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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ریچارد کوک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریچارد کوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Рычард Кок – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард Кок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Coke" title="Richard Coke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard Coke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ریچارد کوک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد کوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Coke" title="Richard Coke – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Coke" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richardus_Coke" title="Richardus Coke – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Richardus Coke" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Coke" title="Richard Coke – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard Coke" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83" title="ريتشارد كوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد كوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Coke" title="Richard Coke – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard Coke" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Governor of Texas from 1874 to 1876</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Coke_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Richard Coke (disambiguation)">Richard Coke (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Richard Coke</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Coke_-_Brady-Handy_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Richard_Coke_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Richard_Coke_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Richard_Coke_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Richard_Coke_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Richard_Coke_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Richard_Coke_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2223" data-file-height="3025" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1895</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_C._Hamilton" title="Morgan C. Hamilton">Morgan C. Hamilton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Horace Chilton</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">15th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 15, 1874 – December 1, 1876</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Texas" title="Lieutenant Governor of Texas">Lieutenant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Vacant</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_J._Davis" title="Edmund J. Davis">Edmund J. Davis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Hubbard" title="Richard B. Hubbard">Richard B. Hubbard</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1829-03-18</span>)</span>March 18, 1829<br /><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg, Virginia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 14, 1897<span style="display:none">(1897-05-14)</span> (aged 68)<br /><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco, Texas</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_College_of_William_%26_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="The College of William & Mary">College of William and Mary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor of Law">LLB</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Evans_Horne_Coke_-_Texas_governors%27_wives_(IA_texasgovernorswi00jack)_(page_86_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mary_Evans_Horne_Coke_-_Texas_governors%27_wives_%28IA_texasgovernorswi00jack%29_%28page_86_crop%29.jpg/180px-Mary_Evans_Horne_Coke_-_Texas_governors%27_wives_%28IA_texasgovernorswi00jack%29_%28page_86_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mary_Evans_Horne_Coke_-_Texas_governors%27_wives_%28IA_texasgovernorswi00jack%29_%28page_86_crop%29.jpg/270px-Mary_Evans_Horne_Coke_-_Texas_governors%27_wives_%28IA_texasgovernorswi00jack%29_%28page_86_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mary_Evans_Horne_Coke_-_Texas_governors%27_wives_%28IA_texasgovernorswi00jack%29_%28page_86_crop%29.jpg/360px-Mary_Evans_Horne_Coke_-_Texas_governors%27_wives_%28IA_texasgovernorswi00jack%29_%28page_86_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="2358" /></a><figcaption>Mary Horne Coke</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Richard Coke</b> (March 18, 1829 – May 14, 1897) was an American lawyer and statesman from <a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco, Texas</a>. He was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Texas">15th governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> from 1874 to 1876 and was a US Senator from 1877 to 1895. His governorship is notable for reestablishing local <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#United_States" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a> rule in Texas, and the <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era">disfranchisement</a> of <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> voters, following <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minutaglio_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minutaglio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard Coke was revered by many Texas <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">Southern Democrats</a> due to his perceived triumphs over Reconstruction era <a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Government of the United States">Federal</a> control in Texas politics.<sup id="cite_ref-TSHA_|_Coke,_Richard_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSHA_|_Coke,_Richard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His uncle was US Representative <a href="/wiki/Richard_Coke_Jr." title="Richard Coke Jr.">Richard Coke Jr.</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Coke&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard <a href="/wiki/Coke" class="mw-disambig" title="Coke">Coke</a> was born in 1829 in <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg, Virginia</a>, to John and Eliza (Hankins) Coke. <a href="/wiki/Octavius_Coke" title="Octavius Coke">Octavius Coke</a> was his brother. He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/College_of_William_and_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="College of William and Mary">College of William and Mary</a> in 1848 with a law degree.