CINXE.COM
ICL > Belarus > Index
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <base href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html"> <script src="//archive.org/includes/athena.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){var v=archive_analytics.values;v.service='wb';v.server_name='wwwb-app203.us.archive.org';v.server_ms=302;archive_analytics.send_pageview({});});</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html","20200623093227","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1592904747"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv"><!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title>ICL > Belarus > Index</title> <link rel="home" href="https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/"> <link rel="index" href="https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/index.html"> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=" utf-8> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="description" content="Internet Project on Legal Research."> <meta name="author" content="Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, LL.M."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="description" content="Internet Project on Legal Research."> <meta name="preprocessor" content="DfrMgr Ver. 3.0"> <meta name="copyright" content="Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, LL.M."> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <meta name="revisit-after" content="10 days"> <meta name="description" content="International Constitutional Law"> <meta name="keywords" content="Constitutional Law, Constitutions"> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227cs_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/cssjs/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227js_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/cssjs/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227js_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/cssjs/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227js_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/cssjs/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> :target{ padding-top:140px; margin-top:-150px; } </style> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="en" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script><!-- BEGIN WAYBACK TOOLBAR INSERT --> <script>__wm.rw(0);</script> <div id="wm-ipp-base" lang="en" style="display:none;direction:ltr;"> <div id="wm-ipp" style="position:fixed;left:0;top:0;right:0;"> <div id="donato" style="position:relative;width:100%;"> <div id="donato-base"><iframe id="donato-if" src="https://archive.org/includes/donate.php?as_page=1&platform=wb&referer=https%3A//web.archive.org/web/20200623093227/https%3A//www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width:100%; height:100%"> </iframe> </div> </div> <div id="wm-ipp-inside"> <div id="wm-toolbar" style="position:relative;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;justify-content:space-between;"> <div id="wm-logo" style="/*width:110px;*/padding-top:12px;"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine home page"><img src="/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-200.png" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-100.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-150.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1.5x,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-200.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 2x" alt="Wayback Machine" style="width:100px" border="0"></a> </div> <div class="c" style="display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;justify-content:space-between;flex:1;"> <form class="u" style="display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;" target="_top" method="get" action="/web/submit" name="wmtb" id="wmtb"> <input type="text" name="url" id="wmtbURL" value="https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html" onfocus="this.focus();this.select();" style="flex:1;"><input type="hidden" name="type" value="replay"><input type="hidden" name="date" value="20200623093227"><input type="submit" value="Go"> </form> <div style="display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;align-items:flex-end;"> <div class="s" id="wm-nav-captures" style="flex:1;"><a class="t" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227*/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="See a list of every capture for this URL">130 captures</a> <div class="r" title="Timespan for captures of this URL"> 08 Mar 2008 - 08 Oct 2024 </div> </div> <div class="k"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" id="wm-graph-anchor"> <div id="wm-ipp-sparkline" title="Explore captures for this URL" style="position: relative"> <canvas id="wm-sparkline-canvas" width="725" height="27" border="0"></canvas> </div></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="n"> <table> <tbody><!-- NEXT/PREV MONTH NAV AND MONTH INDICATOR --> <tr class="m"> <td class="b" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200221114308/http://www.servat.unibe.ch:80/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 Feb 2020"><strong>Feb</strong></a></td> <td class="c" id="displayMonthEl" title="You are here: 09:32:27 Jun 23, 2020">JUN</td> <td class="f" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20201001173727/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="01 Oct 2020"><strong>Oct</strong></a></td> </tr><!-- NEXT/PREV CAPTURE NAV AND DAY OF MONTH INDICATOR --> <tr class="d"> <td class="b" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200221114308/http://www.servat.unibe.ch:80/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11:43:08 Feb 21, 2020"><img src="/_static/images/toolbar/wm_tb_prv_on.png" alt="Previous capture" width="14" height="16" border="0"></a></td> <td class="c" id="displayDayEl" style="width:34px;font-size:22px;white-space:nowrap;" title="You are here: 09:32:27 Jun 23, 2020">23</td> <td class="f" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20201001173727/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17:37:27 Oct 01, 2020"><img src="/_static/images/toolbar/wm_tb_nxt_on.png" alt="Next capture" width="14" height="16" border="0"></a></td> </tr><!-- NEXT/PREV YEAR NAV AND YEAR INDICATOR --> <tr class="y"> <td class="b" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20190524211311/http://www.servat.unibe.ch:80/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24 May 2019"><strong>2019</strong></a></td> <td class="c" id="displayYearEl" title="You are here: 09:32:27 Jun 23, 2020">2020</td> <td class="f" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20210628091309/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="28 Jun 2021"><strong>2021</strong></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="r" style="display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;"> <div id="wm-btns" style="text-align:right;height:23px;"><span class="xxs"> <div id="wm-save-snapshot-success"> success </div> <div id="wm-save-snapshot-fail"> fail </div><a id="wm-save-snapshot-open" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" title="Share via My Web Archive"> <span class="iconochive-web"></span> </a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/account/login.php" title="Sign In" id="wm-sign-in"> <span class="iconochive-person"></span> </a> <span id="wm-save-snapshot-in-progress" class="iconochive-web"></span> </span> <a class="xxs" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://faq.web.archive.org/" title="Get some help using the Wayback Machine" style="top:-6px;"><span