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class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 人机之间信息的结构与界面滑移 <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 4060 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-11-19 10:15</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=40841&do=blog&classid=180124&view=me">2024</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=40841&catid=1">科研笔记</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;">一、<span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: ">人机之间信息的结构可以有不同的表征</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: "></span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: transparent; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible;">人机之间的信息结构可以有不同的表征方式，这些表征方式通常与信息的来源、处理方式及应用场景密切相关。具体来说，</span><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: transparent; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible;">态结构</strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: transparent; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible;">、</span><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: transparent; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible;">势结构</strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: transparent; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible;">、</span><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: transparent; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible;">感结构</strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: transparent; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible;">和</span><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: transparent; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible;">知结构</strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: transparent; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND); letter-spacing: 0.034em; visibility: visible;">代表了信息在不同层面上的表达方式，涵盖了从实时感知到长远推理的各个层次。</span></p><p><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">1. 态结构</strong></span></p><p>态结构是指信息以系统状态的形式进行表征。它描述了某一时刻系统的当前状态，以及系统内部或外部条件的相关变量。态结构通常是静态的，依赖于当前环境或系统的状态。如传感器读取到的数据、系统配置等都可以构成态结构。在自动控制、机器人、游戏等领域，态结构用于描述和表示系统在特定时刻的状态，并基于此做出决策。一个自动驾驶汽车的态结构可能包括车辆的位置、速度、周围环境的障碍物信息等。机器人可以根据当前的态结构（如当前位置、方向、速度）来调整运动轨迹。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">2. 势结构</strong></span></p><p>势结构是指信息以趋势或倾向的方式进行表征，它侧重于描述系统或环境中信息的变化方向、模式或未来的可能发展。势结构强调时间维度和动态变化。势结构通常依赖于历史数据、趋势分析或模式识别。它表示的是事物的潜在发展趋势，而非单一的瞬时状态。在预测、决策支持、智能推荐等领域，势结构用于基于历史和现有数据来预测未来发展方向或潜在的变化。股市分析软件可能根据过去的股市趋势（如上涨或下跌的速度和幅度）来预测未来某只股票的表现趋势，从而形成势结构。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">3. 感结构</strong></span></p><p>感结构是指基于感知系统所获取的感官信息进行表征。它处理的是来自外部世界的感知输入，并将这些感知信息转换为系统能够理解和处理的格式。感结构通常基于多种感官数据，如视觉、听觉、触觉等，并通过感知处理模块将这些原始数据转换为有意义的信息。它关注的是环境中物体、事件和现象的实时反馈。感结构广泛应用于计算机视觉、语音识别、机器人感知等领域。这些系统通过感知外部世界，形成对环境的理解和反应。自动驾驶汽车的感结构包括来自激光雷达、摄像头和传感器的数据，用于识别周围的行人、车辆、交通标志等。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">4. 知结构</strong></span></p><p><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 17px;">知结构是指基于知识和规则进行的信息表征方式。它通常涉及到结构化的知识库、逻辑推理规则、经验模型等，旨在支持复杂的推理、决策和学习过程。知结构通常依赖于大量的领域知识和规则，它能够</span>支持推理、问题求解和复杂的认知任务。知结构不仅仅是静态的事实，还可以包含推理过程和解决方案。知结构在专家系统、人工智能推理、诊断系统等领域得到广泛应用。它通过组织和表达知识，帮助系统解决问题并做出高层次的决策。一个医疗诊断系统的知结构包含医学领域的各种知识、规则和经验（如症状与疾病之间的关联），通过推理引擎来帮助医生作出诊断决策。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/19/101227r6396l69tiu6pzi9.jpg" title="" alt="无标题11.jpg"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这些信息结构可以互相补充和交织使用，帮助系统在不同层次上进行感知、决策和推理。根据具体的应用需求，系统可能会同时使用多种信息表征方式来处理复杂的任务。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;">二、人机界面是由数据与知识、事实与价值联合驱动的</span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">人机界面是人类与机器系统之间的交互平台，它不仅仅是技术和数据的展现，更是人与机器之间沟通和协作的桥梁，具体涉及到两大核心层面：认知层面（数据与知识）和伦理层面（事实与价值）。