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Sameen</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Aysha Sameen"> <meta name="keywords" content="Aysha Sameen"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Aysha Sameen"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Aysha Sameen</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Nutritional Potential and Functionality of Whey Powder Influenced by Different Processing Temperature and Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarmina%20Gillani">Zarmina Gillani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuzhat%20Huma"> Nuzhat Huma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Sameen"> Aysha Sameen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulazim%20Hussain%20Bukhari"> Mulazim Hussain Bukhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whey is an excellent food ingredient owing to its high nutritive value and its functional properties. However, composition of whey varies depending on composition of milk, processing conditions, processing method, and its whey protein content. The aim of this study was to prepare a whey powder from raw whey and to determine the influence of different processing temperatures (160 and 180 °C) on the physicochemical, functional properties during storage of 180 days and on whey protein denaturation. Results have shown that temperature significantly (P < 0.05) affects the pH, acidity, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), protein total soluble solids, fat and lactose contents. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher foaming capacity (FC), foam stability (FS), whey protein nitrogen index (WPNI), and a lower turbidity and solubility index (SI) were observed in whey powder processed at 160 °C compared to whey powder processed at 180 °C. During storage of 180 days, slow but progressive changes were noticed on the physicochemical and functional properties of whey powder. Reverse phase-HPLC analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) effect of temperature on whey protein contents. Denaturation of β-Lactoglobulin is followed by α-lacalbumin, casein glycomacropeptide (CMP/GMP), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey%20powder" title="whey powder">whey powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denaturation" title=" denaturation"> denaturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20phase" title=" reverse phase"> reverse phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title=" HPLC"> HPLC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71225/nutritional-potential-and-functionality-of-whey-powder-influenced-by-different-processing-temperature-and-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Paradigm Shift of Leadership: Leaders in Information Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Hyder">Mustafa Hyder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmood%20Iraqi"> Khalid Mahmood Iraqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameen%20Mustafa"> Sameen Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> They say if the leader limps, all the others will start limping too. Therefore, a very dynamic leadership at all levels within the IT Community is critical to the success of an organization. This paper is an attempt to study the relationship between Information Technology (IT) with leadership and assesses its relevancy in today's fast-paced hi-tech globalized environment. The paper strives to look into the essential qualities and knowledge as needed by today's IT leader, in contrast to essential characteristics common to all the leaders-past, present, and future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title="leadership">leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autocratic%20leaders" title=" autocratic leaders"> autocratic leaders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristics%20of%20IT%20leaders" title=" characteristics of IT leaders"> characteristics of IT leaders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skills%20of%20IT%20professionals" title=" skills of IT professionals"> skills of IT professionals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20leadership" title=" IT leadership"> IT leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32894/paradigm-shift-of-leadership-leaders-in-information-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Effects of Artificial Sweeteners on the Quality Parameters of Yogurt during Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Arbab%20Sakandar">Hafiz Arbab Sakandar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabahat%20Yaqub"> Sabahat Yaqub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Sameen"> Ayesha Sameen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Imran"> Muhammad Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarfraz%20Ahmad"> Sarfraz Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Yoghurt is one of the famous nutritious fermented milk products which have myriad of positive health effects on human beings and curable against different intestinal diseases. This research was conducted to observe effects of different artificial sweeteners on the quality parameters of yoghurt with relation to storage. Some people are allergic to natural sweeteners so artificial sweetener will be helpful for them. Physical-chemical, Microbiology and various sensory evaluation tests were carried out with the interval of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. It was outcome from this study that addition of artificial sweeteners in yoghurt has shown much harmful effects on the yoghurt microorganisms and other physicochemical parameters from quality point of view. Best results for acceptance were obtained when aspartame was added in yoghurt at level of 0.022 percent. In addition, growth of beneficial microorganisms in yoghurt was also improved as well as other sensory attributes were enhanced by the addition of aspartame. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yoghurt" title="yoghurt">yoghurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20sweetener" title=" artificial sweetener"> artificial sweetener</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20parameters" title=" quality parameters"> quality parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17629/effects-of-artificial-sweeteners-on-the-quality-parameters-of-yogurt-during-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Indian Women’s Inner-World and Female Protest in Githa Hariharan's Novel ‘The Thousand Faces of Night’</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20Sameen%20Ameen%20Bajilan">Hanaa Sameen Ameen Bajilan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gender statuses are inherently unequal; it is difficult to establish equality between men and women in the light of traditional inequalities across the world. This research focuses on the similarities and differences among women from different generations different kinds of educational backgrounds and highlights the conflict experiences of