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technique</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: hall technique"> <meta name="keywords" content="hall technique"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="hall technique"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6744</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: hall technique</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6564</span> Mathematical Model That Using Scrambling and Message Integrity Methods in Audio Steganography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Salem%20Atoum">Mohammed Salem Atoum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The success of audio steganography is to ensure imperceptibility of the embedded message in stego file and withstand any form of intentional or un-intentional degradation of message (robustness). Audio steganographic that utilized LSB of audio stream to embed message gain a lot of popularity over the years in meeting the perceptual transparency, robustness and capacity. This research proposes an XLSB technique in order to circumvent the weakness observed in LSB technique. Scrambling technique is introduce in two steps; partitioning the message into blocks followed by permutation each blocks in order to confuse the contents of the message. The message is embedded in the MP3 audio sample. After extracting the message, the permutation codebook is used to re-order it into its original form. Md5sum and SHA-256 are used to verify whether the message is altered or not during transmission. Experimental result shows that the XLSB performs better than LSB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XLSB" title="XLSB">XLSB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrambling" title=" scrambling"> scrambling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio%20steganography" title=" audio steganography"> audio steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42449/mathematical-model-that-using-scrambling-and-message-integrity-methods-in-audio-steganography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6563</span> Analysis of Active Compounds in Thai Herbs by near Infrared Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaluntorn%20Vichasilp">Chaluntorn Vichasilp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sutee%20Wangtueai"> Sutee Wangtueai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to develop a new method to detect active compounds in Thai herbs (1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in mulberry leave, anthocyanin in Mao and curcumin in turmeric) using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRs). NIRs is non-destructive technique that rapid, non-chemical involved and low-cost determination. By NIRs and chemometrics technique, it was found that the DNJ prediction equation conducted with partial least square regression with cross-validation had low accuracy R2 (0.42) and SEP (31.87 mg/100g). On the other hand, the anthocyanin prediction equation showed moderate good results (R2 and SEP of 0.78 and 0.51 mg/g) with Multiplication scattering correction at wavelength of 2000-2200 nm. The high absorption could be observed at wavelength of 2047 nm and this model could be used as screening level. For curcumin prediction, the good result was obtained when applied original spectra with smoothing technique. The wavelength of 1400-2500 nm was created regression model with R2 (0.68) and SEP (0.17 mg/g). This model had high NIRs absorption at a wavelength of 1476, 1665, 1986 and 2395 nm, respectively. NIRs showed prospective technique for detection of some active compounds in Thai herbs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthocyanin" title="anthocyanin">anthocyanin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curcumin" title=" curcumin"> curcumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-deoxynojirimycin%20%28DNJ%29" title=" 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)"> 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near%20infrared%20spectroscopy%20%28NIRs%29" title=" near infrared spectroscopy (NIRs)"> near infrared spectroscopy (NIRs)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65558/analysis-of-active-compounds-in-thai-herbs-by-near-infrared-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6562</span> Thai Travel Agencies, English Communication and AEC: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nalin%20Simasathiansophon">Nalin Simasathiansophon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to study English communication of Thai travel agencies and the impact of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) on Thai travel industry. A questionnaire was used in this research. The multi-stage sampling method was also utilized with 474 respondents from 79 Thai travel agencies. Descriptive statistics included percentage, average, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that English communication for most travel agencies was between the poor and intermediate level and therefore improvement is needed, especially the listening and speaking skills. In other words, the majority of respondents needed more training in terms of communicating in English. Since the age average of travel agencies was around 30-39 years, the training technique should integrate communicating skills together, such as stimulating technique or cooperating technique that could encourage travel agencies to use English in communicating with foreigners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20agencies" title="travel agencies">travel agencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20communication" title=" English communication"> English communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AEC" title=" AEC"> AEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai" title=" Thai"> Thai</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9421/thai-travel-agencies-english-communication-and-aec-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6561</span> Stochastic Age-Structured Population Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arcady%20Ponosov">Arcady Ponosov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many well-known age-structured population models are derived from the celebrated McKendrick-von Foerster equation (MFE), also called the biological conservation law. A similar technique is suggested for the stochastically perturbed MFE. This technique is shown to produce stochastic versions of the deterministic population models, which appear to be very different from those one can construct by simply appending additive stochasticity to deterministic equations. In particular, it is shown that stochastic Nicholson’s blowflies model should contain both additive and multiplicative stochastic noises. The suggested transformation technique is similar to that used in the deterministic case. The difference is hidden in the formulas for the exact solutions of the simplified boundary value problem for the stochastically perturbed MFE. The analysis is also based on the theory of stochastic delay differential equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20value%20problems" title="boundary value problems">boundary value problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20models" title=" population models"> population models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20delay%20differential%20equations" title=" stochastic delay differential equations"> stochastic delay differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20partial%20differential%20equation" title=" stochastic partial differential equation"> stochastic partial differential equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138398/stochastic-age-structured-population-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6560</span> Recombination Center Levels in Gold and Platinum Doped N-Type Silicon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Chol%20Yu">Nam Chol Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyong%20Il%20Chu"> Kyong Il Chu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using DLTS measurement techniques, we determined the dominant recombination center levels (defects of both A and B) in gold and platinum doped n-type silicon. Also, the injection and temperature dependence of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) carrier lifetime was studied under low-level injection and high-level