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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-Saharan_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Sub-Saharan Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Near_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Near_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Near East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Near_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Medieval history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bed_sizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bed_sizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bed sizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bed_sizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Frames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bed</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 114 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peuratah" title="Peuratah – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Peuratah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed" title="Bed – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bed" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bett" title="Bett – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bett" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سرير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leito" title="Leito – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Leito" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="বিচনা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিচনা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cama" title="Cama – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cama" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupa" title="Tupa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tupa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arpay%C4%B1" title="Çarpayı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çarpayı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="বিছানা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিছানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhn%CC%82g" title="Chhn̂g – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Карауат – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Карауат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ложак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ложак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ложак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ложак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="पलंग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पलंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katre" title="Katre – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Katre" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Легло – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Легло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwele" title="Gwele – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwele" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llit" title="Llit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Путмар – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Путмар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postel" title="Postel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Postel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubhedha" title="Mubhedha – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mubhedha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwely" title="Gwely – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwely" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng" title="Seng – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Seng" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bett" title="Bett – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bett" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3stola" title="Póstola – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Póstola" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voodi" title="Voodi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Voodi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Κρεβάτι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρεβάτι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAt" title="Lêt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lêt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cama" title="Cama – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cama" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lito" title="Lito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohe" title="Ohe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ohe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="تختخواب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تختخواب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit_(mobilier)" title="Lit (mobilier) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lit (mobilier)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AAd" title="Bêd – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bêd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaba" title="Leaba – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leaba" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cama" title="Cama – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cama" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%A8%EB%8C%80" title="침대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="침대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gado" title="Gado – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gado" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Մահճակալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մահճակալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="पलंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पलंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81o%C5%BEo" title="Łožo – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Łožo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postelja" title="Postelja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Postelja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjang" title="Ranjang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ranjang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAm_(h%C3%BAsgagn)" title="Rúm (húsgagn) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúm (húsgagn)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letto" title="Letto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Letto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%94" title="מיטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhipan" title="Dhipan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhipan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಹಾಸಿಗೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಾಸಿಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3%C5%BCk%C3%B2" title="Łóżkò – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Łóżkò" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitanda" title="Kitanda – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitanda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabann" title="Kabann – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kabann" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niv%C3%AEn" title="Nivîn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nivîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectus" title="Lectus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lectus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulta" title="Gulta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gulta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bett" title="Bett – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bett" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lova" title="Lova – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lova" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magavosija" title="Magavosija – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Magavosija" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecc" title="Lecc – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lecc" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gy" title="Ágy – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ágy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кревет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кревет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="കട്ടിൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കട്ടിൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katil" title="Katil – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Katil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯐꯃꯨꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐꯃꯨꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACng-ch%C3%B2ng" title="Mìng-chòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mìng-chòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed" title="Bed – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berre" title="Berre – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Berre" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओछ्यान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओछ्यान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="खाता – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="खाता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%89" title="ベッド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベッド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng" title="Seng – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Seng" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng" title="Seng – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Seng" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyit" title="Lyit – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Lyit" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A1" title="ਬੈੱਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੈੱਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3%C5%BCko" title="Łóżko – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łóżko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cama" title="Cama – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cama" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat" title="Pat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawitu" title="Kawitu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawitu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Кровать – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кровать" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krevati" title="Krevati – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Krevati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettu" title="Lettu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lettu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed" title="Bed – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bed" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پلنگ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پلنگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poste%C4%BE" title="Posteľ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Posteľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postelja" title="Postelja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Postelja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%94" title="Ложє – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ложє" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sariir" title="Sariir – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sariir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%88" title="تەختی خەو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەختی خەو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кревет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кревет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krevet" title="Krevet – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krevet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risbang" title="Risbang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Risbang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuode" title="Vuode – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vuode" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4ng" title="Säng – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Säng" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kama" title="Kama – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கட்டில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asgen" title="Asgen – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asgen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="เตียง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เตียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Тахти хоб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тахти хоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%A9e%C5%A1e-st%C3%B4tse" title="Šéeše-stôtse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Šéeše-stôtse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatak" title="Yatak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yatak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1gbaat" title="A̱gbaat – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱gbaat" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ліжко – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліжко" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Piece of furniture used as a place to sleep or relax</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bed_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bed (disambiguation)">Bed (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_(11).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg/325px-2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg/488px-2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg/650px-2008-04-12_Freilichtmuseum_Detmold_%2811%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="1940" /></a><figcaption>Bedroom on the <a href="/wiki/Detmold_Open-air_Museum" title="Detmold Open-air Museum">Detmold Open-air Museum</a> premises</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>bed</b> is an item of <a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a> that is used as a place to <a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">sleep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lying_(position)" title="Lying (position)">rest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Relaxation_(psychology)" title="Relaxation (psychology)">relax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most modern beds consist of a soft, cushioned <a href="/wiki/Mattress" title="Mattress">mattress</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Bed_frame" title="Bed frame">bed frame</a>. The mattress rests either on a solid <a href="/wiki/Bed_base" title="Bed base">base</a>, often wood slats, or a sprung base. Many beds include a <a href="/wiki/Box-spring" title="Box-spring">box spring inner-sprung base</a>, which is a large mattress-sized box containing wood and springs that provide additional support and suspension for the mattress. Beds are available in many sizes, ranging from infant-sized <a href="/wiki/Bassinet" title="Bassinet">bassinets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infant_bed" title="Infant bed">cribs</a>, to small beds for a single person or adult, to large queen and king-size beds designed for two people. While most beds are single mattresses on a fixed frame, there are other varieties, such as the <a href="/wiki/Murphy_bed" title="Murphy bed">murphy bed</a>, which folds into a wall, the <a href="/wiki/Sofa_bed" title="Sofa bed">sofa bed</a>, which folds out of a sofa, the <a href="/wiki/Trundle_bed" title="Trundle bed">trundle bed</a>, which is stored under a low, twin-sized bed and can be rolled out to create a larger sleeping area, and the <a href="/wiki/Bunk_bed" title="Bunk bed">bunk bed</a>, which provides two mattresses on two tiers as well as a ladder to access the upper tier. Temporary beds include the inflatable <a href="/wiki/Air_mattress" title="Air mattress">air mattress</a> and the folding <a href="/wiki/Camp_cot" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp cot">camp cot</a>. Some beds contain neither a padded mattress nor a bed frame, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">hammock</a>. Other beds are made specifically <a href="/wiki/Animal_furniture" title="Animal furniture">for animals</a>. </p><p>Beds may have a <a href="/wiki/Headboard_(furniture)" title="Headboard (furniture)">headboard</a> for resting against, and may have side rails and footboards. "Headboard only" beds may incorporate a "dust ruffle", "bed skirt", or "valance sheet" to hide the bed frame. To support the head, a <a href="/wiki/Pillow" title="Pillow">pillow</a> made of a soft, padded material is usually placed on the top of the mattress. Some form of covering <a href="/wiki/Blanket" title="Blanket">blanket</a> is often used to insulate the sleeper, often <a href="/wiki/Bed_sheet" title="Bed sheet">bed sheets</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Quilt" title="Quilt">quilt</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Duvet" title="Duvet">duvet</a>, collectively referred to as <a href="/wiki/Bedding" title="Bedding">bedding</a>. Bedding is the removable non-furniture portion of a bed, which enables these components to be washed or aired out. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bed_in_hotel_room_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bed_in_hotel_room_5.jpg/220px-Bed_in_hotel_room_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bed_in_hotel_room_5.jpg/330px-Bed_in_hotel_room_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Bed_in_hotel_room_5.jpg/440px-Bed_in_hotel_room_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="3036" /></a><figcaption>Modern day beds</figcaption></figure> <p>In Europe, mattresses were stuffed with straw, chaff, animal hair (for instance <a href="/wiki/Horsehair" title="Horsehair">horsehair</a>, used for its resilience), coarse wool, or <a href="/wiki/Down_feather" title="Down feather">down feathers</a>, and stacked, softest topmost. This pile of mattresses, and the sheets, blanket, and pillows, was what early Europeans called a "bed"; it might be packed away during the day (a usage which survives in words like <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/featherbed" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:featherbed">featherbed</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Bedframe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedframe">bedframe</a>, even when present, supported the bed, but was not considered part of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Havard_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Havard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 674–5 vol1">: 674–5 vol1 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bed_base#Wooden_slats" title="Bed base">Later innovations</a> made bedframes more portable, and increased their importance.<sup id="cite_ref-Havard_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Havard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 481vol3">: 481vol3 </span></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 674vol1">: 674vol1 </span></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 675–6 vol1">: 675–6 vol1 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bed_base" title="Bed base">Bed base</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3></div> <p>In August 2020 scientists reported the discovery of the oldest grass bedding from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">at least 200,000 years ago</a>, much older than the oldest previously known bedding. They speculate that <a href="/wiki/List_of_pest-repelling_plants" title="List of pest-repelling plants">insect-repellent plants</a> and ash layers, sometimes due to burned older grass beddings, found beneath the bedding have been used for a dirt-free, insulated base and to keep away <a href="/wiki/Arthropods" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropods">arthropods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tutankhamun%27s_bed_(Cairo_Museum).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg/220px-Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg/330px-Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg/440px-Tutankhamun%27s_bed_%28Cairo_Museum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>'s gilded bed from the 14th century BC, a bier from his tomb, fashioned to resemble the goddess <a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a>, the fierce lioness who was the protector of the kings in life and death, Cairo Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>Early beds were little more than piles of <a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">straw</a> or some other natural material (e.g. a heap of palm leaves, animal skins, or dried <a href="/wiki/Bracken" title="Bracken">bracken</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important change was raising them off the ground, to avoid drafts, dirt, and pests.