这两个层面共同作用，决定了人机界面的设计、交互方式及其在实际应用中的效果。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">1. 数据与知识联合驱动</span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">人机界面需要依赖数据和知识来实现与用户的有效互动：（1）数据是信息的原材料，是机器理解环境、做出决策和进行反馈的基础。在人机界面中，数据通常以图形、文字、声音等形式展现给用户，使得用户能够实时了解机器的状态、环境变化、系统反馈等信息。例如，在医疗设备的HMI中，传感器采集的生理数据（如心率、血压等）通过界面呈现给医生，用于支持诊断和治疗决策。（2）知识则是在大量数据的基础上，通过分析、归纳、学习和推理形成的模式、规则或经验。在人机界面中，知识不仅仅是数据的展现，它还涉及如何根据数据做出有效的判断和决策。以智能助手为例，系统通过学习用户的偏好和行为模式，将“数据”转化为对用户有价值的“知识”，并通过界面向用户推荐个性化的信息或建议。这两者的结合在界面设计中非常关键，数据提供了信息的基础，而知识则为数据提供了意义和上下文，从而提高交互的智能性和有效性。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">2. 事实与价值联合驱动</span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">人机界面不仅是一个技术工具，它还深刻地与人类的价值观、社会规范以及伦理问题相关。事实与价值的结合反映了机器在做出决策或反馈时，如何考虑实际情况和用户的需求、文化背景及伦理准则。（1）事实是指客观的、基于现实的情况。例如，机器收集到的传感器数据、用户输入的命令等，都可以被视作事实。事实是可以量化的，它提供了机器判断的基础。但事实本身是中立的，不能直接决定行为。（2）价值则是人类社会、文化和个体的主观判断，它引导人机系统的目标设定和行为规范。例如，在医疗、法律等领域，人机界面不仅要考虑数据的准确性，还要充分考虑伦理、隐私、偏见等价值因素。例如，AI在医疗诊断中需要兼顾医学事实（如症状和病历）与道德价值（如病人隐私、知情同意等）。随着人工智能和自动化技术的应用不断深入，人机界面中的价值驱动越来越重要，尤其是在涉及安全、健康、社会责任等敏感问题时。机器不仅需要理解和处理事实数据，还需要遵循特定的价值观念，以确保决策过程符合伦理和社会责任要求。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3. 数据、知识、事实和价值的交织作用</span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在实际应用中，数据与知识和事实与价值是相互交织的。在设计人机界面时，需要综合考虑这两大方面的要求。在决策支持系统中需要依赖大量的事实数据（例如市场趋势、消费者行为、环境变化等）来进行分析和预测，同时也必须融合用户的需求、偏好、法律规定、伦理规范等价值判断，以做出适合的建议。在医疗或法律领域，人机界面不仅需要展示实时的患者健康数据或案件事实，还需要根据医学伦理、法律规定等价值驱动系统的反馈和建议。例如，AI辅助诊断时，系统不仅要依赖症状数据和医学知识做出推断，还要尊重患者的知情同意权，保证隐私安全。在自动驾驶领域，自动驾驶车辆的系统依赖数据（如交通标志、车速、道路状况）和知识（如道路规则、车辆性能），同时也需要考虑安全、环境保护、社会规范等价值驱动，来保证系统的决策符合社会的长远利益。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">未来的人机界面将不再只是一个技术层面的工具，它深深植根于数据、知识、事实和价值的交互中。数据与知识联合驱动确保了系统具有智能性和有效性，能够根据输入的信息做出准确的响应。而事实与价值联合驱动则确保了系统的决策不仅仅基于客观的现实条件，也考虑到社会、伦理和文化层面的因素，避免技术决策带来的不良后果。因此，设计高效、智能、道德的HMI系统，需要综合考虑这些多重因素，使人机交互更具深度、更具人性化，满足技术、社会和伦理的双重需求。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px;">三、人机边界层的滑移条件</span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">人机边界层的滑移条件是一个跨学科的概念，通常用于描述在人机交互、控制系统和人工智能等领域中，人的行为与机器系统之间的界面如何相互作用，以及在何种情况下这些交互出现"滑移"现象（即机器对人类行为的反应出现偏差或误差）。这一概念涉及到心理学、人工智能、控制理论和人机工程学等多个学科。具体来说，滑移条件指的是在什么样的情境下，人的指令或行为与机器系统的响应不完全匹配，或者机器的自主性和决策能力超出人类预期，从而引发潜在的风险或不确定性。在更具体的技术领域中，以下几种情况可能会触及“滑移条件”。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">在人机交互领域，滑移条件可能指的是人类和机器系统之间的反馈不对称，导致使用者对系统响应产生误解或控制困难。输入与反馈之间的延迟，即当人类输入指令后，机器的反馈出现延迟，可能导致使用者误操作或丧失对系统的控制感。过度自动化的情况，机器系统过度自主并做出决策时，可能与人类操作员的预期不符，造成操作员失去控制或决策不一致的现象。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">在自动化系统或机器学习应用中，滑移条件常常是指系统的自主性超出了设计的预期，导致自动化的机器或算法做出不合适的决策或行动。这种情况在无人驾驶、工业自动化、军事AI等领域尤为关键。滑移条件的出现可能是由于数据不一致或偏差，机器学习模型可能基于不完全或有偏的数据做出不正确的判断，从而偏离人类设计的目标；环境变化，当机器所处的环境发生变化时（例如无人驾驶汽车遇到极端天气），现有的算法可能不能有效应对，导致操作系统的响应不符合人类的期望。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">在控制理论中，滑移条件常常与滑模控制（sliding mode control, SMC）相关。滑模控制是一种鲁棒控制方法，设计目标是在系统状态接近一个理想轨迹或滑模面时，保证系统的稳定性。这里的滑移条件是指当系统状态满足某些条件时，控制输入将迫使系统沿着滑模面滑移，从而实现目标。滑模面与人机协作，在一些自动化与控制系统中，如果机器系统的行为过于偏离设定的轨迹，就可能导致与人类操作员的意图不一致，产生滑移。状态变化，在具有高度自适应性或反馈的系统中，操作员的输入可能导致系统状态发生不稳定的变化，从而触发“滑移”现象。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">随着机器学习、人工智能的快速发展，人机边界的滑移还涉及到伦理、决策透明度和安全性等方面。在自动化系统的设计中，如何确保机器的决策过程符合人类的伦理标准和预期，是一个亟待解决的问题。如决策偏差，当AI系统在决策过程中未能准确理解人类的价值观或伦理标准，导致机器的行为或决策与人类期望不一致，可能会引发伦理和社会责任问题。失控风险，如果人工智能系统做出超出控制者预期的决策或行为，可能导致不符合人类意图的后果，形成“滑移”现象。</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">"人机边界层的滑移条件"是一个多维度的概念，可以描述人类与机器之间互动的各类问题，特别是在自主性、决策、控制和反馈等方面。为了避免滑移现象，研究者和工程师在设计人机系统时需要考虑如何减少系统的不确定性、提高机器与人类之间的协调性，同时确保机器的决策过程对人类是可理解的、可预测的，并且遵循伦理和安全规范。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/19/101405kdjod7bq7ogoub79.jpg" title="" 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