CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Turkey Stearnes - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c058ddb5-52cd-4d06-83e3-cc9a1df7913e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Turkey_Stearnes","wgTitle":"Turkey Stearnes","wgCurRevisionId":1256446934,"wgRevisionId":1256446934,"wgArticleId":695717,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","1901 births","1979 deaths","20th-century African-American sportsmen","American expatriate baseball players in Cuba","Baseball players from Nashville, Tennessee","Chicago American Giants players","Detroit Stars (1937) players","Detroit Stars players","Kansas City Monarchs players","Leopardos de Santa Clara players","New York Lincoln Giants players","National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees", "Philadelphia Stars players"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Turkey_Stearnes","wgRelevantArticleId":695717,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty" :false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7855097","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible", "mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Turkey_Stearnes.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1805"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Turkey_Stearnes.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1203"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="963"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Turkey Stearnes - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_Stearnes"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_Stearnes"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Turkey_Stearnes rootpage-Turkey_Stearnes skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Turkey+Stearnes" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Turkey+Stearnes" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Turkey+Stearnes" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Turkey+Stearnes" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_baseball_player" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_baseball_player"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Professional baseball player</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Professional_baseball_player-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Professional baseball player subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Professional_baseball_player-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Negro_Southern_League_(1921-22)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negro_Southern_League_(1921-22)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Negro Southern League (1921-22)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negro_Southern_League_(1921-22)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detroit_Stars_(1923-31)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detroit_Stars_(1923-31)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Detroit Stars (1923-31)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detroit_Stars_(1923-31)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chicago/Cole's_American_Giants_(1932-35)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicago/Cole's_American_Giants_(1932-35)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Chicago/Cole's American Giants (1932-35)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicago/Cole's_American_Giants_(1932-35)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philadelphia_and_Detroit_(1936-37)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philadelphia_and_Detroit_(1936-37)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Philadelphia and Detroit (1936-37)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philadelphia_and_Detroit_(1936-37)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chicago_and_Kansas_City_(1937-40)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicago_and_Kansas_City_(1937-40)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Chicago and Kansas City (1937-40)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicago_and_Kansas_City_(1937-40)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_all-around_player:_Power,_average,_speed,_and_fielding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_all-around_player:_Power,_average,_speed,_and_fielding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>An all-around player: Power, average, speed, and fielding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_all-around_player:_Power,_average,_speed,_and_fielding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_and_later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family and later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Baseball Hall of Fame and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkey Stearnes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="توركى ستايرنيس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركى ستايرنيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="ターキー・ステアーンズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ターキー・ステアーンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7855097#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Stearnes" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Turkey_Stearnes" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Stearnes"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Stearnes"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Turkey_Stearnes" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Turkey_Stearnes" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&oldid=1256446934" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Turkey_Stearnes&id=1256446934&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurkey_Stearnes"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurkey_Stearnes"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turkey_Stearnes&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7855097" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American baseball player (1920–1940)</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Baseball player</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334398">.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio td,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio .infobox-below{background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows{display:flex;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows>div{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows div:first-child{border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background-color:#9A1C1F}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header a,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member>th>a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-former .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-teams .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-highlights .infobox-full-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-module{width:100%;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9)}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}</style><table class="infobox ib-baseball-bio vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><span class="note">Turkey Stearnes</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_Stearnes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Turkey_Stearnes.png/220px-Turkey_Stearnes.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Turkey_Stearnes.png/330px-Turkey_Stearnes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Turkey_Stearnes.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Outfielder" title="Outfielder">Outfielder</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Born:</b> <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1901-05-08</span>)</span>May 8, 1901<br /><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Died:</b> September 4, 1979<span style="display:none">(1979-09-04)</span> (aged 78)<br /><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan, U.S.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows"><div><b>Batted:</b> Left</div><div><b>Threw:</b> Left</div></div></td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Negro leagues debut</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">1920, for the Nashville Giants</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Last Negro leagues appearance</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">1940, for the Kansas City Monarchs</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Negro leagues statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">Batting average</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">.348</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hit_(baseball)" title="Hit (baseball)">Hits</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">1,326</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home runs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">187</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Run_batted_in" title="Run batted in">Runs batted in</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">1,009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Stolen_base" title="Stolen base">Stolen bases</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">130</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;"><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/steartu99.shtml">Managerial record</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>at <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Reference" title="Baseball Reference">Baseball Reference</a></b> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7855097#P12331" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Teams</th></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-teams"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Giants" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville Giants">Nashville Giants</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Grey_Sox" title="Montgomery Grey Sox">Montgomery Grey Sox</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Stars" title="Detroit Stars">Detroit Stars</a> (1923–1931)<sup id="cite_ref-detroitstars1925_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-detroitstars1925-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Lincoln_Giants" title="New York Lincoln Giants">New York Lincoln Giants</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Monarchs" title="Kansas City Monarchs">Kansas City Monarchs</a> (1931, 1934, 1938–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_American_Giants" title="Chicago American Giants">Chicago American Giants</a> (1932–1935, 1937–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Stars_(baseball)" title="Philadelphia Stars (baseball)">Philadelphia Stars</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Stars_(1937)" title="Detroit Stars (1937)">Detroit Stars</a> (1937)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Career highlights and awards</th></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-highlights"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li>5× <a href="/wiki/East-West_All-Star_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West All-Star Game">All-Star</a> (1932, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1939)</li> <li>2× <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_batting_champions#Negro_leagues" title="List of Major League Baseball batting champions">Negro National League batting champion</a> (1929, 1931)</li> <li>7× <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_batting_champions#Negro_leagues" title="List of Major League Baseball batting champions">Negro National League home run leader</a> (1924, 1925, 1927, 1931, 1932, 1939, 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_Southern_League_(1920%E2%80%931936)" title="Negro Southern League (1920–1936)">Negro Southern League</a> pennant (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">Negro American League</a> pennant (1939)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-member-header"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame">Member of the National</a></th></tr><tr class="nowrap ib-baseball-bio-member" style="background:#272662;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">Induction</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/2000_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting" title="2000 