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="no citation and also lacking specifics of time/place (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Miocene_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Miocene period">Miocene period</a>, lasting from twenty-three to five million years ago, before the emergence of humans, apes began creating beds composed of a sleeping platform including a wooden <a href="/wiki/Pillows" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillows">pillow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Geographic_News_2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Geographic_News_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sub-Saharan_Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</h4></div> <p>Bedding dated around to 3600 BC was discovered in <a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a>, South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Wadley2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wadley2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bedding consists of <a href="/wiki/Sedges" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedges">sedge</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">monocotyledons</a> topped with the leaves of <i><a href="/wiki/Cryptocarya_woodii" title="Cryptocarya woodii">Cryptocarya woodii</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wadley2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wadley2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skara_Brae-maison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Skara_Brae-maison.jpg/220px-Skara_Brae-maison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Skara_Brae-maison.jpg/330px-Skara_Brae-maison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Skara_Brae-maison.jpg/440px-Skara_Brae-maison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>These stone boxes in <a href="/wiki/Skara_Brae" title="Skara Brae">Skara Brae</a> are thought to have held bedding. The stone-built settlement was inhabited between <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3180 <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a> to about <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2500 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>Beds found in a preserved northern Scottish village, which were raised boxes made of stone and likely topped with comfortable fillers, were dated to between 3200 BC and 2200 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Epic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic poem">epic poem</a>, describes the bed of its protagonist, <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>, and explains that he crafted the bed for himself and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope">Penelope</a>, out of a huge <a href="/wiki/Olive_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive tree">olive tree</a> trunk that used to grow on the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-Grethlein_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grethlein-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem's author, <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, also mentions the inlaying of the woodwork of the bed with <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grethlein_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grethlein-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Mattresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattresses">mattresses</a> were stuffed with <a href="/wiki/Reed_(plant)" title="Reed (plant)">reeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>. <a href="/wiki/Feathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Feathers">Feathers</a> were used towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a>, when custom demanded luxury. Small cushions were placed at the head and sometimes at the back. The bedsteads were high and could only be ascended by the help of steps. They were often arranged for two people, and had a board or railing at the back, as well as the raised portion at the head. The counterpanes were sometimes very costly, generally <a href="/wiki/Imperial_purple" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial purple">purple</a> embroidered with figures in <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>; and rich hangings fell to the ground masking the front. The bedsteads themselves were often of bronze inlaid with silver, and <a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a> had one of solid silver. In the walls of some houses at <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> bed niches are found which were probably closed by curtains or sliding partitions. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Romans">Ancient Romans</a> had various kinds of beds for repose. These included: </p> <ul><li><i>lectus cubicularis</i>, or chamber bed, for normal sleeping</li> <li><i>lectus genialis</i>, the marriage bed, it was much decorated, and was placed in the <a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">atrium</a> opposite the <a href="/wiki/Door" title="Door">door</a></li> <li><i>lectus discubitorius</i>, or table bed, on which they ate—for they ate while lying on their left sides—there usually being three people to one bed, with the middle place accounted the most honorable position</li> <li><i>lectus lucubratorius</i>, for studying</li> <li>and a <i>lectus funebris</i>, or <i>emortualis</i>, on which the dead were carried to the <a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">pyre</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The Greeks and Romans were also having their meals in bed. They would recline on one side and reach out to pick up food from a nearby table.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Near_East">Near East</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a> had high bedsteads which were ascended by steps, with bolsters or <a href="/wiki/Pillow" title="Pillow">pillows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Curtain" title="Curtain">curtains</a> to hang around.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elite of Egyptian society such as its pharaohs and queens even had beds made of wood, sometimes gilded. Often there was a head-rest as well, semi-cylindrical and made of <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancient Assyrians, <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a> had beds of a similar kind, and frequently decorated their furniture with inlays or appliques of metal, <a href="/wiki/Mother-of-pearl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother-of-pearl">mother-of-pearl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes,_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.,37.435E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg/220px-Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg/330px-Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg/440px-Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes%2C_ca._1539-1190_B.C.E.%2C37.435E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>Headrest with two images of the god <a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1539</span>–1190 BC, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_history">Medieval history</h3></div> <p>In the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> they laid <a href="/wiki/Carpets" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpets">carpets</a> on the floor or on a <a href="/wiki/Bench_(furniture)" title="Bench (furniture)">bench</a> against the wall, placed upon them were mattresses stuffed with <a href="/wiki/Feathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Feathers">feathers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">hair</a>, and used skins as a covering. Curtains were hung from the ceiling or from an <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> arm projecting from the wall.<sup id="cite_ref-furniturestyles1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-furniturestyles1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They appear to have generally lain <a href="/wiki/Naked" class="mw-redirect" title="Naked">naked</a> in bed, wrapping themselves in large <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a> sheets which were stretched over the cushions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg/220px-Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg/330px-Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg/440px-Southampton_Medieval_Merchant%27s_House_bedroom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Southampton <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Merchant%27s_House" title="Medieval Merchant's House">Medieval Merchant's House</a> bedroom</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 12th century, luxury increased and bedsteads were made of wood much decorated with inlaid, carved, and painted ornamentation. They also used folding beds, which served as couches by day and had cushions covered with silk laid upon <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>. At night a linen sheet was spread and pillows placed, while silk-covered skins served as coverlets. The <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscripts">manuscripts</a> show metal bedsteads much higher at the head than at the feet, and this shape continued in use until the 13th century in France, many cushions being added to raise the body to a sloping position. In 12th-century manuscripts, the bedsteads appear much richer, with inlays, carving, and painting, and with embroidered coverlets and mattresses in harmony. Curtains were hung above the bed and a small hanging <a href="/wiki/Oil_lamp" title="Oil lamp">lamp</a> is often shown.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 14th century the woodwork became of less importance, generally being entirely covered by hangings of rich materials. <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</a>, and even cloth of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> were frequently used. Inventories from the beginning of the 14th century give details of these hangings lined with <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a> and richly embroidered. It was then that the <a href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">Four poster bed</a> (also known as a <i>tester bed</i>) made its first appearance, the bed being slung from the ceiling or fastened to the walls, a form which developed later into a room within a room, shut in by double curtains, sometimes even to exclude all drafts. The space between the bed and the wall was called the <i>ruelle</i>, and very intimate friends were received there. The 14th century was also the time when feather beds became highly prized possessions.<sup id="cite_ref-furniturestyles1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-furniturestyles1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beds in aristocratic residences can be distinguished by enclosed curtains, these beds would have mattresses and pillows that were filled with feathers. Sheets were made of linen and blankets of wool. Rails attached to the beds would be for hanging clothes or to hold candles. In less wealthy houses, the bed would be made of three planks and a mattress made of dried heather or fern, they would sleep with a single sheet and an old blanket.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 15th century beds became very large, reaching 7 to 8 feet (2.1 to 2.4 m) by 6 to 7 feet (1.8 to 2.1 m). The mattresses were often filled with pea-shucks, straw, or feathers. At this time great personages were in the habit of carrying most of their property about with them, including beds and <a href="/wiki/Bed_hangings" title="Bed hangings">bed hangings</a>, and for this reason the bedsteads were for the most part mere frameworks to be covered up; but about the beginning of the 16th century bedsteads were made lighter and more decorative, since the lords remained in the same place for longer periods.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history"><span class="anchor" id="Chambre_de_parade"></span>Modern history</h3></div> <p>In the 17th century, which has been called "the century of magnificent beds", the style <i>à la duchesse</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">tester</a> and curtains only at the head, replaced the more enclosed beds in France, though they lasted much longer in England. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> had an enormous number of sumptuous beds, as many as 413 being described in the inventories of his palaces. Some of them had embroideries enriched with <a href="/wiki/Pearls" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearls">pearls</a>, and figures on a silver or golden ground. The great bed at <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a> had crimson velvet curtains on which "The Triumph of Venus" was embroidered. So much gold was used that the <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</a> scarcely showed. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg/220px-Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg/330px-Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg/440px-Compi%C3%A8gne_Ch%C3%A2teau_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s bed (château de Compiègne)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 18th century feather pillows were first used as coverings in Germany, which in the fashions of the bed and the curious etiquette connected with the bedchamber followed France for the most part. The beds were <i>a la duchesse</i>, but in France itself there was great variety both of name and shape. The custom of the "<a href="/wiki/Lit_de_justice" title="Lit de justice">bed of justice</a>" upon which the <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">king of France</a> reclined when he was present in <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Princes" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes">princes</a> being seated, the great officials standing, and the lesser officials kneeling, was held to denote the royal power even more than the <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a> is credited with its first use and the custom lasted until the end of the <a href="/wiki/French_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="French monarchy">monarchy</a>. In the <i>chambre de parade</i>, where the ceremonial bed was placed, certain persons, such as <a href="/wiki/Ambassadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassadors">ambassadors</a> or great <a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">lords</a>, whom it was desired to honour, were received in a more intimate fashion than the crowd of <a href="/wiki/Courtiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtiers">courtiers</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a> women received their friends in their beds, both before and after <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>, during periods of <a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">mourning</a>, and even directly after <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>—in fact in any circumstances which were thought deserving of congratulation or condolence. During the 17th century this curious custom became general, perhaps to avoid the tiresome details of etiquette. Portable beds were used in high society in France until the end of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i>. The earliest of which mention has been found belonged to <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles the Bold</a>. They had curtains over a light framework, and were in their way as fine as the stationary beds. </p><p>Iron beds appear in the 18th century; the <a href="/wiki/Advertisements" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertisements">advertisements</a> declare them as free from the <a href="/wiki/Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects">insects</a> which sometimes infested wooden bedsteads. Elsewhere, there was also the closed bed with sliding or folding shutters, and in England—where beds were commonly quite simple in form—the <a href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">four poster</a> was the usual citizen's bed until the middle of the 19th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bed_sizes">Bed sizes</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_10_feet_high_ancient_bed_in_National_Museum_of_Bangladesh_collected_from_Lohagara,Narail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/A_10_feet_high_ancient_bed_in_National_Museum_of_Bangladesh_collected_from_Lohagara%2CNarail.jpg/220px-A_10_feet_high_ancient_bed_in_National_Museum_of_Bangladesh_collected_from_Lohagara%2CNarail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/A_10_feet_high_ancient_bed_in_National_Museum_of_Bangladesh_collected_from_Lohagara%2CNarail.jpg/330px-A_10_feet_high_ancient_bed_in_National_Museum_of_Bangladesh_collected_from_Lohagara%2CNarail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/A_10_feet_high_ancient_bed_in_National_Museum_of_Bangladesh_collected_from_Lohagara%2CNarail.jpg/440px-A_10_feet_high_ancient_bed_in_National_Museum_of_Bangladesh_collected_from_Lohagara%2CNarail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A 10 feet (3.0 m) high ancient bed at the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Museum" title="Bangladesh National Museum">Bangladesh National Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bed_size" title="Bed size">Bed size</a></div> <p>Bed sizes vary considerably around the world, with most countries having their own standards and terminology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_examples">Notable examples</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bed_of_Ware.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bed_of_Ware.jpg/220px-Bed_of_Ware.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bed_of_Ware.jpg/330px-Bed_of_Ware.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bed_of_Ware.jpg/440px-Bed_of_Ware.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Bed_of_Ware" title="Great Bed of Ware">Great Bed of Ware</a>, one of the largest beds in the world</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the largest beds in the world is the <a href="/wiki/Great_Bed_of_Ware" title="Great Bed of Ware">Great Bed of Ware</a>, made in about 1580. It is 3.26 metres (10.7 ft) wide, 3.38 metres (11.1 ft) long. The bed is mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i>. It is now in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> (V&A) in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. Another bed in the V&A is the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bed" title="Golden Bed">Golden Bed</a> created by <a href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</a> in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-VABed_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VABed-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1882, <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Bahawalpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab of Bahawalpur">Nawab of Bahawalpur</a> <a href="/wiki/Sadeq_Mohammad_Khan_IV" title="Sadeq Mohammad Khan IV">Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abassi IV</a> had a bed made of dark wood ornamented with 290 kilograms (640 lb) of sterling silver. At each corner of the bed there was a life-sized bronze statue of a naked woman holding a fan. When the Nawab lay on the bed, his weight started a mechanism that made the women wave their fans and started a music box playing selections from <a href="/wiki/Faust_(opera)" title="Faust (opera)">Gounod's Faust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1865, a convertible bed in the form of an <a href="/wiki/Upright_piano" class="mw-redirect" title="Upright piano">upright piano</a> was available, which could provide home entertainment while saving space.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Beds" title="Category:Beds">Category:Beds</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bed" title="Special:EditPage/Bed">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_(14).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG/220px-Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG/330px-Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG/440px-Warsaw_Royal_Castle_GM_%2814%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1862" data-file-height="2482" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Polish_bed" title="Polish bed">Lit à la polonaise</a></i> (Polish style bed),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Castle,_Warsaw" title="Royal Castle, Warsaw">Royal Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, 18th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarahgoodebed.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sarahgoodebed.gif/220px-Sarahgoodebed.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Sarahgoodebed.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent #322,177</a>, on 14 July 1885 issued to <a href="/wiki/Sarah_E._Goode" title="Sarah E. Goode">Sarah E. Goode</a> for a cabinet bed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg/220px-Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg/330px-Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg/440px-Trauerger%C3%BCst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of a candle-lit mourning bed (<i>Trauergerüst</i>) for abbess Franziska Christine von Pfalz-Sulzbach, 1776</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daughter%27s_bed,_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG/220px-Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG/330px-Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG/440px-Daughter%27s_bed%2C_Shikumen_Open_House_Museum_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Chinese style beds</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many varieties of beds: </p> <ul><li>An <a href="/wiki/Adjustable_bed" title="Adjustable bed">adjustable bed</a> is a bed that can be adjusted to a number of different positions. Most hospital beds are adjustable, so that a patient can have different parts of their body elevated for medical reasons. Some people have adjustable beds in private homes. Some adjustable beds are designed for couples; they use two separate mattresses and adjustment mechanisms. This permits one partner to be lying flat to sleep while the other has the head and shoulders elevated to watch television or read. Couple adjustable beds also permit partners with different medical conditions to select a mattress positioning that best suits them.</li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Air_mattress" title="Air mattress">air bed</a> uses an air-inflated mattress, sometimes connected to an electric air pump and having variable, firmness controls. The portable version of an air bed can also be rolled up and packed; so is meant for travel or temporary guest use.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Bassinet" title="Bassinet">bassinet</a> is a bed specifically for newborns.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Box-bed" title="Box-bed">box-bed</a> is a bed having the form of a large box with wooden roof, sides, and ends, opening in front with two sliding panels or shutters; often used in cottages in Scotland: sometimes also applied to a bed arranged to fold up into a box.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Bed_frame#Brass_beds" title="Bed frame">brass bed</a> has a frame constructed from brass. A brass-plated bed is a cheaper bed of iron with a thin covering of brass, which with time peels off and the iron is exposed.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Bunk_bed" title="Bunk bed">bunk bed</a> is two or more beds one atop the other. Bunk beds are used for adults in military barracks and in some ski lodges. Bunk beds are used for children and teens in summer camps. Some inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">hostels</a> provide bunk beds for guests. Bunk beds are used for children in private homes.