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texts</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: promotional texts"> <meta name="keywords" content="promotional texts"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="promotional texts"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 721</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: promotional texts</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">721</span> Functionality of Promotional and Advertising Texts: Pragmatic Implications for English-Arabic Translation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Gaber%20Abdalla">Jamal Gaber Abdalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In business promotion and advertising, language is used intentionally to create a powerful influence over people and their behavior. In commercial and marketing activities, the choice of language to convey specific messages with the intention of influencing people is pragmatically important. Design and visual content in promotional and advertising texts also have a great persuasive impact on consumers. It is the functional combination of design, language and visual content that helps people to identify a product or service and remember it. Translating promotional and advertising texts between structurally and culturally different languages, such as English and Arabic, usually involves pragmatic/functional shifts that decide the quality of translation. This study explores some of these shifts in translating promotional and advertising texts between English and Arabic and their implications for translation quality. The study is based on a contrastive analysis of data collected from real samples of English-Arabic translations of promotional and advertising texts. The samples cover different promotional and advertising text types and different business domains. The aim is to identify the most recurrent translation shifts and most used translation approaches/strategies that achieve quality in view of the functional nature of promotional and advertising texts and target language culture conventions. The study shows that linguistic shifts and visual shifts are recurrent in English-Arabic translations of promotional and advertising texts. The study also shows that the most commonly used translation approaches/strategies are functional translation, domestication, communicative translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title="advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic" title=" Arabic"> Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English" title=" English"> English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20translation" title=" functional translation"> functional translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotion" title=" promotion"> promotion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58298/functionality-of-promotional-and-advertising-texts-pragmatic-implications-for-english-arabic-translation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">720</span> MY ATBU: A Rebranding Campaign Using Promotional Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azeez%20Ayodele">Azeez Ayodele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Promotional products take symbolic roles, they can become an emblem, and they can become part of a rebrand and even be a brand itself. Promotional products express both an institution’s inspirations and its aspirations; it can reflect a continuum. This stimulates the interest of the study, which is to examine the impact of rebranding Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi-Nigeria, using promotional products. It examines the concept of rebranding with the aim to discuss the effectiveness of the promotional products in branding higher educational sector that needs to be assessed and measured. Therefore, some measures of branding activities are proposed. Conclusion suggests that university rebranding is effective and the use of a commercial approach can be easier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branding" title="branding">branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20products" title=" promotional products"> promotional products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rebranding" title=" rebranding"> rebranding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16589/my-atbu-a-rebranding-campaign-using-promotional-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Explicitation as a Non-Professional Translation Universal: Evidence from the Translation of Promotional Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julieta%20Alos">Julieta Alos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Following the explicitation hypothesis, it has been proposed that explicitation is a translation universal, i.e., one of those features that characterize translated texts, and cannot be traced back to interference from a particular language. The explicitation hypothesis has been enthusiastically endorsed by some scholars, and firmly rejected by others. Focusing on the translation of promotional material from English into Arabic, specifically in the luxury goods market, the aims of this study are twofold: First, to contribute to the debate regarding the notion of explicitation in order to advance our understanding of what has become a contentious concept. Second, to add to the growing body of literature on non-professional translation by shedding light on this particular aspect of it. To this end, our study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to explore a corpus of brochures pertaining to the luxury industry, translated into Arabic at the local marketing agencies promoting the brands in question, by bilingual employees who have no translation training. Our data reveals a preference to avoid creative language choices in favor of more direct advertising messages, suggestive of a general tendency towards explicitation in non-professional translation, beyond what is dictated by the grammatical and stylistic constraints of Arabic. We argue, further, that this translation approach is at odds with the principles of luxury advertising, which emphasize implicitness and ambiguity, and view language as an extension of the creative process involved in the production of the luxury item. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English-Arabic%20translation" title="English-Arabic translation">English-Arabic translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explicitation" title=" explicitation"> explicitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-professional%20translation" title=" non-professional translation"> non-professional translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20texts" title=" promotional texts"> promotional texts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60023/explicitation-as-a-non-professional-translation-universal-evidence-from-the-translation-of-promotional-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Aspects of the Promotional Language of Tourism in Social Media. A Case Study of Romanian Accommodation Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanda-Maria%20Ardeleanu">Sanda-Maria Ardeleanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Cr%C4%83ciunescu"> Ana Crăciunescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is sustained by our previous research on discursive strategies, whichdemonstrated that tourismhas developed and employed apromotional languageper se. We have studied this concept within the framework of audio-visual advertising by analyzing its discursive structures at the level of three main strategies (textual, visual, and both textual and visual) and confirmed the applicability of the promotional language per se within the field. Tourism, at large, represents a largely potential interdisplinary field, which allowed us to use qualitative methods of research such as Discourse Analysis (DA). Due to further research which showed that in the third phase