MAGiC | ESS

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</div> <main class="site-content" role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-content"> <div class="node node--type-instrument node--view-mode-full"> <div class="instrument"> <header class="instrument__header container"> <div class="instrument__header-row row"> <nav class="breadcrumbs" role="navigation" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <a class="breadcrumb__item" href="/">Home</a> <a class="breadcrumb__item" href="/science-instruments">Science & Instruments</a> <a class="breadcrumb__item" href="/instruments">Instruments</a> <a class="breadcrumb__item breadcrumb__item--current breadcrumb__item--disabled">MAGiC</a> </nav> <div class="instrument__dropdowns"><div class="dropdown"> <button class="button button--dropdown dropdown-toggle" id="instrument-dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown">Select instrument</button> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a href="/instruments/beer" class="dropdown-item">BEER</a> <a href="/instruments/bifrost" class="dropdown-item">BIFROST</a> <a 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href="/science-using-neutrons/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena" class="dropdown-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic & Electronic Phenomena</a> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/engineering-materials-geosciences-archeology-heritage-conservation" class="dropdown-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Engineering Materials, Geosciences, Archeology & Heritage Conservation and Fast Neutron Applications</a> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/life-science-soft-condensed-matter" class="dropdown-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40">Life Science & Soft Condensed Matter</a> <a href="/science-using-neutrons/particle-physics" class="dropdown-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300">Particle Physics</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="instrument__header-wrapper col-12"> <div class="instrument__header-left"> <h1>MAGiC</h1> <h3>Magnetism Single-Crystal Diffractometer</h3> <div><p>MAGiC is a polarized time-of-flight single-crystal diffractometer dedicated to the study of magnetic properties in both applied and purely fundamental systems. Its development and construction are supported by a French/German/Swiss consortium, relying on a mesh of unique and complementary technical and scientific expertise.</p> <p>MAGiC has been designed with polarization in mind and will deliver a permanently polarized neutron flux on both the cold (2-6 Å) and thermal (0.6-2.3 Å) spectra across a wavelength band of 1.7 Å at the sample, positioned 160 m from the ESS target. State-of-the-art neutron optics and choppers technology, combined with the latest developments in the field of solid-state super-mirrors polarization analysis, will offer to the end users the brightest polarized beam (4x10<sup>9</sup> n/s/cm<sup>2</sup>) on a flexible instrument, expanding the horizon of neutron diffraction towards low volume samples and quantum magnets.</p> </div> <div class="instrument__header-info"> <div class="instrument__info-item"> <h4 class="instrument__info-label">Instrument Class</h4> <div class="instrument__info-divider"></div> <div class="instrument__info-body">Diffraction</div> </div> <div class="instrument__info-item"> <h4 class="instrument__info-label">Beam Port</h4> <div class="instrument__info-divider"></div> <div class="instrument__info-body">W6</div> </div> <div class="instrument__info-item"> <h4 class="instrument__info-label">Lead Scientist</h4> <div class="instrument__info-divider"></div> <div class="instrument__info-body">X. Fabrèges</div> </div> <div class="instrument__info-item"> <h4 class="instrument__info-label">Lead Engineer</h4> <div class="instrument__info-divider"></div> <div class="instrument__info-body">S. Klimko</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="instrument__header-right"> <div class="instrument__map"> <img class="image" src="/sites/default/files/images/instruments/2023-12/MAGIC%20copy.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> <div class="partners"> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" class="partner-grid__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2017-09/LogoLLB.jpg?itok=eQIZVETw" width="319" height="320" alt="LLB logo" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" class="partner-grid__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/partner-logo/2017-09/fzj_0.gif?itok=PCH2Y6qf" width="222" height="80" alt="julich logo" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> <div class="partner-grid__item"> <a class="partner-grid__aligner"> <img class="image" class="partner-grid__image" src="/sites/default/files/styles/logo/public/images/media/2017-09/PSI_Logo_narrow_2_2.jpg?itok=xYarfoCM" width="440" height="154" alt="psi logo" loading="lazy" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="instrument__content"> <div class="instrument__content-container container"> <div class="instrument__content-row row"> <div class="instrument__content-wrapper col-sm-12 col-md-10 offset-md-1"><div> <div class="tabs" id="tabs-instruments"> <ul class="tabs__nav"> <li class="tabs__nav-item"><a class="tabs__nav-link" href="#science-case"> Science Case </a></li> <li class="tabs__nav-item"><a class="tabs__nav-link" href="#instrument-description"> Instrument Description </a></li> <li class="tabs__nav-item"><a class="tabs__nav-link" href="#instrument-team"> Instrument Team </a></li> </ul> <div class="tabs__pane" id="science-case"> <p class="lead">In the last 50 years, an increasing number of materials have been discovered that show novel physical properties that are only partially understood.