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confederacy_and_Early_Career">Confederacy and Early Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Coke&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Confederacy and Early Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1850, Coke moved to Texas and opened a law practice in Waco. In 1852, he married Mary Horne of Waco. The couple had four children, but all of them died before age 30. </p><p>In 1859, Coke was appointed by governor <a href="/wiki/Hardin_R._Runnels" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardin R. Runnels">Hardin R. Runnels</a> to lead a commission tasked with removing the remaining <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a> natives from West Texas and the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Texas Hill Country</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TSHA_|_Coke,_Richard_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSHA_|_Coke,_Richard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coke was a delegate to the Secession Convention at Austin in 1861. The convention's chief concern was keeping <a href="/wiki/American_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="American slavery">slavery</a> legal.<sup id="cite_ref-Tarlton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarlton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coke owned slaves himself.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He voted that Texas should leave the United States to join the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minutaglio_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minutaglio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He joined the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Army">Confederate Army</a> as a private.<sup id="cite_ref-bioguide.congress.gov_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioguide.congress.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1862, he raised a company that became part of the 15th Texas Infantry and served as its captain for the rest of the war. He was wounded in an action known as Bayou Bourbeau on November 3, 1863, near <a href="/wiki/Opelousas,_Louisiana" title="Opelousas, Louisiana">Opelousas, Louisiana</a>. After the war, he returned home to Waco. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstruction">Reconstruction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Coke&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1865, Coke was appointed a Texas district court judge, and in 1866, he was elected as an associate justice to the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Supreme Court">Texas Supreme Court</a>. The following year, the military Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a> removed Coke and four other judges as ‘an impediment to reconstruction’, in pursuit of unionist <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> policies.<sup id="cite_ref-bioguide.congress.gov_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioguide.congress.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The removal of the five judges became a <i>cause célèbre</i> and made their names famous, synonymous in the public eye with resistance to Union occupation. </p><p>Richard Coke leveraged resentment at Union occupation to construct a Democratic electoral coalition that ruled Texas for more than 100 years. Through <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> attacks, intimidation, and public <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a> of Black voters and their white allies, Coke's coalition re-established conservative white control of Texas in the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era">Disfranchisement</a> of Black Texans was maintained with <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poll tax (United States)">poll taxes</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="White primaries">white primaries</a>. The number of black voters decreased sharply from more than 100,000 in the 1890s to 5,000 in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-MOTTU_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOTTU-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having been removed by Sheridan, Coke ran for governor as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> in 1873 and took office in January 1874. The <a href="/wiki/Texas_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Supreme Court">Texas Supreme Court</a> ruled his election invalid in an extraordinary <i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i> writ called <i>Ex Parte Rodriguez</i> because the polls were open for only one day, rather than the four days mentioned in the state constitution. The court is known as the "Semicolon Court" because the meaning of a particular <a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a> in the constitution was important in the case.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As recounted by the Texas State Historical Association, in response, </p> <blockquote> <p>Disregarding the court ruling, the Democrats secured the keys to the second floor of the Capitol and took possession. [Incumbent Gov. Edmund] Davis was reported to have state troops stationed on the lower floor. The Travis Rifles (a Texas military unit created to fight Indians), summoned to protect Davis, were converted into a sheriff's posse and protected Coke. On January 15, 1874, Coke was inaugurated as governor. On January 16, Davis arranged for a truce, but he made one final appeal for federal intervention. A telegram from President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> said that he did not feel warranted in sending federal troops to keep Davis in office. Davis resigned his office on January 19. Coke's inauguration restored Democratic control in Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Coke's administration was marked by vigorous action to balance the budget and by a revised state constitution adopted in 1876. He was also instrumental in creating the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, which became <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M University</a>. Having once been removed from the Texas Supreme Court, as governor, he appointed all its members, naming as Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Oran_Milo_Roberts" title="Oran Milo Roberts">Oran Roberts</a> (after the US Senate had refused to seat him). <a href="/wiki/George_F._Moore_(Texas_judge)" title="George F. Moore (Texas judge)">George F. Moore</a>, who was Chief Justice when he had been fired along with Coke, became the first chief justice elected under Texas' 1876 Constitution, an honor he held until his death. Others from the Texas judiciary under the Confederacy received key appointments. </p><p>Once the new Constitution had been negotiated, Coke resigned his office in December 1876, following his election by the legislature to the United States Senate. By the time of his resignation, Texas Democrats had united with white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan to maintain political control of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Coke&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coke was re-elected to federal office in <a href="/wiki/1882_United_States_elections" title="1882 United States elections">1882</a> and <a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_elections" title="1888 United States elections">1888</a>, serving in the <a href="/wiki/45th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Congress">45th</a> – <a href="/wiki/53rd_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="53rd Congress">53rd Congresses</a> until March 3, 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-bioguide.congress.gov_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioguide.congress.