the characters in Githa Hariharan's novel ‘The Thousand Faces of Night’ The purpose is to show how women are suffering and are being humiliated in a male-dominated society. The paper depicts how women in India grapple from male domination aggressiveness as well as the cultural, social and religious controlling in the society they live in. The paper also seeks to explore the importance of Knowledge as a powerful component that produces positive effects at the level of desire. The paper is based on the theories of Simone Beauvoir, Pierre Bourdieu, Edward Said, Rene Descartes and Amy Bhatt. Finally, the paper emphasizes on survival against hegemonic regimes and Indian women's hope for a better life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equality" title="equality">equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Githa%20Hariharan" title=" Githa Hariharan"> Githa Hariharan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humiliation" title=" humiliation"> humiliation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146374/indian-womens-inner-world-and-female-protest-in-githa-hariharans-novel-the-thousand-faces-of-night" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> The Impact of a Weak Constitutional Review of Executive Actions in Implementing Women Rights in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Alshehri">Aysha Alshehri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides a literature review of the sources of women’s rights under the Saudi legal framework, taking account of the constitutional primacy of Sharia under the Saudi legal system as well as the state’s obligations under international law. Building on one of the central aims of the paper, it conducts an exploration of how Saudi Arabia already has or might be further able to more clearly delineate its position and reservations in the adoptions of international human rights agreements while preserving its core religious beliefs and societal practices in regard to women’s rights at the domestic level. In this regard, the paper will consider the apparent tension between certain jurisprudential and customary aspects on gender equality and contemporary discourses of women’s rights from within and outside the Muslim world. Particular attention will be devoted to the question of the causes behind the lack of direct application of women’s rights mentioned by international reports and any challenges this may bring in the contexts of Saudi Arabia’s evolving gender equality policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20Constitution" title="Islamic Constitution">Islamic Constitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20actions" title=" executive actions"> executive actions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20equality" title=" gender equality"> gender equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20review" title=" judicial review"> judicial review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137142/the-impact-of-a-weak-constitutional-review-of-executive-actions-in-implementing-women-rights-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Nexus among Foreign Private Investment, CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Sustainable Economic Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Zamir">Aysha Zamir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines to what extent foreign private investment (FPI) affects the clean industrial environment and sustainable economic growth through developed countries investment in China. Moreover, this study investiage an association among FPI, CO2 emission, energy consumption, and sustainable economic growth. This study uses random effects and generalized least squares (GLS) and panel VAR estimators for data analysis. The results indicate that the Chinese economy has a vastly positive influenced regarding the location and choice of emerging and developed countries’ investment in the domestic market. Furthermore, emerging and developed economies investment increases the contribution among domestic firms, environment sustainability toward the national economy. The further results show that foreign private investment and gross domestic investment have a positive impact on sustainable economic growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20industrial%20environment" title="clean industrial environment">clean industrial environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emmission" title=" CO2 emmission"> CO2 emmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20private%20investment" title=" foreign private investment"> foreign private investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developed%20and%20emerging%20economies" title=" developed and emerging economies"> developed and emerging economies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147849/nexus-among-foreign-private-investment-co2-emissions-energy-consumption-and-sustainable-economic-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Noticing Nature: Benefits for Connectedness to Nature and Wellbeing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawn%20Watling">Dawn Watling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorraine%20Lecourtois"> Lorraine Lecourtois</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Levent"> Adnan Levent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20Jeffries"> Ryan Jeffries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Bellamy"> Aysha Bellamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mental health diagnoses are on the rise for adolescents worldwide, with many being unable to access support and increasing use of social prescribing time in nature. There is an increasing need to better understand the preventive benefits of spending time in nature. In this paper, research findings from 599 seven to 12-year-olds completed two sets of questionnaires (before the visit and after a walk in nature). Participants spent time in one of three different biodiverse habitats. Findings explore predictors (including age, sex, and mental health) of increases in connection to nature and well-being. Secondly, research findings from 313 eighteen to 87-year-olds who completed questionnaires and had their heart rate monitored, followed by a self-guided walk, will be discussed. Findings explore predictors (including age, sex, connectedness to nature, well-being, and heart rate as a proxy measure of stress) of increases in mood and feelings of restoration. The discussion will focus on the converging evidence for taking time to notice nature and the role of different environments in enhancing connection to nature, well-being, and positive mental health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature" title="nature">nature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectedness%20to%20nature" title=" connectedness to nature"> connectedness to nature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20prescribing" title=" social prescribing"> social