</p> <div data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="1f3c2265-f98d-4d6b-98f8-aa5fa985994b" class="align-right embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-call-to-action embedded-block-content-call-to-action--full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="call-to-action call-to-action--"> <p>Read more about science with MAGIC</p> <a href="/publications/future-science/promise-of-big-data" class="button button--primary">Delivering on the Promise of Big Data</a> </div> </div> <p>In a large fraction of these materials, the electronic states that give rise to the novel physical properties involve spin or orbital degree of freedom, which is also the origin of magnetism. Examples can be found in diverse areas, some of which could have technological applications in the medium term. This includes novel forms of superconductivity and ferroelectricity – materials properties that are widely used in industry, and where novel materials could lead to an increase in energy efficiency or to an enhanced performance. Other materials feature novel states at low temperatures, such as spin liquids or complex magnetic structures with emergent properties, which may have applications in the long term.</p> <p>Of high current interest in the scientific community is the role of spin-orbit interactions in solid materials and complex magnetic structures arising from competing interactions. Examples of current hot topics include the physical properties of iridium oxide materials, novel spin textures found in skyrmion-featuring materials, the complex interplay of magnetism and superconductivity in unconventional superconductors (pnictides, cuprates, heavy-fermion intermetallics and organic superconductors), multifunctionality in magnetically-induced ferroelectrics, and frustrated or low-dimensional magnetic materials featuring strong magnetic correlations or spin-liquid-like quantum coherent ground states. Some of these materials cannot be studied at present due to the lack of large enough single-crystalline materials and/or weakness of the magnetic contribution to the diffraction pattern.</p> </div> <div class="tabs__pane" id="instrument-description"> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="c3f7ef66-bca2-4c98-b05d-bfecfa38f1cd" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.panoramic_wide" class="align-center embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--panoramic-wide" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="media media-image media-image--panoramic-wide"> <div class="media__content"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2020-10/ESS_MAGIC_drawing_neg_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.png?itok=T0HS6Hft 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="1920" height="731"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/panoramic_wide/public/images/media/2020-10/ESS_MAGIC_drawing_neg_Internal%20use%20_%20for%20web%20and%20print.png?itok=T0HS6Hft" width="1920" height="731" alt="Schematic drawing of ESS MAGIC instrument." /></picture></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>Schematic drawing of ESS MAGIC instrument.</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <p class="lead">The instrument length is ~160 m from moderator to sample position. The MAGiC guide will point at the thermal moderator while an optional polarizing solid-state bender will be used to efficiently extract and polarize the neutrons emitted by the cold moderator.</p><p>The guide geometry is based on a double elliptic one (both vertically and horizontally) kinked at mid-distance by ~0.5°. This kink will remove the direct field of view from the sample to the moderator, strongly reducing background while efficiently polarizing thermal neutrons.</p><p>The beam can be shaped and tailored to the user needs. The Pulse Shaping and Selection Choppers positioned at 6.2 m from the target will allow to tune the pulse length down to 200 μs, increasing the instrument longitudinal resolution. The Band Chopper positioned at 80 m will define the wavelength boundaries of the transported beam. At sample position, a set of collimation slits will tune the incident beam divergence thus adjusting the transverse divergence. An optional 1m long guide piece can be used to increase flux on micro-crystal (< 1 mm<sup>3</sup>).