class="iconochive-question" style="color:rgb(87,186,244);font-size:160%;"></span></a> <a id="wm-tb-close" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#close" style="top:-2px;" title="Close the toolbar"><span class="iconochive-remove-circle" style="color:#888888;font-size:240%;"></span></a> </div> <div id="wm-share" class="xxs"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" id="wm-screenshot" title="screenshot"> <span class="wm-icon-screen-shot"></span> </a> <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" id="wm-video" title="video"> <span class="iconochive-movies"></span> </a> <a id="wm-share-facebook" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html" title="Share on Facebook" style="margin-right:5px;" target="_blank"><span class="iconochive-facebook" style="color:#3b5998;font-size:160%;"></span></a> <a id="wm-share-twitter" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html" title="Share on Twitter" style="margin-right:5px;" target="_blank"><span class="iconochive-twitter" style="color:#1dcaff;font-size:160%;"></span></a> </div> <div style="padding-right:2px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><a id="wm-expand" class="wm-btn wm-closed" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#expand"><span id="wm-expand-icon" class="iconochive-down-solid"></span> <span class="xxs" style="font-size:80%;">About this capture</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wm-capinfo" style="border-top:1px solid #777;display:none; overflow: hidden"> <div id="wm-capinfo-notice" source="api"></div> <div id="wm-capinfo-collected-by"> <div style="background-color:#666;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"> COLLECTED BY </div> <div style="padding:3px;position:relative" id="wm-collected-by-content"> <div style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:49%;"><span class="c-logo" style="background-image:url(https://archive.org/services/img/wikipedia-eventstream)"></span> <div> Collection: <a style="color:#33f;" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/wikipedia-eventstream" target="_new"><span class="wm-title">Wikipedia Eventstream</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wm-capinfo-timestamps"> <div style="background-color:#666;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center" title="Timestamps for the elements of this page"> TIMESTAMPS </div> <div> <div id="wm-capresources" style="margin:0 5px 5px 5px;max-height:250px;overflow-y:scroll !important"></div> <div id="wm-capresources-loading" style="text-align:left;margin:0 20px 5px 5px;display:none"> <img src="/_static/images/loading.gif" alt="loading"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wm-ipp-print"> The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html </div> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ __wm.bt(725,27,25,2,"web","https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html","20200623093227",1996,"/_static/",["/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt","/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv"], false); __wm.rw(1); //]]></script><!-- END WAYBACK TOOLBAR INSERT --> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark mb-3 pl-0 fixed-top" style="background-color: #009900;"> <div class="container-fluid"><a class="navbar-brand mr-3 dropdown-toggle" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <img src="/web/20200623093227im_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/b/atlogo-white.png" height="28" class="d-inline-block align-top" alt="" loading="lazy" pr-3> ICL Project </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://www.verfassungsvergleich.de/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">International Constitutional Law (ICL)</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://www.fallrecht.ch/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Das Fallrecht (DFR)</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://www.rechtsphilosophie.ch/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Rechtsphilosophie (RPhil)</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://www.verfassungsgeschichte.ch/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Verfassungsgeschichte (VerfG)</a> </div><button type="button" class="navbar-toggler" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarCollapse"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarCollapse"> <div class="navbar-nav"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/index.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="nav-item nav-link active" id="constMenu">Countries</a> <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/info.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="nav-item nav-link" id="infoMenu">Information</a> <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/xr__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="nav-item nav-link" id="xr__indxMenu">Keys</a> <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/synonyms.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="nav-item nav-link" id="synonymsMenu">Synonyms</a> <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/persons.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="nav-item nav-link" id="personsMenu">Persons</a> </div> <div class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/privacy.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="nav-item nav-link" id="privacyMenu">Privacy</a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-2" style="margin-top: 70px;"> <nav id="sidebar"> <div class="sidebar-header"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/maps/large/bo-map.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <img src="/web/20200623093227im_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gifs/bo__map.gif" width="100%"> </a> </div> <ul class="list-unstyled components"> <p></p><!-- <li><a href="/icl/info.html">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/icl/xr__indx.html">Keys</a></li> <li><a href="/icl/synonyms.html">Synonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/icl/persons.html">Persons</a></li> --> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#constSubmenu" data-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="true" class="dropdown-toggle" id="constToggle"><b>Constitutions</b></a> <ul class="collapse show list-unstyled" id="constSubmenu"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/af__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/al__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ag__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ao__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ar__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/am__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/as__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/au__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/aj__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ba__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" active><b>Belarus</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/be__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bk__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/br__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bu__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/cb__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ca__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/cc__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ch__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">China</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/cf__