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class="mw-page-title-main">Capture of Fort Bute</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captura_de_Fort_Bute" title="Captura de Fort Bute – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Captura de Fort Bute" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prise_de_Fort_Bute" title="Prise de Fort Bute – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prise de Fort Bute" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Fort_Bute" title="Pendudukan Fort Bute – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pendudukan Fort Bute" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1779 battle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Capture of Fort Bute</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Western theater of the American Revolutionary War">Western Theater</a> of the<br /><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Marcha_de_Galvez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/La_Marcha_de_Galvez.jpg/300px-La_Marcha_de_Galvez.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/La_Marcha_de_Galvez.jpg/450px-La_Marcha_de_Galvez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/La_Marcha_de_Galvez.jpg/600px-La_Marcha_de_Galvez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br /><i>Galvez´s March</i> or <i>La Marcha de Galvez</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>7 September 1779</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bute" title="Fort Bute">Fort Bute</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_West_Florida" title="British West Florida">West Florida</a> (present-day <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_Baton_Rouge_Parish,_Louisiana" title="East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana">East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana</a></span>)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Spanish victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg/23px-Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg/35px-Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg/46px-Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Waldeck-Pyrmont</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire"><img alt="Spanish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Col. <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Bernardo de Gálvez">Bernardo de Gálvez</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg/23px-Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg/35px-Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg/46px-Flag_of_Waldeck_before_1830.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> Capt. Georg von Haake <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1,430 regulars, militia, & natives<sup id="cite_ref-Deiler133_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deiler133-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 23 Waldecker grenadiers<sup id="cite_ref-Garraye127_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garraye127-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> None</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1 killed<br />16 captured<sup id="cite_ref-Garraye127_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garraye127-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_theater_1775–1779" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War"><span class="wrap">Southern theater</span></a> <br /> 1775–1779</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1775</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Incident" title="Gunpowder Incident">Gunpowder Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing" title="Battle of Kemp's Landing">Kemp's Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Campaign" title="Snow Campaign">Snow Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Savage%27s_Old_Fields" title="Siege of Savage's Old Fields">Savage's Old Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Great_Cane_Brake" title="Battle of Great Cane Brake">Great Cane Brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Great_Bridge" title="Battle of Great Bridge">Great Bridge</a></li></ul> <p><b>1776</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Norfolk" title="Burning of Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moore%27s_Creek_Bridge" title="Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge">Moore's Creek Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Rice_Boats" title="Battle of the Rice Boats">Rice Boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sullivan%27s_Island" title="Battle of Sullivan's Island">Sullivan's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gwynn%27s_Island" title="Battle of Gwynn's Island">Gwynn's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lindley%27s_Fort" title="Battle of Lindley's Fort">Lindley's Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Coweecho_River" title="Battle of Coweecho River">Coweecho River</a></li></ul> <p><b>1777</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thomas_Creek" title="Battle of Thomas Creek">Thomas Creek</a></li></ul> <p><b>1778</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alligator_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Alligator Bridge">Alligator Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Savannah" title="Capture of Savannah">1st Savannah</a></li></ul> <p><b>1779</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaufort" title="Battle of Beaufort">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Van_Creek" title="Battle of Van Creek">Van Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kettle_Creek" title="Battle of Kettle Creek">Kettle Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brier_Creek" title="Battle of Brier Creek">Brier Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_raid" title="Chesapeake raid">Chesapeake raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stono_Ferry" title="Battle of Stono Ferry">Stono Ferry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fort Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Pontchartrain" title="Battle of Lake Pontchartrain">Lake Pontchartrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_11_September_1779" title="Action of 11 September 1779">Charles Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baton_Rouge_(1779)" title="Battle of Baton Rouge (1779)">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Savannah" title="Siege of Savannah">2nd Savannah</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Battles_involving_Spain_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War1779–1783" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Battles_involving_Spain_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Battles involving Spain in the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Battles_involving_Spain_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Battles involving Spain in the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Battles_involving_Spain_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Battles involving Spain in the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Battles_involving_Spain_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War1779–1783" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Spain_and_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Spain and the American Revolutionary War"><span class="wrap">Battles involving Spain in the American Revolutionary War</span></a><br />1779–1783</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Europe and Atlantic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armada_of_1779" title="Armada of 1779">English Channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_August_1779" title="Action of 17 August 1779">Plymouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_14_September_1779" title="Action of 14 September 1779">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_11_November_1779" title="Action of 11 November 1779">Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_20_November_1779" title="Action of 20 November 1779">20 November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_8_January_1780" title="Action of 8 January 1780">Cape Finisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1780)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1780)">St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_9_August_1780" title="Action of 9 August 1780">Cape St. Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_25_February_1781" title="Action of 25 February 1781">25 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_HMS_St._Fermin" title="Capture of HMS St. Fermin">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_1_May_1781" title="Action of 1 May 1781">1 May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Minorca_(1781)" title="Invasion of Minorca (1781)">Minorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_16_March_1782" title="Action of 16 March 1782">Strait of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Spartel" title="Battle of Cape Spartel">Cape Spartel</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_campaign" title="Gulf Coast campaign">Gulf Coast</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fort Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Pontchartrain" title="Battle of Lake Pontchartrain">Lake Pontchartrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baton_Rouge_(1779)" title="Battle of Baton Rouge (1779)">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Charlotte" title="Battle of Fort Charlotte">1st Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mobile_(1781)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mobile (1781)">The Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Louisiana and Northwest Territory</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Louis" title="Battle of St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Joseph_(Niles,_Michigan)#Spanish_Expedition_of_1781" title="Fort St. Joseph (Niles, Michigan)">Fort St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arkansas_Post_(1783)" title="Battle of Arkansas Post (1783)">Arkansas Post</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Central America</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_R%C3%ADo_Hondo" title="Capture of Río Hondo">Río Hondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Cayo_Cocina" title="Capture of Cayo Cocina">Cayo Cocina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Fernando_de_Omoa" title="Battle of San Fernando de Omoa">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_12_December_1779" title="Action of 12 December 1779">12 December</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Expedition_(1780)" title="San Juan Expedition (1780)">Fort San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roat%C3%A1n" title="Battle of Roatán">Roatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Black_River" title="Battle of the Black River">Black River</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>West Indies</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_15_January_1782" title="Action of 15 January 1782">15 January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Bahamas_(1782)" title="Capture of the Bahamas (1782)">1st Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_17_February_1783" title="Action of 17 February 1783">17 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Bahamas_(1783)" title="Capture of the Bahamas (1783)">2nd Nassau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Capture of Fort Bute</b> signalled the opening of <a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain in the American Revolutionary War">Spanish intervention in the American Revolutionary War</a> on the side of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Mustering an <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a> army of Spanish regulars, <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Acadian militia</a>, and native levies under <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Antoine_de_St._Maxent" title="Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent">Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Bernardo de Gálvez">Bernardo de Gálvez</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of colonial governors of Louisiana">Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Louisiana">Spanish Louisiana</a> stormed and captured the small British frontier post on <a href="/wiki/Bayou_Manchac" title="Bayou Manchac">Bayou Manchac</a> on September 7, 1779. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Fort_Bute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>'s formal <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declaration of war</a> against Britain was made by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">King Charles III</a> on May 8, 1779. This declaration was followed by another on July 8 that authorized his colonial subjects to engage in hostilities against the British in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-Garraye121_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garraye121-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many confuse this as Spain joining the American Revolutionary War, but its declaration of war against the British was a separate war with different primary objectives, but secondarily did support the Americans in their efforts towards independence. </p><p>When Bernardo de Gálvez, the colonial Governor of Spanish Louisiana, received word of this on July 21, he immediately began to secretly plan offensive operations. Gálvez, who had been planning for the possibility of war since April, intercepted communications from the British at <a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a> indicating that the British were planning a surprise attack on <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>; he decided to launch his own attack first.<sup id="cite_ref-Garraye122_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garraye122-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To that end, he concealed from the public his receipt of the second proclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-Garraye124_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garraye124-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Great_Britain">Great Britain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Fort_Bute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Great Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Florida_Map_1767.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/West_Florida_Map_1767.svg/220px-West_Florida_Map_1767.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/West_Florida_Map_1767.svg/330px-West_Florida_Map_1767.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/West_Florida_Map_1767.svg/440px-West_Florida_Map_1767.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="79" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a> map (1767)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bute" title="Fort Bute">Fort Bute</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Capture_of_Fort_Bute&params=30_19_25_N_91_08_13_W_scale:10000_source:GNIS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°19′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">91°08′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.32361°N 91.13694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.32361; -91.13694</span></span></span></a></span></span>) was located on Bayou Manchac, about 115 miles (185 km) up the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> from New Orleans, on the far western border of British <a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a>. Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Dickson was charged with the defense of the <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a> district, which included Fort Bute, Baton Rouge, and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Panmure" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Panmure">Fort Panmure</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Natchez,_Mississippi" title="Natchez, Mississippi">Natchez, Mississippi</a>). The British had begun sending larger numbers of troops to the area following <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Illinois_campaign" title="Illinois campaign">capture of Vincennes</a>, which had exposed the weak British defenses in the area. At Dickson's disposal in August 1779 were 400 <a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">regulars</a>, including companies from the <a href="/wiki/16th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Regiment of Foot">16th</a> and <a href="/wiki/60th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="60th Regiment of Foot">60th Regiments</a>, a recently arrived company of <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">grenadiers</a> from <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont" title="Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont">Waldeck-Pyrmont</a>, and about 150 <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a>. </p><p>Fort Bute was an older stockade fort built in 1766.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufmann130_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufmann130-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was in such disrepair that Dickson judged it to be indefensible. When Dickson received word of Spanish movements, he withdrew most of his forces to Baton Rouge and Panmure, leaving a small garrison of 20 Waldeckers under Captain von Haake behind.<sup id="cite_ref-Deiler133_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deiler133-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spain">Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Fort_Bute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernardo_de_Galvez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bernardo_de_Galvez.jpg/170px-Bernardo_de_Galvez.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bernardo_de_Galvez.jpg/255px-Bernardo_de_Galvez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bernardo_de_Galvez.jpg/340px-Bernardo_de_Galvez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Bernardo de Gálvez">Bernardo de Gálvez</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Gálvez originally planned to leave New Orleans on August 20. However, a <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a> on August 18 swept over the town, sinking most of his fleet and destroying provisions.