of qualitative research methodologies, scholars in tourism recognized semiotics and DA as potential paths to follow, but which were insufficiently explored at the time, we soon realized that the natural next step to take is to bring together common qualitative methodologies for both fields, such as the method of observation, the triangulation, Discourse Analysis, etc. Therefore and in the light of fast transformations of the medium that intermediates the message, in this paper, we are going to focus on the manifestations of the promotional language in social media texts, which advertise for the urban industry of accommodation in Romania. We shall constitute a corpus of study as the basis for our research methodology and, through the empirical method of observation and DA, we propose to recognize or discover new patterns developed at textual (mainly) and visual level or the mix of the two, known as strategies of the promotional language of tourism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse%20analysis" title="discourse analysis">discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20language%20of%20tourism" title=" promotional language of tourism"> promotional language of tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20accommodation%20industry" title=" urban accommodation industry"> urban accommodation industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144100/aspects-of-the-promotional-language-of-tourism-in-social-media-a-case-study-of-romanian-accommodation-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> Hotel Sales Promotion Effectiveness: An Experimental Study about Promotional Fit Presence vs. Absence on Behavioral Intentions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20Topcuoglu">Esra Topcuoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyhmus%20Baloglu"> Seyhmus Baloglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates the effects of online hotel sales promotion fit (SP fit) on traveler purchase intention (PI) and word-of-mouth (WOM). It examines these relationships based on the need for cognition (NFC), intention to travel (TI), promotional attractiveness (PA), and demographics within resource matching theory (RMT). One factor (SP: Fit presence for monetary and nonmonetary vs. Fit absence for monetary and nonmonetary) design was employed to test the effects of SP fit on traveler behaviors. Data collection was conducted from 300 subjects through Qualtrics. One-way MANOVA was performed to test the main effects of SP fit, and PROCESS simple moderation test for the interaction effects. Results revealed promotional fit increased the effectiveness of monetary and nonmonetary sales promotions. “F&B discount card at the hotel” was the most preferred deal. Fit absence for monetary sales promotion (MSP) and fit presence for nonmonetary sales promotion (NMSP) yielded significant results. The participants were involved in their intention to travel and perceptions of promotional attractiveness to value the promotions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=need%20for%20cognition" title="need for cognition">need for cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20attractiveness" title=" promotional attractiveness"> promotional attractiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sales%20promotion%20fit" title=" sales promotion fit"> sales promotion fit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20intention" title=" travel intention"> travel intention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156784/hotel-sales-promotion-effectiveness-an-experimental-study-about-promotional-fit-presence-vs-absence-on-behavioral-intentions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Classifying Blog Texts Based on the Psycholinguistic Features of the Texts </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Jun%20Ahn">Hyung Jun Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the growing importance of social media, it is imperative to analyze it to understand the users. Users share useful information and their experience through social media, where much of what is shared is in the form of texts. This study focused on blogs and aimed to test whether the psycho-linguistic characteristics of blog texts vary with the subject or the type of experience of the texts. For this goal, blog texts about four different types of experience, Go, skiing, reading, and musical were collected through the search API of the Tistory blog service. The analysis of the texts showed that various psycholinguistic characteristics of the texts are different across the four categories of the texts. Moreover, the machine learning experiment using the characteristics for automatic text classification showed significant performance. Specifically, the ensemble method, based on functional tree and bagging appeared to be most effective in classification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blog" title="blog">blog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20analysis" title=" text analysis"> text analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycholinguistics" title=" psycholinguistics"> psycholinguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63660/classifying-blog-texts-based-on-the-psycholinguistic-features-of-the-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Video Materials as a Persuasive Strategy in Tourism Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganna%20Zakharova">Ganna Zakharova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The persuasive influence of tourism promotional materials is very much experienced nowadays. In order to attract the attention of viewers, marketers choose various techniques in their digital texts. Video is an essential element for attraction and seduction; it is a trigger element for tourists. This solution for web marketing engages and convinces potential tourists to book a tourism product. Embedding video materials into a website provides useful information, create different feelings in viewers, and help them finalize their decisions. The present article discusses video solutions for health tourism websites used to allure potential tourists. The paper reviews the influential elements of persuasive tourism marketing videos. The article highlights how these components as persuasive strategies of tourism promotional materials can influence the decisions of tourism websites’ users. The result section provides the real examples of the deployment of the mentioned technique to convince the audience by the website of 'Karpaty' resort (Ukraine). This technique is worth attention as it plays an important role in the promotion of tourism services. The data collection of this study will provide updated information in relation to the rhetoric of tourism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20discourse" title="tourism discourse">tourism discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persuasive%20video" title=" persuasive video"> persuasive video</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influential%20videos%20in%20marketing" title=" influential videos in marketing"> influential videos in marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persuasive%20discourse" title=" persuasive discourse"> persuasive discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20promotion" title=" tourism promotion"> tourism promotion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133913/video-materials-as-a-persuasive-strategy-in-tourism-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> The Saudi Arabia 2030 Strategy: Translation Reception and Translator Readiness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budur%20Alsulami">Budur Alsulami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the aims of the recently implemented Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 strategy is focused on strengthening education, entertainment, and tourism to attract international visitors to the country. To promote