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Congo-Brazzaville</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/cs__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/hr__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/cu__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/cy__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ez__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/er__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/en__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/et__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/fj__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/fi__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/fr__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">France</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gg__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gm__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gr__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/h1__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/hk__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/hu__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ic__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/in__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">India</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/id__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/iz__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ei__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/is__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/it__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ja__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ke__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ku__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/lg__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/le__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/li__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ly__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/lh__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/lu__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mk__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ma__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mt__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mr__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mg__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/wa__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/np__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/nl__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/nz__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/kn__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/no__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mu__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/pa__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/pl__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/po__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/qa__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ro__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/rs__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/rw__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sa__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ri__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sn__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/lo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/si__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sf__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ks__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sp__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sw__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sz__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sy__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/tw__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ti__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/tz__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/th__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/t1__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ts__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/tu__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/uk__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/us__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">United States of America</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/vm__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ym__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/za__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/zi__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Zimbabwe</a></li> </ul> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#infoSubmenu" data-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" class="dropdown-toggle" id="infoToggle">Information</a> <ul class="collapse list-unstyled" id="infoSubmenu"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/an__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bf__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bg__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bl__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/by__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ci__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/cg__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Congo-Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/co__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/dr__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ec__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/eg__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gt__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ho__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/my__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mx__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/md__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bm__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/nu__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ni__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/pk__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/pm__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/pp__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/pe__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/rp__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/rq__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sl__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/so__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ce__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/su__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ug__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/up__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/uz__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ve__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Venezuela</a></li> </ul> </ul></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="col-sm-10" style="margin-bottom: 70px; margin-top: 50px;"> <div class="container-fluid sticky-top pl-0 pt-3 pb-1 bg-white" style="top: 50px;"> <h1 class="display-5">Belarus</h1> </div><!-- Content --> <ul> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo00000_.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Constitution</a> (<a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo00t___.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">1994</a>)<a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo00c___.doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img src="/web/20200623093227im_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gifs/download.gif" alt=" Download Document" border="0" height="13" width="15"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo01000_.