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Bunk_bed#loft_bed" title="Bunk bed">loft bed</a> is similar to a bunk bed, except there is no lower bunk. This leaves space underneath for storage, other furniture, a desk etc.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Captain%27s_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain's bed">captain's bed</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (also known as a "captain bed", "chest bed", or "cabin bed") is a platform bed with drawers and storage compartments built in underneath.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Camp_bed" title="Camp bed">camp bed</a> (also "cot", in American English) is a simple, temporary, portable bed used by armies and by campers. Camp beds are also used to provide a sleeping surface for <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people during disasters, floods, or other crises.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Canopy_bed" title="Canopy bed">canopy bed</a> is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">four poster bed</a>, but the posts usually extend higher and are adorned or draped with cloth, sometimes completely enclosing the bed. Examples include the <i><a href="/wiki/Polish_bed" title="Polish bed">lit à la polonaise</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Lit_a_la_turque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lit a la turque">lit a la turque</a></i>.</li> <li>A curtained bed is a luxury bed with curtains.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Daybed" title="Daybed">daybed</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Couch" title="Couch">couch</a> that is used as a seat by day and as a bed by night. Usually it has pop up trundle which is used as bed in the night.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">futon</a> is a traditional style of Japanese bed using a mattress on a wooden frame. Futons are also available in a larger Western style which can fold halfway for sitting. Futons were traditionally made with cotton, but in the 2000s, many futons include synthetic foam.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">four poster bed</a> is a bed with four posts, one in each corner, that support a <a href="/wiki/Four_poster_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Four poster bed">tester</a>.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">hammock</a> is a piece of suspended fabric or netting, used on ships and in some homes.</li> <li>A hideaway bed, invented by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_E._Goode" title="Sarah E. Goode">Sarah E. Goode</a> in response to the needs of apartment-dwellers, folds up into another piece of furniture, such as a shelf or desk, when not in use.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Hospital_bed" title="Hospital bed">hospital bed</a> is specifically designed to facilitate <a href="/wiki/Convalescence" title="Convalescence">convalescence</a>, traditionally in a <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nursing_home" title="Nursing home">nursing facility</a>, but increasingly in other settings, such as a private residence. Hospital beds are typically adjustable, so that the head or feet can be raised or lowered. Modern hospital beds commonly have wheels to assist in moderate relocation, but they are larger and generally more permanently placed than a <a href="/wiki/Gurney" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurney">trolley (US: gurney)</a>. The "hospital bed" is also a common unit of measurement for the capacity of any type of inpatient medical facility, though it is just as common to shorten the term to "bed" in that usage (e.g. <i>The hospital has 250 beds...</i>).</li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Infant_bed" title="Infant bed">infant bed</a> (also "crib" or "cot") is a small bed specifically for <a href="/wiki/Baby" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby">babies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">infants</a>.</li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Bed_frame#Iron_beds" title="Bed frame">iron bed</a>, developed in the 1850s, is constructed of iron and steel.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Kang_bed-stove" title="Kang bed-stove">kang bed-stove</a> is a Chinese ceramic room heater used as the platform for a bed.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Charpai" title="Charpai">Charpai</a> is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjabi</a> bed made of tied ropes bordered by a wooden frame.</li> <li>A mourning bed ("illustration") is a formal canopied bed, with the deceased, a wax effigy, or symbols of rank.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Murphy_bed" title="Murphy bed">Murphy bed</a> or wallbed is a bed that can fold up into a wall or cabinet to save space.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Ottoman_bed"></span>An <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman bed">Ottoman bed</a> (in the UK) is a type of storage bed in which the storage area is placed underneath the mattress base and accessed by lifting the hinged mattress frame with the help of a spring or hydraulic mechanism.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Pallet_(furniture)" title="Pallet (furniture)">pallet</a> is a thin, lightweight mattress.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Platform_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform bed">platform bed</a> is a mattress resting on a solid, flat raised surface, either free-standing or part of the structure of the room.</li> <li>A roll-away bed is a bed whose frame folds in half and rolls in order to be more easily stored and moved. This is used in different settings, including <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotels</a> for either free or a nominal fee per night, where more people than expected may need to sleep in the same room, e.g. 5 people in a hotel room for 4 (two twin beds).</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Rope_bed" title="Rope bed">rope bed</a> has a wooden frame within which crossing ropes, which may support a straw- or down-filled single mattress. See <a href="/wiki/Charpai" title="Charpai">charpai</a>.</li> <li>A slat bed is a <a href="/wiki/Flatpack" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatpack">flatpack</a> bed with wooden slats for the bedbase.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Sofabed" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofabed">sofabed</a> ("pull-out" or "pull-out bed") is a folding bed that is stored inside a <a href="/wiki/Couch" title="Couch">sofa</a>. Sofa beds are also called "convertibles" and "hideaways."</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">state bed</a> developed in Early Modern Europe from a hieratic canopy of state.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Toddler_bed" title="Toddler bed">toddler bed</a> is a small bed for young children.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Trundle_bed" title="Trundle bed">trundle bed</a> or "truckle bed" is a bed usually stored beneath another bed during the day. They have been in use for centuries. In the modern era they are sometimes referred to as a "sleepover bed" or "daybed with pop up trundle."</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/John_Houghtaling" title="John Houghtaling">vibrating bed</a> (also known as a <i>Magic Fingers</i> bed) is typically a coin-operated novelty found in a vintage (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1960s</span>-early 1980s) motel. For a nominal fee, the mattress vibrates for a duration of time. Alternatively it is a modern bed which vibrates by use of an off-centre motor. It is controlled by electronics for varying time and amplitude settings and is used therapeutically to ease back pains or as an erotic aid.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Waterbed" title="Waterbed">waterbed</a> is a flexible plastic mattress full of water. The plastic container needs a strong frame around it.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frames">Frames</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bed_frame" title="Bed frame">Bed frame</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bed_frame" title="Bed frame">Bed frames</a>, also called bed steads, are made of wood or metal. The frame is made up of head, foot, and side rails. For heavy duty or larger frames (such as for queen- and king-sized beds), the bed frame also includes a center support rail. The rails are assembled to create a box for the mattress or mattress/box spring to sit on. </p><p>Types include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platform_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform bed">platform</a> – typically used without a box spring.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_bed" title="Storage bed">captain or storage </a>– has drawers beneath the frame to make use of the space between the floor and the bed frame.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbed" title="Waterbed">waterbed</a> – a heavy-duty frame built specifically to support the weight of the water in the mattress. (Mainly used on larger models)</li></ul> <p>Although not truly parts of a bed frame, headboards, footboards, and bed rails can be included in the definition. <a href="/wiki/Headboard_(furniture)" title="Headboard (furniture)">Headboards</a> and footboards can be wood or metal. They can be stained, painted, or covered in fabric or leather. </p><p>Bed rails are made of wood or metal and are attached to a headboard and footboard. Wooden slats are placed perpendicular to the bed rails to support the mattress/mattress box spring. Bed rails and frames are often attached to the bed post using knock-down fittings.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A knock-down fitting enables the bed to be easily dismantled for removal. Primary knock-down fittings for bed rails are as follows: </p> <ul><li>Pin-and-hook fastener. A <a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">mortise</a> or slot is cut vertically in the bedpost. Pins are inserted horizontally in the bed post so that the pins perpendicularly intersect the mortise. For example, if one looked in the mortise, one might see part of one horizontal pin at the bottom of the mortise and a part of a second pin toward the top of the mortise. Hooks are installed at the end of the rail. Usually these hooks are part of a plate that is attached to the rail. The hooks then are inserted into the bed post mortise and hook over the pins.</li> <li>Plate-and-hook fastener. Instead of pins inserted horizontally into the bedpost, an eye plate (post plate) is installed on the bedpost. The hooks are installed on the rail, either as surface mount or recessed. Depending on the hardware, the bedpost may require a mortise in order to allow the hooks to fasten to the plate. This is also referred to as a keyhole fastener, especially if the connector is more of a "plug" than a "hook".