injection. Here measurements show that the dominant level under low-level injection located at EC-0.25eV(A) correlated to the Pt+G1 and the dominant level under high-level injection located at EC-0.54eV(B) correlated to the Au+G4. Finally, A and B are the same dominant levels for controlling the lifetime in gold-platinum doped n-silicon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination%20center%20level" title="recombination center level">recombination center level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20lifetime%20control" title=" carrier lifetime control"> carrier lifetime control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title=" gold"> gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum" title=" platinum"> platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151514/recombination-center-levels-in-gold-and-platinum-doped-n-type-silicon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6559</span> Actual Fracture Length Determination Using a Technique for Shale Fracturing Data Analysis in Real Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Wigwe">M. Wigwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y%20Soloman"> M. Y Soloman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Pirayesh"> E. Pirayesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Eghorieta"> R. Eghorieta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Stegent"> N. Stegent</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The moving reference point (MRP) technique has been used in the analyses of the first three stages of two fracturing jobs. The results obtained verify the proposition that a hydraulic fracture in shale grows in spurts rather than in a continuous pattern as originally interpreted by Nolte-Smith technique. Rather than a continuous Mode I fracture that is followed by Mode II, III or IV fractures, these fracture modes could alternate throughout the pumping period. It is also shown that the Nolte-Smith time parameter plot can be very helpful in identifying the presence of natural fractures that have been intersected by the hydraulic fracture. In addition, with the aid of a fracture length-time plot generated from any fracture simulation that matches the data, the distance from the wellbore to the natural fractures, which also translates to the actual fracture length for the stage, can be determined. An algorithm for this technique is developed. This procedure was used for the first 9 minutes of the simulated frac job data. It was observed that after 7mins, the actual fracture length is about 150ft, instead of 250ft predicted by the simulator output. This difference gets larger as the analysis proceeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale" title="shale">shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracturing" title=" fracturing"> fracturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir" title=" reservoir"> reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frac-length" title=" frac-length"> frac-length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving-reference-point" title=" moving-reference-point"> moving-reference-point</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14083/actual-fracture-length-determination-using-a-technique-for-shale-fracturing-data-analysis-in-real-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">754</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6558</span> A Digital Filter for Symmetrical Components Identification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20M.%20El-Naggar">Khaled M. El-Naggar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a fast and efficient technique for monitoring and supervising power system disturbances generated due to dynamic performance of power systems or faults. Monitoring power system quantities involve monitoring fundamental voltage, current magnitudes, and their frequencies as well as their negative and zero sequence components under different operating conditions. The proposed technique is based on simulated annealing optimization technique (SA). The method uses digital set of measurements for the voltage or current waveforms at power system bus to perform the estimation process digitally. The algorithm is tested using different simulated data to monitor the symmetrical components of power system waveforms. Different study cases are considered in this work. Effects of number of samples, sampling frequency and the sample window size are studied. Results are reported and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title="estimation">estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faults" title=" faults"> faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetrical%20components" title=" symmetrical components"> symmetrical components</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19625/a-digital-filter-for-symmetrical-components-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6557</span> A Comparison of Implant Stability between Implant Placed without Bone Graft versus with Bone Graft Using Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) Technique: A Resonance Frequency Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Janyaphadungpong">R. Janyaphadungpong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Pimkhaokham"> A. Pimkhaokham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This prospective clinical study determined the insertion torque (IT) value and monitored the changes in implant stability quotient (ISQ) values during the 12 weeks healing period from implant placement without bone graft (control group) and with bone graft using the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique (study group). The relationship between the IT and ISQ values of the implants was also assessed. The control and study groups each consisted of 6 patients with 8 implants per group. The ASTRA TECH Implant System™ EV 4.2 mm in diameter was placed in the posterior mandibular region. In the control group, implants were placed in bone without bone graft, whereas in the study group implants were placed simultaneously with the GBR technique at favorable bone defect. IT (Ncm) of each implant was recorded when fully inserted. ISQ values were obtained from the Osstell® ISQ at the time of implant placement, and at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. No difference in IT was found between groups (P = 0.320). The ISQ values in the control group were significantly higher than in the study group at the time of implant placement and at 4 weeks. There was no significant association between IT and ISQ values either at baseline or after the 12 weeks. At 12 weeks of healing, the control and study groups displayed different trends. Mean ISQ values for the control group decreased over the first 2 weeks and then started to increase. ISQ value increases were statistically significant at 8 weeks and later, whereas mean ISQ values in the study group decreased over the first 4 weeks and then started to increase, with statistical significance after 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, all implants achieved osseointegration with mean ISQ values over the threshold value (ISQ>70). These results indicated that implants, in which guided bone regeneration technique was performed during implant placement for treating favorable bone defects, were as predictable as implants placed without bone graft. However, loading in implants placed with the GBR technique for correcting favorable bone defects should be performed after 12 weeks of healing to ensure implant stability and osseointegration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20implant" title="dental implant">dental implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=favorable%20bone%20defect" title=" favorable bone defect"> favorable bone defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guided%20bone%20regeneration%20technique" title=" guided bone regeneration technique"> guided bone regeneration technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implant%20stability" title=" implant stability"> implant stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62198/a-comparison-of-implant-stability-between-implant-placed-without-bone-graft-versus-with-bone-graft-using-guided-bone-regeneration-gbr-technique-a-resonance-frequency-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6556</span> Stability Assessment of Underground Power House Encountering Shear Zone: Sunni Dam Hydroelectric Project (382 MW), India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Gupta">Sanjeev Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankit%20Prabhakar"> Ankit Prabhakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Rajkumar%20Singh"> K. Rajkumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sunni Dam Hydroelectric Project (382 MW) is a run of river type development with an underground powerhouse, proposed to harness the hydel potential of river Satluj in Himachal Pradesh, India. The project is located in the inner lesser Himalaya between Dhauladhar Range in the south and the higher Himalaya in the north. The project comprises two large underground caverns, a Powerhouse cavern (171m long, 22.5m wide and 51.2m high) and another transformer hall cavern (175m long, 18.7m wide and 27m high) and the rock pillar between the two caverns is 50m. The highly jointed, fractured, anisotropic rock mass is a key challenge in Himalayan geology for an underground structure. The concern for the stability of rock mass increases when weak/shear zones are encountered in the underground structure. In the Sunni Dam project, 1.7m to 2m thick weak/shear zone comprising of deformed, weak material with gauge has been encountered in powerhouse cavern at 70m having dip direction 325 degree and dip amount 38 degree which also intersects transformer hall at initial reach. The rock encountered in the powerhouse area is moderate to highly jointed, pink quartz arenite belonging to the Khaira Formation, a transition zone comprising of alternate grey, pink & white quartz arenite and shale sequence and dolomite at higher reaches. The rock mass is intersected by mainly 3 joint sets excluding bedding joints and a few random joints. The rock class in powerhouse mainly varies from poor class (class IV) to lower order fair class (class III) and in some reaches, very poor rock mass has also been encountered. To study the stability of the underground structure in weak/shear rock mass, a 3D numerical model analysis has been carried out using RS3 software. Field studies have been interpreted and analysed to derive Bieniawski’s RMR, Barton’s “Q” class and Geological Strength Index (GSI). The various material parameters, in-situ characteristics have been determined based on tests conducted by Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi. The behaviour of the cavern has been studied by assessing the displacement contours, major and minor principal stresses and plastic zones for different stage excavation sequences. For optimisation of the support system, the stability of the powerhouse cavern with different powerhouse orientations has also been studied. The numerical modeling results indicate that cavern will not likely face stress governed by structural instability with the support system to be applied to the crown and side walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20analysis" title="3D analysis">3D analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himalayan%20geology" title=" Himalayan geology"> Himalayan geology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20zone" title=" shear zone"> shear zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20power%20house" title=" underground power house"> underground power house</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156644/stability-assessment-of-underground-power-house-encountering-shear-zone-sunni-dam-hydroelectric-project-382-mw-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6555</span> A Comprehensive Survey and Improvement to Existing Privacy Preserving Data Mining Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tosin%20Ige">Tosin Ige</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethics must be a condition of the world, like logic. (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889-1951). As important as data mining is, it possess a significant threat to ethics, privacy, and legality, since data mining makes it difficult for an individual or consumer (in the case of a company) to control the accessibility and usage of his data. This research focuses on Current issues and the latest research and development on Privacy preserving data mining methods as at year 2022. It also discusses some advances in those techniques while at the same time highlighting and providing a new technique as a solution to an existing technique of privacy preserving data mining methods. This paper also bridges the wide gap between Data mining and the Web Application Programing Interface (web API), where research is urgently needed for an added layer of security in data mining while at the same time introducing a seamless and more efficient way of data mining. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title="data">data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association%20rule" title=" association rule"> association rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy%20preserving" title=" privacy preserving"> privacy preserving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20technique" title=" mining technique"> mining technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145870/a-comprehensive-survey-and-improvement-to-existing-privacy-preserving-data-mining-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6554</span> Adiabatic Flame Temperature: New Calculation Methode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muthana%20Abdul%20Mjed%20Jamel%20Al-gburi">Muthana Abdul Mjed Jamel Al-gburi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper introduces the methane-air flame and its main chemical reaction, the mass burning rate, the burning velocity, and the most important parameter, the adiabatic and its evaluation. Those major important flame parameters will be mathematically formulated and computerized using the MATLAB program. The present program established a new technique to decide the true adiabatic flame temperature. The new technique implements the trial and error procedure to obtained the calculated total internal energy of the product species then evaluate of the reactants ones, from both, we can draw two energy lines their intersection will decide the true required temperature. The obtained results show accurate evaluation for the atmospheric Stoichiometric (Φ=1.05) methane-air flame, and the value was 2136.36 K. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-%20methane-air%20flame" title="1- methane-air flame">1- methane-air flame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-" title=" 2-"> 2-</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adiabatic%20flame%20temperature" title=" adiabatic flame temperature"> adiabatic flame temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-" title=" 3-"> 3-</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20model" title=" reaction model"> reaction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-%20matlab%20program" title=" 4- matlab program"> 4- matlab program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-" title=" 5-"> 5-</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20technique" title=" new technique"> new technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166893/adiabatic-flame-temperature-new-calculation-methode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6553</span> Recombination Center Levels in Gold and Platinum Doped N-type Silicon for High-Speed Thyristor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Chol%20Yu">Nam Chol Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GyongIl%20Chu"> GyongIl Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HoJong%20Ri"> HoJong Ri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using DLTS (Deep-level transient spectroscopy) measurement techniques, we determined the dominant recombination center levels (defects of both A and B) in gold and platinum doped n-type silicon. Also, the injection and temperature dependence of the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) carrier lifetime was studied under low-level injection and high-level injection. Here measurements show that the dominant level under low-level injection located at EC-0.25 eV (A) correlated to the Pt+G1 and the dominant level under high-level injection located at EC-0.54 eV (B) correlated to the Au+G4. Finally, A and B are the same dominant levels for controlling the lifetime in gold-platinum doped n-silicon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination%20center%20level" title="recombination