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting">2000</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">Election method</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0.5em;">Veterans Committee</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Norman Thomas</b> "<b>Turkey</b>" <b>Stearnes</b> (May 8, 1901 – September 4, 1979) was an American baseball <a href="/wiki/Center_fielder" title="Center fielder">center fielder</a>. He played 18 years in the <a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro leagues</a>, including nine years with the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Stars" title="Detroit Stars">Detroit Stars</a> (1923–1931), six years with the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_American_Giants" title="Chicago American Giants">Chicago American Giants</a> (1932–1935, 1937–1938), and three years with the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Monarchs" title="Kansas City Monarchs">Kansas City Monarchs</a> (1938–1940). </p><p>Stearnes ranks fifth in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) history with a .616 career <a href="/wiki/Slugging_percentage" title="Slugging percentage">slugging percentage</a> and seventh in MLB history with a .348 career <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">batting average</a>. He led the <a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">Negro National League</a> (NNL) in <a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">home runs</a> six times. He won the NNL batting championship in 1929 with a .390 batting average and repeated as batting champion in 1931 with a .376 average. </p><p>Stearnes was posthumously elected to the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Hall of Fame">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> in 2000. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stearnes was born in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-BR_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two versions as to how he acquired the nickname "Turkey". The most common version is that the name came from his unusual style of running the bases while flapping his arms. The second version, advanced by Stearnes himself, was that he gained the nickname due to a pot belly he had as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-Bak_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bak-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holway_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holway-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stearnes attended Pearl High School in Nashville. He later recalled: "I learned to play baseball in high school. We had a lot of sandlots. All the schools around there had clubs. At that time I was a pitcher. They were getting me to play every Friday."<sup id="cite_ref-Holway_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holway-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stearnes' father died when he was 15 years old. Stearnes left school to find work to support his family.<sup id="cite_ref-THOF_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THOF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stearnes later recalled: "I just did any job that popped up, taking care of hogs or cows and anything like that. I worked at a grocery store, driving a wagon, delivering groceries. I worked at the Baptist Publishing Board, a janitor mostly, running errands."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued to play sandlot baseball on Saturdays and Sundays.<sup id="cite_ref-Holway_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holway-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_baseball_player">Professional baseball player</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Professional baseball player"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negro_Southern_League_(1921-22)"><span id="Negro_Southern_League_.281921-22.29"></span>Negro Southern League (1921-22)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Negro Southern League (1921-22)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Stearnes began his career in professional baseball in 1921 with the Montgomery Grey Sox of the Southern Negro League. He was Montgomery's leadoff hitter and led the club to the league pennant. He switched to the Memphis Red Sox.<sup id="cite_ref-Bak_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bak-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his history of the Negro leagues, Mark Ribowsky described the impact Stearnes had in Montgomery:</p><blockquote><p>In Montgomery, Alabama, a cobralike outfielder, Norman "Turkey" Stearnes, was ripping up league pitching. All arms and legs, Stearnes was a pastiche of oddities; in his batting stance he leaned way forward and his back foot pointed straight up. When he ran, his elbows flapped in and out — thus his nickname. He choked up on a light, thin bat, yet he hit moonshot home runs.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1922, Stearnes joined the Memphis Red Sox of the Southern Negro League and continued to play well. The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Stars" title="Detroit Stars">Detroit Stars</a> sent catcher <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Petway" title="Bruce Petway">Bruce Petway</a> to Memphis to scout Stearnes, who was then playing first base and pitcher. Petway offered Stearnes a chance to play with the Stars in 1922. Stearnes declined, deciding to remain in Tennessee to finish high school.<sup id="cite_ref-Holway_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holway-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SABR_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SABR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detroit_Stars_(1923-31)"><span id="Detroit_Stars_.281923-31.29"></span>Detroit Stars (1923-31)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Detroit Stars (1923-31)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> After finishing high school, Stearnes traveled to Detroit and joined the Stars in March 1923. In an interview with Negro league historian John B. Holway, Stearnes described his move to Detroit:</p><blockquote><p>I came north in 1923, March 1. I came here to Detroit. I worked at the Briggs Manufacturing Company, the same man that owned the Tigers. All our gang. He gave us a job out there and we'd play semi-pro. We were painting the bodies of the cars. I was putting them into the drier myself. The white boys were painting. I’d put them on the drier for them. . . . In ’23 I was playing professional ball with the Detroit Stars out on Mack Avenue. . . .That was the biggest thing doing around here in the Detroit among the colored."<sup id="cite_ref-Holway_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holway-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a rookie in 1923, Stearnes immediately became one of the top players of the Negro National League (NNL). He led the NNL with 14 triples and ranked among the NNL leaders with 49 extra base hits (second), 136 putouts in center field (second), 17 home runs (third), 85 RBIs (third), 70 runs scored (third), 198 total bases (third), a .710 slugging percentage (third), and a .362 batting average (seventh).<sup id="cite_ref-BR_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_Stearnes_(Detroit_Stars).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Turkey_Stearnes_%28Detroit_Stars%29.png/170px-Turkey_Stearnes_%28Detroit_Stars%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Turkey_Stearnes_%28Detroit_Stars%29.png/255px-Turkey_Stearnes_%28Detroit_Stars%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0f/Turkey_Stearnes_%28Detroit_Stars%29.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Stearnes with the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Stars" title="Detroit Stars">Detroit Stars</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Stearnes' remained a fixture with the Stars, holding down the center field position for nine years from 1923 to 1931. He had one of his finest seasons in 1925 when he hit for a .371 batting average and a .668 slugging percentage and led the NNL in hits (135), triples (14), home runs (19), and RBIs (126).<sup id="cite_ref-BR_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later in 1929, he recorded his first NNL batting championship with an average of .390 and also led the league with a .468 on-base percentage and a .672 slugging percentage.<sup id="cite_ref-BR_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, Stearnes left Detroit to play for the New York Lincoln Giants. He returned to Detroit after playing 20 games in New York. Playing without Stearnes, the Stars finished fourth in the first half of the season; with Stearnes' return, they won the second-half pennant.<sup id="cite_ref-Holway_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holway-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SABR_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SABR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1931, his final year with the Stars, Stearnes won his second NNL batting championship with a .376 average and again led the league in on-base percentage (.465) and slugging (.632).<sup id="cite_ref-BR_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chicago/Cole's_American_Giants_(1932-35)"><span id="Chicago.2FCole.27s_American_Giants_.281932-35.29"></span>Chicago/Cole's American Giants (1932-35)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chicago/Cole's American Giants (1932-35)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Detroit Stars folded after the 1931 season, and Stearnes joined the <a href="/wiki/1932_Cole%27s_American_Giants_season" title="1932 Cole's American Giants season">1932 Cole's American Giants</a> of Chicago and helped lead the team to the Negro National League pennant. At the end of the 1932 season, the American Giants faced the Nashville Elite Giants in a postseason series. Stearnes played in two games and drove in five runs with seven hits. </p><p>Stearnes continued as the American Giants' center fielder through the 1935 season. He remained one of the best players in the Negro leagues. In 1934, he led the league's center fielders with a .989 fielding percentage. In 1935, he compiled a career-high .469 on-base percentage and ranked among the league's leaders with a .388 batting average (second), 52 RBIs (second), a .624 slugging percentage (second), 86 putouts in center field (second), and 106 total bases (third).<sup id="cite_ref-BR_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philadelphia_and_Detroit_(1936-37)"><span id="Philadelphia_and_Detroit_.281936-37.29"></span>Philadelphia and Detroit (1936-37)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Philadelphia and Detroit (1936-37)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1936, Stearnes played for the Philadelphia Stars. He led the Negro National League with five triples and 120 putouts by a center fielder and ranked among the leagues leaders with 122 total bases (second), 74 hits (second), 23 extra base hits (second), 43 RBIs (second), 45 runs scored (third), 10 home runs (third) and a .571 slugging percentage (fourth).<sup id="cite_ref-BR_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stearnes returned to Detroit Stars in 1937. His batting average dipped to .286 but he still ranked second in the league with five home runs.<sup id="cite_ref-BR_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chicago_and_Kansas_City_(1937-40)"><span id="Chicago_and_Kansas_City_.281937-40.29"></span>Chicago and Kansas City (1937-40)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chicago and Kansas City (1937-40)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stearnes concluded his major-league career with the Chicago American Giants (1937–38) and <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Monarchs" title="Kansas City Monarchs">Kansas City Monarchs</a> (1938–40). In 1939, he compiled a .330 batting average and led the Negro American League (NAL) in both runs (47) and home runs (7). In 1940, his final major-league season, Stearnes at age 39 led the NAL in both RBIs (33) and home runs (5).