CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Women in the United States Marine Corps - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"06ea6a9e-ce78-42bd-adb7-da08911c6dd8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps","wgTitle":"Women in the United States Marine Corps","wgCurRevisionId":1257965675,"wgRevisionId":1257965675,"wgArticleId":47499659,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description with empty Wikidata description","Commons category link is on Wikidata","History of the United States Marine Corps","United States Marine Corps","Women in the United States Marine Corps","Women in the United States military"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps", "wgRelevantArticleId":47499659,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q21070456","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg/1200px-Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg/800px-Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg/640px-Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Women in the United States Marine Corps - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps rootpage-Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Women+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Women+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Women+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Women+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prior_to_World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prior_to_World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prior to World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prior_to_World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_and_the_late_1940s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_and_the_late_1940s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>World War II and the late 1940s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_and_the_late_1940s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Korean War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Vietnam War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East_conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East_conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Middle East conflicts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East_conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diversity_of_women_in_the_Marine_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diversity_of_women_in_the_Marine_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diversity of women in the Marine Corps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diversity_of_women_in_the_Marine_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues_for_women_within_the_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues_for_women_within_the_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Issues for women within the Corps</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issues_for_women_within_the_Corps-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issues for women within the Corps subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Issues_for_women_within_the_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Combat_exclusions_and_women_in_combat_(1993–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combat_exclusions_and_women_in_combat_(1993–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Combat exclusions and women in combat (1993–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combat_exclusions_and_women_in_combat_(1993–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexism_and_sexual_harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexism_and_sexual_harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sexism and sexual harassment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexism_and_sexual_harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sexual orientation and gender identity policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Female_Marines_in_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_Marines_in_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Female Marines in fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_Marines_in_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Women in the United States Marine Corps</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femmes_dans_le_corps_des_Marines_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Femmes dans le corps des Marines des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Femmes dans le corps des Marines des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21070456#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&oldid=1257965675" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&id=1257965675&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWomen_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWomen_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21070456" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg/290px-Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg/435px-Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg/580px-Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidates_School_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps)">Marine officer candidate</a> standing at the <a href="/wiki/At_attention" title="At attention">position of attention</a> during an organized run, at <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico" title="Marine Corps Base Quantico">Marine Corps Base Quantico</a>, 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>There have been <b>women in the United States Marine Corps</b> since 1918, and women continue to serve in the Corps today.<sup id="cite_ref-History_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-womenmarines1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-womenmarines1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note that some minor wars women served in have been omitted from this history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prior_to_World_War_I">Prior to World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prior to World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Brewer" title="Lucy Brewer">Lucy Brewer</a> (or Eliza Bowen, or Louisa Baker) is the <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a> of a writer who purported to be the first woman in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marines">United States Marines</a>, serving aboard the <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">USS <i>Constitution</i></a> as a sharpshooter in the 1800s while pretending to be a man named George Baker.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brewer's adventures were probably written by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Hill_Wright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathaniel Hill Wright (page does not exist)">Nathaniel Hill Wright</a> or Wright's publisher, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Coverly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathaniel Coverly (page does not exist)">Nathaniel Coverly</a>. No one by the name of Lucy Brewer (or that of her other pseudonyms, or that of her husband) can be found in historical records; in addition, it is highly unlikely a woman could have disguised herself for three years on the <i>Constitution</i>, as the crew had little to no privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMedlicott1966466_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedlicott1966466-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (For example, no toilet facilities or private quarters existed on the ship, and physical examinations were thorough in the Marines.) In addition, Brewer's book <i>The Female Marine</i>'s identifying details of the <i>Constitution</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s travels and battles are nearly verbatim to accounts published by the ship's commanders in contemporary newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMedlicott1966466_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedlicott1966466-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opha-Mae-Johnson-face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Opha-Mae-Johnson-face.jpg/170px-Opha-Mae-Johnson-face.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Opha-Mae-Johnson-face.jpg/255px-Opha-Mae-Johnson-face.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Opha-Mae-Johnson-face.jpg/340px-Opha-Mae-Johnson-face.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="1165" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Opha_May_Johnson" title="Opha May Johnson">Opha May Johnson</a> was the first known woman to enlist in the Marines. She joined the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Forces_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Forces Reserve">Marine Corps Reserve</a> in 1918, officially becoming the first female Marine.<sup id="cite_ref-History_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Opha_May_Johnson" title="Opha May Johnson">Opha May Johnson</a> was the first known woman to enlist in the Marines. She joined the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Forces_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Forces Reserve">Marine Corps Reserve</a> on August 13, 1918, during America's involvement in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, officially becoming the first female Marine.<sup id="cite_ref-History_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Century_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Century-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From then until the end of World War I, 305 women enlisted in the Marines.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were often nicknamed "Marinettes", and helped with the office duties at the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_Marine_Corps" title="Headquarters Marine Corps">Headquarters Marine Corps</a>, so the men who usually worked the administrative roles could be sent to France to help fight in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Century_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Century-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_and_the_late_1940s">World War II and the late 1940s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II and the late 1940s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Marine_Corps_portrait_of_Beatrice_Arthur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/U.S._Marine_Corps_portrait_of_Beatrice_Arthur.jpg/220px-U.S._Marine_Corps_portrait_of_Beatrice_Arthur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/U.S._Marine_Corps_portrait_of_Beatrice_Arthur.jpg/330px-U.S._Marine_Corps_portrait_of_Beatrice_Arthur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/U.S._Marine_Corps_portrait_of_Beatrice_Arthur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bea_Arthur" title="Bea Arthur">Bea Arthur</a>'s U.S. Marine Corps photo; she served during World War II.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Marine Corps created the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Women%27s_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve">Marine Corps Women's Reserve</a> in 1943, during America's involvement in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-womensmemorial1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-womensmemorial1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Cheney_Streeter" title="Ruth Cheney Streeter">Ruth Cheney Streeter</a> was its first director.<sup id="cite_ref-gmu_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmu-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 20,000 women Marines served in World War II, in over 225 different specialties, filling 85 percent of the enlisted jobs at Headquarters Marine Corps and comprising one-half to two-thirds of the permanent personnel at major Marine Corps posts.