center level">recombination center level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20lifetime%20control" title=" carrier lifetime control"> carrier lifetime control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gold" title=" Gold"> Gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Platinum" title=" Platinum"> Platinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silicon" title=" Silicon"> Silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176412/recombination-center-levels-in-gold-and-platinum-doped-n-type-silicon-for-high-speed-thyristor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6552</span> Frenectomy With Lateral Pedicle Graft - A Case Series</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikita%20Sankhe">Nikita Sankhe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Frenum is a band or fold of mucous membrane, which is usually with enclosed muscle fibers, that attaches the lip and cheek to the alveolar mucosa or the gingiva and the underlying periosteum. It curbs or limits the movements of an organ. A frenum becomes a problem if its attachment is too close to the marginal or papillary gingiva, namely localized gingival recession and a midline diastema or it may pull the gingival margin away from the tooth allowing plaque accumulation and inhibit toothbrushing. Frenectomy is the complete removal of the frenum including its attachment to the underlying bone. Miller suggested a technique where by a closure was done across the midline by laterally positioned gingiva. Healing by primary intention resulted in aesthetically acceptable attached gingiva across the midline. This paper aims at showing how a lateral pedicle graft technique combined with frenectomy proves to be more advantageous than any other technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frenum" title="frenum ">frenum </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frenectomy" title=" frenectomy "> frenectomy </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20pedicle%20graft" title=" lateral pedicle graft "> lateral pedicle graft </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20frenectomy" title=" classical frenectomy"> classical frenectomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27225/frenectomy-with-lateral-pedicle-graft-a-case-series" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6551</span> Research on ARQ Transmission Technique in Mars Detection Telecommunications System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongfei%20Cai">Zhongfei Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20He"> Hui He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changsheng%20Li"> Changsheng Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studied in the automatic repeat request (ARQ) transmission technique in Mars detection telecommunications system. An ARQ method applied to proximity-1 space link protocol was proposed by this paper. In order to ensure the efficiency of data reliable transmission, this ARQ method combined these different ARQ maneuvers characteristics. Considering the Mars detection communication environments, this paper analyzed the characteristics of the saturation throughput rate, packet dropping probability, average delay and energy efficiency with different ARQ algorithms. Combined thus results with the theories of ARQ transmission technique, an ARQ transmission project in Mars detection telecommunications system was established. The simulation results showed that this algorithm had excellent saturation throughput rate and energy efficiency with low complexity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARQ" title="ARQ">ARQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mars" title=" mars"> mars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCSDS" title=" CCSDS"> CCSDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximity-1" title=" proximity-1"> proximity-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deepspace" title=" deepspace"> deepspace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31557/research-on-arq-transmission-technique-in-mars-detection-telecommunications-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6550</span> Evaluation of Hard Rocks Destruction Effectiveness at Drilling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekaterina%20Leusheva">Ekaterina Leusheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentin%20Morenov"> Valentin Morenov </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Well drilling in hard rocks is coupled with high energy demands which negates the speed of the process and thus reduces overall effectiveness. Aim of this project is to develop the technique of experimental research, which would allow to select optimal washing fluid composition while adding special hardness reducing detergent reagents. Based on the analysis of existing references and conducted experiments, technique dealing with quantitative evaluation of washing fluid weakening influence on drilled rocks was developed, which considers laboratory determination of three mud properties (density, surface tension, specific electrical resistance) and three rock properties (ultimate stress, dynamic strength, micro-hardness). Developed technique can be used in the well drilling technologies and particularly while creating new compositions of drilling muds for increased destruction effectiveness of hard rocks. It can be concluded that given technique introduces coefficient of hard rocks destruction effectiveness that allows quantitative evaluation of different drilling muds on the drilling process to be taken. Correct choice of drilling mud composition with hardness reducing detergent reagents will increase drilling penetration rate and drill meterage per bit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detergent%20reagents" title="detergent reagents">detergent reagents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling%20mud" title=" drilling mud"> drilling mud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling%20process%20stimulation" title=" drilling process stimulation"> drilling process stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20rocks" title=" hard rocks"> hard rocks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33042/evaluation-of-hard-rocks-destruction-effectiveness-at-drilling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6549</span> Operative Technique of Glenoid Anteversion Osteotomy and Soft Tissue Rebalancing for Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Zaidman">Michael Zaidman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naum%20Simanovsky"> Naum Simanovsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most of brachial birth palsies are transient. Children with incomplete recovery almost always develop an internal rotation and adduction contracture. The muscle imbalance around the shoulder results in glenohumeral joint deformity and functional limitations. Natural history of glenohumeral deformity is it’s progression with worsening of function. Anteversion glenoid osteotomy with latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfers could be an alternative procedure of proximal humeral external rotation osteotomy for patients with severe glenohumeral dysplasia secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy. We will discuss pre-operative planning and stepped operative technique of the procedure on clinical example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstetric%20brachial%20plexus%20palsy" title="obstetric brachial plexus palsy">obstetric brachial plexus palsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glenoid%20anteversion%20osteotomy" title=" glenoid anteversion osteotomy"> glenoid anteversion osteotomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tendon%20transfer" title=" tendon transfer"> tendon transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operative%20technique" title=" operative technique"> operative technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174911/operative-technique-of-glenoid-anteversion-osteotomy-and-soft-tissue-rebalancing-for-brachial-plexus-birth-palsy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6548</span> Comparative Study of Active Release Technique and Myofascial Release Technique in Patients with Upper Trapezius Spasm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harihara%20Prakash%20Ramanathan">Harihara Prakash Ramanathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daksha%20Mishra"> Daksha Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Dhaduk"> Ankita Dhaduk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Relevance: This qualitative study will educate the clinician in putting into practice the advanced method of movement science in restoring the function. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Active Release Technique and myofascial release technique on range of motion, neck function and pain in patients with upper trapezius spasm. Methods/Analysis: The study was approved by the institutional Human Research and Ethics committee. This study included sixty patients of age group between 20 to 55 years with upper trapezius spasm. Patients were randomly divided into two groups receiving Active Release Technique (Group A) and Myofascial Release Technique (Group B). The patients were treated for 1 week and three outcome measures ROM, pain and functional level were measured using Goniometer, Visual analog scale(VAS), Neck disability Index Questionnaire(NDI) respectively. Paired Sample 't' test was used to compare the differences of pre and post intervention values of Cervical Range of motion, Neck disability Index, Visual analog scale of Group A and Group B. Independent't' test was used to compare the differences between two groups in terms of improvement in cervical range of motion, decrease in visual analogue scale(VAS), decrease in Neck disability index score. Results: Both the groups showed statistically significant improvements in cervical ROM, reduction in pain and in NDI scores. However, mean change in Cervical flexion, cervical extension, right side flexion, left side flexion, right side rotation, left side rotation, pain, neck disability level showed statistically significant improvement (P < 0. 05)) in the patients who received Active Release Technique as compared to Myofascial release technique. Discussion and conclusions: In present study, the average improvement immediately post intervention is significantly greater as compared to before treatment but there is even more improvement after seven sessions as compared to single session. Hence, this proves that several sessions of Manual techniques are necessary to produce clinically relevant results. Active release technique help to reduce the pain threshold by removing adhesion and promote normal tissue extensibility. The act of tensioning and compressing the affected tissue both with digital contact and through the active movement performed by the patient can be a plausible mechanism for tissue healing in this study. This study concluded that both Active Release Technique (ART) and Myofascial release technique (MFR) are equally effective in managing upper trapezius muscle spasm, but more improvement can be achieved by Active Release Technique (ART). Impact and Implications: Active Release Technique can be adopted as mainstay of treatment approach in treating trapezius spasm for faster relief and improving the functional status. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapezius%20spasm" title="trapezius spasm">trapezius spasm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myofascial%20release" title=" myofascial release"> myofascial release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20release%20technique" title=" active release technique"> active release technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52786/comparative-study-of-active-release-technique-and-myofascial-release-technique-in-patients-with-upper-trapezius-spasm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6547</span> Implementation of Tissue Engineering Technique to Nursing of Unhealed Diabetic Foot Lesion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basuki%20Supartono">Basuki Supartono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Diabetic wound risks limb amputation, and the healing remains challenging. Chronic Hyperglycemia caused the insufficient inflammatory response and impaired ability of the cells to regenerate. Tissue Engineering Technique is mandatory. Methods: Tissue engineering (TE)-based therapy Utilizing mononuclear cells, plasma rich platelets, and collagen applied on the damaged tissue Results: TE technique resulting in acceptable outcomes. The wound healed completely in 2 months. No adverse effects. No allergic reaction. No morbidity and mortality Discussion: TE-based therapy utilizing mononuclear cells, plasma rich platelets, and collagen are safe and comfortable to fix damaged tissues. These components stop the chronic inflammatory process and increase cells' ability for regeneration and restoration of damaged tissues. Both of these allow the wound to regenerate and heal. Conclusion: TE-based therapy is safe and effectively treats unhealed diabetic lesion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot%20lesion" title="diabetic foot lesion">diabetic foot lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering%20technique" title=" tissue engineering technique"> tissue engineering technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stemcells" title=" stemcells"> stemcells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160271/implementation-of-tissue-engineering-technique-to-nursing-of-unhealed-diabetic-foot-lesion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6546</span> Development of a Double Coating Technique for Recycled Concrete Aggregates Used in Hot-mix Asphalt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbaas%20I.%20Kareem">Abbaas I. Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Nikraz"> H. Nikraz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) production could ease natural aggregate shortage and maintain sustainability in modern societies. However, it was the attached cement mortar and other impurities that make the RCAs behave differently than high-quality aggregates. Therefore, different upgrading treatments were suggested to enhance its properties before being used in HMA production. Disappointedly, some of these treatments had caused degradation to some RCA properties. In order to avoid degradation, a coating technique is developed. This technique is based on combining of two main treatments, so it is named as double coating technique (DCT). Dosages of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% uncoated RCA, RCA coated with Cement Slag Paste (CSP), and Double Coated Recycled Concrete Aggregates (DCRCAs) in place of granite aggregates were evaluated. The results indicated that the DCT improves strength and reduces water absorption of the DCRCAs compared with uncoated RCAs and RCA coated with CSP. In addition, the DCRCA asphalt mixtures exhibit stability values higher than those obtained for mixes made with granite aggregates, uncoated RCAs and RCAs coated with CSP. Also, the DCRCA asphalt mixtures require less bitumen to achieve the optimum bitumen content (OBC) than those manufactured with uncoated RCA and RCA-coated with CSP. Although the results obtained were encouraging, more testing is required in order to examine the effect of the DCT on performance properties of DCRCA- asphalt mixtures such as rutting and fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate%20crashed%20value" title="aggregate crashed value">aggregate crashed value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20coating%20technique" title=" double coating technique"> double coating technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20mix%20asphalt" title=" hot mix asphalt"> hot mix asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marshall%20parameters" title=" Marshall parameters"> Marshall parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete%20aggregates" title=" recycled concrete aggregates"> recycled concrete aggregates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90728/development-of-a-double-coating-technique-for-recycled-concrete-aggregates-used-in-hot-mix-asphalt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6545</span> Mechanical Study Printed Circuit Boards Bonding for Jefferson Laboratory Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Noto">F. Noto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20De%20Persio"> F. De Persio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Bellini"> V. Bellini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Costa.%20F.