<sup id="cite_ref-BR_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_all-around_player:_Power,_average,_speed,_and_fielding"><span id="An_all-around_player:_Power.2C_average.2C_speed.2C_and_fielding"></span>An all-around player: Power, average, speed, and fielding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: An all-around player: Power, average, speed, and fielding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite his slender build, Stearnes led the Negro major leagues in home runs seven times—1924, 1925, 1928, 1931, 1932, 1939, and 1940. He hit a career-high 24 home runs in only NNL 80 games played in 1928. His 187 career home runs is the most in Negro leagues history, seven more than second-place <a href="/wiki/Mule_Suttles" title="Mule Suttles">Mule Suttles</a>. </p><p>In an interview with John Holway, Stearnes described the source of his power as follows: "I never did weigh over 168 pounds. Well, I have reached up to 175 my last few years in baseball. But people couldn't understand how I hit the ball so hard and far. . . . I was strong in my shoulders; that was the difference."<sup id="cite_ref-Holway_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holway-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite being one of the Negro leagues' best home run hitters, he was typically a leadoff hitter. In his history of the Negro leagues, Leslie A. Heaphy wrote: "Stearnes generally led off even though he had a fair amount of power. His speed and his high average made him a great choice at the top of the order. . . . He also had great speed and a strong arm."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stearnes was also known for his unusual batting stance. The Negro League Baseball Museum described it as follows: "Stearnes had an unique stance, with his front foot turned heel down and toe pointed straight up, but although not a heavy man, he was a natural hitter with powerful shoulders."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biographer Richard Bak described the stance as "right foot splayed, the toe pointed skyward."<sup id="cite_ref-Bak_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bak-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Satchel Paige noted: "He had a funny stance, but he could get around on you. . . . He was one of the greatest hitters we ever had. He was as good as Josh [Gibson]. He was as good as anybody ever played baseball."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another contemporary, <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Crutchfield" title="Jimmie Crutchfield">Jimmie Crutchfield</a>, recalled Stearnes as a "quicky-jerky sort of guy who could hit the ball a mile. Turkey had a batting stance that you'd swear couldn't let anybody hit a baseball at all. He'd stand up there looking like he was off balance. But, it was natural for him to stand that way, and you couldn't criticize him for it when he was hitting everything they threw at him!"<sup id="cite_ref-BHOF_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHOF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite having played pitcher and first base before joining the Stars, Sternes also won a reputation as one of the best center fielders in the history of the Negro leagues. Negro league contemporary <a href="/wiki/Ted_Radcliffe" title="Ted Radcliffe">Ted Radcliffe</a> opined that even "<a href="/wiki/Cool_Papa_Bell" title="Cool Papa Bell">Cool Papa Bell</a> couldn't field with Turkey Stearnes. [Bell] was faster, but Turkey Stearnes was one of the best fly ball men."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stearnes' career totals rank him among the greatest batters in baseball history: </p> <ul><li>His .6157 career slugging percentage ranks fifth in major-league history.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>His .348 career batting average ranks seventh highest in major-league history.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>His .4168 on-base percentage ranks 24th highest in baseball history.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>He led <a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a> in triples six times (1923–1925, 1927, 1934, 1936), which is the most all-time. In light of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> announcing several of the Negro Leagues from 1920 to 1948 as major leagues, Stearnes now shares the record for most times leading a league in triples with <a href="/wiki/Sam_Crawford" title="Sam Crawford">Sam Crawford</a>. He is one of nine players in <a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a> history to have won multiple batting titles, with only <a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Josh Gibson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Oscar Charleston</a> having more than Stearnes, who won twice. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cool_Papa_Bell" title="Cool Papa Bell">Cool Papa Bell</a> said of Stearnes: "That man could hit the ball as far as anybody. And he was one of our best all-around players. He could field, he could hit, he could run. He had plenty of power."<sup id="cite_ref-BHOF_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHOF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_later_years">Family and later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Family and later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite his accomplishments, Stearnes had to work winters in <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit</a>'s auto plants to survive. He worked for 30 years for the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> in the foundry at the <a href="/wiki/Ford_River_Rouge_complex" title="Ford River Rouge complex">River Rouge plant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lapointe_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lapointe-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, Stearnes was married to his wife, Nettie, a school teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-Lapointe_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lapointe-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nettie was also a niece of Negro league veteran <a href="/wiki/Ted_Radcliffe" title="Ted Radcliffe">Ted Radcliffe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stearnes and his wife lived in a modest house on Detroit's east side.<sup id="cite_ref-Bak_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bak-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two daughters, Joyce and Rosilyn.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1979, Stearnes had a heart attack. Later that year, he suffered complications after surgery at Detroit's Harper Hospital for a large stomach ulcer, falling into a coma.<sup id="cite_ref-DFP2000_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DFP2000-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on September 4, 1979, at the age of 78. </p><p>In 2023, Vanessa Ivy Rose, Stearnes' granddaughter released a 6-part podcast named “Reclaimed: The Forgotten League” which told the story of many of the greats of the Negro Leagues. It was promoted and distributed by ABC and ESPN's 30-for-30.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_legacy">Baseball Hall of Fame and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Baseball Hall of Fame and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stearnes was not inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Hall of Fame">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> during his lifetime. Even as the Hall began to induct others who had played only in the Negro leagues (<a href="/wiki/Cool_Papa_Bell" title="Cool Papa Bell">Cool Papa Bell</a> in 1974, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Oscar Charleston</a> in 1976, and <a href="/wiki/Pop_Lloyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop Lloyd">Pop Lloyd</a> in 1977), Stearnes was overlooked. Stearnes' widow Nettie noted: "Norman was very shy. He'd play very well, then go right home after the game."<sup id="cite_ref-bak1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bak1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stearnes' biographer Richard Bak added: "Lacking a colorful personality, he never was a fixture in the storytelling that earned other Negro leaguers belated entry to Cooperstown in the 1970s and 1980s."<sup id="cite_ref-bak1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bak1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A stand-offish personality likely also detracted from his popularity. Bob Sampson, who was track coach at Cass Tech High School, recalled: "You could go up to him and say something to him, but he wouldn't talk. Never seen anybody like him. . . . He was a peculiar fellow, but he sure could play the game."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Stearnes' death in 1979, Nettie led a 20-year campaign to have Stearnes inducted into the Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-nettie_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nettie-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stearnes was finally inducted in July 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-DFP2000_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DFP2000-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the induction ceremony, Nettie said: "I prayed every morning for 20 years that this would happen. My husband was one of the greatest baseball players ever to play the game. . . . This is certainly an honor he deserved. We wish it could have happened during his lifetime."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stearnes also received other notable posthumous honors, including the following: </p> <ul><li>In 2001, baseball historian <a href="/wiki/Bill_James" title="Bill James">Bill James</a> ranked Stearnes as the 25th greatest baseball player of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In July 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> held a Turkey Stearnes day at <a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a>. As part of the ceremonies, a permanent plaque honoring Stearnes was unveiled outside the center field gate.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Stearnes was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Michigan Sports Hall of Fame">Michigan Sports Hall of Fame</a> in February 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Stearnes was inducted into the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame in February 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-THOF_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THOF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2019, a display honoring Stearnes was included in the Hank Greenberg Walk of Heroes at The Corner Ballpark (the historic site of <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Stadium_(Detroit)" title="Tiger Stadium (Detroit)">Tiger Stadium</a>) at the intersection of Michigan and Trumbull Avenues in Detroit.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Stearnes, many of the Stars players worked for Briggs: "We worked in the paint shop in the winter and played ball in the summer. All that gang, about 19 of us, with the secretary and manager and all, about 22 or 23 of us."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other stories about Stearnes' lack of "public relations" sensibility are documented in Richard Bak's biography. In one instance, he grabbed a fan who snuck in through a hole in the center field fence and pushed him back through the hole. A teammate recalled: "After he left the ball field, that was it. You have to go out and meet the public. He wasn't that type."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-detroitstars1925-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-detroitstars1925_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B1Wcncq5-bHdZWh3U1ZuTnFpbUE">"Champion Monarchs Open Season With Victory" The Kansas City Advocate, Kansas City, Kansas, Friday, May 29, 1925, Page 3, Columns 1 to 5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/steartu99.shtml">"Turkey Stearnes"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i>. Sports Reference<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Turkey+Stearnes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fplayers%2Fs%2Fsteartu99.