<sup id="cite_ref-gmu_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmu-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The demobilization plan for the Marine Corps Women's Reserve called for mandatory resignation or discharge of all Reserve members by 1 September 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by August 1946, some 300 women had been asked by the Marine Corps to stay on, even as the last of the Reserve's barracks was being closed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the next two years, these women served the Marine Corps in an undetermined status. In 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Armed_Services_Integration_Act" title="Women's Armed Services Integration Act">Women's Armed Services Integration Act</a> gave women permanent status in the Regular and Reserve forces of the Marines.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-womensmemorial1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-womensmemorial1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean_War">Korean War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Korean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> the number of women Marines serving peaked at 2,787. Most of them served as part of the clerical and administrative staff, in an effort to free male Marines of stateside duties so those men could join overseas combat.<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards2006_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards2006-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam_War">Vietnam War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vietnam War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1967, Public Law 90-130 was signed into law; it removed legal ceilings on women's promotions that had kept them out of the general and flag ranks, and dropped the two percent ceiling on officer and enlisted strengths for women in the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1967, Master Sergeant <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Dulinsky" title="Barbara Dulinsky">Barbara Dulinsky</a> became the first female Marine to serve in a combat zone in Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-womenmarines1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-womenmarines1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the peak of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, there were approximately 2,700 women Marines on active duty, serving both stateside and overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-usmc_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmc-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_East_conflicts">Middle East conflicts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Middle East conflicts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_flying_look_into_women%27s_history_DVIDS80431.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/A_flying_look_into_women%27s_history_DVIDS80431.jpg/220px-A_flying_look_into_women%27s_history_DVIDS80431.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/A_flying_look_into_women%27s_history_DVIDS80431.jpg/330px-A_flying_look_into_women%27s_history_DVIDS80431.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/A_flying_look_into_women%27s_history_DVIDS80431.jpg/440px-A_flying_look_into_women%27s_history_DVIDS80431.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Captain Elizabeth A. Okoreeh-Baah, the first female <a href="/wiki/MV-22_Osprey" class="mw-redirect" title="MV-22 Osprey">MV-22 Osprey</a> pilot, stands on the flight line in Al Asad, Iraq after a combat operation on March 12, 2008.</figcaption></figure> <p>One thousand women Marines were deployed for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a> (1990) and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Shield">Operation Desert Shield</a> (1990–1991).<sup id="cite_ref-usmc_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usmc-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Female Marines served in the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> from 2003 until 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Female marines also served in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan War</a> that began in 2001 and ended in 2021, and the <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led combat intervention in Iraq</a> that began in 2014 and ended in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera.com_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters.com_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LastFlight_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LastFlight-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2020, women made up 8.9% of total active duty Marines.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BGen_Margaret_A._Brewer_promotion_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BGen_Margaret_A._Brewer_promotion_ceremony.jpg/220px-BGen_Margaret_A._Brewer_promotion_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BGen_Margaret_A._Brewer_promotion_ceremony.jpg/330px-BGen_Margaret_A._Brewer_promotion_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BGen_Margaret_A._Brewer_promotion_ceremony.jpg/440px-BGen_Margaret_A._Brewer_promotion_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1204" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margaret_A._Brewer" title="Margaret A. Brewer">Margaret A. Brewer</a>'s promotion ceremony to the rank of brigadier general, on May 11, 1978.</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 11, 1978, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_A._Brewer" title="Margaret A. Brewer">Margaret A. Brewer</a> became the first female general officer in the Marine Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-Carter_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2020, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Recruit_Depot_San_Diego" title="Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego">Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego</a> agreed to join <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Recruit_Depot_Parris_Island" title="Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island">Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island</a> in accepting female recruits,<sup id="cite_ref-femalenow_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-femalenow-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 60 female recruits starting their boot camp training at the San Diego depot in February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-femalenow_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-femalenow-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By February 2021, both the San Diego and Parris Island depots had female drill instructors training female recruits.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 53 of the 60 recruits would successfully graduate from boot camp in April 2021 and become Marines.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Susan_Livingstone" title="Susan Livingstone">Susan Livingstone</a> served as the first female Acting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a> from January 24 to February 7 of 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Susanauto_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susanauto-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this is a civilian position, it is included in this article because the Secretary of the Navy is the civilian leader of the Marine Corps (and the Navy).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diversity_of_women_in_the_Marine_Corps">Diversity of women in the Marine Corps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Diversity of women in the Marine Corps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marine Commandant Gen. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Neller" title="Robert Neller">Robert Neller</a> said accessions of female <i>and</i> minority officers into the service reached 33 percent in the fiscal year of 2016, an increase of about ten percentage points from previous years.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, a 2016 study of enlisted recruits showed that in the Marine Corps, while nearly seventy percent of enlisted recruit females were white, this was followed by Hispanic women, who accounted for twenty percent.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2018, <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Mahlock" title="Lorna Mahlock">Col. Lorna M. Mahlock</a> became the first Black woman to be nominated as a Brigadier general (one star) in the United States Marine Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2022, she received her second star and became the first Black female Major General in the U.S. Marine Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-2star_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2star-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues_for_women_within_the_Corps">Issues for women within the Corps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Issues for women within the Corps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combat_exclusions_and_women_in_combat_(1993–present)"><span id="Combat_exclusions_and_women_in_combat_.281993.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Combat exclusions and women in combat (1993–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Combat exclusions and women in combat (1993–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 28, 1993, combat exclusion was lifted from aviation positions by <a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">Les Aspin</a>, permitting women to serve in almost any aviation capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1994, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> declared:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Service members are eligible to be assigned to all positions for which they are qualified, except that women shall be excluded from assignment to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>That policy also excluded women being assigned to certain organizations based upon proximity to direct combat or "collocation" as the policy specifically referred to it.<sup id="cite_ref-DOD_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOD-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Army, collocation occurs when "the position or unit routinely physically locates and remains with a military unit assigned a doctrinal mission to routinely engage in direct combat."<sup id="cite_ref-Army_regulation_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Army_regulation-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 <a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a> removed the military's ban on women serving in combat, overturning the 1994 rule. Panetta's decision gave the military services until January 2016 to seek special exceptions if they believed any positions must remain closed to women. The services had until May 2013 to draw up a plan for opening all units to women and until the end of 2015 to actually implement it.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Joseph Dunford</a>, the commandant of the Marine Corps, recommended that women be excluded from competing for certain front-line combat jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year a U.S. official confirmed that the Marine Corps had requested to keep some combat jobs open only to men.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in December 2015, Defense Secretary Ash Carter stated that starting in 2016 all combat jobs would open to women.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2016, Ash Carter approved final plans from military service branches and the U.S. Special Operations Command to open all combat jobs to women, and authorized the military to begin integrating female combat soldiers "right away."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2016, a female lance corporal in the Marines requested a lateral move into an infantry "military occupational specialty," making her the first female Marine to sign up for the infantry.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, there were several women breaking combat-related barriers in the Marine Corps. On the enlisted side, PFC Maria Daume, who was born in a Siberian prison and later adopted by Americans, became the first female Marine to join the infantry through the traditional entry-level training process.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the officer side, First Lt. Marina A. Hierl became the first woman to graduate from the infantry officer course of the Marine Corps,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Second Lt. Mariah Klenke became the first female officer to graduate from the Marines' Assault Amphibian Officer course.