</li> <li>Bed bolts ("through-bolts"), are a different means of a knock-down connection. A hole is typically drilled through the bedpost. The bolt head is inset and covered with a plug. In the rail, a dowel nut or other type of nut receives the bolt. The springs are made from metal, which are swirled for maximum comfort</li></ul> <p>Safety rails, or <a href="/wiki/Cot_sides" class="mw-redirect" title="Cot sides">cot sides</a>, can be added to the sides of a bed (normally a child or elderly person's bed) to stop anyone falling out of the sides of the bed.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A safety rail is normally a piece of wood that attaches to the side rails, on one or both sides of the bed. They are made so that they can be easily removed when no longer required. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bed-In" class="mw-redirect" title="Bed-In">Bed-In</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-sleeping" title="Co-sleeping">Co-sleeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_bag" title="Sleeping bag">Sleeping bag</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/BEd">"Bed"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Skara+Brae+%E2%80%93+The+Furniture&rft.pub=orkneyjar.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orkneyjar.com%2Fhistory%2Fskarabrae%2Ffurniture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grethlein-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grethlein_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grethlein_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrethlein2020" class="citation journal cs1">Grethlein, Jonas (12 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/odysseus-and-his-bed-from-significant-objects-to-thing-theory-in-homer/CCC22E64A7158507DDFE91BA50827D58">"Odysseus and His Bed: From Significant Objects to Thing Theory in Homer"</a>. <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>. <b>69</b> (2): 467–482. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009838820000063">10.1017/S0009838820000063</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216372888">216372888</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929170626/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/abs/odysseus-and-his-bed-from-significant-objects-to-thing-theory-in-homer/CCC22E64A7158507DDFE91BA50827D58">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Odysseus+and+His+Bed%3A+From+Significant+Objects+to+Thing+Theory+in+Homer&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=467-482&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009838820000063&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216372888%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Grethlein&rft.aufirst=Jonas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fclassical-quarterly%2Farticle%2Fodysseus-and-his-bed-from-significant-objects-to-thing-theory-in-homer%2FCCC22E64A7158507DDFE91BA50827D58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambers1728" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Chambers" title="Ephraim Chambers">Chambers, Ephraim</a>, ed. (1728). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/A4C5AV6Q7LZ5DY8E/pages/A7DYK3Y773HNZR8U">"Bed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cyclop%C3%A6dia,_or_an_Universal_Dictionary_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences">Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences</a></i> (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al. p. 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bed&rft.btitle=Cyclop%C3%A6dia%2C+or+an+Universal+Dictionary+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.pages=94&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=James+and+John+Knapton%2C+et+al&rft.date=1728&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.library.wisc.edu%2Fdigital%2FA4C5AV6Q7LZ5DY8E%2Fpages%2FA7DYK3Y773HNZR8U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150424070121/http://www.futoncreations.com/reference.html">"BED"</a>. History of Science and Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.futoncreations.com/reference.html">the original</a> on 24 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BED&rft.pub=History+of+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.futoncreations.com%2Freference.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/11r0zFtJX7qr8FWHt9mS1GR/13-facts-about-the-history-of-the-bed">"13 facts about the history of the bed"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713065956/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/11r0zFtJX7qr8FWHt9mS1GR/13-facts-about-the-history-of-the-bed">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=13+facts+about+the+history+of+the+bed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Farticles%2F11r0zFtJX7qr8FWHt9mS1GR%2F13-facts-about-the-history-of-the-bed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1910" class="citation book cs1">Chisholm, Hugh (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gL9p3Qh-qFIC&q=The+Egyptians+had+high+bedsteads+which+were+ascended+by+steps,+with+bolsters+or+pillows,+and+curtains+to+hang+around."><i>The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information</i></a>. At the University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+Britannica%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Arts%2C+Sciences%2C+Literature+and+General+Information&rft.pub=At+the+University+Press&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Chisholm&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgL9p3Qh-qFIC%26q%3DThe%2BEgyptians%2Bhad%2Bhigh%2Bbedsteads%2Bwhich%2Bwere%2Bascended%2Bby%2Bsteps%2C%2Bwith%2Bbolsters%2Bor%2Bpillows%2C%2Band%2Bcurtains%2Bto%2Bhang%2Baround.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmardzewski2015" class="citation book cs1">Smardzewski, Jerzy (18 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IeDyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7"><i>Furniture Design</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-19533-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-19533-9"><bdi>978-3-319-19533-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603030432/https://books.google.com/books?id=IeDyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Furniture+Design&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015-06-18&rft.isbn=978-3-319-19533-9&rft.aulast=Smardzewski&rft.aufirst=Jerzy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIeDyCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714182240/http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/4039/Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes">"Headrest with Two Images of the God Bes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/4039/Headrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes">the original</a> on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Headrest+with+Two+Images+of+the+God+Bes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynmuseum.org%2Fopencollection%2Fobjects%2F4039%2FHeadrest_with_Two_Images_of_the_God_Bes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-furniturestyles1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-furniturestyles1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-furniturestyles1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127042721/http://www.furniturestyles.net/medieval/">"Medieval Furniture & Home Decor"</a>. furniturestyles.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.furniturestyles.net/medieval/">the original</a> on 27 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medieval+Furniture+%26+Home+Decor&rft.pub=furniturestyles.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.furniturestyles.net%2Fmedieval%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimer2009" class="citation book cs1">Mortimer, Ian (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/timetravellersgu0000mort_p5o4/page/164/mode/2up?q=bed"><i>The Time Traveller's Guide to Medieval England: A Handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century</i></a>. London: Vintage. pp. 160–161, 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845950996" title="Special:BookSources/9781845950996"><bdi>9781845950996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Time+Traveller%27s+Guide+to+Medieval+England%3A+A+Handbook+for+Visitors+to+the+Fourteenth+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pages=160-161%2C+165&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781845950996&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftimetravellersgu0000mort_p5o4%2Fpage%2F164%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dbed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VABed-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VABed_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O61210/the-golden-bed-bed-burges-william/">"The Golden Bed"</a>. Victoria and Albert Museum. 21 March 1879. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130629102118/http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O61210/the-golden-bed-bed-burges-william/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Bed&rft.pub=Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft.date=1879-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO61210%2Fthe-golden-bed-bed-burges-william%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndependent2015" class="citation web cs1">Independent (24 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/indias-royal-riches-the-maharajas-opulent-lifestyle-1782721.html">"India's royal riches: The maharajas' opulent lifestyle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">Independent.co.uk</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730222927/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/indias-royal-riches-the-maharajas-opulent-lifestyle-1782721.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=India%27s+royal+riches%3A+The+maharajas%27+opulent+lifestyle&rft.date=2015-09-24&rft.au=Independent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fart%2Ffeatures%2Findias-royal-riches-the-maharajas-opulent-lifestyle-1782721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooklyn_Museum" class="citation web cs1">Brooklyn Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028102710/http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/1808/Convertible_Bed_in_Form_of_Upright_Piano">"Decorative Arts: Convertible Bed in Form of Upright Piano"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/1808/Convertible_Bed_in_Form_of_Upright_Piano">the original</a> on 28 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decorative+Arts%3A+Convertible+Bed+in+Form+of+Upright+Piano&rft.au=Brooklyn+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynmuseum.org%2Fopencollection%2Fobjects%2F1808%2FConvertible_Bed_in_Form_of_Upright_Piano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301005810/http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=7106">"Bed (Lit à la Polonaise)"</a>. getty.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=7106">the original</a> on 1 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bed+%28Lit+%C3%A0+la+Polonaise%29&rft.pub=getty.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getty.edu%2Fart%2Fgettyguide%2FartObjectDetails%3Fartobj%3D7106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/captains+bed?s=t">"Captain's bed"</a>. Dictionary.