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bak-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bak_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bak_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bak_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bak_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bak, pp. 93-94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holway-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holway_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holway_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holway_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holway_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holway_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holway_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holway_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_B._Holway1988" class="citation book cs1">John B. Holway (1988). <i>Blackball Stars: Negro League Pioneers</i>. Meckler Books. pp. 250–251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blackball+Stars%3A+Negro+League+Pioneers&rft.pages=250-251&rft.pub=Meckler+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.au=John+B.+Holway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THOF-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-THOF_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THOF_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tshf.net/halloffame/stearnes-norman-thomas-turkey/">"Stearnes, Norman Thomas"</a>. Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stearnes%2C+Norman+Thomas&rft.pub=Tennessee+Sports+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftshf.net%2Fhalloffame%2Fstearnes-norman-thomas-turkey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bak, p 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Ribowsky1995" class="citation book cs1">Mark Ribowsky (1995). <i>A Complete History of the Negro Leagues: 1884-1955</i>. Birch Lane Press. p. 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complete+History+of+the+Negro+Leagues%3A+1884-1955&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Birch+Lane+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Mark+Ribowsky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SABR-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SABR_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SABR_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Kern" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Kern. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/turkey-stearnes/#_edn12">"Turkey Stearnes"</a>. Society for American Baseball Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey+Stearnes&rft.pub=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft.au=Thomas+Kern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fbioproj%2Fperson%2Fturkey-stearnes%2F%23_edn12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bak, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeslie_A._Heaphy2003" class="citation book cs1">Leslie A. Heaphy (2003). <i>The Negro Leagues, 1869-1960</i>. McFarland & Company. p. 72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Negro+Leagues%2C+1869-1960&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Leslie+A.+Heaphy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nlbemuseum.com/history/players/stearnes.html">"Norman "Turkey" Stearns"</a>. Negro League Baseball Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norman+%22Turkey%22+Stearns&rft.pub=Negro+League+Baseball+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnlbemuseum.com%2Fhistory%2Fplayers%2Fstearnes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bak, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BHOF-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BHOF_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BHOF_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/stearnes-turkey">"Turkey Stearnes"</a>. Baseball Hall of Fame<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey+Stearnes&rft.pub=Baseball+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaseballhall.org%2Fhall-of-famers%2Fstearnes-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bak, pp. 94-95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/slugging_perc_career.shtml">"Career Leaders & Records for Slugging %"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i>. Sports Reference<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Career+Leaders+%26+Records+for+Slugging+%25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fleaders%2Fslugging_perc_career.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/batting_avg_career.shtml">"Career Leaders & Records for Batting Average"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i>. Sports Reference<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Career+Leaders+%26+Records+for+Batting+Average&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fleaders%2Fbatting_avg_career.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/onbase_perc_career.shtml">"Career Leaders & Records for On-Base %"</a>. <i>Baseball-Reference.com</i>. Sports Reference<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Career+Leaders+%26+Records+for+On-Base+%25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fleaders%2Fonbase_perc_career.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lapointe-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lapointe_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lapointe_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Lapointe1979" class="citation news cs1">Joe Lapointe (July 16, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-turkey-stearnes/127893713/">"A man in our midst still lives, breathes baseball"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. p. 1D – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=A+man+in+our+midst+still+lives%2C+breathes+baseball&rft.pages=1D&rft.date=1979-07-16&rft.au=Joe+Lapointe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press-turkey-stearnes%2F127893713%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Traughber2001" class="citation news cs1">Bill Traughber (July 27, 2001). "Turkey". <i>Nashville City Paper</i>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nashville+City+Paper&rft.atitle=Turkey&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2001-07-27&rft.au=Bill+Traughber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obit_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Lapointe1979" class="citation news cs1">Joe Lapointe (September 6, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-turkey-stearnes/127893789/">"Negro League star Turkey Stearnes, 78"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. p. 5A – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Negro+League+star+Turkey+Stearnes%2C+78&rft.pages=5A&rft.date=1979-09-06&rft.au=Joe+Lapointe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press-turkey-stearnes%2F127893789%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DFP2000-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DFP2000_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DFP2000_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Robinson2000" class="citation news cs1">Charles Robinson (July 21, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-turkey-stearnes/127894262/">"Legendary Stearnes finally gets his due: Induction caps 20-year campaign"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. pp. 1C, 8C – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Legendary+Stearnes+finally+gets+his+due%3A+Induction+caps+20-year+campaign&rft.pages=1C%2C+8C&rft.date=2000-07-21&rft.au=Charles+Robinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press-turkey-stearnes%2F127894262%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcaudio.com/podcasts/reclaimed-forgotten-league/">"Reclaimed: The Forgotten League Podcast"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reclaimed%3A+The+Forgotten+League+Podcast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcaudio.com%2Fpodcasts%2Freclaimed-forgotten-league%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bak1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bak1_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bak1_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Bak1994" class="citation book cs1">Richard Bak (1994). <i>Turkey Stearnes and the Detroit Stars</i>. Wayne State University Press. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+Stearnes+and+the+Detroit+Stars&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Richard+Bak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bak, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bak, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nettie-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nettie_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_A._Markewicz2000" class="citation news cs1">David A. Markewicz (March 1, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-late-stars-star-stea/127894412/">"Late Stars' star Stearnes makes local family proud"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. pp. 1D, 4D – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Late+Stars%27+star+Stearnes+makes+local+family+proud&rft.pages=1D%2C+4D&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.au=David+A.+Markewicz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press-late-stars-star-stea%2F127894412%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGene_Guidi2000" class="citation news cs1">Gene Guidi (July 24, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-turkey-stearnes-hof/127894205/">"A place in history for Sparky, Turkey"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. pp. 1A, 2A – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=A+place+in+history+for+Sparky%2C+Turkey&rft.pages=1A%2C+2A&rft.date=2000-07-24&rft.au=Gene+Guidi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press-turkey-stearnes-hof%2F127894205%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, Bill (2001). <i>The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract</i>. The Free Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-turkeys-day/129219930/">"Turkey's day"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. July 21, 2007. p. B1 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+day&rft.pages=B1&rft.date=2007-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press-turkeys-day%2F129219930%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-head-of-the-class/129220851/">"Head of the class"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. February 11, 2008. p. 2B – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Head+of+the+class&rft.pages=2B&rft.date=2008-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdetroit-free-press-head-of-the-class%2F129220851%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michigansportshof.org/inductee/turkey-stearns/">"Norman Thomas (Turkey) Stearnes"</a>. Michigan Sports Hall of Fame<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norman+Thomas+%28Turkey%29+Stearnes&rft.pub=Michigan+Sports+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmichigansportshof.org%2Finductee%2Fturkey-stearns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurice_Patton2020" class="citation news cs1">Maurice Patton (February 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean-state-hall-finally-calls/129220315/">"State Hall finally calls 'Turkey': Daughter says honor 'overdue'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Tennessean</i>. p. 2C – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=State+Hall+finally+calls+%27Turkey%27%3A+Daughter+says+honor+%27overdue%27&rft.pages=2C&rft.date=2020-02-16&rft.au=Maurice+Patton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-tennessean-state-hall-finally-calls%2F129220315%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Stein2019" class="citation news cs1">Steve Stein (September 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejewishnews.com/news/local/the-hank-greenberg-walk-of-heroes/article_d1df3e97-092a-5b62-8997-0485168c9247.html">"The Hank Greenberg Walk of Heroes"</a>. <i>The Detroit Jewish News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Detroit+Jewish+News&rft.atitle=The+Hank+Greenberg+Walk+of+Heroes&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.au=Steve+Stein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejewishnews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fthe-hank-greenberg-walk-of-heroes%2Farticle_d1df3e97-092a-5b62-8997-0485168c9247.