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Enactment Law</a> (<a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo01t___.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">1994</a>)<a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo01c___.doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img src="/web/20200623093227im_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gifs/download.gif" alt=" Download Document" border="0" height="13" width="15"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo02000_.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Declaration of Sovereignty</a> (<a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo02t___.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">1990</a>)<a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo02c___.doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img src="/web/20200623093227im_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gifs/download.gif" alt=" Download Document" border="0" height="13" width="15"></a></li><br> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://www.house.gov.by/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="top">House of Representatives</a><img src="/web/20200623093227im_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gifs/others.gif" alt=" ..." height="11" width="17"></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://www.sovrep.gov.by/index_eng.php/home.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="top">Council of the Republic</a><img src="/web/20200623093227im_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gifs/others.gif" alt=" ..." height="11" width="17"></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://government.gov.by/ru/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="top">Government</a><img src="/web/20200623093227im_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gifs/others.gif" alt=" ..." height="11" width="17"></li> <li><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://kc.gov.by/en/main.aspx?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" target="top">Constitutional Court</a><img src="/web/20200623093227im_/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/gifs/others.gif" alt=" ..." height="11" width="17"></li> </ul><br> <h4>Constitutional Background</h4> <div align="left"> The Belarussian Supreme Soviet declared sovereignty on 27 July 1990 and adopted a new Constitution on 15 March 1994 (cf. below). It is, however, far from democratic rule. When the Belarus Constitutional Court ruled five presidential decrees invalid, including one that overturned the budget and another that banned independent trade unions, President <i>Alexander Lukashenka</i> said he would ignore the Court. Also, active members of pro-democracy groups are assaulted and sometimes imprisoned. </div><br> <h4>History and News</h4> <ul> <li>17 Oct 2004: <i>Lukashenka</i> wins a sham referendum to change the constitution; this allows him unlimited re-election after 2006.</li> <li>2 April 1997: <i>Lukashenka</i> and Russian President <i>Boris Yeltsin</i> meet in Moscow to sign a treaty establishing a "Community of Sovereign Republics" that is not yet supplemented by any substance, but might eventually result in common citizenship and a currency union.</li> <li>May 1995: General elections lead to only 120 deputies for the 260 seats of the parliament because in most constituencies, the turnout is below the minimum of 50%.</li> <li>1995: <i>Lukashenka</i> wins 80% of the vote in presidential elections.</li> <li>30 Sep 1994: Anti-crisis program to stabilize the economy.</li> <li>July 1994: Moscau-oriented <i>Alexander Lukaschenko</i> wins Presidential Elections and starts autocratic rule.</li> <li>15 March 1994: <b>New Constitution</b> adopted by the Supreme Soviet.</li> <li>May 1993: Eight-year program on structural reforms of the industry.</li> <li>27 July 1990: Declaration on State Sovereignty by Supreme Soviet of Belarus.</li> <li>1986: Nuclear desaster at Chernobyl contaminates a fifth of the country.</li> <li>1978: <b>Constitution</b> adopted by the Supreme Soviet.</li> <li>22 June 1941 - 28 July 1944: Occupation by fascist Germany; a third of the country's people are killed during the war.</li> <li>18 March 1921: Treaty of Riga; Western Belarus becomes part of Poland.</li> <li>1 Jan 1919: Declaration of the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.</li> <li>25 March 1918: Declaration of the independent Belarusian People's Republic.</li> <li>7 Nov 1917: October coup by Minsk Soviet; Bolshevik revolution in Russia.</li> <li>1863: Insurrection in Belarus, Poland, and Lithuania.</li> <li>1772: Division of the Commonwealth of Poland; Belarus territory becomes part of the Russian Empire.</li> <li>1569: Polish Kingdom and Grand Duchy of Lithuania unite into the federal Commonwealth of Poland.</li> <li>29 Sep 1529: Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania acknowledges Belarus.</li> <li>1230: Establishment of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.</li> </ul> <hr size="1"> <center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"> For methodology see: <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://ssrn.com/abstract=1502125?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> Comparing Constitutions and International Constitutional Law</a>.<br><i>漏 1994 - 07. Jun 2020 / For corrections please contact <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/http://www.rechtsphilosophie.ch/tschentscher.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">A. Tschentscher</a>.</i> </font> </center><!-- /Content --> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md pl-0 navbar-dark fixed-bottom" style="background-color: #009900;"> <div class="container-fluid"><button type="button" class="navbar-toggler" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#footerCollapse"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="footerCollapse"> <div class="navbar-nav"><a class="nav-link active" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Projects ></a> <a class="nav-link active" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">ICL ></a> <a class="nav-link active" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/index.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Constitutions ></a> <a class="nav-link active" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bo__indx.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Belarus</a> </div> </div> <div class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><a class="nav-link active" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200623093227/https://www.servat.unibe.ch/rechtsphilosophie/tschentscher.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">漏 <i>1994-2020 A. Tschentscher</i></a> </div> </div> </nav> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('en', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 09:32:27 Jun 23, 2020 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 03:52:31 Nov 26, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --><!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.523 exclusion.robots: 0.025 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.015 esindex: 0.012 cdx.remote: 11.308 LoadShardBlock: 135.729 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 125.28 (4) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 79.359 (2) load_resource: 126.957 -->