<sup id="cite_ref-Garraye122_3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garraye122_3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Undeterred, Gálvez rallied the support of the colony and on August 27 set out by land toward Baton Rouge, using as an explanation for the movement the need to defend Spanish Louisiana from an expected British attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Garraye125_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garraye125-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The force departing New Orleans consisted of 520 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish army">regulars</a>, of whom about two-thirds were recent recruits, 60 <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militiamen</a>, 80 <a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">free men of color</a>, and ten American volunteers headed by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Pollock" title="Oliver Pollock">Oliver Pollock</a>. As they marched upriver, the force grew by another 600 men, from <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indians</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cajun" class="mw-redirect" title="Cajun">Acadians</a>. At its peak, the force numbered over 1,400; but this number was reduced, due to the hardships of the march, by several hundred before they reached Fort Bute.<sup id="cite_ref-Garraye126_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garraye126-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the force neared Fort Bute on September 6, Gálvez informed them of the Spanish war declaration and the true purpose of their mission, eliciting cheers from the men. At dawn the next day they attacked the fort, and after a brief skirmish in which one German was killed, most of the garrison surrendered.<sup id="cite_ref-Garraye127_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garraye127-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The six who escaped capture made their way to Baton Rouge to notify Dickson.<sup id="cite_ref-Nester232_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nester232-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Fort_Bute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gálvez remained at Fort Bute for six days, giving his men time to rest, before moving on to Baton Rouge, which <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baton_Rouge_(1779)" title="Battle of Baton Rouge (1779)">fell after a short siege</a> on September 21. The terms of capitulation agreed to by Dickson at Baton Rouge secured for Gálvez the surrender of the remaining British outposts on the Mississippi River. </p><p>Gálvez then returned to New Orleans and began planning a campaign against <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a> and Pensacola, the remaining British strongholds in West Florida. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Fort_Bute&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Revolutionary_War_battles" title="List of American Revolutionary War battles">List of American Revolutionary War battles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Fort_Bute&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Deiler133-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Deiler133_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deiler133_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Deiler">Deiler (1909)</a>, p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garraye127-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Garraye127_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garraye127_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garraye127_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gayarre">Gayarré (1867)</a>, p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garraye121-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garraye121_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gayarre">Gayarré (1867)</a>, p. 121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garraye122-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garraye122_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gayarre">Gayarré (1867)</a>, p. 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garraye124-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garraye124_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gayarre">Gayarré (1867)</a>, p. 124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaufmann130-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaufmann130_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kaufmann">Kaufmann (2004)</a>, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garraye122_3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garraye122_3_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gayarre">Gayarré (1867)</a>, pp. 122–123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garraye125-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garraye125_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gayarre">Gayarré (1867)</a>, p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garraye126-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garraye126_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gayarre">Gayarré (1867)</a>, p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nester232-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nester232_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Nester">Nester (2004)</a>, p. 232</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Fort_Bute&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Deiler" class="citation book cs1">Deiler, John Hanno (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WFITAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Settlement of the German Coast of Louisiana and the Creoles of German Descent, Volume 8</i></a>. Philadelphia: American Germanica Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3557373">3557373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Settlement+of+the+German+Coast+of+Louisiana+and+the+Creoles+of+German+Descent%2C+Volume+8&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=American+Germanica+Press&rft.date=1909&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3557373&rft.aulast=Deiler&rft.aufirst=John+Hanno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWFITAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Fort+Bute" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Gayarre" class="citation book cs1">Gayarré, Charles (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historylouisina00gayagoog"><i>History of Louisiana : The Spanish domination, Volume 3</i></a>. New York: Widdleton. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1855106">1855106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Louisiana+%3A+The+Spanish+domination%2C+Volume+3&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Widdleton&rft.date=1867&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1855106&rft.aulast=Gayarr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorylouisina00gayagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Fort+Bute" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Kaufmann" class="citation book cs1">Kaufmann, J. E.; Idzikowski, Tomasz (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780306812941"><i>Fortress America: the forts that defended America, 1600 to the present</i></a></span>. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81294-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81294-1"><bdi>978-0-306-81294-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56912995">56912995</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortress+America%3A+the+forts+that+defended+America%2C+1600+to+the+present&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56912995&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81294-1&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft.au=Idzikowski%2C+Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780306812941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Fort+Bute" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Nester" class="citation book cs1">Nester, William R (2004). <i>The frontier war for American independence</i>. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0077-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0077-1"><bdi>978-0-8117-0077-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52963301">52963301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+frontier+war+for+American+independence&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+PA&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52963301&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-0077-1&rft.aulast=Nester&rft.aufirst=William+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapture+of+Fort+Bute" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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