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurkey+Stearnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/stearnes-turkey">Turkey Stearnes</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Career statistics from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/player/492584">MLB</a>, or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/steartu99.shtml">Baseball Reference</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/player.fcgi?id=stearn001tur">Baseball-Reference Black Baseball stats</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/player.php?playerID=stear01tur">Seamheads</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/steartu99.shtml">Turkey Stearnes managerial career statistics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/manager.php?playerID=stear01tur">Seamheads</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coe.k-state.edu/annex/nlbemuseum/history/players/stearnes.html">Negro Leagues Museum bio</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_Class_of_2000" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_Baseball_HOF" title="Template:2000 Baseball HOF"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_Baseball_HOF" title="Template talk:2000 Baseball HOF"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2000_Baseball_HOF" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2000 Baseball HOF"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_Class_of_2000" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> <a href="/wiki/2000_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting" title="2000 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting">Class of 2000</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Writers%27_Association_of_America" title="Baseball Writers' Association of America">BBWAA Vote</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Fisk" title="Carlton Fisk">Carlton Fisk</a> (79.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_P%C3%A9rez" title="Tony Pérez">Tony Pérez</a> (77.2%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Committee" title="Veterans Committee">Veterans Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sparky_Anderson" title="Sparky Anderson">Sparky Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid_McPhee" title="Bid McPhee">Bid McPhee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkey Stearnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/J._G._Taylor_Spink_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="J. G. Taylor Spink Award">J. G. Taylor Spink Award</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Lebovitz" title="Hal Lebovitz">Hal Lebovitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ford_C._Frick_Award" title="Ford C. Frick Award">Ford C. Frick Award</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Brennaman" title="Marty Brennaman">Marty Brennaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Template:Baseball Hall of Fame members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Template talk:Baseball Hall of Fame members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball Hall of Fame members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pitchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_Alexander" title="Grover Cleveland Alexander">Alexander</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Bender" title="Chief Bender">Bender</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bert_Blyleven" title="Bert Blyleven">Blyleven</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Brown" title="Mordecai Brown">M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Brown_(Negro_leagues_pitcher)" title="Ray Brown (Negro leagues pitcher)">R. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bunning" title="Jim Bunning">Bunning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Carlton" title="Steve Carlton">Carlton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Chesbro" title="Jack Chesbro">Chesbro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Clarkson" title="John Clarkson">Clarkson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Cooper" title="Andy Cooper">Cooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Coveleski" title="Stan Coveleski">Coveleski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Day" title="Leon Day">Day</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Dean" title="Dizzy Dean">Dean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Dihigo" title="Martín Dihigo">Dihigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Drysdale" title="Don Drysdale">Drysdale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Eckersley" title="Dennis Eckersley">Eckersley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Faber" title="Red Faber">Faber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Feller" title="Bob Feller">Feller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rollie_Fingers" title="Rollie Fingers">Fingers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Ford" title="Whitey Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Foster_(baseball)" title="Bill Foster (baseball)">B. Foster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pud_Galvin" title="Pud Galvin">Galvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gibson" title="Bob Gibson">B. Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Glavine" title="Tom Glavine">Glavine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lefty_Gomez" title="Lefty Gomez">Gomez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goose_Gossage" title="Goose Gossage">Gossage</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burleigh_Grimes" title="Burleigh Grimes">Grimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lefty_Grove" title="Lefty Grove">Grove</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Haines" title="Jesse Haines">Haines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Halladay" title="Roy Halladay">Halladay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Hoffman" title="Trevor Hoffman">Hoffman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waite_Hoyt" title="Waite Hoyt">Hoyt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hubbell" title="Carl Hubbell">Hubbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catfish_Hunter" title="Catfish Hunter">Hunter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Jenkins" title="Ferguson Jenkins">Jenkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Randy_Johnson" title="Randy Johnson">R. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Johnson" title="Walter Johnson">W. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Addie_Joss" title="Addie Joss">Joss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kaat" title="Jim Kaat">Kaat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Keefe" title="Tim Keefe">Keefe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Koufax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Lemon" title="Bob Lemon">Lemon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Lyons" title="Ted Lyons">Lyons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Maddux" title="Greg Maddux">Maddux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Marichal" title="Juan Marichal">Marichal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Marquard" title="Rube Marquard">Marquard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Pedro Martínez">P. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Mathewson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McGinnity" title="Joe McGinnity">McGinnity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M%C3%A9ndez" title="José Méndez">Méndez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Morris" title="Jack Morris">Morris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mussina" title="Mike Mussina">Mussina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Newhouser" title="Hal Newhouser">Newhouser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kid_Nichols" title="Kid Nichols">Nichols</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Niekro" title="Phil Niekro">Niekro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satchel_Paige" title="Satchel Paige">Paige</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Palmer" title="Jim Palmer">Palmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herb_Pennock" title="Herb Pennock">Pennock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Perry" title="Gaylord Perry">Perry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Plank" title="Eddie Plank">Plank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Radbourn" title="Charles Radbourn">Radbourn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rivera" title="Mariano Rivera">Rivera</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eppa_Rixey" title="Eppa Rixey">Rixey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Roberts_(baseball)" title="Robin Roberts (baseball)">Roberts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_Rogan" title="Bullet Rogan">Rogan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Ruffing" title="Red Ruffing">Ruffing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amos_Rusie" title="Amos Rusie">Rusie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Ryan" title="Nolan Ryan">Ryan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Seaver" title="Tom Seaver">Seaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Smith" title="Hilton Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Smith_(baseball)" title="Lee Smith (baseball)">L. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Smoltz" title="John Smoltz">Smoltz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Spahn" title="Warren Spahn">Spahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sutter" title="Bruce Sutter">Sutter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Sutton" title="Don Sutton">Sutton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dazzy_Vance" title="Dazzy Vance">Vance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Waddell" title="Rube Waddell">Waddell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Walsh" title="Ed Walsh">Walsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Welch" title="Mickey Welch">Welch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Wilhelm" title="Hoyt Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Joe_Williams" title="Smokey Joe Williams">J. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Willis" title="Vic Willis">Willis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Early_Wynn" title="Early Wynn">Wynn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cy_Young" title="Cy Young">Young</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bench" title="Johnny Bench">Bench</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Berra" title="Yogi Berra">Berra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bresnahan" title="Roger Bresnahan">Bresnahan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Campanella" title="Roy Campanella">Campanella</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Carter" title="Gary Carter">Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Cochrane" title="Mickey Cochrane">Cochrane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dickey" title="Bill Dickey">Dickey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_Ewing" title="Buck Ewing">Ewing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Ferrell" title="Rick Ferrell">Ferrell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Fisk" title="Carlton Fisk">Fisk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">J. Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabby_Hartnett" title="Gabby Hartnett">Hartnett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lombardi" title="Ernie Lombardi">Lombardi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biz_Mackey" title="Biz Mackey">Mackey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Mauer" title="Joe Mauer">Mauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Piazza" title="Mike Piazza">Piazza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Iván Rodríguez">Rodríguez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Santop" title="Louis Santop">Santop</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Schalk" title="Ray Schalk">Schalk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Simmons" title="Ted Simmons">T. Simmons</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cap_Anson" title="Cap Anson">Anson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bagwell" title="Jeff Bagwell">Bagwell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jake_Beckley" title="Jake Beckley">Beckley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bottomley" title="Jim Bottomley">Bottomley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Brouthers" title="Dan Brouthers">Brouthers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Cepeda" title="Orlando Cepeda">Cepeda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chance" title="Frank Chance">Chance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Connor" title="Roger Connor">Connor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Foxx" title="Jimmie Foxx">Foxx</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Gehrig" title="Lou Gehrig">Gehrig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_Greenberg" title="Hank Greenberg">Greenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Helton" title="Todd Helton">Helton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Hodges" title="Gil Hodges">Hodges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Kelly_(baseball)" title="George Kelly (baseball)">G. Kelly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harmon_Killebrew" title="Harmon Killebrew">Killebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_Leonard" title="Buck Leonard">Leonard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_McCovey" title="Willie McCovey">McCovey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_McGriff" title="Fred McGriff">McGriff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mize" title="Johnny Mize">Mize</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murray" title="Eddie Murray">Murray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_P%C3%A9rez" title="Tony Pérez">Pérez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Sisler" title="George Sisler">Sisler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mule_Suttles" title="Mule Suttles">Suttles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Taylor_(first_baseman,_born_1888)" title="Ben Taylor (first baseman, born 1888)">Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Terry" title="Bill Terry">Terry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thomas_(designated_hitter)" title="Frank Thomas (designated hitter)">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thome" title="Jim Thome">Thome</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Alomar" title="Roberto Alomar">Alomar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Biggio" title="Craig Biggio">Biggio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rod_Carew" title="Rod Carew">Carew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Collins" title="Eddie Collins">E. Collins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Doerr" title="Bobby Doerr">Doerr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Evers" title="Johnny Evers">Evers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Fox" title="Nellie Fox">Fox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Frisch" title="Frankie Frisch">Frisch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gehringer" title="Charlie Gehringer">Gehringer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gordon" title="Joe Gordon">Gordon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Herman" title="Billy Herman">Herman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Hornsby" title="Rogers Hornsby">Hornsby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nap_Lajoie" title="Nap Lajoie">Lajoie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lazzeri" title="Tony Lazzeri">Lazzeri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Mazeroski" title="Bill Mazeroski">Mazeroski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bid_McPhee" title="Bid McPhee">McPhee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Morgan" title="Joe Morgan">Morgan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">J. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ryne_Sandberg" title="Ryne Sandberg">Sandberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Schoendienst" title="Red Schoendienst">Schoendienst</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_Run_Baker" title="Home Run Baker">Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n_Beltr%C3%A9" title="Adrián Beltré">Beltré</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wade_Boggs" title="Wade Boggs">Boggs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Brett" title="George Brett">Brett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Collins" title="Jimmy Collins">J. Collins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Dandridge" title="Ray Dandridge">Dandridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judy_Johnson" title="Judy Johnson">J. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipper_Jones" title="Chipper Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Kell" title="George Kell">Kell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Lindstrom" title="Freddie Lindstrom">Lindstrom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Mathews" title="Eddie Mathews">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Molitor" title="Paul Molitor">Molitor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Robinson" title="Brooks Robinson">B. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Rolen" title="Scott Rolen">Rolen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Santo" title="Ron Santo">Santo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Schmidt" title="Mike Schmidt">Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pie_Traynor" title="Pie Traynor">Traynor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deacon_White" title="Deacon White">D. White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jud_Wilson" title="Jud Wilson">J. Wilson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shortstops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Aparicio" title="Luis Aparicio">Aparicio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luke_Appling" title="Luke Appling">Appling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Bancroft" title="Dave Bancroft">Bancroft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Banks" title="Ernie Banks">Banks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Boudreau" title="Lou Boudreau">Boudreau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cronin" title="Joe Cronin">Cronin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Davis_(baseball)" title="George Davis (baseball)">Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Travis_Jackson" title="Travis Jackson">T. Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hughie_Jennings" title="Hughie Jennings">Jennings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jeter" title="Derek Jeter">Jeter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Larkin" title="Barry Larkin">Larkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Lloyd" title="John Henry Lloyd">Lloyd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Maranville" title="Rabbit Maranville">Maranville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pee_Wee_Reese" title="Pee Wee Reese">Reese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cal_Ripken_Jr." title="Cal Ripken Jr.">Ripken Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Rizzuto" title="Phil Rizzuto">Rizzuto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sewell" title="Joe Sewell">Sewell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ozzie_Smith" title="Ozzie Smith">O. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Tinker" title="Joe Tinker">Tinker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Trammell" title="Alan Trammell">Trammell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arky_Vaughan" title="Arky Vaughan">Vaughan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Wagner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Wallace_(baseball)" title="Bobby Wallace (baseball)">Wallace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Montgomery_Ward" title="John Montgomery Ward">Ward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wells" title="Willie Wells">Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Yount" title="Robin Yount">Yount</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Brock" title="Lou Brock">Brock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Burkett" title="Jesse Burkett">Burkett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Clarke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Delahanty" title="Ed Delahanty">Delahanty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goose_Goslin" title="Goose Goslin">Goslin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chick_Hafey" title="Chick Hafey">Hafey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rickey_Henderson" title="Rickey Henderson">Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Monte_Irvin" title="Monte Irvin">Irvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kelley" title="Joe Kelley">Kelley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Kiner" title="Ralph Kiner">Kiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinie_Manush" title="Heinie Manush">Manush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Medwick" title="Joe Medwick">Medwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Mi%C3%B1oso" title="Minnie Miñoso">Miñoso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Musial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_O%27Rourke_(baseball)" title="Jim O'Rourke (baseball)">O'Rourke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Raines" title="Tim Raines">Raines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rice" title="Jim Rice">J. Rice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Simmons" title="Al Simmons">A. Simmons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Stargell" title="Willie Stargell">Stargell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zack_Wheat" title="Zack Wheat">Wheat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Williams" title="Billy Williams">B. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">T. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Yastrzemski" title="Carl Yastrzemski">Yastrzemski</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Center fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richie_Ashburn" title="Richie Ashburn">Ashburn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Averill" title="Earl Averill">Averill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cool_Papa_Bell" title="Cool Papa Bell">Bell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Brown" title="Willard Brown">W. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Carey" title="Max Carey">Carey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Charleston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Cobb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earle_Combs" title="Earle Combs">Combs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">DiMaggio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Doby" title="Larry Doby">Doby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Duffy" title="Hugh Duffy">Duffy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Griffey_Jr." title="Ken Griffey Jr.">Griffey Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hamilton_(baseball,_born_1866)" title="Billy Hamilton (baseball, born 1866)">Hamilton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hill" title="Pete Hill">Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mantle" title="Mickey Mantle">Mantle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Mays" title="Willie Mays">Mays</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Puckett" title="Kirby Puckett">Puckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edd_Roush" title="Edd Roush">Roush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Duke_Snider" title="Duke Snider">Snider</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tris_Speaker" title="Tris Speaker">Speaker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stearnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Torriente" title="Cristóbal Torriente">Torriente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Waner" title="Lloyd Waner">L. Waner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hack_Wilson" title="Hack Wilson">H. Wilson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Aaron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Clemente" title="Roberto Clemente">Clemente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Crawford" title="Sam Crawford">Crawford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kiki_Cuyler" title="Kiki Cuyler">Cuyler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Dawson" title="Andre Dawson">Dawson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Flick" title="Elmer Flick">Flick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Guerrero" title="Vladimir Guerrero">Guerrero</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gwynn" title="Tony Gwynn">Gwynn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Heilmann" title="Harry Heilmann">Heilmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hooper" title="Harry Hooper">Hooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Jackson" title="Reggie Jackson">R. Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Kaline" title="Al Kaline">Kaline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Keeler" title="Willie Keeler">Keeler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kelly" title="King Kelly">K. Kelly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Klein" title="Chuck Klein">Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_McCarthy_(baseball)" title="Tommy McCarthy (baseball)">T. McCarthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Oliva" title="Tony Oliva">Oliva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Ott" title="Mel Ott">Ott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rice" title="Sam Rice">S. Rice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Robinson" title="Frank Robinson">F. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Ruth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enos_Slaughter" title="Enos Slaughter">Slaughter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Thompson_(outfielder)" title="Sam Thompson (outfielder)">Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Walker" title="Larry Walker">Walker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Waner" title="Paul Waner">P. Waner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Winfield" title="Dave Winfield">Winfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Youngs" title="Ross Youngs">Youngs</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designated hitters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Baines" title="Harold Baines">Baines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Edgar Martínez">E. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Ortiz" title="David Ortiz">Ortiz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Managers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alston" title="Walter Alston">Alston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sparky_Anderson" title="Sparky Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Cox" title="Bobby Cox">Cox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Durocher" title="Leo Durocher">Durocher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Foster" title="Rube Foster">R. Foster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ned_Hanlon_(baseball)" title="Ned Hanlon (baseball)">Hanlon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Harris" title="Bucky Harris">Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Herzog" title="Whitey Herzog">Herzog</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miller_Huggins" title="Miller Huggins">Huggins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_La_Russa" title="Tony La Russa">La Russa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lasorda" title="Tommy Lasorda">Lasorda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Leyland" title="Jim Leyland">Leyland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_L%C3%B3pez" title="Al López">López</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack" title="Connie Mack">Mack</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McCarthy_(baseball_manager)" title="Joe McCarthy (baseball manager)">J. McCarthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_McGraw" title="John McGraw">McGraw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKechnie" title="Bill McKechnie">McKechnie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilbert_Robinson" title="Wilbert Robinson">W. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Selee" title="Frank Selee">Selee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Southworth" title="Billy Southworth">Southworth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Casey_Stengel" title="Casey Stengel">Stengel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Torre" title="Joe Torre">Torre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Weaver" title="Earl Weaver">Weaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Williams" title="Dick Williams">D. Williams</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives<br />and pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Barrow" title="Ed Barrow">Barrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Bulkeley" title="Morgan Bulkeley">Bulkeley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cartwright" title="Alexander Cartwright">Cartwright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(writer)" title="Henry Chadwick (writer)">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Chandler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Comiskey" title="Charles Comiskey">Comiskey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Candy_Cummings" title="Candy Cummings">Cummings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barney_Dreyfuss" title="Barney Dreyfuss">Dreyfuss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Fowler" title="Bud Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Frick" title="Ford Frick">Frick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Giles" title="Warren Giles">Giles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Gillick" title="Pat Gillick">Gillick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Grant_(baseball)" title="Frank Grant (baseball)">Grant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clark_Griffith" title="Clark Griffith">Griffith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will_Harridge" title="Will Harridge">Harridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hulbert" title="William Hulbert">Hulbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ban_Johnson" title="Ban Johnson">B. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bowie_Kuhn" title="Bowie Kuhn">Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis" title="Kenesaw Mountain Landis">Landis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_MacPhail" title="Larry MacPhail">La. MacPhail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_MacPhail" title="Lee MacPhail">Le. MacPhail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Effa_Manley" title="Effa Manley">Manley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Miller" title="Marvin Miller">Miller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_O%27Malley" title="Walter O'Malley">O'Malley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_O%27Neil" title="Buck O'Neil">O'Neil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Pompez" title="Alex Pompez">Pompez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Posey" title="Cumberland Posey">Posey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Rickey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Ruppert" title="Jacob Ruppert">Ruppert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schuerholz" title="John Schuerholz">Schuerholz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Selig" title="Bud Selig">Selig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Spalding" title="Albert Spalding">Spalding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Veeck" title="Bill Veeck">Veeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Weiss_(baseball)" title="George Weiss (baseball)">Weiss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sol_White" title="Sol White">S. White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._L._Wilkinson" title="J. L. Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(sportsman)" title="George Wright (sportsman)">G. Wright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Wright" title="Harry Wright">H. Wright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Yawkey" title="Tom Yawkey">Yawkey</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umpires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Barlick" title="Al Barlick">Barlick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Chylak" title="Nestor Chylak">Chylak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jocko_Conlan" title="Jocko Conlan">Conlan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connolly_(umpire)" title="Tom Connolly (umpire)">Connolly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Evans" title="Billy Evans">Evans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Harvey_(umpire)" title="Doug Harvey (umpire)">Harvey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cal_Hubbard" title="Cal Hubbard">Hubbard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Klem" title="Bill Klem">Klem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_McGowan" title="Bill McGowan">McGowan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_O%27Day" title="Hank O'Day">O'Day</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Detroit_Stars/Wolves/Clowns" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Detroit_Negro_league_baseball" title="Template:Detroit Negro league baseball"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Detroit_Negro_league_baseball" title="Template talk:Detroit Negro league baseball"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Detroit_Negro_league_baseball" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Detroit Negro league baseball"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Detroit_Stars/Wolves/Clowns" class="vcard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Detroit Stars/Wolves/Clowns</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Stars" title="Detroit Stars">Detroit Stars</a> (1919–1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Wolves" title="Detroit Wolves">Detroit Wolves</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_ABCs_(1931%E2%80%931933)#Detroit_Stars" title="Indianapolis ABCs (1931–1933)">Detroit Stars</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Stars_(1937)" title="Detroit Stars (1937)">Detroit Stars (1937)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93New_Orleans_Stars" title="Detroit–New Orleans Stars">Detroit Stars</a> (1954–1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93New_Orleans_Stars" title="Detroit–New Orleans Stars">Detroit Clowns</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93New_Orleans_Stars" title="Detroit–New Orleans Stars">Detroit Stars</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93New_Orleans_Stars" title="Detroit–New Orleans Stars">Detroit–New Orleans Stars</a> (1960–1961)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mack_Park" title="Mack Park">Mack Park</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamtramck_Stadium" title="Hamtramck Stadium">Hamtramck Stadium</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hall of Fame inductees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cool_Papa_Bell" title="Cool Papa Bell">Cool Papa Bell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Brown_(Negro_leagues_pitcher)" title="Ray Brown (Negro leagues pitcher)">Ray Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Oscar Charleston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Cooper" title="Andy Cooper">Andy Cooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hill" title="Pete Hill">Pete Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M%C3%A9ndez" title="José Méndez">José Méndez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkey Stearnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mule_Suttles" title="Mule Suttles">Mule Suttles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wells" title="Willie