed na Finland en Rusland oor steeds groter bronne van staatsinkomste beskik. Die laat kerstening van die land het die kerk as 'n tweede mag naas die koning gevestig en sy magsuitbreiding beperk. </p><p>In Noorweë het topografiese faktore die ontwikkeling van 'n magtige monargiese stelsel aanvanklik belemmer. Terwyl die meeste noordelike geweste selfregerende gebiede was, is die provinsie <a href="/wiki/Vestfold" title="Vestfold">Vestfold</a> in die suide van die land selfs deur 'n dinastie van oorspronklik Sweedse afkoms oorheers. Eers koning Harald Hårfagre het die verskillende klein Noorse ryke in die laat 9de eeu met sy oorwinning oor die noordelike heersers in 'n eenheidsstaat verenig, en sy dinastie het Noorweë tot die einde van die Wiking-tydperk oorheers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skandinawiese_bergreeks" title="Skandinawiese bergreeks">Skandinawiese bergreeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandinawiese_Korps" title="Skandinawiese Korps">Skandinawiese Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandinawiese_kruis" title="Skandinawiese kruis">Skandinawiese kruis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandinawiese_Monument" title="Skandinawiese Monument">Skandinawiese Monument</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Bosch, Gerhard en Alexandra Wagner: <i>Dienstleistungsgesellschaften in Europa und Ursachen für das Wachstum der Dienstleistungsbeschäftigung</i>. In: KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. Volume 55, nommer 3, September 2003, bl. 487</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Konstam, Angus: <i>Die Kelten. Von der Hallstatt-Kultur bis zur Gegenwart</i>. Wene: tosa/Carl Ueberreuther 2007, bl. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannia.com/celtic/gods/beli.html"><i>britannia.com: Celtic Gods</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Konstam, Angus: <i>Die Wikinger. Geschichte, Eroberungen, Kultur</i>. Wene: tosa/Carl Ueberreuther 2007, bl. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Schröter, Harm G.: <i>Geschichte Skandinaviens</i>. München: C.H. Beck 2007, bl. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Konstam (2007), bl. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Konstam (2007), bl. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Konstam (2007), bl. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Konstam (2007), bl. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Schröter (2007), bl. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Schröter (2007), bl. 13</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scandinavia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Scandinavia">Skandinawië</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Scandinavia">"Scandinavia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">7 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scandinavia&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FScandinavia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASkandinawi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Die Nordiese Model – welvaartstaat en vryemarkekonomie</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurotopics.net/en/magazin/skandinavisches_modell_2007_10/interne_links_skandinavien/">eurotopics.net Oktober 2007: <i>Die Nordiese Model – vryemarkekonomie en welvaartstaat in Skandinawië (in Duits, Engels en Frans beskikbaar)</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071220002117/http://www.eurotopics.net/en/magazin/skandinavisches_modell_2007_10/interne_links_skandinavien/">Geargiveer</a> 20 Desember 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gebiede_van_die_Wêreld" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Gebied" title="Sjabloon:Gebied"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:tan;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Gebied" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Gebied"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:tan;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Gebied&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:tan;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gebiede_van_die_Wêreld" class="vcard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gebiede van die Wêreld</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan; text-align:left; vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Afrika" title="Sentraal-Afrika">Sentraal-Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oos-Afrika" title="Oos-Afrika">Oos-Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groot_Mere_van_Afrika" title="Groot Mere van Afrika">Groot Mere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinee_(gebied)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guinee (gebied) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Guinee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horing_van_Afrika" title="Horing van Afrika">Horing van Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noord-Afrika" title="Noord-Afrika">Noord-Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb">Magreb</a></li> <li>Noordwes-Afrika</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suider-Afrika" title="Suider-Afrika">Suider-Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_suid_van_die_Sahara" title="Afrika suid van die Sahara">Afrika suid van die Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soedan_(gebied)" title="Soedan (gebied)">Soedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes-Afrika" title="Wes-Afrika">Wes-Afrika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan; text-align:left; vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Amerikas" title="Amerikas">Amerikas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andes-state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes-Indi%C3%AB" title="Wes-Indië">Karibiese Eilande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Amerika" title="Sentraal-Amerika">Sentraal-Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groot_Mere" title="Groot Mere">Groot Mere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groot_Vlaktes" title="Groot Vlaktes">Groot  Vlaktes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Guiana">Guianas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latyns-Amerika" title="Latyns-Amerika">Latyns-Amerika</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagoni%C3%AB" title="Patagonië">Patagonië</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Suid-Amerika" title="Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></b></li> <li>Suidelike Keël</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan; text-align:left; vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Eurasi%C3%AB" title="Eurasië">Eurasië</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatoli%C3%AB" title="Anatolië">Anatolië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Skiereiland" title="Arabiese Skiereiland">Arabië</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltiese_lande" title="Baltiese lande">Baltiese lande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britse_Eilande" title="Britse Eilande">Britse Eilande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiese_subkontinent" title="Indiese subkontinent">Indiese subkontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukasus" title="Kaukasus">Kaukasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Asi%C3%AB" title="Sentraal-Asië">Sentraal-Asië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Europa" title="Sentraal-Europa">Sentraal-Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oos-Asi%C3%AB" title="Oos-Asië">Oos-Asië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oos-Europa" title="Oos-Europa">Oos-Europa</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verre-Ooste" class="mw-redirect" title="Verre-Ooste">Verre-Ooste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Mediterreense gebied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midde-Ooste" title="Midde-Ooste">Midde-Ooste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noord-Asi%C3%AB" title="Noord-Asië">Noord-Asië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noord-Europa" title="Noord-Europa">Noord-Europa</a></li> <li>Na-Sowjetse