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexism_and_sexual_harassment">Sexism and sexual harassment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sexism and sexual harassment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Frontiero_v._Richardson" title="Frontiero v. Richardson">Frontiero v. Richardson</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_411" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 411">411</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/411/677/">677</a> (1973), was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_court_decisions_in_the_United_States" title="List of landmark court decisions in the United States">landmark</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> case<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which decided that benefits given by the military to the family of service members cannot be given out differently because of sex.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991 the <a href="/wiki/Tailhook_scandal" title="Tailhook scandal">Tailhook scandal</a> occurred, in which Marine Corps (and Navy) aviators were accused of sexually assaulting 83 women (and 7 men) at the Tailhook convention in Las Vegas.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2017 a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces_nude_photo_scandal" title="United States Armed Forces nude photo scandal">nude photo scandal</a> occurred;<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NBC_NCIS_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC_NCIS-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> initially it was reported that the scandal was contained to only the Marine Corps, but the scandal later involved the rest of the U.S. military.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scandal caused the Corps to ensue multiple investigations on over 80 Marine personnel, as well as addressing the culture of sexual harassment within the Marine Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2017 annual report on <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual assault in the United States military">sexual assault in the United States military</a>, there were 998 reported cases of sexual assault in the Marine Corps, up 14.9% from the year before. Pentagon officials said that the increased percentage was due to the greater awareness of administrative and legal options given to victims, giving them more confidence to speak out.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_policy">Sexual orientation and gender identity policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sexual orientation and gender identity policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Ask_Don%27t_Tell" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't Ask Don't Tell">Don't Ask Don't Tell</a>" policy was enacted in 1993, lesbians and bisexual women (and gay men and bisexual men) were banned from serving in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993 the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy was enacted, which mandated that the military could not ask service members about their sexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-Craig_A._Rimmerman_p._249_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craig_A._Rimmerman_p._249-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-'Don't_Ask,_Don't_Tell'_Turns_15_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'Don't_Ask,_Don't_Tell'_Turns_15-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, until the policy was ended in 2011 service members were still expelled from the military if they engaged in sexual conduct with a member of the same sex, stated that they were lesbian, gay, or bisexual, and/or married or attempted to marry someone of the same sex.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Military_Commander_&_the_Law_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Military_Commander_&_the_Law-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to scholars, since at least as early as 1960, <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10450" title="Executive Order 10450">Executive Order 10450</a> was applied to ban transgender individuals from serving in the United States military.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Transauto_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transauto-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 17, 1963, gender transitioned or transitioning individuals were officially prohibited from the United States military by Army Regulation 40-501. This policy reasoned transgender people were medically unqualified to serve because their mental state was considered unfit.<sup id="cite_ref-Transauto1_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transauto1-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, after <a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_United_States_military" title="Transgender personnel in the United States military">varying restrictions over the years</a>, there stopped being restrictions on people serving in the military due to their being transgender when President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> signed the "Executive Order on Enabling All Qualified Americans to Serve Their Country in Uniform" on January 25, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbc_biden_eo_repeal_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc_biden_eo_repeal-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biden_eo_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biden_eo-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Female_Marines_in_fiction">Female Marines in fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Female Marines in fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Yumi" title="Marine Corps Yumi">Marine Corps Yumi</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">webcomic</a> illustrated by Takeshi Nogami about the lives of four female Marines, based on the former Marine author Anastasia Moreno‘s experiences.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_military" title="Women in the military">Women in the military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Women%27s_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve">Women in the United States Marine Corps Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Army" title="Women in the United States Army">Women in the United States Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Navy" title="Women in the United States Navy">Women in the United States Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Women in the United States Air Force">Women in the United States Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Women in the United States Coast Guard">Women in the United States Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Women in the United States Space Force">Women in the United States Space Force</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Technically, the case was decided under the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process Clause</a>, not under the Equal Protection Clause of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a>, since the latter applies not to the federal government but to the states. However, because <i><a href="/wiki/Bolling_v._Sharpe" title="Bolling v. Sharpe">Bolling v. Sharpe</a></i>, through the doctrine of reverse <a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(Bill_of_Rights)" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporation (Bill of Rights)">incorporation</a>, made the standards of the Equal Protection Clause applicable to the federal government, it was for practical purposes an addition not to due process, but rather to equal protection jurisprudence.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-History-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHewitt1974" class="citation book cs1">Hewitt, Linda J. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/WomenMarinesInWorldWarI"><i>Women Marines In World War I (1974)</i></a>. United States Marine Corps History and Museums Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Marines+In+World+War+I+%281974%29&rft.pub=United+States+Marine+Corps+History+and+Museums+Division&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Linda+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FWomenMarinesInWorldWarI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-womenmarines1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-womenmarines1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-womenmarines1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150516164754/http://www.womenmarines.org/wm_history.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1">"Women Marines Association"</a>. Womenmarines.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenmarines.org/wm_history.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1">the original</a> on 2015-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+Marines+Association&rft.pub=Womenmarines.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenmarines.org%2Fwm_history.aspx%3FAspxAutoDetectCookieSupport%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedlicott1966" class="citation journal cs1">Medlicott, Alexander (December 1966). "The Legend of Lucy Brewer: An Early American Novel". <i>The New England Quarterly</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 461–473. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F363418">10.2307/363418</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/363418">363418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Legend+of+Lucy+Brewer%3A+An+Early+American+Novel&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=461-473&rft.date=1966-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F363418&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F363418%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Medlicott&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennington2003" class="citation book cs1">Pennington, Reina (2003). <i>Amazons to Fighter Pilots: A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women</i>. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313327076" title="Special:BookSources/0313327076"><bdi>0313327076</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazons+to+Fighter+Pilots%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Military+Women&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0313327076&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=Reina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedlicott1966466-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMedlicott1966466_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMedlicott1966466_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMedlicott1966">Medlicott 1966</a>, p. 466.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Century-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Century_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Century_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaxman2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Waxman, O.B. (August 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.a.ebscohost.com.manowar.tamucc.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=0e881706-bdab-45da-800e-978b0a2cb87f%40sdc-v-sessmgr05&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=131216329&db=a9h">"The First Woman Was Sworn Into the Marine Corps a Century Ago. Now a Group of Veterans Is Trying to Preserve Her Story"</a>. <i>Time</i> – via Ebscohost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+First+Woman+Was+Sworn+Into+the+Marine+Corps+a+Century+Ago.+Now+a+Group+of+Veterans+Is+Trying+to+Preserve+Her+Story&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft.aulast=Waxman&rft.aufirst=O.B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.a.ebscohost.com.manowar.tamucc.edu%2Fehost%2Fdetail%2Fdetail%3Fvid%3D4%26sid%3D0e881706-bdab-45da-800e-978b0a2cb87f%2540sdc-v-sessmgr05%26bdata%3DJnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl%23AN%3D131216329%26db%3Da9h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usmcpress.com/heritage/women_marines.htm">"Women Marines"</a>. Usmcpress.