Wells">Willie Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Joe_Williams" title="Smokey Joe Williams">Smokey Joe Williams</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1919_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1919 Detroit Stars season">1919</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1920_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1920 Detroit Stars season">1920</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1921_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1921 Detroit Stars season">1921</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1922 Detroit Stars season">1922</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1923 Detroit Stars season">1923</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1924_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1924 Detroit Stars season">1924</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1925_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1925 Detroit Stars season">1925</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1926_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1926 Detroit Stars season">1926</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1927_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1927 Detroit Stars season">1927</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1928_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1928 Detroit Stars season">1928</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1929_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1929 Detroit Stars season">1929</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1930_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1930 Detroit Stars season">1930</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1931_Detroit_Stars_season" title="1931 Detroit Stars season">1931</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1932_Detroit_Wolves_season" title="1932 Detroit Wolves season">1932</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_Detroit_Stars_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 Detroit Stars season (page does not exist)">1933</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Detroit_Stars_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Detroit Stars season (page does not exist)">1937</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negro_league_baseball_batting_champions_(1920–1948)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Negro_league_baseball_batting_champions" title="Template:Negro league baseball batting champions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Negro_league_baseball_batting_champions" title="Template talk:Negro league baseball batting champions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Negro_league_baseball_batting_champions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Negro league baseball batting champions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negro_league_baseball_batting_champions_(1920–1948)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_batting_champions#Negro_leagues" title="List of Major League Baseball batting champions">Negro league baseball batting champions (1920–1948)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Torriente" title="Cristóbal Torriente">Torriente</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Charleston</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Johnson_(baseball)" title="Oscar Johnson (baseball)">Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Johnson_(baseball)" title="Oscar Johnson (baseball)">Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Biz_Mackey" title="Biz Mackey">Mackey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">ECL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Dreke" title="Valentín Dreke">Dreke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Charleston</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">ECL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Wesley" title="Edgar Wesley">Wesley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Charleston</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">ECL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Mule_Suttles" title="Mule Suttles">Suttles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Martin_Dihigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Dihigo">Dihigo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">ECL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Red_Parnell" title="Red Parnell">Parnell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Jud_Wilson" title="Jud Wilson">J. Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">ECL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Mule_Suttles" title="Mule Suttles">Suttles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Jud_Wilson" title="Jud Wilson">J. Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">ECL</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Chino_Smith" title="Chino Smith">Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Negro_League" title="American Negro League">ANL</a>) & <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stearnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Willie_Wells" title="Willie Wells">Wells</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stearnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">NNL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Lundy_(baseball)" title="Dick Lundy (baseball)">Lundy</a> (<a href="/wiki/East-West_League" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West League">EWL</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Leroy_Morney" title="Leroy Morney">Morney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_Southern_League_(1920%E2%80%931936)" title="Negro Southern League (1920–1936)">NSL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Jabbo_Andrews" title="Jabbo Andrews">Andrews</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Burbage" title="Buddy Burbage">Burbage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Buck_Leonard" title="Buck Leonard">Leonard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Gibson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Gibson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Carter" title="Elmer Carter">Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Buck_Leonard" title="Buck Leonard">Leonard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Donald_Reeves" title="Donald Reeves">Reeves</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Gibson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Henry_Turner_(baseball)" title="Henry Turner (baseball)">Turner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1940: <a href="/wiki/Monte_Irvin" title="Monte Irvin">Irvin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Riddle" title="Marshall Riddle">Riddle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1941: <a href="/wiki/Monte_Irvin" title="Monte Irvin">Irvin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Cowan_Hyde" title="Cowan Hyde">Hyde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1942: <a href="/wiki/Lennie_Pearson" title="Lennie Pearson">Pearson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Ted_Strong" title="Ted Strong">Strong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Tetelo_Vargas" title="Tetelo Vargas">Vargas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Alex_Radcliffe" title="Alex Radcliffe">Radcliffe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Harvey_(baseball)" title="Bob Harvey (baseball)">Harvey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Artie_Wilson" title="Artie Wilson">A. Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Campanella" title="Roy Campanella">Campanella</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Ed_Steele" title="Ed Steele">Steele</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Monte_Irvin" title="Monte Irvin">Irvin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Archie_Ware" title="Archie Ware">Ware</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kimbro" title="Henry Kimbro">Kimbro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Willard_Brown" title="Willard Brown">Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Artie_Wilson" title="Artie Wilson">A. Wilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">NAL</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Lester_Lockett" title="Lester Lockett">Lockett</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">NNL2</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&oldid=1256446934">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&oldid=1256446934</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1901_births" title="Category:1901 births">1901 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1979_deaths" title="Category:1979 deaths">1979 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_sportsmen" title="Category:20th-century African-American sportsmen">20th-century African-American sportsmen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_expatriate_baseball_players_in_Cuba" title="Category:American expatriate baseball players in Cuba">American expatriate baseball players in Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_players_from_Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Category:Baseball players from Nashville, Tennessee">Baseball players from Nashville, Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chicago_American_Giants_players" title="Category:Chicago American Giants players">Chicago American Giants players</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Detroit_Stars_(1937)_players" title="Category:Detroit Stars (1937) players">Detroit Stars (1937) players</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Detroit_Stars_players" title="Category:Detroit Stars players">Detroit Stars players</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kansas_City_Monarchs_players" title="Category:Kansas City Monarchs players">Kansas City Monarchs players</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leopardos_de_Santa_Clara_players" title="Category:Leopardos de Santa Clara players">Leopardos de Santa Clara players</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_Lincoln_Giants_players" title="Category:New York Lincoln Giants players">New York Lincoln Giants players</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="Category:National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees">National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philadelphia_Stars_players" title="Category:Philadelphia Stars players">Philadelphia Stars players</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 November 2024, at 23:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkey_Stearnes&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gflb9","wgBackendResponseTime":212,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.563","walltime":"0.754","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4067,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":169401,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5663,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":128836,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 570.174 1 -total"," 60.79% 346.591 4 Template:Infobox"," 34.99% 199.531 1 Template:Infobox_baseball_biography"," 30.58% 174.383 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.00% 96.912 11 Template:Cite_web"," 12.28% 70.001 2 Template:Navbox"," 11.80% 67.300 1 Template:2000_Baseball_HOF"," 10.23% 58.345 2 Template:Short_description"," 6.74% 38.413 2 Template:Delink"," 6.59% 37.557 13 Template:Infobox_baseball_biography/style"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.309","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10209028,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-r2wfs","timestamp":"20241122190451","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Turkey Stearnes","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey_Stearnes","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7855097","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7855097","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-01T04:32:14Z","dateModified":"2024-11-09T23:51:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a2\/Turkey_Stearnes.png","headline":"American Hall of Fame baseball player (1901\u20131979)"}</script> </body> </html>