prescribing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbeing" title=" wellbeing"> wellbeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188271/noticing-nature-benefits-for-connectedness-to-nature-and-wellbeing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Strategies by National Health Systems in the Northern Hemisphere Against COVID-19</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Zahidie">Aysha Zahidie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meesha%20Iqbal"> Meesha Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of strategies adopted by national health systems across the globe in different ‘geographical regions’ in the Northern Hemisphere to combat COVID-19 pandemic. Data is included from the first case reported in November 2019 till mid-April 2020. Sources of information are COVID-19 case repositories, official country websites, university research teams’ perspectives, official briefings, and available published research articles to date. We triangulated all data to formulate a comprehensive illustration of COVID-19 situation in each country included. It has been found that the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak experienced in China, Taiwan, and South Korea saw better strategies adopted by leadership to combat COVID-19 pandemic containment as compared to Iran, Italy, and the United States of America. Saudi Arabia has so far been successful in the implementation of containment strategies as there have been no large outbreaks in major cities or confined areas such as prisons. The situation has yet to unfold in India and Pakistan, which exhibit their own weaknesses in policy formulation or implementation in response to health crises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20%20health%20systems" title="national health systems">national health systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response" title=" response"> response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147624/strategies-by-national-health-systems-in-the-northern-hemisphere-against-covid-19" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Evaluation of Patients' Satisfaction Aspects in Governmental Egyptian Emergency Departments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Rashed">N. Rashed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Aysha"> Z. Aysha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fakher"> M. Fakher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Patient satisfaction is one of the core objectives of health care facilities. It is difficult to evaluate patients response in the emergency setting. The current study aimed to evaluate patients and family aspects of satisfaction in both adult and pediatric emergency departments and their recommendations for improvement. Cross-section survey(Brief Emergency department Patient Satisfaction Scale (BEPSS), was translated and validated, then performed to evaluate patients satisfaction in two governmental hospitals Emergency departments. Three hundred patients and their families were enrolled in the study. The waiting time in the adult Emergency department ranged from (5 minutes to 120 minutes), and most admissions were at the morning shift while at the pediatric hospital the waiting time ranged from 5 minutes to 100 minutes) and most admissions were at the afternoon shift. The results showed that the main domain of satisfaction in BEPSS in the adult emergency department was respecting the patients family while in the pediatric emergency department, the main domain was the nursing care about treatment. The main recommendation of improvement in pediatric Emergency Department was modifying the procedures while in adult Emergency Department was improving the training of physicians. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency" title="emergency">emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=department-patient" title=" department-patient"> department-patient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction-adult-pediatric" title=" satisfaction-adult-pediatric"> satisfaction-adult-pediatric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111658/evaluation-of-patients-satisfaction-aspects-in-governmental-egyptian-emergency-departments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Role of Education and Indigenous Knowledge in Disaster Preparedness </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameen%20Masood">Sameen Masood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali%20Jibran"> Muhammad Ali Jibran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The frequent flood history in Pakistan has pronounced the need for disaster risk management. Various policies are formulated and steps are being taken by the government in order to cope with the flood effects. However, a much promising pro-active approach that is globally acknowledged is educating the masses regarding living with risk and uncertainty. Unfortunately, majority of the flood victims in Pakistan are poor and illiterate which also transpires as a significant cause of their distress. An illiterate population is not risk averse or equipped intellectually regarding how to prepare and protect against natural disasters. The current research utilizes a cross-disciplinary approach where the role of education (both formal and informal) and indigenous knowledge is explored with reference to disaster preparedness. The data was collected from the flood prone rural areas of Punjab. In the absence of disaster curriculum taught in formal schools, informal education disseminated by NGOs and relief and rehabilitation agencies was the only education given to the flood victims. However the educational attainment of flood victims highly correlated with their awareness regarding flood management and disaster preparedness. Moreover, lessons learned from past flood experience generated indigenous knowledge on the basis of which flood victims prepared themselves for any uncertainty. If the future policy regarding disaster preparation integrates indigenous knowledge and then delivers education on the basis of that, it is anticipated that the flood devastations can be much reduced. Education can play a vital role in amplifying perception of risk and taking precautionary measures for disaster. The findings of the current research will provide practical strategies where disaster preparedness through education has not yet been applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20preparedness" title=" disaster preparedness"> disaster preparedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illiterate%20population" title=" illiterate population"> illiterate population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management "> risk management </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22374/the-role-of-education-and-indigenous-knowledge-in-disaster-preparedness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Effect of Phenolic Compounds on Off-Odor Development and Oxidative Stability of Camel Meat during Refrigerated Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajid%20Maqsood">Sajid