</p><p>Two 1 m radius detectors will collect the scattered beam. These detectors are based on the <sup>10</sup>B technology in inclined geometry offering high efficiency and spatial resolution. The first one, covering 0.8 sr, will be dedicated to half-polarized experiments while the second one, covering 0.2 sr, will be dedicated to polarization analysis experiments. Polarization analysis will be ensured by a solid-state analyzer consisting of ~12000 silicon channels coated with FeSi super-mirrors.</p><p>Finally, the instrument is designed to accommodate all type of cryogenics, magnets and pressure sample environments.</p> <div data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="b1626c61-ce34-427a-8499-368861290f16" data-embed-button="media" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:media.landscape_medium" class="align-center embedded-entity embedded-media embedded-media-image embedded-media-image--landscape-medium" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"> <div class="media media-image media-image--landscape-medium"> <div class="media__content"> <picture><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2017-09/MAGiC_figure1.png?itok=P1vt23G5 1x" media="(min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="880" height="467"></source><img class="image" loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/images/media/2017-09/MAGiC_figure1.png?itok=P1vt23G5" width="880" height="467" alt="magic instrument layout" /></picture></div> <footer class="media__footer"><div class="caption"><p>Rendering of the MAGiC instrument</p> </div> </footer></div> </div> <p class="lead">Sample Environment</p><p>MAGiC is designed to accommodate all type of cryogenics, magnets and pressure sample environments.</p> <div data-entity-type="block_content" data-entity-uuid="9152acbf-487f-4b8c-a0ef-4fa08b930ec3" data-embed-button="block_browse" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:block_content.full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity embedded-block-content embedded-block-content-puff embedded-block-content-puff--full"><div class="puff-grid"><div class="puff-grid-small"> <div class="card card--push"> <div class="card__block"> <h3 class="card__title"><a href="/science-support-systems/premp"> <span>Sample Environment Systems for High Pressure and Mechanical Processing (PREMP)</span> </a></h3> <p class="card__text">Many scientific disciplines require the application of very high and uniform pressure on the sample during the neutron-scattering experiment.</p> <a class="button-link button-link--primary" href="/science-support-systems/premp"> Read More </a> </div> </div> <div class="card card--push"> <div class="card__block"> <h3 class="card__title"><a href="/science-support-systems/tefi"> <span>Sample Environment Systems for Temperature and Fields (TEFI)</span> </a></h3> <p class="card__text">Temperatures close to absolute zero, or magnetic fields hundreds of thousands of times larger than the earth's field are often required for experiments using neutrons.</p> <a class="button-link button-link--primary" href="/science-support-systems/tefi"> Read More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="references"><p><strong>Publications</strong></p><p>Andersen, K. H.<em> et al.</em> The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source. <em>Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment</em> 957, 39, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.163402 (2020). </p></div> </div> <div class="tabs__pane" id="instrument-team"> <p><strong>Lead Scientist</strong><br />X. Fabrèges, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA/CNRS</p><p><strong>Lead Engineer</strong><br />S. Klimko, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA/CNRS</p><p><strong>Senior Advisor</strong><br />A. Goukasov, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA/CNRS</p><p><strong>Work Package Coordinator</strong><br />Werner Schweika, JCNS/ESS<br />U. Filges, PSI</p><p><strong>Engineer</strong><br />P. Harbott, JCNS</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relevant-links"> <div class="relevant-links--instrument"> <h2>Relevant links</h2> <div class="relevant-links--items"> <div class="relevant-links--item"><a href="/science-using-neutrons/chemistry-materials-magnetic-electronic-phenomena">Chemistry of Materials, Magnetic & Electronic Phenomena at ESS</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="instrument__footer"> <div class="instrument__footer-wrapper container"><section class="views-element-container instrument__related-articles-wrapper"> <h2>Instrument Feature Stories</h2> <div> <div class="instrument__slider-arrow instrument__slider-arrow--left"><i class="icon icon--arrow-right"></i></div> <div class="js-view-dom-id-01f5ce0a691e202edfeafcf4d663778a4ec4f26ccad7b72f5f04d87c31aec724"> <div class="instrument__related-articles owl-carousel"> <div class="card"> <a href="/article/2024/01/17/ess-hosts-instrument-consortium-executive-board-meeting" rel="bookmark"> 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