%20Mammoliti"> G. Costa. F. Mammoliti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Meddi"> F. Meddi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Sutera"> C. Sutera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20M.%20Urcioli"> G. M. Urcioli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One plane X and one plane Y of silicon microstrip detectors will constitute the front part of the Super Bigbite Spectrometer that is under construction and that will be installed in the experimental Hall A of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Laboratory), located in Newport News, Virgina, USA. Each plane will be made up by two nearly identical, 300 μm thick, 10 cm x 10.3 cm wide silicon microstrip detectors with 50 um pitch, whose electronic signals will be transferred to the front-end electronic based on APV25 chips through C-shaped FR4 Printed Circuit Boards (PCB). A total of about 10000 strips are read-out. This paper treats the optimization of the detector support structure, the materials used through a finite element simulation. A very important aspect of the study will also cover the optimization of the bonding parameters between detector and electronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20analysis" title="FEM analysis">FEM analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bonding" title=" bonding"> bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SBS%20tracker" title=" SBS tracker"> SBS tracker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20structure" title=" mechanical structure"> mechanical structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67695/mechanical-study-printed-circuit-boards-bonding-for-jefferson-laboratory-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6544</span> Kinoform Optimisation Using Gerchberg- Saxton Iterative Algorithm </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Al-Shamery">M. Al-Shamery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Young"> R. Young</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Birch"> P. Birch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Chatwin"> C. Chatwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computer Generated Holography (CGH) is employed to create digitally defined coherent wavefronts. A CGH can be created by using different techniques such as by using a detour-phase technique or by direct phase modulation to create a kinoform. The detour-phase technique was one of the first techniques that was used to generate holograms digitally. The disadvantage of this technique is that the reconstructed image often has poor quality due to the limited dynamic range it is possible to record using a medium with reasonable spatial resolution.. The kinoform (phase-only hologram) is an alternative technique. In this method, the phase of the original wavefront is recorded but the amplitude is constrained to be constant. The original object does not need to exist physically and so the kinoform can be used to reconstruct an almost arbitrary wavefront. However, the image reconstructed by this technique contains high levels of noise and is not identical to the reference image. To improve the reconstruction quality of the kinoform, iterative techniques such as the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (GS) are employed. In this paper the GS algorithm is described for the optimisation of a kinoform used for the reconstruction of a complex wavefront. Iterations of the GS algorithm are applied to determine the phase at a plane (with known amplitude distribution which is often taken as uniform), that satisfies given phase and amplitude constraints in a corresponding Fourier plane. The GS algorithm can be used in this way to enhance the reconstruction quality of the kinoform. Different images are employed as the reference object and their kinoform is synthesised using the GS algorithm. The quality of the reconstructed images is quantified to demonstrate the enhanced reconstruction quality achieved by using this method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20generated%20holography" title="computer generated holography">computer generated holography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20holography" title=" digital holography"> digital holography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerchberg-Saxton%20algorithm" title=" Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm"> Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinoform" title=" kinoform"> kinoform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35707/kinoform-optimisation-using-gerchberg-saxton-iterative-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6543</span> Characterization the Tin Sulfide Thin Films Prepared by Spray Ultrasonic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Attaf%20A.">A. Attaf A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Bouhaf%20Kharkhachi"> I. Bouhaf Kharkhachi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spray ultrasonic deposition technique of tin disulfide (SnS2) thin films know wide application due to their adequate physicochemical properties for microelectronic applications and especially for solar cells. SnS2 film was deposited by spray ultrasonic technique, on pretreated glass substrates at well-determined conditions.The effect of SnS2 concentration on different optical properties of SnS2 Thin films, such us MEB, XRD, and UV spectroscopy visible spectrum was investigated. MEB characterization technique shows that the morphology of this films is uniform, compact and granular. x-ray diffraction study detects the best growth crystallinity in hexagonal structure with preferential plan (001). The results of UV spectroscopy visible spectrum show that films deposited at 0.1 mol/l is large transmittance greater than 25% in the visible region.The band gap energy is 2.54 Ev for molarity 0.1 mol/l. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEB" title="MEB">MEB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20disulfide" title=" thin disulfide"> thin disulfide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20spray" title=" ultrasonic spray"> ultrasonic spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-Ray%20diffraction" title=" X-Ray diffraction"> X-Ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20spectroscopy%20visible" title=" UV spectroscopy visible"> UV spectroscopy visible</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20485/characterization-the-tin-sulfide-thin-films-prepared-by-spray-ultrasonic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6542</span> Artificial Neural Networks with Decision Trees for Diagnosis Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kourd">Y. Kourd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Lefebvre"> D. Lefebvre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Guersi"> N. Guersi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new idea for fault detection and isolation (FDI) technique which is applied to industrial system. This technique is based on Neural Networks fault-free and Faulty behaviors Models (NNFM's). NNFM's are used for residual generation, while decision tree architecture is used for residual evaluation. The decision tree is realized with data collected from the NNFM’s outputs and is used to isolate detectable faults depending on computed threshold. Each part of the tree corresponds to specific residual. With the decision tree, it becomes possible to take the appropriate decision regarding the actual process behavior by evaluating few numbers of residuals. In comparison to usual systematic evaluation of all residuals, the proposed technique requires less computational effort and can be used for on line diagnosis. An application example is presented to illustrate and confirm the effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title="neural networks">neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20trees" title=" decision trees"> decision trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviors" title=" behaviors"> behaviors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8203/artificial-neural-networks-with-decision-trees-for-diagnosis-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6541</span> Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor Using PI Controller in MATLAB Simulink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do%20Chi%20Thanh">Do Chi Thanh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dang%20Ngoc%20Huy"> Dang Ngoc Huy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, there