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class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>“即位”的文字起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-“即位”的文字起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-《春秋》记载的君主即位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#《春秋》记载的君主即位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>《春秋》记载的君主即位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-《春秋》记载的君主即位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-《春秋左氏传》记载的君主即位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#《春秋左氏传》记载的君主即位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>《春秋左氏传》记载的君主即位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-《春秋左氏传》记载的君主即位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">即位</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。16种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Інтранізацыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інтранізацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intronizace" title="Intronizace – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Intronizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inthronisation" title="Inthronisation – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Inthronisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ενθρόνιση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενθρόνιση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Enthronement" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intronisatsioon" title="Intronisatsioon – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Intronisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intronisation" title="Intronisation – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Intronisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penobatan" title="Penobatan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penobatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="即位 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="即位" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A6%89%EC%9C%84" title="즉위 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="즉위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intronizacja" title="Intronizacja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Intronizacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Интронизация – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Интронизация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Enthronement" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Интронизација – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Интронизација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Інтронізація – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інтронізація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%85_%C4%90%C4%83ng_quang" title="Lễ Đăng quang – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lễ Đăng quang" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1671499#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/48px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/72px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/96px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">編修</a>，以確保文法、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:避免使用的字詞">用詞、语气</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/标点符号">標點</a>等使用恰当。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年2月7日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請按照<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">校對指引</a>，幫助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit">编辑</a>這個條目。（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:编辑">幫助</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk:即位（页面不存在）">討論</a>）</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>没有列出任何<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2013年8月18日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>。请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>「<b>即位礼</b>」重定向至此。