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+Marines&rft.pub=Usmcpress.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmcpress.com%2Fheritage%2Fwomen_marines.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-womensmemorial1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-womensmemorial1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-womensmemorial1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121228132136/http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html">"Women In Military Service For America Memorial"</a>. Womensmemorial.org. 1950-07-27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html">the original</a> on 2012-12-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+In+Military+Service+For+America+Memorial&rft.pub=Womensmemorial.org&rft.date=1950-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womensmemorial.org%2FEducation%2Ftimeline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gmu-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gmu_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gmu_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/rr/s01/cw/students/leeann/historyandcollections/history/lrnmrewwiimar.html">"Women in the US Military – WWII: Marine Corps Women's Reserve"</a>. Chnm.gmu.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+US+Military+%E2%80%93+WWII%3A+Marine+Corps+Women%27s+Reserve&rft.pub=Chnm.gmu.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchnm.gmu.edu%2Fcourses%2Frr%2Fs01%2Fcw%2Fstudents%2Fleeann%2Fhistoryandcollections%2Fhistory%2Flrnmrewwiimar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marines.com/videos/-/video-library/detail/video_marine_corps_womens_reserve">"Marine Corps Videos | Marine Corps Women's Reserve: 1943–1948"</a>. Marines.com. 1918-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Corps+Videos+%26%23124%3B+Marine+Corps+Women%27s+Reserve%3A+1943%E2%80%931948&rft.pub=Marines.com&rft.date=1918-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marines.com%2Fvideos%2F-%2Fvideo-library%2Fdetail%2Fvideo_marine_corps_womens_reserve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stremlow, Colonel Mary V., USMCR (Ret). "Free A Marine to Fight" (PDF). Pg. 37. Women Marines in World War II. Marine Corps Historical Center.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stremlow, Colonel Mary V., USMCR (Ret). "Free A Marine to Fight" (PDF). Pg. 39. Women Marines in World War II. Marine Corps Historical Center.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Soderbergh, Peter, A. (1992). <i>Women Marines: The World War II Era</i>. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. pg. 147. ISBN 0-275-94131-0.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edwards2006-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edwards2006_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_M._Edwards2006" class="citation book cs1">Paul M. Edwards (1 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xA34hGXAjlIC&pg=PA53"><i>The Korean War</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 53–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33248-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33248-7"><bdi>978-0-313-33248-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Korean+War&rft.pages=53-&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33248-7&rft.au=Paul+M.+Edwards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxA34hGXAjlIC%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmcu.edu/Research/Marine-Corps-History-Division/People/Women-in-the-Marine-Corps/">"Marine Corps University > Research > Marine Corps History Division > People > Women in the Marine Corps"</a>. <i>www.usmcu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usmcu.edu&rft.atitle=Marine+Corps+University+%3E+Research+%3E+Marine+Corps+History+Division+%3E+People+%3E+Women+in+the+Marine+Corps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmcu.edu%2FResearch%2FMarine-Corps-History-Division%2FPeople%2FWomen-in-the-Marine-Corps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920032806/http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/diduknow.html">"Did you know...?"</a>. Womensmemorial.org; Women In Military Service For America Memorial Foundation's website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/diduknow.html">the original</a> on 2015-09-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+you+know...%3F&rft.pub=Womensmemorial.org%3B+Women+In+Military+Service+For+America+Memorial+Foundation%27s+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womensmemorial.org%2FEducation%2Fdiduknow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usmc-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usmc_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usmc_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509071123/http://www.mcu.usmc.mil/historydivision/pages/frequently_requested/Women.aspx">"Women in the Marine Corps"</a>. Mcu.usmc.mil. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcu.usmc.mil/historydivision/pages/frequently_requested/Women.aspx">the original</a> on 2016-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+Marine+Corps&rft.pub=Mcu.usmc.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcu.usmc.mil%2Fhistorydivision%2Fpages%2Ffrequently_requested%2FWomen.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203154121/http://honoringmarinveterans.org/category/operation-desert-shield-1990-1991/">"Operation Desert Shield (1990–1991) – Honoring Our Marin Veterans"</a>. <i>honoringmarinveterans.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://honoringmarinveterans.org/category/operation-desert-shield-1990-1991/">the original</a> on 2020-02-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=honoringmarinveterans.org&rft.atitle=Operation+Desert+Shield+%281990%E2%80%931991%29+%E2%80%93+Honoring+Our+Marin+Veterans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhonoringmarinveterans.org%2Fcategory%2Foperation-desert-shield-1990-1991%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190909013506/http://www.dodlive.mil/2016/01/15/6-things-to-know-about-operation-desert-storm/">"6 Things to Know About Operation Desert Storm – DoDLive"</a>. <i>www.dodlive.mil</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dodlive.mil/2016/01/15/6-things-to-know-about-operation-desert-storm/">the original</a> on 2019-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dodlive.mil&rft.atitle=6+Things+to+Know+About+Operation+Desert+Storm+%E2%80%93+DoDLive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dodlive.mil%2F2016%2F01%2F15%2F6-things-to-know-about-operation-desert-storm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2011" class="citation web cs1">Wong, Kristina (2011-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/iraq-female-marines-back-attack/story?id=15186478">"Female Marines Rebuilt Lives After Iraq Attack – ABC News"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Female+Marines+Rebuilt+Lives+After+Iraq+Attack+%E2%80%93+ABC+News&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Kristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Firaq-female-marines-back-attack%2Fstory%3Fid%3D15186478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-withdrawal-idUSTRE7BH03320111218">"Last U.S. troops leave Iraq, ending war – Reuters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 2011-12-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Last+U.S.+troops+leave+Iraq%2C+ending+war+%E2%80%93+Reuters&rft.date=2011-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-withdrawal-idUSTRE7BH03320111218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2017" class="citation web cs1">Hughes, Zachariah (September 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alaskapublic.org/2017/09/25/alaska-national-guard-members-deploying-to-fight-isis/">"Alaska National Guard members deploying to fight ISIS"</a>. Alaska Public Media.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alaska+National+Guard+members+deploying+to+fight+ISIS&rft.pub=Alaska+Public+Media&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Zachariah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alaskapublic.org%2F2017%2F09%2F25%2Falaska-national-guard-members-deploying-to-fight-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Taylor" class="citation web cs1">Alan Taylor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2013/09/the-women-of-the-afghanistan-war/100585/">"The Women of the Afghanistan War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Women+of+the+Afghanistan+War&rft.pub=The+Atlantic&rft.au=Alan+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fphoto%2F2013%2F09%2Fthe-women-of-the-afghanistan-war%2F100585%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dvidshub.net/news/236642/baking-breaking-bread-spmagtf-food-service-marine-teaches-valuable-skills-iraqi-soldiers">"Baking, Breaking Bread: SPMAGTF Food Service Marine teaches valuable skills to Iraqi Soldiers"</a>. <i>DVIDS</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DVIDS&rft.atitle=Baking%2C+Breaking+Bread%3A+SPMAGTF+Food+Service+Marine+teaches+valuable+skills+to+Iraqi+Soldiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvidshub.net%2Fnews%2F236642%2Fbaking-breaking-bread-spmagtf-food-service-marine-teaches-valuable-skills-iraqi-soldiers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aljazeera.com-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aljazeera.com_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/9/iraq-official-says-us-combat-mission-in-the-country-has-ended">"US-led combat mission in Iraq ends, shifting to advisory role"</a>. <i>aljazeera.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=US-led+combat+mission+in+Iraq+ends%2C+shifting+to+advisory+role&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F12%2F9%2Firaq-official-says-us-combat-mission-in-the-country-has-ended&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters.com-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters.com_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraq-security-adviser-says-international-coalition-ends-combat-mission-no-us-2021-12-09/">"U.S.-led troops end Iraq combat mission, as planned - military officials"</a>. <i>reuters.com</i>. 9 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=reuters.com&rft.atitle=U.S.-led+troops+end+Iraq+combat+mission%2C+as+planned+-+military+officials&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Firaq-security-adviser-says-international-coalition-ends-combat-mission-no-us-2021-12-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LastFlight-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LastFlight_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaouetteHanslerStarrLiebermann2021" class="citation web cs1">Gaouette, Nicole; Hansler, Jennifer; Starr, Barbara; Liebermann, Oren (31 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/30/politics/us-military-withdraws-afghanistan/index.html">"The last US military planes have left Afghanistan, marking the end of the United States' longest war"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+last+US+military+planes+have+left+Afghanistan%2C+marking+the+end+of+the+United+States%27+longest+war&rft.date=2021-08-31&rft.aulast=Gaouette&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.au=Hansler%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=Starr%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Liebermann%2C+Oren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F08%2F30%2Fpolitics%2Fus-military-withdraws-afghanistan%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2020-demographics-report.pdf">"2020 Demographics Profile of the Military Community"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Military One Source</i>. Department of Defense (DoD), Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy (ODASD (MC&FP)). 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+One+Source&rft.atitle=2020+Demographics+Profile+of+the+Military+Community&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownload.militaryonesource.mil%2F12038%2FMOS%2FReports%2F2020-demographics-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/244966">"United States Marine Corps Nomination of Colonel Margaret A. Brewer for the Rank of Brigadier General"</a>. <i>The American Presidency Project</i>. John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters, Santa Barbara, CA: University of California (hosted), Gerhard Peters (database). April 6, 1978<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=United+States+Marine+Corps+Nomination+of+Colonel+Margaret+A.