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085356/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/captains+bed?s=t">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Captain%27s+bed&rft.pub=Dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fcaptains%2Bbed%3Fs%3Dt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060312175925/http://www.whitechapel-ltd.com/hist/bed_hardware.shtml">"Historical Guide: Bed Hardware"</a>. whitechapel-ltd.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitechapel-ltd.com/hist/bed_hardware.shtml">the original</a> on 12 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Guide%3A+Bed+Hardware&rft.pub=whitechapel-ltd.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitechapel-ltd.com%2Fhist%2Fbed_hardware.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415014132/http://www.home-improvement-and-financing.com/bed-rail-fastener.html">"Bed Rail Fastener Options"</a>. home-improvement-and-financing.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.home-improvement-and-financing.com/bed-rail-fastener.html">the original</a> on 15 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bed+Rail+Fastener+Options&rft.pub=home-improvement-and-financing.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.home-improvement-and-financing.com%2Fbed-rail-fastener.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sleepcompare.com/bed-frames/best-platform-bed-frames/#Bed_Safety_Rails">"Bed Safety Rails"</a>. sleepcompare.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116085410/https://sleepcompare.com/bed-frames/best-platform-bed-frames/#Bed_Safety_Rails">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bed+Safety+Rails&rft.pub=sleepcompare.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsleepcompare.com%2Fbed-frames%2Fbest-platform-bed-frames%2F%23Bed_Safety_Rails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bedding" title="Template talk:Bedding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bedding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bedding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bedding" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bedding" title="Bedding">Bedding</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adult <a class="mw-selflink selflink">beds</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Bed_size" title="Bed size">bed sizes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banig" title="Banig">Banig</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box-bed" title="Box-bed">Box-bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunk_bed" title="Bunk bed">Bunk bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage_bed" title="Cage bed">Cage bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_bed" title="Rope bed">Rope bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_bed" title="Camp bed">Camp bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopy_bed" title="Canopy bed">Canopy bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daybed" title="Daybed">Daybed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-poster_bed" title="Four-poster bed">Four-poster bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">Futon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">Hammock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_bed" title="Hospital bed">Hospital bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_bed-stove" title="Kang bed-stove"><i>Kang</i> bed-stove</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lit_%C3%A0_la_Turque" title="Lit à la Turque">Lit à la Turque</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunk_bed" title="Bunk bed">Loft bed</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charpai" title="Charpai">Charpai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_bed" title="Murphy bed">Murphy bed</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petate" title="Petate">Petate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed_base" title="Bed base">Platform bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_bed" title="Polish bed">Polish bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleigh_bed" title="Sleigh bed">Sleigh bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofa_bed" title="Sofa bed">Sofa bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trundle_bed" title="Trundle bed">Trundle bed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infant beds<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassinet" title="Bassinet">Bassinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_(bed)" title="Cradle (bed)">Cradle (bed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_bed" title="Infant bed">Infant bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toddler_bed" title="Toddler bed">Toddler bed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bed components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bed_frame" title="Bed frame">Bed frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed_sheet" title="Bed sheet">Bed sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed_skirt" title="Bed skirt">Bed skirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cot_side" title="Cot side">Cot side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed_frame" title="Bed frame">Footboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headboard_(furniture)" title="Headboard (furniture)">Headboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mattress" title="Mattress">Mattresses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_mattress" title="Air mattress">Air mattress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_mat" title="Cambodian mat">Cambodian mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick_mattress" title="Tick mattress">Tick mattress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahjong_mat" title="Mahjong mat">Mahjong mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattress_pad" title="Mattress pad">Mattress pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattress_protector" title="Mattress protector">Mattress protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_foam" title="Memory foam">Memory foam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_mattress" title="Orthopedic mattress">Orthopedic mattress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbed" title="Waterbed">Waterbed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bed_base" title="Bed base">Bed bases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box-spring" title="Box-spring">Box-spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunkie_board" title="Bunkie board">Bunkie board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_bed" title="Storage bed">Storage bed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blanket" title="Blanket">Blankets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_(blanket)" title="Afghan (blanket)">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comforter" title="Comforter">Comforter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvet" title="Duvet">Duvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvet_cover" title="Duvet cover">Duvet cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_blanket" title="Electric blanket">Electric blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_point_blanket" title="Hudson's Bay point blanket">Hudson's Bay point blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizhnyk" title="Lizhnyk">Lizhnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchwork_quilt" title="Patchwork quilt">Patchwork quilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_blanket" title="Photo blanket">Photo blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilt" title="Quilt">Quilt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Razai" title="Razai">Razai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_object" title="Comfort object">Security blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_comforter" title="Silk comforter">Silk comforter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_bag" title="Sleeping bag">Sleeping bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeved_blanket" title="Sleeved blanket">Sleeved blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weighted_blanket" title="Weighted blanket">Weighted blanket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pillow" title="Pillow">Pillows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupressure" title="Acupressure">Acupressure pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_wife" title="Bamboo wife">Bamboo wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolster" title="Bolster">Bolster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contour_leg_pillow" title="Contour leg pillow">Contour leg pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushion" title="Cushion">Cushion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dakimakura" title="Dakimakura">Dakimakura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_pillow" title="Eye pillow">Eye pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_pillow" title="Orthopedic pillow">Orthopedic pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillow#Sex_pillows" title="Pillow">Sex pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_pillow" title="Speaker pillow">Speaker pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw_pillow" title="Throw pillow">Throw pillow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bed_warmer" title="Bed warmer">Bed warmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couch" title="Couch">Couch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightstand" title="Nightstand">Nightstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_fort" title="Blanket fort">Blanket fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bedding" title="Category:Bedding">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bedding" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bedding">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sleep_and_sleep_disorders" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sleep" title="Template:Sleep"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sleep" title="Template talk:Sleep"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sleep" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sleep"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sleep_and_sleep_disorders" class="nowrap" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">Sleep</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sleep_disorder" title="Sleep disorder">sleep disorders</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stages of <a href="/wiki/Sleep_cycle" title="Sleep cycle">sleep cycles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist nowrapitems" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep" title="Rapid eye movement sleep">Rapid eye movement (REM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep" title="Non-rapid eye movement sleep">Quiescent sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow-wave_sleep" title="Slow-wave sleep">Slow-wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electroencephalography" title="Electroencephalography">Brain waves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist nowrapitems" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_wave" title="Alpha wave">Alpha wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_wave" title="Beta wave">Beta wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_wave" title="Delta wave">Delta wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_wave" title="Gamma wave">Gamma wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-complex" title="K-complex">K-complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_wave" title="Mu wave">Mu rhythm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGO_waves" title="PGO waves">PGO waves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorimotor_rhythm" title="Sensorimotor rhythm">Sensorimotor rhythm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_spindle" title="Sleep spindle">Sleep spindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_wave" title="Theta wave">Theta wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sleep_disorder" title="Sleep disorder">Sleep disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist nowrapitems" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology" title="Oral and maxillofacial pathology">Anatomical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruxism" title="Bruxism">Bruxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth_breathing" title="Mouth breathing">Mouth breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_apnea" title="Sleep apnea">Sleep apnea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catathrenia" title="Catathrenia">Catathrenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_hypoventilation_syndrome" title="Central hypoventilation syndrome">Central hypoventilation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_hypoventilation_syndrome" title="Obesity hypoventilation syndrome">Obesity hypoventilation syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea" title="Obstructive sleep apnea">Obstructive sleep apnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_breathing" title="Periodic breathing">Periodic breathing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoring" title="Snoring">Snoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dyssomnia" title="Dyssomnia">Dyssomnia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excessive_daytime_sleepiness" title="Excessive daytime sleepiness">Excessive daytime sleepiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersomnia" title="Hypersomnia">Hypersomnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">Insomnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleine%E2%80%93Levin_syndrome" title="Kleine–Levin syndrome">Kleine–Levin syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcolepsy" title="Narcolepsy">Narcolepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia" title="Idiopathic hypersomnia">Idiopathic hypersomnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_eating_syndrome" title="Night eating syndrome">Night eating syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturia" title="Nocturia">Nocturia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_state_misperception" title="Sleep state misperception">Sleep state misperception</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height: 1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm_sleep_disorder" title="Circadian rhythm sleep disorder">Circadian rhythm<br />disorders</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_sleep_phase_disorder" title="Advanced sleep phase disorder">Advanced sleep phase disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_alternating_pattern" title="Cyclic alternating pattern">Cyclic alternating pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder" title="Delayed sleep phase disorder">Delayed sleep phase disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_sleep%E2%80%93wake_rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Irregular sleep–wake rhythm">Irregular sleep–wake rhythm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_lag" title="Jet lag">Jet lag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-24-hour_sleep%E2%80%93wake_disorder" title="Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder">Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_work_sleep_disorder" title="Shift work sleep disorder">Shift work sleep disorder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parasomnia" title="Parasomnia">Parasomnia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nightmare_disorder" title="Nightmare disorder">Nightmare disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_terror" title="Night terror">Night terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder" title="Periodic limb movement disorder">Periodic limb movement disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep_behavior_disorder" title="Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder">Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepwalking" title="Sleepwalking">Sleepwalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_driving" title="Sleep driving">Sleep driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep-talking" title="Sleep-talking">Sleep-talking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Benign phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream" title="Dream">Dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploding_head_syndrome" title="Exploding head syndrome">Exploding head syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnic_jerk" title="Hypnic jerk">Hypnic jerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogia" title="Hypnagogia">Hypnagogia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sleep_onset" title="Sleep onset">Sleep onset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnopompia" title="Hypnopompia">Hypnopompia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_paralysis" title="Sleep paralysis">Sleep paralysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_inertia" title="Sleep inertia">Sleep inertia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somnolence" title="Somnolence">Somnolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_clitoral_tumescence" title="Nocturnal clitoral tumescence">Nocturnal clitoral tumescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_penile_tumescence" title="Nocturnal penile tumescence">Nocturnal penile tumescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_emission" title="Nocturnal emission">Nocturnal emission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Treatment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_diary" title="Sleep diary">Sleep diary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_hygiene" title="Sleep hygiene">Sleep hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_induction" title="Sleep induction">Sleep induction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lullaby" title="Lullaby">Lullaby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somnology" title="Somnology">Somnology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polysomnography" title="Polysomnography">Polysomnography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_sleep_medicine" title="Behavioral sleep medicine">Behavioral sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_study" title="Sleep study">Sleep study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">Melatonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_sleep" title="Neuroscience of sleep">Neuroscience of sleep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daily life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist nowrapitems" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunk_bed" title="Bunk bed">Bunk bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daybed" title="Daybed">Daybed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-poster_bed" title="Four-poster bed">Four-poster bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">Futon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">Hammock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattress" title="Mattress">Mattress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_bag" title="Sleeping bag">Sleeping bag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed_bug" title="Bed bug">Bed bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedding" title="Bedding">Bedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedroom" title="Bedroom">Bedroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedtime" title="Bedtime">Bedtime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedtime_procrastination" title="Bedtime procrastination">Procrastination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedtime_story" title="Bedtime story">Story</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphasic_and_polyphasic_sleep" class="mw-redirect" title="Biphasic and polyphasic sleep">Biphasic and polyphasic sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronotype" title="Chronotype">Chronotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">Circadian rhythm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_object" title="Comfort object">Comfort object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_diary" title="Dream diary">Dream diary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsleep" title="Microsleep">Microsleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nap" title="Nap">Nap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightwear" title="Nightwear">Nightwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_nap" title="Power nap">Power nap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_wind_(sleep)" title="Second wind (sleep)">Second wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siesta" title="Siesta">Siesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_and_breathing" title="Sleep and breathing">Sleep and breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_and_creativity" title="Sleep and creativity">Sleep and creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_and_learning" title="Sleep and learning">Sleep and learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_and_memory" title="Sleep and memory">Sleep and memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_deprivation" title="Sleep deprivation">Sleep deprivation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sleep_debt" title="Sleep debt">Sleep debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_while_on_duty" title="Sleeping while on duty">Sleeping while on duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepover" title="Sleepover">Sleepover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42177#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42177#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42177#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/829528/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bett"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4006250-8">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85012788">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131627263">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131627263">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576741">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lůžka"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122533&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282400605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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