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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Handpan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Handpan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handpan" title="Handpan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Handpan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handpan" title="Handpan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Handpan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3" title="ハンドパン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハンドパン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handpan" title="Handpan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Handpan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handpan" title="Handpan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Handpan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handpan" title="Handpan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Handpan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pitched percussion instrument</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handpans_2020_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Handpans_2020_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/220px-Handpans_2020_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Handpans_2020_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/330px-Handpans_2020_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Handpans_2020_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/440px-Handpans_2020_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3497" data-file-height="5247" /></a><figcaption>Davey Jobbles displaying the use of the handpan at the annual Waiamaiea Beach Ska Festival 2020 Jan 2020 <a href="/wiki/NAMM_Show" title="NAMM Show">NAMM Show</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handpan-batch-one-pantheon-steel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Handpan-batch-one-pantheon-steel.jpg/250px-Handpan-batch-one-pantheon-steel.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Handpan-batch-one-pantheon-steel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption>A handpan from the first production run of Pantheon Steel.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm/220px--Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm/Handpan_busker_-_tokyo_area_-_2018_3_4.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Handpan <a href="/wiki/Street_performance" title="Street performance">busker</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handpan_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Handpan_2014.jpg/220px-Handpan_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Handpan_2014.jpg/330px-Handpan_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Handpan_2014.jpg/440px-Handpan_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3094" data-file-height="2475" /></a><figcaption>Handpan Maker & Musician Stevan Morris playing handpans</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Handpan</b> is a term for a group of musical instruments that are classified as a subset of the <a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">steelpan</a>. Several handpan makers and brands have emerged in recent years, resulting from a growing worldwide interest in the <a href="/wiki/Hang_(instrument)" title="Hang (instrument)">Hang</a>, which is an instrument developed by the company PANArt that is based on the physical properties of the Trinidadian <a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">steelpan</a>, Indian <a href="/wiki/Ghatam" title="Ghatam">ghatam</a>, Thai <a href="/wiki/Gong" title="Gong">gong</a>, and Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The basic form of a handpan consists of two metal half-shells glued together, a centre tone field (named Ding) surrounded by a circle of at least seven tone fields on the upper side and an opening in the bottom side (named Gu). Differences between manufacturers include the materials used, the manufacturing processes of the raw forms, the shaping of the tone fields, and the tuning methods. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Handpan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term handpan first appeared online in the autumn of 2007 on the website of American <a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">steelpan</a> producer Pantheon Steel. It was used to describe their development of a new instrument that was launched as an alternative to the Hang.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consequently, the term found its way into discussions in the now-defunct Hang-Music Forum on the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The successor of this forum was founded in 2009 and was called handpan.org.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this way, the expression <i>handpan</i> found wide circulation as a new generic term for this group of instruments. </p><p>Handpan became a necessary and universally understood term since PANArt had registered the name Hang as a trademark for its musical instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It even started filing legal cases against other makers. However, on almost all counts these cases were unsuccessful, since the instrument's physical form was not protected under international patent law. </p><p>The first five instruments generally included under the term <i>handpan</i> were <a href="/wiki/Caisa_(instrument)" title="Caisa (instrument)">Caisa</a> by Kaisos Steel Drums (Germany, 2007), BElls by BEllart (Spain, 2009), Halo by Pantheon Steel (USA, 2009), the Spacedrum by Metal Sounds (France, 2009) and the Opsilon by Opsilon Instruments (Germany, 2011). </p><p>Today, significantly more than 400 handpan builders have entered the market and offer instruments that vary widely in material, manufacturing techniques, shape, sound and quality.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discussion_about_the_term">Discussion about the term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Handpan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discussion about the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>handpan</i> has been discussed with much controversy over the instrument's relatively short life. Critics pointed out that the Hang, which most makers of the handpan use as a standard model, is essentially defined through its difference from the <a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">steelpan</a>, even though it is based on the same physical principles.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, the term <i><a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">pan</a></i> is used for the national culture of the steel bands in <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>. Supporters stressed the necessity of a generic term. They advocated that <i>handpan</i> is a suitable and well-understood new term for the abbreviation of a <i>steelpan played by hand</i>. It has become a conventionalised expression among those who are interested in these kinds of instruments, and in popular culture.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hang makers of PANArt, Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer, reject the expression <i>handpan</i> to describe the Hang. "To state it clearly and precisely: we do not make percussion instruments, handpans or hang drums."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An alternative term used by some builders and players is <i>pantam</i>. It is said to be a combination of the words <a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">pan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghatam" title="Ghatam">ghatam</a>, two instruments that influenced the creation of the Hang.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally this term was an alternative name for the Hang in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Handpan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">Steelpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_(instrument)" title="Hang (instrument)">Hang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_tongue_drum" title="Steel tongue drum">Steel tongue drum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Handpan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815100825/http://paniverse.org/history-of-the-pantam-handpan-hang/">"The History of PANTAMS"</a>. <i>PANIVERSE - WORLD of HANDPANS</i>. 2017-04-27. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PANIVERSE+-+WORLD+of+HANDPANS&rft.atitle=The+History+of+PANTAMS&rft.date=2017-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaniverse.org%2Fhistory-of-the-pantam-handpan-hang%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHandpan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016054022/http://www.pantheonsteel.com/default2.asp?action=article&ID=3">"Home page of www.pantheonsteel.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pantheonsteel.com/default2.asp?action=article&ID=3">the original</a> on October 16, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+page+of+www.pantheonsteel.com.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pantheonsteel.com%2Fdefault2.asp%3Faction%3Darticle%26ID%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHandpan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071112184619/http://www.hang-music.com/forum/viewforum.php?id=18">"Sub-forum "New hand pan development" by the Hang-Music Forum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hang-music.com/forum/viewforum.php?id=18">the original</a> on November 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sub-forum+%22New+hand+pan+development%22+by+the+Hang-Music+Forum.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hang-music.com%2Fforum%2Fviewforum.php%3Fid%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHandpan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handpan.org/forum/">"handpan.org/forum/"</a>. <i>Handpan.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handpan.org&rft.atitle=handpan.org%2Fforum%2F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.handpan.org%2Fforum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHandpan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/branddb/en/showData.jsp?ID=MAD.0969295">WIPO Global Brand Database</a>.</i> International Registration Number 969295</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handpan.org/forum/viewforum.php?f=29">"handpan.org sub-forum Meet the Family"</a>. <i>Handpan.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whensteeltalks.ning.com&rft.atitle=Dr.+Anthony+Achong+Comments+on+the+Pan-Hang+Argument&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhensteeltalks.ning.com%2Fprofiles%2Fblogs%2Fdr-anthony-achong-comments-on-the-pan-hang-argument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHandpan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehandpanpodcast.com">"The Handpan Podcast"</a>. <i>Thehandpanpodcast.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thehandpanpodcast.com&rft.atitle=The+Handpan+Podcast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthehandpanpodcast.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHandpan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hangforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=351">"What is a handpan?"</a>. <i>Hangforum.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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