关于<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日本天皇">日本天皇</a>的即位大典，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D%E7%A6%AE_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="即位禮 (日本)">即位禮 (日本)</a></b>」。</div> <p><b>即位</b>，亦稱<b>登基</b>、<b>践祚</b>、<b>登极</b>、<b>坐朝</b>、<b>坐朝廷</b>、<b>坐龍椅</b>、<b>坐龍床</b>等，是指中国古代君主就任职位的仪式。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詞源"><span id=".E8.A9.9E.E6.BA.90"></span>詞源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：詞源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="“即位”的文字起源"><span id=".E2.80.9C.E5.8D.B3.E4.BD.8D.E2.80.9D.E7.9A.84.E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>“即位”的文字起源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：“即位”的文字起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>据何琳仪在《听簋小笺》中的考证，商代青铜器听簋的铭文“就逦”可读作“就列”，此处商代金文<b>就逦</b>与周代金文<b>即位（即立）</b>为宗庙仪礼中性质相同的专用术语。 </p><p>“即立”在<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="周代">周代</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%99%A8" title="青铜器">青铜器</a>铭文中是一个常见的词汇。如元年师兑簋铭文中有“惟元年五月初吉甲寅，王在周，各康庙，即立。”又如谏簋铭文中有“惟五年三月初吉庚寅，王在周师录宫。旦，王各大室，即立。司马共右谏入门立中廷。” 根据刘雨《近出殷周金文综述》等资料辑录的西周青铜器金文出现“即立”的情况，可明显看出西周<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%96%87" title="金文">金文</a>“即立”有一定的格式。最典型的是四十二年逑鼎的铭文，相关部分为:“唯卌又二年五月既生霸乙卯，王在周康穆宫。旦，王各大室，即立”。本句可分为若干部分，第一部分是时间，本句中为“唯卌又二年五月既生霸乙卯”，有纪年有纪月有月相有纪日。第二部分是“王”在某宫庙，本句为“王在周康穆宫”。第三部分是王“格”大室而即立，“格”字有的学者释读为“各”字，《尔雅》“格，至也”。本器金文第三部分为“旦王各大室即立”。用现代汉语说这个“即立”的格式的话，就是某年月日，周王在某宫庙，清晨周王来到大室，即立。在“即立”之后，金文就会记录在场的王臣以及周王的册命或赏赐等。前述二十余篇出现“即立”的金文，都严格地遵守这个格式。值得注意的是，这二十余个“即位”格式句的第一部分时间的纪年，有“元年”有“十又一年” 有“卅年(三十年)”有“卌又二年（四十二年）”等，可见当时的“即立”并不一定在纪年元年。 </p><p>总结上一段，西周金文的“即立”，是周王就其位的意思，这是在周王行使天子权力的仪式性行为，并未有后世的初登君主之位的意思。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="《春秋》记载的君主即位"><span id=".E3.80.8A.E6.98.A5.E7.A7.8B.E3.80.8B.E8.AE.B0.E8.BD.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.90.9B.E4.B8.BB.E5.8D.B3.E4.BD.8D"></span>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B_(%E4%B9%A6)" title="春秋 (书)">春秋</a>》记载的君主即位</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：《春秋》记载的君主即位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>关于<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF" title="诸侯">诸侯</a>的“即位”，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E4%BC%AF%E5%B3%BB" title="杨伯峻">杨伯峻</a>指出，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6" title="先秦">先秦</a>古籍中的“即位”一词，原来皆写作“即立”。据<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%95" title="钱大昕">钱大昕</a>考证，《春秋》和《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E6%B0%8F%E4%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋左氏传">春秋左氏传</a>》的通行本“即立”都改作“即位”是魏晋经学家所为。 </p><p>《春秋》这部<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="编年史">编年史</a>记载了从<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%9A%90%E5%85%AC" title="鲁隐公">鲁隐公</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%93%80%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁哀公">鲁哀公</a>十二位鲁侯在位时代的大事。《春秋》在这十二位鲁侯中的七位的元年记载了“元年春王正月，公即位”，一次记载<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%AE%9A%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁定公">鲁定公</a>元年“夏六月戊辰，公即位。”而在<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%9A%90%E5%85%AC" title="鲁隐公">鲁隐公</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%BA%84%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁庄公">鲁庄公</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%97%B5%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁闵公">鲁闵公</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%83%96%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁僖公">鲁僖公</a>四公的元年，《春秋》书“元年春王正月”，不书“公即位”。而在前述这八次“公即位”之外，《春秋》再没有“即位”一词的出现。对《春秋》的书“公即位”现象自古以来有很多讨论。根据上述特点，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E9%A2%84" title="杜预">杜预</a>认为《春秋》的“公即位”是记录新君的即位之仪式，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%A2%96%E8%BE%BE" title="孔颖达">孔颖达</a>等人赞成此说。杜预和孔颖达以此观点解释四公缺书即位的原因。《左传》解释鲁隐公缺书即位是“摄也”，杜预认为其“假摄君政，不脩即位之礼”。