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coke was not a candidate for reelection in 1894. </p><p>Coke retired to his home in Waco and his nearby farm. He became ill with "progressive paralysis" in early 1897. After a few weeks of illness, he died at his home in Waco and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Oakwood_Cemetery_(Waco,_Texas)" title="Oakwood Cemetery (Waco, Texas)">Oakwood Cemetery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Coke&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coke's rise to power marked the return of locally elected government in Texas and the establishment of a rigidly white supremacist Texas Democratic party that would maintain a strong hold on Texas government for over 100 years. Historians in the state praised Davis for this, and consolidated a version of Texas history that downplayed or omitted the liberal government that had preceded him.<sup id="cite_ref-Minutaglio_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minutaglio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1916 the state archivist wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Governor Coke had faith in his people. He believed in the <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">supremacy of the Anglo-Saxon race</a>—he prided himself in the rich blood of the Southern people. As their leader he fought back the tide of tyranny that was about to engulf them in the murky water of <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">mulatto</a> domination. He was a constructive statesman; he served his people with true fidelity and left Texas to rich heritage of a fruitful and useful like. His name is engraved on the scroll of immortals, and his footprints are in the sands of time.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Sinclair Moreland, Texas state archivist (1916)<sup id="cite_ref-Minutaglio_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minutaglio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The 1876 constitution created under Coke's administration is the current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Texas" title="Constitution of Texas">Constitution of Texas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Coke_County,_Texas" title="Coke County, Texas">Coke County</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a> is named for him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Coke&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Biography of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-5827:19">Richard Coke</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205004737/http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-5827"><i>The Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas</i></a>, hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000210020912/http://www.co.hidalgo.tx.us/">Portal to Texas History</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Minutaglio-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minutaglio_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minutaglio_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minutaglio_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minutaglio_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMinutaglio2021" class="citation book cs1">Minutaglio, Bill (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lYcHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>A Single Star and Bloody Knuckles: A History of Politics and Race in Texas</i></a>. University of Texas Press. pp. 31–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781477310366" title="Special:BookSources/9781477310366"><bdi>9781477310366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Single+Star+and+Bloody+Knuckles%3A+A+History+of+Politics+and+Race+in+Texas&rft.pages=31-33&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781477310366&rft.aulast=Minutaglio&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlYcHEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TSHA_|_Coke,_Richard-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TSHA_|_Coke,_Richard_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TSHA_|_Coke,_Richard_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/coke-richard">"TSHA | Coke, Richard"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TSHA+%26%23124%3B+Coke%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fentries%2Fcoke-richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://texaspolitics.utexas.edu/archive/html/exec/governors/01.html">"1. Richard Coke"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1.+Richard+Coke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftexaspolitics.utexas.edu%2Farchive%2Fhtml%2Fexec%2Fgovernors%2F01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tarlton-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tarlton_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tarltonapps.law.utexas.edu/justices/profile/view/15">"Richard Coke (1829–1897)"</a>. <i>Tarlton Law Library</i>. University of Texas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tarlton+Law+Library&rft.atitle=Richard+Coke+%281829%E2%80%931897%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftarltonapps.law.utexas.edu%2Fjustices%2Fprofile%2Fview%2F15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/interactive/2022/congress-slaveowners-names-list/">"Congress slaveowners"</a>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, January 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Congress+slaveowners&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fhistory%2Finteractive%2F2022%2Fcongress-slaveowners-names-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bioguide.congress.gov-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bioguide.congress.gov_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bioguide.congress.gov_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bioguide.congress.gov_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000601">http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000601</a> US Congressional bioguide</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrigan2004" class="citation book cs1">Carrigan, William D. (2004). <i>The Making of a Lynching Culture: Violence and Vigilantism in Central Texas, 1836–1916</i>. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. pp. 138–139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07430-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07430-1"><bdi>978-0-252-07430-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+a+Lynching+Culture%3A+Violence+and+Vigilantism+in+Central+Texas%2C+1836%E2%80%931916&rft.place=Urbana+and+Chicago&rft.pages=138-139&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-252-07430-1&rft.aulast=Carrigan&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOTTU-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOTTU_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205173917/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/museumttu/A-A.%20Teacher%27s%20Manual.pdf"><i>African-American Pioneers of Texas: From the Old West to the New Frontiers (Teacher's Manual)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Museum of Texas Tech University: Education Division. p. 25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depts.ttu.edu/museumttu/a-a.%20teacher's%20manual.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 5, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African-American+Pioneers+of+Texas%3A+From+the+Old+West+to+the+New+Frontiers+%28Teacher%27s+Manual%29&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Museum+of+Texas+Tech+University%3A+Education+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.depts.ttu.edu%2Fmuseumttu%2Fa-a.%2520teacher%27s%2520manual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/semicolon-court">"TSHA | Semicolon Court"</a>. <i>www.tshaonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tshaonline.org&rft.atitle=TSHA+%7C+Semicolon+Court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fentries%2Fsemicolon-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/coke-davis-controversy">"TSHA | Coke-Davis Controversy"</a>. <i>www.tshaonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tshaonline.org&rft.atitle=TSHA+%7C+Coke-Davis+Controversy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fentries%2Fcoke-davis-controversy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/forever/representation/page4.html">"The 1870s: Representation"</a>. <i>Texas State Library and Archives Commission</i>. April 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+State+Library+and+Archives+Commission&rft.atitle=The+1870s%3A+Representation&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsl.texas.gov%2Fexhibits%2Fforever%2Frepresentation%2Fpage4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Coke&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sketch of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-5828:485">Richard Coke</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-5828"><i>A pictorial history of Texas, from the earliest visits of European adventurers, to A.D. 1879</i></a>, hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000210020912/http://www.co.hidalgo.tx.us/">Portal to Texas History</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressC000601" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000601">"Richard Coke (id: C000601)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Richard+Coke+%28id%3A+C000601%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DC000601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Coke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6798738">Richard Coke</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gritsforbreakfast.blogspot.com/2012/12/habeas-writs-that-helped-define.html">Habeas writs that helped define Reconstruction-era Texas</a>, Grits for Breakfast, December 15, 2012.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Hamilton" title="Andrew Jackson Hamilton">Andrew Jackson Hamilton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1873_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1873 Texas gubernatorial election">1873</a>, <a href="/wiki/1876_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1876 Texas gubernatorial election">1876</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Oran_Milo_Roberts" title="Oran Milo Roberts">Oran Milo Roberts</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_J._Davis" title="Edmund J. Davis">Edmund J. Davis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Texas">Governor of Texas</a> </b><br />1874–1876 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Hubbard" title="Richard B. Hubbard">Richard B. Hubbard</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_C._Hamilton" title="Morgan C. Hamilton">Morgan C. Hamilton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas"> U.S. senator (Class 2) from Texas</a> </b><br />1877–1895 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Samuel B. Maxey</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Henninger_Reagan" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henninger Reagan">John H. Reagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Horace Chilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">Roger Q. Mills</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Horace Chilton</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Texas" title="Template:Governors of Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Texas" title="Template talk:Governors of Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_and_lieutenant_governors_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Texas" title="List of governors of Texas">Governors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Texas" title="Lieutenant Governor of Texas">lieutenant governors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Pinckney_Henderson" title="J. Pinckney Henderson">J. P. Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tyler_Wood" title="George Tyler Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hansborough_Bell" title="Peter Hansborough Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Henderson" title="James W. Henderson">J. W. Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_M._Pease" title="Elisha M. Pease">Pease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_Richard_Runnels" title="Hardin Richard Runnels">Runnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Clark_(governor)" title="Edward Clark (governor)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lubbock" title="Francis Lubbock">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendleton_Murrah" title="Pendleton Murrah">Murrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Hamilton" title="Andrew Jackson Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Throckmorton" title="James W. Throckmorton">Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_M._Pease" title="Elisha M. Pease">Pease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_J._Davis" title="Edmund J. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Hubbard" title="Richard B. Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oran_Milo_Roberts" title="Oran Milo Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ireland_(politician)" title="John Ireland (politician)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Sullivan_Ross" title="Lawrence Sullivan Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hogg" title="Jim Hogg">Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Sayers" title="Joseph D. Sayers">Sayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._W._T._Lanham" title="S. W. T. Lanham">Lanham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_Campbell" title="Thomas Mitchell Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Branch_Colquitt" title="Oscar Branch Colquitt">Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Ferguson" title="James E. Ferguson">J. Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Hobby" title="William P. Hobby">Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Morris_Neff" title="Pat Morris Neff">Neff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_A._Ferguson" title="Miriam A. Ferguson">M. Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Moody" title="Dan Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_S._Sterling" title="Ross S. Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_A._Ferguson" title="Miriam A. Ferguson">M. Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burr_V_Allred" class="mw-redirect" title="James Burr V Allred">Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Lee_O%27Daniel" title="W. Lee O'Daniel">O'Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coke_R._Stevenson" title="Coke R. Stevenson">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauford_H._Jester" title="Beauford H. Jester">Jester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Shivers" title="Allan Shivers">Shivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_Daniel" title="Price Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Smith_(governor)" title="Preston Smith (governor)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolph_Briscoe" title="Dolph Briscoe">Briscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clements" title="Bill Clements">Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_White_(Texas_politician)" title="Mark White (Texas politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clements" title="Bill Clements">Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Richards" title="Ann Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Abbott</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Texas.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Texas.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Texas.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="528" /></span></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Seal_of_Lt._Governor_of_Texas.svg/60px-Seal_of_Lt._Governor_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Seal_of_Lt._Governor_of_Texas.svg/90px-Seal_of_Lt._Governor_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Seal_of_Lt._Governor_of_Texas.svg/120px-Seal_of_Lt._Governor_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="505" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lieutenant<br />governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Clinton_Horton" title="Albert Clinton Horton">Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Greer" title="John Alexander Greer">Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Henderson" title="James W. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Catchings_Dickson" title="David Catchings Dickson">Dickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_Richard_Runnels" title="Hardin Richard Runnels">Runnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lubbock" title="Francis Lubbock">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Clark_(governor)" title="Edward Clark (governor)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McClannahan_Crockett" title="John McClannahan Crockett">Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Stockdale" title="Fletcher Stockdale">Stockdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Texas_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Texas politician)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Flanagan" title="J. W. Flanagan">J. W. Flanagan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Campbell_(Texas_politician)" title="Donald Campbell (Texas politician)">Campbell</a> (ex officio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Flanagan" title="Webster Flanagan">W. Flanagan</a> (ex officio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jennings_Fountain" title="Albert Jennings Fountain">Fountain</a> (ex officio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bradford_Pickett" title="Edward Bradford Pickett">Pickett</a> (ex officio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Hubbard" title="Richard B. Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Sayers" title="Joseph D. Sayers">Sayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Jefferson_Storey" title="Leonidas Jefferson Storey">Storey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Marion_Martin" title="Francis Marion Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnett_Gibbs" title="Barnett Gibbs">Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Benton_Wheeler" title="Thomas Benton Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Pendleton" title="George C. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McNulty_Crane" title="Martin McNulty Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Taylor_Jester" title="George Taylor Jester">Jester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Browning_(Texas_politician)" title="James Browning (Texas politician)">Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Neal" title="George D. Neal">Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbury_Bascom_Davidson" title="Asbury Bascom Davidson">A. B. Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harding_Mayes" title="William Harding Mayes">Mayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Hobby" title="William P. Hobby">Hobby Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Arnold_Johnson" title="Willard Arnold Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynch_Davidson" title="Lynch Davidson">L. Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Whitfield_Davidson" title="Thomas Whitfield Davidson">T. W. Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Miller_(politician)" title="Barry Miller (politician)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_E._Witt" title="Edgar E. Witt">Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Frank_Woodul" title="Walter Frank Woodul">Woodul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coke_R._Stevenson" title="Coke R. Stevenson">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Smith" title="John Lee Smith">J. L. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Shivers" title="Allan Shivers">Shivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Ramsey_(politician)" title="Ben Ramsey (politician)">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Smith_(governor)" title="Preston Smith (governor)">P. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Barnes_(Texas_politician)" title="Ben Barnes (Texas politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Hobby_Jr." title="William P. Hobby Jr.">Hobby Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bullock" title="Bob Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ratliff" title="Bill Ratliff">Ratliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dewhurst" title="David Dewhurst">Dewhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Patrick_(politician)" title="Dan Patrick (politician)">Patrick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Template:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Template talk:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">United States senators from Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Pinckney_Henderson" title="J. Pinckney Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Ward" title="Matthias Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Wigfall" title="Louis Wigfall">Wigfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Flanagan" title="J. W. Flanagan">Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Reagan" title="John H. Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_B._Mayfield" title="Earle B. Mayfield">Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_Daniel" title="Price Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Blakley" title="William A. Blakley">Blakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Yarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Krueger" title="Bob Krueger">Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">S. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hemphill_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hemphill (U.S. senator)">Hemphill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_C._Hamilton" title="Morgan C. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Bailey" title="Joseph W. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rienzi_Melville_Johnston" title="Rienzi Melville Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Sheppard" title="Morris Sheppard">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Houston" title="Andrew Jackson Houston">A. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Lee_O%27Daniel" title="W. Lee O'Daniel">O'Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Blakley" title="William A. Blakley">Blakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Gramm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">Cornyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Indian_Affairs_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Indian Affairs chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Indian_Affairs_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Indian Affairs chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Indian_Affairs_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Indian Affairs chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs">United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full Committee<br />(1820–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Holmes_(politician)" title="David Holmes (politician)">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">H. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">H. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Morehead_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James T. Morehead (Kentucky politician)">Morehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Smith_White" title="Albert Smith White">A. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Bagby" title="Arthur P. Bagby">Bagby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_K._Sebastian" title="William K. Sebastian">Sebastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Doolittle" title="James R. Doolittle">Doolittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Henderson" title="John B. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Buckingham" title="William A. Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Pettigrew" title="Richard F. Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Thurston" title="John M. Thurston">Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Stewart" title="William M. Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_E._Clapp" title="Moses E. Clapp">Clapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Gamble" title="Robert J. Gamble">Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Stone" title="William J. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Ashurst" title="Henry F. Ashurst">Ashurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selden_P._Spencer" title="Selden P. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Harreld" title="John W. Harreld">Harreld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Frazier" title="Lynn Frazier">Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Thomas" title="Elmer Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._O%27Mahoney" title="Joseph C. O'Mahoney">O'Mahoney</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Select Committee<br />(1977–1993)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Abourezk" title="James Abourezk">Abourezk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Melcher" title="John Melcher">Melcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen">Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andrews_(politician)" title="Mark Andrews (politician)">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full Committee<br />(1993–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Dorgan" title="Byron Dorgan">Dorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Akaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">Barrasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hoeven" title="John Hoeven">Hoeven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schatz" title="Brian Schatz">Schatz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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