+Brewer+for+the+Rank+of+Brigadier+General&rft.date=1978-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fnode%2F244966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-femalenow-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-femalenow_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-femalenow_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkins2020" class="citation news cs1">Harkins, Gina (December 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/12/14/female-recruits-train-marines-all-male-san-diego-boot-camp-historic-first.html">"Female Recruits to Train at Marines' All-Male San Diego Boot Camp in Historic First"</a>. Military.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Female+Recruits+to+Train+at+Marines%27+All-Male+San+Diego+Boot+Camp+in+Historic+First&rft.date=2020-12-14&rft.aulast=Harkins&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2020%2F12%2F14%2Ffemale-recruits-train-marines-all-male-san-diego-boot-camp-historic-first.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkins2021" class="citation web cs1">Harkins, Gina (February 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/02/10/female-marine-recruits-arrive-san-diego-boot-camp-historic-coed-training.html">"Female Marine Recruits Arrive at San Diego Boot Camp for Historic Coed Training"</a>. Military.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Female+Marine+Recruits+Arrive+at+San+Diego+Boot+Camp+for+Historic+Coed+Training&rft.pub=Military.com&rft.date=2021-02-10&rft.aulast=Harkins&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2021%2F02%2F10%2Ffemale-marine-recruits-arrive-san-diego-boot-camp-historic-coed-training.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaso2021" class="citation news cs1">Naso, Bridget (February 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/first-company-of-women-marine-recruits-begin-boot-camp-at-mcrd-a-first-for-west-coast/2517224/">"First Company of Women Marine Recruits Begin Boot Camp at MCRD, a First for West Coast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KNSD" title="KNSD">NBC 7 San Diego</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=First+Company+of+Women+Marine+Recruits+Begin+Boot+Camp+at+MCRD%2C+a+First+for+West+Coast&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft.aulast=Naso&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcsandiego.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Ffirst-company-of-women-marine-recruits-begin-boot-camp-at-mcrd-a-first-for-west-coast%2F2517224%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgeraldStump2021" class="citation news cs1">Fitzgerald, Meagan; Stump, Scott (March 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/news/female-marine-recruits-are-first-go-through-boot-camp-alongside-t210579">"Meet the Marines' 1st female recruits to train alongside men at boot camp"</a>. Today<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Meet+the+Marines%27+1st+female+recruits+to+train+alongside+men+at+boot+camp&rft.date=2021-03-03&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Meagan&rft.au=Stump%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fnews%2Ffemale-marine-recruits-are-first-go-through-boot-camp-alongside-t210579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2021" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Steve (February 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kpbs.org/news/2021/feb/10/female-marines-begin-their-historic-first-day-boot/">"Female Marines Begin Historic West Coast Boot Camp In San Diego"</a>. KPBS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Female+Marines+Begin+Historic+West+Coast+Boot+Camp+In+San+Diego&rft.date=2021-02-10&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kpbs.org%2Fnews%2F2021%2Ffeb%2F10%2Ffemale-marines-begin-their-historic-first-day-boot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkins2021" class="citation news cs1">Harkins, Gina (April 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/04/22/53-women-officially-become-marines-formerly-all-male-boot-camp.html">"53 Women Officially Become Marines at Formerly All-Male Boot Camp"</a>. Military.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=53+Women+Officially+Become+Marines+at+Formerly+All-Male+Boot+Camp&rft.date=2021-04-23&rft.aulast=Harkins&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2021%2F04%2F22%2F53-women-officially-become-marines-formerly-all-male-boot-camp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamczyk2021" class="citation news cs1">Adamczyk, Ed (April 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2021/04/23/Marines-femal-e-bootcamp-SanDiego/7321619196164/">"First female recruits complete San Diego Marine boot camp"</a>. UPI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=First+female+recruits+complete+San+Diego+Marine+boot+camp&rft.date=2021-04-23&rft.aulast=Adamczyk&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FDefense-News%2F2021%2F04%2F23%2FMarines-femal-e-bootcamp-SanDiego%2F7321619196164%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Susanauto-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Susanauto_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.navy.mil/news-and-events/news/2021/susan-morrisey-livingstone--first-female-acting-secretary-of-the.html#:~:text=Susan%20Morrisey%20Livingstone%20was%20the,bases%20every%20couple%20of%20years">"Susan Morrisey Livingstone, First Female Acting Secretary of the Navy"</a>. <i>www.history.navy.mil</i>. 2021-02-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.history.navy.mil&rft.atitle=Susan+Morrisey+Livingstone%2C+First+Female+Acting+Secretary+of+the+Navy&rft.date=2021-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2F2021%2Fsusan-morrisey-livingstone--first-female-acting-secretary-of-the.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DSusan%2520Morrisey%2520Livingstone%2520was%2520the%2Cbases%2520every%2520couple%2520of%2520years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pilotonline.com/2016/10/10/secretary-of-the-navy-mabus-to-speak-to-norfolk-business-community/">"Secretary of the Navy Mabus to speak to Norfolk business community"</a>. October 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secretary+of+the+Navy+Mabus+to+speak+to+Norfolk+business+community&rft.date=2016-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pilotonline.com%2F2016%2F10%2F10%2Fsecretary-of-the-navy-mabus-to-speak-to-norfolk-business-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeck2017" class="citation web cs1">Seck, Hope Hodge (31 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/02/22/more-female-minority-officers-join-marine-corps-diversity.html">"More Female, Minority Officers Join as Marine Corps Stresses Diversity"</a>. <i>Military.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military.com&rft.atitle=More+Female%2C+Minority+Officers+Join+as+Marine+Corps+Stresses+Diversity&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft.aulast=Seck&rft.aufirst=Hope+Hodge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2017%2F02%2F22%2Fmore-female-minority-officers-join-marine-corps-diversity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/article/demographics-us-military">"Demographics of the U.S. Military"</a>. <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=Demographics+of+the+U.S.+Military&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Farticle%2Fdemographics-us-military&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/marine-corps-selects-1st-black-woman-general-officer/story?id=54397971">"Marine Corps selects 1st black woman to be a general officer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Corps+selects+1st+black+woman+to+be+a+general+officer&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fmarine-corps-selects-1st-black-woman-general-officer%2Fstory%3Fid%3D54397971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2star-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2star_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2022/12/16/for-the-1st-time-a-black-female-marine-is-set-to-be-a-2-star-general/">"For the 1st time, a Black female Marine is set to be a 2-star general"</a>. Marine Corps Times. 16 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+the+1st+time%2C+a+Black+female+Marine+is+set+to+be+a+2-star+general&rft.pub=Marine+Corps+Times&rft.date=2022-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinecorpstimes.com%2Fnews%2Fyour-marine-corps%2F2022%2F12%2F16%2Ffor-the-1st-time-a-black-female-marine-is-set-to-be-a-2-star-general%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLohrenz2013" class="citation news cs1">Lohrenz, Carey D. (2013-01-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nation.time.com/2013/01/30/time-for-some-fearless-leadership/">"Time for Some Fearless Leadership"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Time+for+Some+Fearless+Leadership&rft.date=2013-01-30&rft.aulast=Lohrenz&rft.aufirst=Carey+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnation.time.com%2F2013%2F01%2F30%2Ftime-for-some-fearless-leadership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/21/opinion/21iht-edbroadwell.html">New York Times</a> – October 11, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOD-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DOD_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/national_security_veterans_affairs/military_personnel_and_expenditures.html">"Department of Defense active duty military personnel by rank/grade"</a>. Department of Defense<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Defense+active+duty+military+personnel+by+rank%2Fgrade&rft.pub=Department+of+Defense&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcompendia%2Fstatab%2Fcats%2Fnational_security_veterans_affairs%2Fmilitary_personnel_and_expenditures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Army_regulation-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Army_regulation_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmy_Regulation1992" class="citation journal cs1">Army Regulation (27 March 1992). "Army Regulation 600-13, Army Policy For The Assignment of Female Soldiers". <i>Department of the Army</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Department+of+the+Army&rft.atitle=Army+Regulation+600-13%2C+Army+Policy+For+The+Assignment+of+Female+Soldiers.&rft.date=1992-03-27&rft.au=Army+Regulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/23/women-in-combat_n_2535954.html">"Women In Combat Ban Removed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i>. 23 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Women+In+Combat+Ban+Removed&rft.date=2013-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F01%2F23%2Fwomen-in-combat_n_2535954.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/panetta-to-lift-ban-on-women-in-combat/">"Panetta to lift ban on women in combat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. 2013-06-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Panetta+to+lift+ban+on+women+in+combat&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpanetta-to-lift-ban-on-women-in-combat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLolita_C._Baldor" class="citation web cs1">Lolita C. Baldor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100148/http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/national_world/2015/09/19/women-not-right-for-all-combat-roles-marines-say.html">"Women not right for all combat roles, Marines say | The Columbus Dispatch"</a>. Dispatch.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/national_world/2015/09/19/women-not-right-for-all-combat-roles-marines-say.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+not+right+for+all+combat+roles%2C+Marines+say+%26%23124%3B+The+Columbus+Dispatch&rft.pub=Dispatch.com&rft.au=Lolita+C.+Baldor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dispatch.com%2Fcontent%2Fstories%2Fnational_world%2F2015%2F09%2F19%2Fwomen-not-right-for-all-combat-roles-marines-say.