Maqsood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Al%20Rashedi"> Aysha Al Rashedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Abushelaibi"> Aisha Abushelaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kusaimah%20Manheem"> Kusaimah Manheem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Impact of different natural antioxidants on lipid oxidation, microbial load and sensorial quality in ground camel meat (leg region) during 9 days of refrigerated storage were investigated. Control camel meat showed higher lipid oxidation products (Peroxide value and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) during the storage period. Upon addition of different natural antioxidants PV and TBARS were retarded, especially in samples added with tannic acid (TA), catechin (CT) and gallic acid (GA) (p<0.05). Haem iron content decreased with increasing storage period and was found to be lower in samples added with caffeic acid (CA) and gallic acid (GA) at the end of storage period (p<0.05). Furthermore, lower mesophilic bacterial count (MBC) and psychrophilic bacterial counts (PBC) were observed in TA and CT treated samples compared to control and other samples (p<0.05). Camel meat treated with TA and CT also received higher likeness scores for colour, odor and overall appearance compared to control samples (p<0.05). Therefore, adding different natural antioxidants especially TA and CT showed retarding effect on lipid oxidation and microbial growth and were also effective in maintaining sensory attributes (color and odor) of ground camel meat during storage at 4°C. Hence, TA and CT could be considered as the potential natural antioxidant for preserving the quality of the camel meat displayed at refrigerated shelves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20antioxidants" title="natural antioxidants">natural antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20oxidation" title=" lipid oxidation"> lipid oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel%20meat" title=" camel meat"> camel meat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12471/effect-of-phenolic-compounds-on-off-odor-development-and-oxidative-stability-of-camel-meat-during-refrigerated-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms from Marine-Associated Samples under Laboratory Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameen%20Tariq">Sameen Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saira%20Bano"> Saira Bano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayyada%20Ghufrana%20Nadeem"> Sayyada Ghufrana Nadeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Ocean, which covers over 70% of the world's surface, is wealthy in biodiversity as well as a rich wellspring of microorganisms with huge potential. The oceanic climate is home to an expansive scope of plants, creatures, and microorganisms. Marine microbial networks, which incorporate microscopic organisms, infections, and different microorganisms, enjoy different benefits in biotechnological processes. Samples were collected from marine environments, including soil and water samples, to cultivate the uncultured marine organisms by using Zobell’s medium, Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, and casein media for this purpose. Following isolation, we conduct microscopy and biochemical tests, including gelatin, starch, glucose, casein, catalase, and carbohydrate hydrolysis for further identification. The results show that more gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The isolation process of marine organisms is essential for understanding their ecological roles, unraveling their biological secrets, and harnessing their potential for various applications. Marine organisms exhibit remarkable adaptations to thrive in the diverse and challenging marine environment, offering vast potential for scientific, medical, and industrial applications. The isolation process plays a crucial role in unlocking the secrets of marine organisms, understanding their biological functions, and harnessing their valuable properties. They offer a rich source of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potential, including antibiotics, anticancer agents, and novel therapeutics. This study is an attempt to explore the diversity and dynamics related to marine microflora and their role in biofilm formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20microorganisms" title="marine microorganisms">marine microorganisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem" title=" ecosystem"> ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm" title=" biofilm"> biofilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gram-positive" title=" gram-positive"> gram-positive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gram-negative" title=" gram-negative"> gram-negative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186163/isolation-and-identification-of-microorganisms-from-marine-associated-samples-under-laboratory-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Comparative Efficacy of Vasodilators on Internal Mammary Artery Flow in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umm%20E.%20Aimen%20Minhas">Umm E. Aimen Minhas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameen%20Tahira"> Sameen Tahira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haneen%20Kamran"> Haneen Kamran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Saad%20Ul%20Hassan"> Syed Saad Ul Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haris%20Bin%20Khalid"> Haris Bin Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadia%20Nadeem"> Hadia Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Sanan"> Ahmed Sanan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients, vasodilators play a key role in optimizing graft patency by preventing vasospasm and enhancing blood flow. Limited literature is available comparing the effectiveness of various vasodilators on IMA flow in CABG patients. Thus, the rationale for conducting this Network-meta-analysis is to identify the most efficacious vasodilator for increasing IMA flow in CABG patients. A systematic search of 3 databases yielded 357 studies, with 19 meeting inclusion criteria (18 RCTs, 1 observational study). The primary outcome was IMA flow, with secondary outcomes including central venous pressure (CVP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis using the net meta package in R. A frequentist random-effects model was employed, with consistency assessed via node-splitting and heterogeneity evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Out of 92 possible pairwise comparisons, 11 were direct, and 3 included both direct and indirect evidence. Network ranking identified milrinone as the most effective vasodilator for improving IMA flow (SMD: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.36–1.87), followed by nitroglycerin (SMD: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.01–1.00). On the contrary, CO₂ insufflation significantly reduced IMA flow (SMD: -1.17; 95% CI: -2.28 to -0.06). Dobutamine significantly