lande</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Skandinawië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suidoos-Asi%C3%AB" title="Suidoos-Asië">Suidoos-Asië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suid-Europa" title="Suid-Europa">Suid-Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes-Asi%C3%AB" title="Wes-Asië">Wes-Asië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes-Europa" title="Wes-Europa">Wes-Europa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan; text-align:left; vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Oseani%C3%AB" title="Oseanië">Oseanië</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australasi%C3%AB" title="Australasië">Australasië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesi%C3%AB" title="Melanesië">Melanesië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikronesi%C3%AB" title="Mikronesië">Mikronesië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polinesi%C3%AB" title="Polinesië">Polinesië</a></li> <li>Stille Oseaanrand</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan; text-align:left; vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;">Poolgebiede</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noordpool" title="Noordpool">Noordpoolgebied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="24px&#124;link=_Nordiese_lande" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Nordiese_lande" title="Sjabloon:Nordiese lande"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Nordiese_lande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Nordiese lande (bladsy bestaan nie)"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Nordiese_lande&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="24px&#124;link=_Nordiese_lande" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Generic_Nordic_Cross.svg/24px-Generic_Nordic_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Generic_Nordic_Cross.svg/36px-Generic_Nordic_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Generic_Nordic_Cross.svg/48px-Generic_Nordic_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> Nordiese lande</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Denemarke"><img alt="Vlag van Denemarke" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Finland"><img alt="Vlag van Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Noorweë"><img alt="Vlag van Noorweë" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Swede"><img alt="Vlag van Swede" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ysland"><img alt="Vlag van Ysland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nordiese_lande" title="Nordiese lande"><img alt="Kaard van die Nordiese lande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg/120px-Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg/180px-Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg/240px-Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outonome lande</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Åland"><img alt="Vlag van Åland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/22px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/33px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/44px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Faroëreilande"><img alt="Vlag van Faroëreilande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Faro%C3%ABreilande" title="Faroëreilande">Faroëreilande</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Greenland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Groenland"><img alt="Vlag van Groenland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Groenland" title="Groenland">Groenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spesiale status/kulturele area</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Svalbard"><img alt="Vlag van Svalbard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sami_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Sápmi"><img alt="Vlag van Sápmi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/22px-Sami_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/33px-Sami_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/44px-Sami_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Verwant</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordiese_Raad" title="Nordiese Raad">Nordiese Raad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sien ook</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oudnoors" title="Oudnoors">Oudnoors</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Skandinawië</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21195&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21195&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21195" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451129">XX451129</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238529v">cb15238529v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238529v">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4055209-3">4055209-3</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85117937">sh85117937</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046298">10046298</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571659">00571659</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130821&CON_LNG=ENG">ge130821</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47145970299832252147">47145970299832252147</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/47145970299832252147">47145970299832252147</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skandinawië&oldid=2675069">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skandinawië&oldid=2675069</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="Kategorie:Skandinawië">Skandinawië</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Skiereilande" title="Kategorie:Skiereilande">Skiereilande</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNE-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NARA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NDL-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders">Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NKC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders">Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_8_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 8 elemente">Normdata met 8 elemente</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 1 Junie 2024 om 19:00 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skandinawi%C3%AB&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-qd6jg","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.280","walltime":"0.703","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1444,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":48238,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8414,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":9313,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 294.706 1 -total"," 22.40% 66.018 1 Sjabloon:Cite_web"," 18.68% 55.059 1 Sjabloon:CommonsKategorie"," 14.70% 43.316 1 Sjabloon:Nordiese_lande"," 13.97% 41.184 1 Sjabloon:Normdata"," 13.70% 40.373 1 Sjabloon:Navbox"," 11.95% 35.227 10 Sjabloon:Flag"," 11.60% 34.186 1 Sjabloon:Hoofartikel"," 10.47% 30.860 1 Sjabloon:Rellink"," 9.32% 27.479 1 Sjabloon:Namespace_detect"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.083","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3669642,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-65bb7474cd-qzrrr","timestamp":"20241127142120","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Skandinawi\u00eb","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skandinawi%C3%AB","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q21195","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q21195","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-11-26T22:25:11Z","dateModified":"2024-06-01T19:00:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/21\/Scandinavia_location_map_definitions.PNG"}</script> </body> </html>