are more and more variable speed drive systems in small-scale and large-scale applications such as the electric vehicle industry, household appliances, medical equipment, and other industrial fields led to the development of BLDC (Brushless DC) motors. BLDC drive has many advantages, such as higher efficiency, better speed torque characteristics, high power density, and low maintenance cost compared to other conventional motors. Most BLDC motors use a proportional-integral (PI) controller and a pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme for speed control. This article describes the simulation model of BLDC motor drive control with the help of MATLAB - SIMULINK simulation software. The built simulation model includes a BLDC motor dynamic block, Hall sensor signal generation block, inverter converter block, and PI controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brushless%20DC%20motor" title="brushless DC motor">brushless DC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC" title=" BLDC"> BLDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=six-step%20inverter" title=" six-step inverter"> six-step inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI%20speed" title=" PI speed"> PI speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179369/speed-control-of-brushless-dc-motor-using-pi-controller-in-matlab-simulink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6540</span> Optimal Sensing Technique for Estimating Stress Distribution of 2-D Steel Frame Structure Using Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Su%20Park">Jun Su Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byung%20Kwan%20Oh"> Byung Kwan Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Woo%20Hwang"> Jin Woo Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousok%20Kim"> Yousok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo%20Seon%20Park"> Hyo Seon Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the structural safety, the maximum stress calculated from the stress distribution of a structure is widely used. The stress distribution can be estimated by deformed shape of the structure obtained from measurement. Although the estimation of stress is strongly affected by the location and number of sensing points, most studies have conducted the stress estimation without reasonable basis on sensing plan such as the location and number of sensors. In this paper, an optimal sensing technique for estimating the stress distribution is proposed. This technique proposes the optimal location and number of sensing points for a 2-D frame structure while minimizing the error of stress distribution between analytical model and estimation by cubic smoothing splines using genetic algorithm. To verify the proposed method, the optimal sensor measurement technique is applied to simulation tests on 2-D steel frame structure. The simulation tests are performed under various loading scenarios. Through those tests, the optimal sensing plan for the structure is suggested and verified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title="genetic algorithm">genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20sensing" title=" optimal sensing"> optimal sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimizing%20sensor%20placements" title=" optimizing sensor placements"> optimizing sensor placements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20frame%20structure" title=" steel frame structure"> steel frame structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25426/optimal-sensing-technique-for-estimating-stress-distribution-of-2-d-steel-frame-structure-using-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6539</span> Using Hidden Markov Chain for Improving the Dependability of Safety-Critical Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issam%20Alnader">Issam Alnader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboubaker%20Lasebae"> Aboubaker Lasebae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rand%20Raheem"> Rand Raheem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed network systems used in a wide range of applications, including safety-critical systems. The latter provide critical services, often concerned with human life or assets. Therefore, ensuring the dependability requirements of Safety critical systems is of paramount importance. The purpose of this paper is to utilize the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to elongate the service availability of WSNs by increasing the time it takes a node to become obsolete via optimal load balancing. We propose an HMM algorithm that, given a WSN, analyses and predicts undesirable situations, notably, nodes dying unexpectedly or prematurely. We apply this technique to improve on C. Lius’ algorithm, a scheduling-based algorithm which has served to improve the lifetime of WSNs. Our experiments show that our HMM technique improves the lifetime of the network, achieved by detecting nodes that die early and rebalancing their load. Our technique can also be used for diagnosis and provide maintenance warnings to WSN system administrators. Finally, our technique can be used to improve algorithms other than C. Liu’s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title="wireless sensor networks">wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dependability%20of%20safety%20WSNs" title=" dependability of safety WSNs"> dependability of safety WSNs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conservation" title=" energy conservation"> energy conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20awake%20schedule" title=" sleep awake schedule"> sleep awake schedule</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158308/using-hidden-markov-chain-for-improving-the-dependability-of-safety-critical-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6538</span> A Study on the Reinforced Earth Walls Using Sandwich Backfills under Seismic Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kavitha%20A.S.">Kavitha A.S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.Govindaraju"> L.Govindaraju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced earth walls offer excellent solution to many problems associated with earth retaining structures especially under seismic conditions. Use of cohesive soils as backfill material reduces the cost of reinforced soil walls if proper drainage measures are taken. This paper presents a numerical study on the application of a new technique called sandwich technique in reinforced earth walls. In this technique, a thin layer of granular soil is placed above and below the reinforcement layer to initiate interface friction and the remaining portion of the backfill is filled up using the existing insitu cohesive soil. A 6 m high reinforced earth wall has been analysed as a two-dimensional plane strain ﬁnite element model. Three types of reinforcing elements such as geotextile, geogrid and metallic strips were used. The horizontal wall displacements and the tensile loads in the reinforcement were used as the criteria to evaluate the results at the end of construction and dynamic excitation phases. Also to verify the effectiveness of sandwich layer on the performance of the wall, the thickness of sand fill surrounding the reinforcement was varied. At the end of construction stage it is found that the wall with sandwich type backfill yielded lower displacements when compared to the wall with cohesive soil as backfill. Also with sandwich backfill, the reinforcement loads reduced substantially when compared to the wall with cohesive soil as backfill. Further, it is found that sandwich technique as backfill and geogrid as reinforcement is a good combination to reduce the deformations of geosynthetic reinforced walls during seismic loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geogrid" title="geogrid">geogrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotextile" title=" geotextile"> geotextile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20earth" title=" reinforced earth"> reinforced earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandwich%20technique" title=" sandwich technique"> sandwich technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41479/a-study-on-the-reinforced-earth-walls-using-sandwich-backfills-under-seismic-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6537</span> Spatial Interpolation Technique for the