increased CVP, favoring placebo, with no notable differences in MAP across interventions. This analysis positions milrinone as a potentially superior agent for enhancing IMA flow in CABG, warranting its consideration as a first-line therapy. However, moderate to high heterogeneity and limited direct evidence highlight the need for more head-to-head trials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMA%20flow" title="IMA flow">IMA flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vasodilators" title=" vasodilators"> vasodilators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CABG" title=" CABG"> CABG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milrinone" title=" milrinone"> milrinone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20outcomes" title=" cardiac outcomes"> cardiac outcomes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196310/comparative-efficacy-of-vasodilators-on-internal-mammary-artery-flow-in-coronary-artery-bypass-grafting-cabg-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Using Geographic Information Systems Techniques and Multi-Source Earth Observation Data to Study the Trends of Urban Expansion in Welayat Barka Sultanate of Oman during the Period from 2002 to 2019</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyad%20H.%20R.%20Fadda">Eyad H. R. Fadda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawaher%20K.%20Al%20Rashdieah"> Jawaher K. Al Rashdieah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20H.%20Al%20Rashdieh"> Aysha H. Al Rashdieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban Sprawl is a phenomenon that many regions in the Sultanate of Oman suffer from in general and in Welayat Barka in particular. It is considered a human phenomenon that causes many negative effects as it has increased in the last time clearly, and this study aims to diagnose the current status of urban growth taking place in Walayat Barka. The objective of this study is to monitor and follow up on the most prominent changes and developments taking place in Barka in the period from 2002 to 2019 and provide suggestions to the decision-makers to reduce the negative effects of the phenomenon. The study methodology depends on the descriptive and analytical approach to describe the phenomenon and its analysis and knowledge of the factors that helped in urban expansion in the Barka, using a number of studies and interviews with the specialists, both in governmental and private institutions, as well as with individuals who own land, real estate, and others. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (ERDAS software) have been used to analyze the satellite images that helped in obtaining results that reflect the changes Barka, in addition to knowing the natural and human determinants that stand on Urban Sprawl Expansion. The study concluded that the geographical location of Barka has a significant role in its urban expansion, as it is the closest state to the capital Muscat, as this expansion continues toward the southern and south-western directions, as this expansion has significant negative effects represented in the low number of agricultural lands due to the continuous change in land use. In addition, it was found that there are two types of natural determinants of urban expansion in Barka, which are consumed land from the Sea of Oman and from the western sands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS%20applications" title="GIS applications">GIS applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sprawl%20expansion%20trends" title=" urban sprawl expansion trends"> urban sprawl expansion trends</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150594/using-geographic-information-systems-techniques-and-multi-source-earth-observation-data-to-study-the-trends-of-urban-expansion-in-welayat-barka-sultanate-of-oman-during-the-period-from-2002-to-2019" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Exploring Sexual Behavior among Unmarried Male Youth in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subas%20Chandra%20Biswas">Subas Chandra Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Sameen%20Naser"> Kazi Sameen Naser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzana%20Misha"> Farzana Misha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Little is known about the sexual behavior of male youth, particularly unmarried young men in Bangladesh as most of the sexual and reproductive health and rights-related research and intervention are mainly focused on females and married couples. To understand the unmarried youth’s sexual behavior, data from a nationwide survey conducted in all 64 districts of Bangladesh were analyzed. Using multistage systematic random sampling, a survey was conducted among 11,113 male youth aged 15-24 years from May-August, 2019. This article analyzed and presented findings of the sexual behavior of unmarried respondents based on the data collected from 10,026 unmarried male youth. Findings showed that 18% had ever experience of sexual relationship, and the reported mean age of first sexual intercourse was 16.5years. For unmarried male youth, those who had a sexual experience, their first sexual partners were female friends/classmate (57%), female neighbors (16%), and female sex workers (12%), relatives (6%) and girlfriends with whom they had love relationship (4%). However, about 36% reported that they had a love relationship with girlfriends, and among them, 23% reported that they had sexual intercourse with their girlfriend. Those who had sexual relations with their girlfriend, 47% reported that they did not use the condom in their last sex with their girlfriend. Furthermore, 29% reported that they had sexual relationships with others besides their girlfriends. Other reported partners were female sex workers (32%), neighbors (29%), female friends (19%), relatives (12%), and cousins (5%). Also, 46% reported that they did not even use the condom during sex with other partners. About 9% used some sort of sexual stimulant to increase their libido. Among the respondents, 376 reported that they bought sex in the last six months, and the mean expenditure of buying sex for the respondent was 1,140 Taka (13.46 US Dollar). Though premarital sexual relations are not socially accepted, findings showed a large portion of male youth are engaged in these relationships and risky sexual behavior. Lack of awareness of sexual and reproductive health, unprotected sexual intercourse, use of the drug during sexual intercourse also increase the threats to health. Thus these findings are important to understand the sexual behavior of male youth in policy and programmatic implications. Therefore, to ensure a healthy sexual life and wellbeing, an immediate and culturally sensitive sexual health promotion intervention is needed for male youth in Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=male%20youth" title=" male youth"> male youth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20and%20reproductive%20health" title=" sexual and reproductive health"> sexual and