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorbati2015" class="citation web cs1">Torbati, Yeganeh (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-military-women-idUSKCN0RV3AM20151001">"U.S. military chiefs to report on opening combat roles to women"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+military+chiefs+to+report+on+opening+combat+roles+to+women&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Torbati&rft.aufirst=Yeganeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-military-women-idUSKCN0RV3AM20151001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Miklaszewski2015" class="citation web cs1">Jim Miklaszewski (3 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/pentagon-nbc-news-all-combat-roles-now-open-women-n473581">"All Combat Roles Now Open to Women"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=All+Combat+Roles+Now+Open+to+Women&rft.date=2015-12-03&rft.au=Jim+Miklaszewski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fpentagon-nbc-news-all-combat-roles-now-open-women-n473581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/11/ash-carter-approves-final-strategy-women-military-/">"Ashton Carter approves final strategy for women in military combat roles"</a>. <i>The Washington Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Ashton+Carter+approves+final+strategy+for+women+in+military+combat+roles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2Fmar%2F11%2Fash-carter-approves-final-strategy-women-military-%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scout.com/military/warrior/story/1662017-first-female-marine-signs-up-for-infantry">"First Female Marine Signs Up For Infantry"</a>. <i>Scout.com</i>. 18 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scout.com&rft.atitle=First+Female+Marine+Signs+Up+For+Infantry&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scout.com%2Fmilitary%2Fwarrior%2Fstory%2F1662017-first-female-marine-signs-up-for-infantry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabb2017" class="citation web cs1">Babb, Carla (23 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/a/female-marine-trailblazer-graduates-from-infantry-school/3779372.html">"Female Marine Trailblazer Graduates From Infantry School"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Female+Marine+Trailblazer+Graduates+From+Infantry+School&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft.aulast=Babb&rft.aufirst=Carla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Ffemale-marine-trailblazer-graduates-from-infantry-school%2F3779372.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/09/us/politics/marines-women-combat-platoon.html">"The Marines Didn't Think Women Belonged in the Infantry. She's Proving Them Wrong"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Marines+Didn%27t+Think+Women+Belonged+in+the+Infantry.+She%27s+Proving+Them+Wrong.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F08%2F09%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fmarines-women-combat-platoon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/female-marines-continue-make-history-100-years-allowed/story?id=57133753">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'She's one of us': Lieutenant becomes 1st female Marine combat platoon commander"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27She%27s+one+of+us%27%3A+Lieutenant+becomes+1st+female+Marine+combat+platoon+commander&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Ffemale-marines-continue-make-history-100-years-allowed%2Fstory%3Fid%3D57133753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/defense/352243-marines-congratulate-first-female-infantry-officer-graduate/">"Marines congratulate first female infantry officer graduate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>. 25 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Marines+congratulate+first+female+infantry+officer+graduate&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fdefense%2F352243-marines-congratulate-first-female-infantry-officer-graduate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLederman" class="citation web cs1">Lederman, Josh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/10/03/meet-marines-first-female-aav-officer.html">"Meet the Marines' First Female AAV Officer"</a>. Military.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+Marines%27+First+Female+AAV+Officer&rft.pub=Military.com&rft.aulast=Lederman&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2017%2F10%2F03%2Fmeet-marines-first-female-aav-officer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1694">"Frontiero v. Richardson | The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law"</a>. Oyez.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frontiero+v.+Richardson+%26%23124%3B+The+Oyez+Project+at+IIT+Chicago-Kent+College+of+Law&rft.pub=Oyez.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oyez.org%2Fcases%2F1970-1979%2F1972%2F1972_71_1694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShalal2012" class="citation news cs1">Shalal, Andrea (2012-09-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-marines-sexualassault-idUSBRE88913O20120910">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Tailhook' cleaned up, but top Marine sees more work to stop sex assaults"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Tailhook%27+cleaned+up%2C+but+top+Marine+sees+more+work+to+stop+sex+assaults&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.aulast=Shalal&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-marines-sexualassault-idUSBRE88913O20120910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell2017" class="citation web cs1">Chappell, Bill (March 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/06/518767235/sharing-of-nude-photos-of-female-marines-prompts-pentagon-investigation">"Sharing Of Nude Photos Of Female Marines Online Prompts Pentagon Investigation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Sharing+Of+Nude+Photos+Of+Female+Marines+Online+Prompts+Pentagon+Investigation&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2017%2F03%2F06%2F518767235%2Fsharing-of-nude-photos-of-female-marines-prompts-pentagon-investigation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NBC_NCIS-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NBC_NCIS_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/nude-photo-posts-female-marines-being-investigated-ncis-n729541">"Nude Photo Posts of Female Marines Being Investigated by NCIS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. Washington: <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. March 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Nude+Photo+Posts+of+Female+Marines+Being+Investigated+by+NCIS&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fnude-photo-posts-female-marines-being-investigated-ncis-n729541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzoldra2017" class="citation web cs1">Szoldra, Paul (March 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nude-photo-marine-corps-pentagon-scandal-2017-3">"The Marine Corps' nude-photo-sharing scandal is even worse than first realized"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+Marine+Corps%27+nude-photo-sharing+scandal+is+even+worse+than+first+realized&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft.aulast=Szoldra&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fnude-photo-marine-corps-pentagon-scandal-2017-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39227547">"US military nude photo sharing scandal widens beyond Marines"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. March 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+military+nude+photo+sharing+scandal+widens+beyond+Marines&rft.date=2017-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-39227547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/marine-sentenced-after-pleading-guilty-nude-photo-scandal-n781791">"Marine sentenced to 10 days in "confinement" in 'Marines United' scandal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. 11 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Marine+sentenced+to+10+days+in+%22confinement%22+in+%27Marines+United%27+scandal&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fmarine-sentenced-after-pleading-guilty-nude-photo-scandal-n781791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopp2018" class="citation web cs1">Copp, Tara (2018-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2018/04/30/dod-marines-had-highest-increase-in-reports-of-sexual-assaults/">"The Marine Corps had the highest increase in sexual assault reports among the services"</a>. <i>Military Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Times&rft.atitle=The+Marine+Corps+had+the+highest+increase+in+sexual+assault+reports+among+the+services&rft.date=2018-04-30&rft.aulast=Copp&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fnews%2Fyour-military%2F2018%2F04%2F30%2Fdod-marines-had-highest-increase-in-reports-of-sexual-assaults%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Hoffman2003" class="citation web cs1">Elizabeth Hoffman (2003-03-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prezi.com/ytivn4zvwnrv/military-service-should-be-based-on-conduct-not-sexual-orie/">"Military Service Should Be Based On Conduct, Not Sexual Orientation"</a>. prezi.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Military+Service+Should+Be+Based+On+Conduct%2C+Not+Sexual+Orientation&rft.pub=prezi.com&rft.date=2003-03-28&rft.au=Elizabeth+Hoffman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprezi.com%2Fytivn4zvwnrv%2Fmilitary-service-should-be-based-on-conduct-not-sexual-orie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Craig_A._Rimmerman_p._249-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Craig_A._Rimmerman_p._249_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Craig A. Rimmerman <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Go9XsJ47GswC&pg=PA249">Gay rights, military wrongs: political perspectives on lesbians and gays in the military</a>, Garland Pub., 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0815325800" title="Special:BookSources/0815325800">0815325800</a> p. 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'Don't_Ask,_Don't_Tell'_Turns_15-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-'Don't_Ask,_Don't_Tell'_Turns_15_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, Mark. (2008-01-28) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131092438/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1707545,00.html">'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Turns 15</a>. TIME. Retrieved on 2010-11-30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Military_Commander_&_the_Law-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Military_Commander_&_the_Law_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard A. Gittins <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ENpnS9KApu8C&pg=PA215">The Military Commander & the Law</a>, DIANE Publishing, 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0788172603" title="Special:BookSources/0788172603">0788172603</a> p. 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/10450.html">"Executive Orders"</a>. <i>National Archives</i>. August 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=Executive+Orders&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Ffederal-register%2Fcodification%2Fexecutive-order%2F10450.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Transauto-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Transauto_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outserve-sldn.org/about-us/">"Our History"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190126221040/https://www.outserve-sldn.org/about-us/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outserve-sldn.org%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Transauto1-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Transauto1_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReadler,_Chad_A.Shumate,_Brett_A.Griffiths,_John_R.Coppolino,_Anthony_J.2017" class="citation web cs1">Readler, Chad A.; Shumate, Brett A.; Griffiths, John R.; Coppolino, Anthony J. (October 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nclrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Govt-Brief.pdf">"Defendants' Motion to Dismiss and Opposition to Plaintiffs' Application for a Preliminary Injunction, Civil Action No. 17-cv-1597 (CKK)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Center for Lesbian Rights. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171211053355/http://www.nclrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Govt-Brief.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defendants%27+Motion+to+Dismiss+and+Opposition+to+Plaintiffs%27+Application+for+a+Preliminary+Injunction%2C+Civil+Action+No.+17-cv-1597+%28CKK%29&rft.pub=National+Center+for+Lesbian+Rights&rft.date=2017-10-04&rft.au=Readler%2C+Chad+A.&rft.au=Shumate%2C+Brett+A.&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Coppolino%2C+Anthony+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nclrights.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F08%2FGovt-Brief.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnbc_biden_eo_repeal-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_biden_eo_repeal_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacias2021" class="citation news cs1">Macias, Andrea (January 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/25/biden-reverses-trumps-ban-on-transgender-people-enlisting-in-the-military.html">"Biden reverses Trump's ban on transgender people enlisting in the military"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126044819/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/25/biden-reverses-trumps-ban-on-transgender-people-enlisting-in-the-military.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biden+reverses+Trump%27s+ban+on+transgender+people+enlisting+in+the+military&rft.date=2021-01-25&rft.aulast=Macias&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F01%2F25%2Fbiden-reverses-trumps-ban-on-transgender-people-enlisting-in-the-military.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biden_eo-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-biden_eo_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiden2021" class="citation web cs1">Biden, Joe (January 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/25/executive-order-on-enabling-all-qualified-americans-to-serve-their-country-in-uniform/">"Executive Order on Enabling All Qualified Americans to Serve Their Country in Uniform"</a>. <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125184515/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/25/executive-order-on-enabling-all-qualified-americans-to-serve-their-country-in-uniform/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Order+on+Enabling+All+Qualified+Americans+to+Serve+Their+Country+in+Uniform&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=2021-01-25&rft.aulast=Biden&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Fpresidential-actions%2F2021%2F01%2F25%2Fexecutive-order-on-enabling-all-qualified-americans-to-serve-their-country-in-uniform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWomen+in+the+United+States+Marine+Corps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Women in the United States Marine Corps">Women in the United States Marine Corps</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Marine_Corps" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Marine_Corps_navbox" title="Template:US Marine Corps navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Marine_Corps_navbox" title="Template talk:US Marine Corps navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Marine_Corps_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Marine Corps navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Marine_Corps" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Under Secretary of the Navy">Under Secretary of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Commandant_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps">Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps">Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Secretary_to_the_Commandant_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Military Secretary to the Commandant of the Marine Corps">Military Secretary to the Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Marine Corps four-star generals">Marine Corps four-star generals</a></li> <li>Marine Corps three-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_lieutenant_generals_on_active_duty_before_1960" title="List of United States Marine Corps lieutenant generals on active duty before 1960">1942–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Marine Corps lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_lieutenant_generals_since_2010" title="List of United States Marine Corps lieutenant generals since 2010">2010–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="US_Congress" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">US Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Seapower_and_Projection_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces">Seapower and Projection Forces subcommittee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Seapower" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower">Seapower subcommittee</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Seal of the United States Marine Corps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/80px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/120px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/160px-Emblem_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <br /> commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Organization of the United States Marine Corps">Organization of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_Marine_Corps" title="Headquarters Marine Corps">Headquarters Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Forces_Command" title="United States Marine Corps Forces Command">Marine Forces Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/II_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" title="II Marine Expeditionary Force">II Marine Expeditionary Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Forces,_Pacific" title="United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific">Marine Forces Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" title="I Marine Expeditionary Force">I Marine Expeditionary Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" title="III Marine Expeditionary Force">III Marine Expeditionary Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">Marine Forces Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Marine_Force" title="Fleet Marine Force">Fleet Marine Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Marine_Force,_Atlantic" title="Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Marine_Force,_Pacific" title="Fleet Marine Force, Pacific">Pacific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Combat_Development_Command" title="Marine Corps Combat Development Command">Marine Corps Combat Development Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Training_and_Education_Command" title="United States Marine Corps Training and Education Command">Training & Education Command</a> (TECOM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Warfighting_Laboratory" title="United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory">United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Systems_Command" title="Marine Corps Systems Command">Marine Corps Systems Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Auxiliary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Cyber_Auxiliary" title="Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary">Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Air-Ground_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Air-Ground Task Force">Marine Air-Ground Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_installations" title="List of United States Marine Corps installations">Bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_battalions" title="List of United States Marine Corps battalions">Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_regiments" title="List of United States Marine Corps regiments">Regiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_brigades" title="List of United States Marine Corps brigades">Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_divisions" title="List of United States Marine Corps divisions">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Organization of the United States Marine Corps">MEF/Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Aviation" title="United States Marine Corps Aviation">Marine aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_expeditionary_unit" title="Marine expeditionary unit">Marine expeditionary unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Security_Guard" title="Marine Security Guard">Marine Security Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Forces_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Marine Forces Special Operations Command">Special Operations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Raiders" title="Marine Raiders">Marine Raiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Raider_Regiment" title="Marine Raider Regiment">Marine Raider Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Air-Ground_Task_Force_Reconnaissance" title="United States Marine Air-Ground Task Force Reconnaissance">Recon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Force_Reconnaissance" title="United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance">Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reconnaissance_Battalions" title="United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions">Division</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel<br />and training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">Rank insignia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_MOS" title="List of United States Marine Corps MOS">MOS</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marines" title="List of United States Marines">Notable Marines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_United_States_Marines" title="List of historic United States Marines">Historical Marines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_astronauts" title="List of United States Marine Corps astronauts">Marine Astronauts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division">Criminal Investigation Division</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Judge_Advocate_Division" title="United States Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division">Judge Advocate Division</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps">Chaplain of the Marine Corps</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_associated_with_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:Organizations associated with the United States Marine Corps">Associated organizations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Recruit_Training" title="United States Marine Corps Recruit Training">Recruit Training</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_School_of_Infantry" title="United States Marine Corps School of Infantry">School of Infantry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidates_School_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps)">Officer Candidates School</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Basic_School" title="The Basic School">The Basic School</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Martial_Arts_Program" title="Marine Corps Martial Arts Program">Martial Arts Program</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms<br />and equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Navy">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Badges of the United States Marine Corps">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of weapons of the United States Marine Corps">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicles_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of vehicles of the United States Marine Corps">Vehicles and aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_individual_equipment" title="List of United States Marine Corps individual equipment">Individual equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History<br />and traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="History of the United States Marine Corps">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Culture of the United States Marine Corps">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_acronyms_and_expressions" title="List