鲁庄公缺书即位，《左传》解释为“文姜出故也”，杜预认为鲁庄公因此不行即位之礼。鲁闵公缺书即位，《左传》解释为“乱故也”，杜预分析为“国乱不得成礼”。鲁僖公缺书即位，《左传》解释“公出故也”，杜预认为“即位之礼有阙”。 </p><p>有必要讨论《春秋》书“即位”的含义，初步分析可得出以下特征。第一，《春秋》的八次“公即位”记载，时间七次在“元年春王正月”，也就是鲁国新君纪年的第一年春天一月。例外是《春秋·定公元年》：“夏，六月，癸亥，公（上一年去世的鲁昭公）之丧至自乾侯。戊辰，公（鲁定公）即位。”鲁定公的六月即位是一次特殊情况。可以看出“公即位”与新君纪年有一种密切的关系，即新君纪年的开始与“公即位”在时间上是同时的。第二，《春秋》缺书“公即位”的四位鲁侯，《春秋》的纪年以其纪年。例如鲁隐公的即位缺书，但《春秋经》在其在位时期仍以“隐公某年”的方式纪年。第三，《春秋》记载的新君“即位”时间不是确立新君或新君实际开始执政的时间。旧君薨逝，新君确定，并在当年实际执政。但要到翌年也就是以新君纪年的第一年正月“即位”。第四，《春秋》书鲁侯的“即位”，不受旧君是否安葬的限制。例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%83%96%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁僖公">鲁僖公</a>于三十三年十二月十一日逝世。半个多月过后新年正月，鲁文公“即位”，当年纪年为文公元年。文公元年四月，鲁僖公葬礼。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="《春秋左氏传》记载的君主即位"><span id=".E3.80.8A.E6.98.A5.E7.A7.8B.E5.B7.A6.E6.B0.8F.E4.BC.A0.E3.80.8B.E8.AE.B0.E8.BD.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.90.9B.E4.B8.BB.E5.8D.B3.E4.BD.8D"></span>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E4%BC%A0" title="左传">春秋左氏传</a>》记载的君主即位</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：《春秋左氏传》记载的君主即位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《春秋左氏传》的编纂成书较晚，而《春秋》所据的鲁史原文年代较早，因此<b>即位</b>在《左传》中的用法不是指新君在新年的改元即位，而新君在旧君去世后被确立新君身份的程序称为“即位”。例如《春秋·隐公四年》记载“冬十有二月，卫人立晋”。当年卫国公子<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E%E5%90%81" title="州吁">州吁</a>弑卫桓公，自立为君，卫人杀州吁。在此次动乱后，卫国人立<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E5%AE%A3%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="卫宣公">公子晋</a>为君。同样的事件左传记载为“冬十有二月宣公（公子晋）即位”。此“即位”的意思就是新君执政，而非即位改元之礼。孔颖达显然认为《左传》此处即位仍可以即位改元之礼来解释，孔颖达说“贼讨乃立，自继前君，故不待踰年（即位）也。”这个解释是错误的，卫宣公继承卫桓公，然而卫桓公是当年被弑，当年是卫桓公十六年，卫宣公依礼不能在当年行即位改元之礼。类似的例子很多，如《左传·文公十四年》记载“夏五月，（齐）昭公卒，（其太子）舍即位。”又如《春秋·庄公六年》记载“夏，六月，卫侯朔入于卫。”出奔数年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%83%A0%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="卫惠公">卫惠公</a>再入卫国执政。同年《左传》记载“夏，卫侯入，放公子黔牟（卫惠公于鲁桓公十六年出奔后，被确立的卫侯黔牟）于周，放甯跪于秦，杀左公子洩、右公子职，乃即位。”此处的“即位”只能理解为重新行国君之政治，与即位改元之礼无关。《左传》这类“某即位”的用法可与“某立”的意思等同，如前所述“位”的古字就写作“立”。如《左传·桓公十二年》：“秋九月丁亥，（郑）昭公奔卫。已亥，厉公立。”又如《左传·僖公二十三年》： “九月，<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%83%A0%E5%85%AC" title="晋惠公">晋惠公</a>卒，怀公立。”《左传》这类的“某即位”或“某立”可以说是“不可一日无君”意义上的新君确立，与《春秋》所记载的即位改元之礼不同。 </p><p>又见《春秋·定公元年》记载：“夏，六月，癸亥，公（去年去世的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E6%98%AD%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁昭公">鲁昭公</a>）之丧至自乾侯。戊辰，公（<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%AE%9A%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁定公">鲁定公</a>）即位。”此例是《春秋》记载鲁国新君即位在时间上的一个特例，《春秋经》记载的其他七次鲁君即位时间都在旧君去世的下一年的正月。关于这次特例，杜预和孔颖达引《礼记·王制》指出此处记载的“公即位”与旧君丧礼中的“殡”有关。《礼记·王制》载：“天子七日而殡，诸侯五日而殡”。杜预和孔颖达因此认为定公于殡迄而即位。杨伯峻更指出殡迄即位是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周">西周</a>以来的古礼，《尚书·顾命》记载的<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%88%90%E7%8E%8B" title="周成王">周成王</a>死到<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%BA%B7%E7%8E%8B" title="周康王">周康王</a>即位，除去死日当天，正是七日。而从昭公之丧至鲁到鲁定公的“即位”有六日，除去丧至的当日，正有五日。鲁昭公已经于去年去世，但于新年改元之时，鲁昭公之丧尚不在国都，即位改元之礼无法完备。因此新年正月改元之时《春秋》不书即位。而鲁昭公之丧至，国君身份继承程序的礼节得以齐备，因此《春秋》记载了这次殡迄即位。 </p><p>《春秋》记载的鲁君即位只鲁定公一次不是在正月，而《左传》对“即位”这个词的用法，在时间上和改元已经无关，应该都是指类似上例鲁定公那样的五日殡迄即位。《春秋》与《左传》在“即位”这词的不同用法最明显的例子是在《春秋·隐公四年》的记载“冬，十有二月，卫人立晋。”而《左传》对相同事件的记载为“冬，十二月，（卫）宣公（即公子晋）即位。”《春秋》书“立晋”，表示新君确立的人选是公子晋，不是记载一个继承程序。而《左传》的记载直接书“宣公即位”，“即位”在此是复述经文的记载，看不出有继续特定程序的意思。又见《左传·庄公三十二年》：“八月癸亥，公薨于路寝。子般即位，次于党氏。” </p><p>《左传》这些记载都没明确的记日，不能确定为记录殡迄而即位的仪式。如果认定这些即位记载就是确立新君人选的意思，那是可以说得通的。《左传·文公十四年》：“齐人定懿公，使来告难，故书以九月。”《左传》解释在七月齐国公子商人（即<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E6%87%BF%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="齐懿公">齐懿公</a>）弑君自立之后，九月齐人终于定其国君之位。齐国来告旧君去世新君即位的使节九月到达鲁国，因此《春秋》书“九月，齐公子商人弑其君舍。”可见确立新君人选是一个重要的政治性程序，齐懿公在被国人确立为君之后，其国君权力才能正常行使，因此通告诸侯的使节才能出发。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671499" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1671499"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" 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