reproductive health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20behavior" title=" sexual behavior"> sexual behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115719/exploring-sexual-behavior-among-unmarried-male-youth-in-bangladesh-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Representation of Women in Iraq: Gender Wage Gap and the Position of Women within Iraqi Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20Sameen%20Ameen%20Bajilan">Hanaa Sameen Ameen Bajilan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human rights should be protected and promoted without regard to race, ethnicity, religion, political philosophy, or sexual orientation, following our firm convictions. Thus, any infringement of these rights or disdain for; any use of violence against women undermines the principles and human values of equality and endangers the entire society, including its potential to live in peace and to make growth and development. This paper represents the condition of the new Iraqi women regarding issues such as the gender wage gap, education, health, and violence against women. The study aims to determine the impact of traditions and customs on the legal position of Iraqi women. First, it seeks to assess the effects of culture as a historical agency on the legal status of Iraqi women. Second, the influence of cultural developments in the later part of the twentieth century on Iraqi women's legal standing, and third, the importance of cultural variety as a progressive cultural component in women's legal position. Finally, the study highlights the representation of women in Iraq: Gender wage Gap, Women's liberation between culture and law, and the role of women within Iraqi society based on an Iraqi novel named (Orange Light) in Arabic: برتقالو ضو. in her book, the Iraqi writer Nadia Al-Abru succeeds in portraying the post-war society's devotion to the sexual, emotional and mental marginalization of women in terms of the value of attendance. Since the study of Iraqi women's literature in Arabic-English translation is a new avenue of research that contributes to all three areas, this investigation aims to establish critical lines of engagement between contemporary Iraqi women's literature in English translation and feminist translation conceptual frameworks, and this is accomplished by first focusing on why analyzing Iraqi women writers' novels in Arabic-English translation is a timeline of inquiry that contributes to existing and emerging knowledge fields concerning Iraqi women writers' contemporary critical contexts and scholarship on Arab women's literature in Arabic-English translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20in%20%C4%B0raq" title="women in İraq">women in İraq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equality" title=" equality"> equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20wage%20gap" title=" gender wage gap"> gender wage gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20%20Al-Abru" title=" Nadia Al-Abru"> Nadia Al-Abru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28orange%20light%29" title=" (orange light)"> (orange light)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20liberation" title=" women's liberation"> women's liberation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0raqi%20women%27s%20literature" title=" İraqi women's literature"> İraqi women's literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162032/the-representation-of-women-in-iraq-gender-wage-gap-and-the-position-of-women-within-iraqi-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Assessing Urban Health Disparities in South Asia: A Comparative Study Using the Urban Health Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiza%20Azam">Fiza Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Zia"> Sahar Zia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Nazir%20Ali"> Fatima Nazir Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Hanif"> Aysha Hanif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Health is a fundamental human right, and a healthy population is essential for the prosperity and sustainable development of any country. This research is aligned with United Nations' Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being. It aims to assess and rank key health indicators across selected South Asian countries. The study focuses on urban areas in these nations, drawing on data from the World Bank’s primary collection of relevant indicators and specific health determinants outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO). These determinants include the physical environment, income and social status, education, social support networks, and personal behavior. To evaluate disparities in urban health across the region, the Urban Health Index (UHI) developed by Georgia State University, USA, is employed, followed by a mapping technique including visualization through a choropleth map to identify the pattern of spatial variations in our key variables, such as socioeconomic indicators across the region. This index serves as a comparative tool to rank health outcomes, where higher UHI values indicate better health conditions. The findings reveal notable disparities across South Asia. Afghanistan, with the lowest UHI score of 0.0423, ranks first, indicating the least favorable urban health conditions. Pakistan follows with a UHI score of 0.1190. Bangladesh and India rank third and fourth with UHI scores of 0.3099 and 0.3250, respectively. The Maldives and Sri Lanka rank fifth and sixth, with UHI scores of 0.3432 and 0.3495. Bhutan is ranked seventh with a score of 0.4750. Nepal, with a UHI score of 0.5012, ranks eighth, indicating the best urban health conditions among the countries studied. The findings of this research are crucial for addressing health disparities, improving living conditions, and enhancing social well-being in the region. These insights can inform policy measures aimed at reducing inequalities and promoting sustainable urban health in South Asia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20health%20index" title="urban health index">urban health index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20disparities" title=" health disparities"> health disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Asia" title=" South Asia"> South Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=World%20Health%20Organization" title=" World Health Organization"> World Health Organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20Nations" title=" United Nations"> United Nations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=living%20conditions" title=" living conditions"> living conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193018/assessing-urban-health-disparities-in-south-asia-a-comparative-study-using-the-urban-health-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Basal Cell Carcinoma Excision Intraoperative Frozen Section for Tumor Clearance and Reconstructive Surgery: A Prospective Open Label