Optimisation of Geometric Programming Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debjani%20Chakraborty">Debjani Chakraborty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhijit%20Chatterjee"> Abhijit Chatterjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aishwaryaprajna"> Aishwaryaprajna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Posynomials, a special type of polynomials, having singularities, pose difficulties while solving geometric programming problems. In this paper, a methodology has been proposed and used to obtain extreme values for geometric programming problems by nth degree polynomial interpolation technique. Here the main idea to optimise the posynomial is to fit a best polynomial which has continuous gradient values throughout the range of the function. The approximating polynomial is smoothened to remove the discontinuities present in the feasible region and the objective function. This spatial interpolation method is capable to optimise univariate and multivariate geometric programming problems. An example is solved to explain the robustness of the methodology by considering a bivariate nonlinear geometric programming problem. This method is also applicable for signomial programming problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20programming%20problem" title="geometric programming problem">geometric programming problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20optimisation%20technique" title=" multivariate optimisation technique"> multivariate optimisation technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posynomial" title=" posynomial"> posynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20interpolation" title=" spatial interpolation"> spatial interpolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70385/spatial-interpolation-technique-for-the-optimisation-of-geometric-programming-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6536</span> Impact of Relaxing Incisions on Maxillofacial Growth Following Sommerlad–Furlow Modified Technique in Patients with Isolated Cleft Palate: A Preliminary Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadam%20Elayah">Sadam Elayah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Li"> Yang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bing%20Shi"> Bing Shi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The impact of relaxing incisions on maxillofacial growth during palatoplasty remains a topic of debate, and further research is needed to understand its effects fully. Thus, the current study is the first long-term study that aimed to assess the maxillofacial growth of patients with isolated cleft palate following the Sommerlad-Furlow modified (S.F) technique and to estimate the impact of relaxing incisions on maxillofacial growth following S.F technique in patients with isolated cleft palate. Methods: A total of 85 participants, 55 patients with non-syndromic isolated soft and hard cleft palate underwent primary palatoplasty with our technique (30 patients received the Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique without relaxing incision (S.F+RI group), and 25 received Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique without relaxing (S.F-RI group) with no significant difference found between them regarding the cleft type, cleft width, and age at repair. While the other 30 were normal participants with skeletal class I pattern (C group). The control group was matched with the study group in number, age, and sex. All the study variables were measured using stable landmarks, including 12 linear and 10 angular variants. Results: The mean ages at collection of cephalograms were 6.03±0.80 in the S.F+RI group, 5.96±0.76 in the S.F-RI group, and 5.91±0.87 in the C group. Regarding cranial base, the results showed no statistically significant differences between the three groups in S-N and S-N-Ba. The S.F+R.I group had a significantly shorter S-Ba than the S.F-R.I & C groups (P= 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the S.F-R.I & C groups (P=0.80). Regarding the skeletal maxilla, there was no significant difference between the S.F+R.I and S.F-R.I groups in all linear measurements (N-ANS, S- PM & SN-PP ) except Co-A, the S.F+R.I group had significantly shorter Co-A than the S.F-R.I & C groups (P= <0.01). While the angular measurement, S.F+R.I group had significantly less SNA angle than the S.F-R.I & C groups (P= <0.01). Regarding mandibular bone, there were no statistically significant differences in all linear and angular mandibular measurements between the S.F+R.I and S.F-R.I groups. Regarding intermaxillary relation, the S.F+R.I group had significant differences in Co-Gn - Co-A and ANB compared to the S.F-R.I & C groups (P= <0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in PP-MP among the three groups. Conclusion: As a preliminary report, the Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique without relaxing incisions was found to have good maxillary positioning in the face and a satisfactory intermaxillary relationship compared to the Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique with relaxing incisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxing%20incisions" title="relaxing incisions">relaxing incisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cleft%20palate" title=" cleft palate"> cleft palate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palatoplasty" title=" palatoplasty"> palatoplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillofacial%20growth" title=" maxillofacial growth"> maxillofacial growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171175/impact-of-relaxing-incisions-on-maxillofacial-growth-following-sommerlad-furlow-modified-technique-in-patients-with-isolated-cleft-palate-a-preliminary-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6535</span> Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs Using Prestressing Bars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haifa%20Saleh">Haifa Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamiran%20Abduka"> Kamiran Abduka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Kalfat"> Robin Kalfat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riadh%20Al-Mahaidi"> Riadh Al-Mahaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effectiveness of using pre-stressing steel bars for shear strengthening of high strength reinforced concrete (RC) slabs was assessed. Two large-scale RC slabs were tested, one without shear reinforcement and the second strengthened against punching shear failure using pre-stressing steel bars. The two slabs had the same dimensions, flexural reinforcement ratio, loading and support arrangements. The experimental program including the method of strengthening, set up and instrumentation are described in this paper. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed in terms of the structural behavior of the RC slabs, the performance of pre-stressing steel bolts and failure modes. The results confirmed that the shear strengthening technique increased the shear capacity, ductility and yield capacity of the slab by up to 15%, 44%, and 22%, respectively compared to the unstrengthened slab. The strengthening technique also successfully contributed to changing the failure mode from a brittle punching shear mode to ductile flexural failure mode. Vic3D digital image correlation system (photogrammetry) was also used in this research. This technique holds several advantages over traditional contact instrumentations including that it is inexpensive, it produces results that are simple to analyze and it is remote visualization technique. The displacement profile along the span of the slab and rotation has been found and compared with the results obtained from traditional sensors. The performance of the photogrammetry technique was very good and the results of both measurements were in very close agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20slab" title="flat slab">flat slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photogrammetry" title=" photogrammetry"> photogrammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punching%20shear" title=" punching shear"> punching shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89102/shear-strengthening-of-reinforced-concrete-flat-slabs-using-prestressing-bars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right 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