of United States Marine Corps acronyms and expressions">Acronyms and terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_birthday" title="United States Marine Corps birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Sergeant_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Color Sergeant of the Marine Corps">Color Sergeant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Globe,_and_Anchor" title="Eagle, Globe, and Anchor">Eagle, Globe, and Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Flag of the United States Marine Corps">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Band" title="United States Marine Band">Marine Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Drum_and_Bugle_Corps" title="United States Marine Drum and Bugle Corps">Drum and Bugle Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Marines" title="Horse Marines">Horse Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_One" title="Marine One">Marine One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Color_Guard" title="United States Marine Corps Color Guard">Color Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Silent_Drill_Platoon" title="United States Marine Corps Silent Drill Platoon">Silent Drill Platoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" title="White House Military Office">White House Sentries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Service number (United States Marine Corps)">Service Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial" title="Marine Corps War Memorial">Marine Corps War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Detachment" title="Marine Detachment">Marine Detachments</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Marines%27_Hymn" title="Marines' Hymn">Marines' Hymn</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorah" title="Oorah">Oorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="National Museum of the Marine Corps">National Museum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima" title="Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima">Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman%27s_Creed" title="Rifleman's Creed">Rifleman's Creed</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semper_fidelis" title="Semper fidelis">Semper Fidelis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semper_Fidelis_(march)" title="Semper Fidelis (march)">march</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps">History of Hispanics in the USMC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History of women in the USMC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Women%27s_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve">Women's Reserve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Marine" title="Honorary Marine">Honorary Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toys_for_Tots" title="Toys for Tots">Toys for Tots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gung_ho" title="Gung ho">Gung ho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:United States Marine Corps">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Women_in_the_United_States_government_and_military" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Women_in_U.S._Government" title="Template:Women in U.S. Government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Women_in_U.S._Government" title="Template talk:Women in U.S. Government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Women_in_U.S._Government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Women in U.S. Government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Women_in_the_United_States_government_and_military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in the United States government">Women in the United States government</a> and military</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of female United States Cabinet members">Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_United_States_presidential_and_vice_presidential_candidates" title="List of female United States presidential and vice presidential candidates">Presidential and vice presidential candidates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Women in the United States Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Caucus_for_Women%27s_Issues" title="Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues">Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Caucus_on_Black_Women_and_Girls" title="Congressional Caucus on Black Women and Girls">Congressional Caucus on Black Women and Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_senior_women_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of most senior women in the United States Congress">List of most senior women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judiciary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_judiciary" title="Women in the United States judiciary">Judges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State and local government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Constitutional officers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_governors_in_the_United_States" title="List of female governors in the United States">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_lieutenant_governors_in_the_United_States" title="List of female lieutenant governors in the United States">Lieutenant governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_state_supreme_court_justices" title="List of female state supreme court justices">Supreme court justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_state_attorneys_general_in_the_United_States" title="List of female state attorneys general in the United States">Attorneys-general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_state_secretaries_of_state_in_the_United_States" title="List of female state secretaries of state in the United States">Secretaries of state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_speakers_of_legislatures_in_the_United_States" title="List of female speakers of legislatures in the United States">Speakers and upper house presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_state_legislators_in_the_United_States" title="Female state legislators in the United States">State legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_women_mayors_in_the_United_States" title="List of first women mayors in the United States">First women mayors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_United_States_military_generals_and_flag_officers" title="List of female United States military generals and flag officers">Generals and flag officers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Army" title="Women in the United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Navy" title="Women in the United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Women in the United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Women in the United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Women in the United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_in_war_in_the_United_States,_Pre-1945" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of women in war in the United States, Pre-1945">pre-1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_American_women_in_war_and_the_U.S._military_from_1945_to_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of American women in war and the U.S. military from 1945 to 1999">1945–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_in_warfare_and_the_military_in_the_United_States,_2000%E2%80%932010" title="Timeline of women in warfare and the military in the United States, 2000–2010">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_in_warfare_and_the_military_in_the_United_States_from_2011%E2%80%93present" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of women in warfare and the military in the United States from 2011–present">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_gentlemen_in_the_United_States" title="List of first gentlemen in the United States">First gentlemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&oldid=1257965675">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&oldid=1257965675</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:History of the United States Marine Corps">History of the United States Marine Corps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Category:Women in the United States Marine Corps">Women in the United States Marine Corps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_in_the_United_States_military" title="Category:Women in the United States military">Women in the United States military</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 12:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-qwcwq","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.905","walltime":"1.028","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4241,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":182826,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2352,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":261809,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 905.433 1 -total"," 58.77% 532.161 2 Template:Reflist"," 28.47% 257.802 48 Template:Cite_web"," 11.26% 101.907 1 Template:US_Marine_Corps_navbox"," 11.15% 100.977 3 Template:Military_navigation"," 10.77% 97.532 3 Template:Cite_book"," 8.23% 74.519 2 Template:Sfn"," 8.04% 72.794 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.62% 69.026 13 Template:Cite_news"," 4.98% 45.097 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.578","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6661828,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdamczyk2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlan_Taylor\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArmy_Regulation1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBabb2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiden2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChappell2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCopp2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElizabeth_Hoffman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgeraldStump2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaouetteHanslerStarrLiebermann2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarkins2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarkins2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHewitt1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJim_Miklaszewski2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLederman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLohrenz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLolita_C._Baldor\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacias2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMedlicott1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaso2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_M._Edwards2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPennington2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReadler,_Chad_A.Shumate,_Brett_A.Griffiths,_John_R.Coppolino,_Anthony_J.2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeck2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShalal2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSzoldra2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTorbati2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaxman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2011\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 48,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"US Marine Corps navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Ussc\"] = 1,\n [\"Women in U.S. Government\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-jgdlt","timestamp":"20241126162356","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Women in the United States Marine Corps","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q21070456","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q21070456","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-08-11T18:00:30Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T12:22:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3d\/Marine_officer_candidate_Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico_2019.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>