Interventional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moizza%20Tahir">Moizza Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzma%20Bashir"> Uzma Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Akhtar"> Aisha Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Ansari"> Zainab Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameen%20Ansari"> Sameen Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali%20Tahir"> Muhammad Ali Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cancer burden has globally increased. Among cutaneous cancers basal cell carcinoma constitute vast majority of skin cancer. There is need for appropriate diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic significance evaluation for skin cancers Present study report intraoperative frozen section (FS) histopathological clearance for excision of BCC in a tertiary care center and find the frequency of involvement of surgical margin with reference to anatomical site, with size and surgical technique. It was prospective open label interventional study conducted at Dermatology department of tertiary care hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan in lais on with histopathology department from January 2023 to April 2024. Total of thirty-six (n = 36) patients between age 45-80 years with basal cell carcinoma of 10-20mm on face were included following inclusion exclusion criteria by purposive sampling technique. Informed consent was taken. Surgical excision was performed and intraoperative frozen section histopathology clearance of tumor margin was taken from histopathologist on telephone. Surgical reconstruction was done. Final Histopathology report was reexamined on day 10th for margin and depth clearance. Descriptive statistics were calculated for age, gender, sun exposure, reconstructive technique, anatomical site, and tumor free margin report on frozen section analysis. Chi square test was employed for statistical significance of involvement of surgical margin with reference to anatomical site, size and decision on reconstructive surgical technique, p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Total of 36 patients of BCC were enrolled, males 12 (33.3%) and females were 24 (66.6%). Age ranged from 45 year to 80 year mean of 58.36 ±SD7.8. Size of BCC ranged from 10mm to 35mm mean of 25mm ±SD 0.63. Morphology was nodular 18 (50%), superficial spreading 11(30.6%), morphoeic 1 (2.8%) and ulcerative in 6(16.7%) cases. Intraoperative frozen section for histopathological margin clearance with 2-3 mm safety margin and surgical technique has p-value0.51, for anatomical site p value 0.24 and size p-0.84. Intraoperative frozen section (FS) histopathological clearance for BCC face with 2-3mm safety margin with reference to reconstructive technique, anatomical site and size of BCC were insignificant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basal%20cell%20carcinoma" title="basal cell carcinoma">basal cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20free%20amrgin" title=" tumor free amrgin"> tumor free amrgin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basal%20cell%20carcinoma%20and%20frozen%20section" title=" basal cell carcinoma and frozen section"> basal cell carcinoma and frozen section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20margin" title=" safety margin"> safety margin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186322/basal-cell-carcinoma-excision-intraoperative-frozen-section-for-tumor-clearance-and-reconstructive-surgery-a-prospective-open-label-interventional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Development of Noctiluca scintillans Algal Bloom in Coastal Waters of Muscat, Sulanate of Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Al%20Sha%27aibi">Aysha Al Sha'aibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Algal blooms of the dinoflagellate species Noctiluca scintillans became frequent events in Omani waters. The current study aims at elucidating the abundance, size variation and observations on the feeding mechanism performed by this species during the winter bloom. An attempt was made, to relate observed biological parameters of the Noctiluca population to environmental factors. Field studies spanned the period from December 2014 to April 2015. Samples were collected from Bandar Rawdah (Muscat region) by Bongo nets, twice per week, from the surface and the integrated upper mixed layer. The measured environmental variables were: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, turbidity, nitrite, phosphate, wind speed and rainfall. During the winter bloom (from December 2014 through February 2015), the abundance exhibited the highest concentration on 17 February (640.24×106 cell.L-1) in oblique samples and 83.9x103 cell.L-1 in surface samples, with a subsequent decline up to the end of April. The average number of food vacuoles inside Noctiluca cells was 1.5 per cell; the percentage of feeding Noctiluca compared to the entire population varied from 0.01% to 0.03%. Both the surface area of the Noctiluca symbionts (Pedinomonas noctilucae) and cell diameter were maximal in December. In oblique samples the highest average cell diameter and the surface area of symbiont algae were 751.7 µm and 179.2x103 µm2 respectively. In surface samples, highest average cell diameter and the surface area of symbionts were 760 µm and 284.05x103 µm2 respectively. No significant correlations were detected between Noctiluca’s biological parameters and environmental variables except for the correlation between cell diameter and chlorophyll a, also between symbiotic algae surface area and chlorophyll a. The high correlation of chlorophyll a was as a reason of endosymbiotic algae Pedinomonas noctilucae and green Noctiluca enhanced chlorophyll during bloom. All correlations among biological parameters were significant; they are perhaps one of major factors that mediating high growth rates, generating millions of cell per liter in a short time range. The results gained from this study will provide a beneficial background for understanding deeply the development of coastal algal blooms of Noctiluca scintillans. Moreover, results could be used in different applications related to marine environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abundance" title="abundance">abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feeding%20activities" title=" feeding activities"> feeding activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noctiluca%20scintillans" title=" Noctiluca scintillans"> Noctiluca scintillans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oman" title=" Oman"> Oman</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31266/the-development-of-noctiluca-scintillans-algal-bloom-in-coastal-waters-of-muscat-sulanate-of-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Identification of Potent and Selective SIRT7 Anti-Cancer Inhibitor via Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Fazlul%20Karim">Md. Fazlul Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashik%20Sharfaraz"> Ashik Sharfaraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysha%20Ferdoushi"> Aysha Ferdoushi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Computational medicinal chemistry approaches are used for designing and identifying new drug-like molecules, predicting properties and pharmacological activities, and optimizing lead compounds in drug development. SIRT7, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylase which regulates aging, is an emerging target for cancer therapy with mounting evidence that SIRT7 downregulation plays important roles in reversing cancer phenotypes and suppressing tumor growth. Activation or altered expression of SIRT7 is associated with the progression and invasion of various cancers, including liver, breast, gastric, prostate, and non-small cell lung cancer. Objectives: The goal of this work was to identify potent and selective bioactive candidate inhibitors of SIRT7 by in silico screening of small molecule compounds obtained from Nigella sativa (N. sativa). Methods: SIRT7 structure was retrieved from The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB), and its active site was identified using CASTp and metaPocket. Molecular docking simulation was performed with PyRx 0.8 virtual screening software. Drug-likeness properties were tested using SwissADME and pkCSM. In silico toxicity was evaluated by Osiris Property Explorer. Bioactivity was predicted by Molinspiration software. Antitumor activity was screened for Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) using Way2Drug web server. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out by Desmond v3.6 package. Results: A total of 159 bioactive compounds from the N. Sativa were screened against the SIRT7 enzyme. Five bioactive compounds: chrysin (CID:5281607), pinocembrin (CID:68071), nigellidine (CID:136828302), nigellicine (CID:11402337), and epicatechin (CID:72276) were identified as potent SIRT7 anti-cancer candidates after docking score evaluation and applying Lipinski's Rule of Five. Finally, MD simulation identified Chrysin as the top SIRT7 anti-cancer candidate molecule. Conclusion: Chrysin, which shows a potential inhibitory effect against SIRT7, can act as a possible anti-cancer drug candidate. This inhibitor warrants further evaluation to check its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties both in vitro and in vivo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIRT7" title="SIRT7">SIRT7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antitumor" title=" antitumor"> antitumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176644/identification-of-potent-and-selective-sirt7-anti-cancer-inhibitor-via-structure-based-virtual-screening-and-molecular-dynamics-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Diagnostic Yield of CT PA and Value of Pre Test Assessments in Predicting the Probability of Pulmonary Embolism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanza%20Akram">Shanza Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameen%20Toor"> Sameen Toor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Harb%20Abu%20Alkass"> Heba Harb Abu Alkass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Abdulsalam%20Altaha"> Zainab Abdulsalam Altaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Taha%20Abdulla"> Sara Taha Abdulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleem%20Imran"> Saleem Imran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease and can be fatal. The clinical presentation is variable and nonspecific, making accurate diagnosis difficult. Testing patients with suspected acute PE has increased dramatically. However, the overuse of some tests, particularly CT and D-dimer measurement, may not improve care while potentially leading to patient harm and unnecessary expense. CTPA is the investigation of choice for PE. Its easy availability, accuracy and ability to provide alternative diagnosis has lowered the threshold for performing it, resulting in its overuse. Guidelines have recommended the use of clinical pretest probability tools such as ‘Wells score’ to assess risk of suspected PE. Unfortunately, implementation of guidelines in clinical practice is inconsistent. This has led to low risk patients being subjected to unnecessary imaging, exposure to radiation and possible contrast related complications. Aim: To study the diagnostic yield of CT PA, clinical pretest probability of patients according to wells score and to determine whether or not there was an overuse of CTPA in our service. Methods: CT scans done on patients with suspected P.E in our hospital from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Medical records were reviewed to study demographics, clinical presentation, final diagnosis, and to establish if Wells score and D-Dimer were used correctly in predicting the probability of PE and the need for subsequent CTPA. Results: 100 patients (51male) underwent CT PA in the time period. Mean age was 57 years (24-91 years). Majority of patients presented with shortness of breath (52%). Other presenting symptoms included chest pain 34%, palpitations 6%, collapse 5% and haemoptysis 5%. D Dimer test was done in 69%. Overall Wells score was low (<2) in 28 %, moderate (>2 - < 6) in 47% and high (> 6) in 15% of patients. Wells score was documented in medical notes of only 20% patients. PE was confirmed in 12% (8 male) patients. 4 had bilateral PE’s. In high-risk group (Wells > 6) (n=15), there were 5 diagnosed PEs. In moderate risk group (Wells >2 - < 6) (n=47), there were 6 and in low risk group (Wells <2) (n=28), one case of PE was confirmed. CT scans negative for PE showed pleural effusion in 30, Consolidation in 20, atelactasis in 15 and pulmonary nodule in 4 patients. 31 scans were completely normal. Conclusion: Yield of CT for pulmonary embolism was low in our cohort at 12%. A significant number of our patients who underwent CT PA had low Wells score. This suggests that CT PA is over utilized in our institution. Wells score was poorly documented in medical notes. CT-PA was able to detect alternative pulmonary abnormalities explaining the patient's clinical presentation. CT-PA requires concomitant pretest clinical probability assessment to be an effective diagnostic tool for confirming or excluding PE. . Clinicians should use validated clinical prediction rules to estimate pretest probability in patients in whom acute PE is being considered. Combining Wells scores with clinical and laboratory assessment may reduce the need for CTPA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20PA" title="CT PA">CT PA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D%20dimer" title=" D dimer"> D dimer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20embolism" title=" pulmonary embolism"> pulmonary embolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wells%20score" title=" wells score"> wells score</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41853/diagnostic-yield-of-ct-pa-and-value-of-pre-test-assessments-in-predicting-the-probability-of-pulmonary-embolism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>