and increase the tourism sector, tourism translation can serve the tourism industry by translating various materials that promote the country’s tourism such as brochures, catalogues, and websites. In order to achieve the goal of enhancing tourism in Saudi Arabia, promotional texts related to tourism and Saudi culture will need to be translated into English and addressed to non-Arabic-speaking potential tourists. This research aims to measure student readiness to be professional translators who can introduce and promote Saudi Arabia to non-Arabic-speaking tourists. The study will also evaluate students' abilities to promote and convey Saudi culture to non-Arabic tourists by translating tourism texts. Translating tourism materials demands considerable effort and specific translation skills to capture tourists' interest and encourage visits. Numerous scholars have explored challenges in translating tourism promotional materials, focusing on translation methods, cultural issues, course design, and necessary knowledge for tourism translation. Based on these insights, experts recommend that translators prioritize audience expectations, cultural appropriateness, and linguistic conventions while revising course syllabi to include practical skills. This research aims to assess students' readiness to become professional translators aligned with Vision 2030 tourism goals. To accomplish this, in the first stage of the project, twenty students from two Saudi Arabian Universities who have completed at least two years of Translation Studies were invited to translate two tourism texts of 300 words each. These tourism texts contain information about famous tourist sights and traditional food in Saudi Arabia and contained cultural terms and heritage information. The students then completed a questionnaire about the challenges of the text and the process of their translation, and then participated in a semi-structured interview. In the second stage of the project, the students’ translations will be evaluated by a qualified National Accreditation Authority of Translators and Interpreters (NAATI) examiner applying the NAATI rubrics. Finally, these translations will be read and assessed by fifteen to twenty native and near-native readers of English, who will evaluate the quality of the translations based on their understanding and perception of these texts. Results analysed to date suggest that a number of student translators faced challenges such as choosing a suitable translation method, omitting some key terms or words during the translation process, and managing their time, all of which may indicate a lack of practice in translating texts of this nature and lack of awareness regarding translation strategies most suitable for the genre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia%20Vision%202030" title="Saudi Arabia Vision 2030">Saudi Arabia Vision 2030</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title=" translation"> translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reader%20reception" title=" reader reception"> reader reception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translator%20training%2Fcompetencies" title=" translator training/competencies"> translator training/competencies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194157/the-saudi-arabia-2030-strategy-translation-reception-and-translator-readiness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> The Syntactic Features of Islamic Legal Texts and Their Implications for Translation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafat%20Y.%20Alwazna">Rafat Y. Alwazna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Certain religious texts are deemed part of legal texts that are characterised by high sensitivity and sacredness. Amongst such religious texts are Islamic legal texts that are replete with Islamic legal terms that designate particular legal concepts peculiar to Islamic legal system and legal culture. However, from the syntactic perspective, Islamic legal texts prove lengthy, condensed and convoluted, with little use of punctuation system, but with an extensive use of subordinations and co-ordinations, which separate the main verb from the subject, and which, of course, carry a heavy load of legal detail. The present paper seeks to examine the syntactic features of Islamic legal texts through analysing a short text of Islamic jurisprudence in an attempt at exploring the syntactic features that characterise this type of legal text. A translation of this text into legal English is then exercised to find the translation implications that have emerged as a result of the English translation. Based on these implications, the paper compares and contrasts the syntactic features of Islamic legal texts to those of legal English texts. Finally, the present paper argues that there are a number of syntactic features of Islamic legal texts, such as nominalisation, passivisation, little use of punctuation system, the use of the Arabic cohesive device, etc., which are also possessed by English legal texts except for the last feature and with some variations. The paper also claims that when rendering an Islamic legal text into legal English, certain implications emerge, such as the necessity of a sentence break, the omission of the cohesive device concerned and the increase in the use of nominalisation, passivisation, passive participles, and so on. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20legal%20texts" title="English legal texts">English legal texts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20legal%20texts" title=" Islamic legal texts"> Islamic legal texts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nominalisation" title=" nominalisation"> nominalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participles" title=" participles"> participles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passivisation" title=" passivisation"> passivisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntactic%20features" title=" syntactic features"> syntactic features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20implications" title=" translation implications"> translation implications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107825/the-syntactic-features-of-islamic-legal-texts-and-their-implications-for-translation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> A Descriptive Study of ‎Translated Texts from Socio-Cultural Aspects ‎through Polysystem Theory and Patronage Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Nozadheravi">Reza Nozadheravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Hasanzade%20Novin"> Masoud Hasanzade Novin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Those techniques of translation which are engaged with short textual segments and mostly are prescriptive can be considered as micro level elements. Macro levels, however, refer to those translation strategies and those external factors that affect the translator’s decisions and have descriptive nature. What was scrutinized in details in the paper reveals the ‎macro-elements which are crucial in canonized translated texts, moreover, different aspects ‎of the patronage, which can be considered as the important factors from having the texts ‎chosen to the final translation products, have been observed in translated texts of Najaf ‎Darya-Bandarie, the well-known Iranian Translator. What is probed in this paper ‎reveals that marco-elements along with the linguistic aspects of the texts, micro-elements, ‎are considered as the significant aspects in translation process and even final translated ‎texts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canolized%20translated%20texts%E2%80%8E" title="canolized translated texts‎">canolized translated texts‎</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%E2%80%8E" title=" culture‎"> culture‎</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-elements%E2%80%8E" title=" macro-elements‎"> macro-elements‎</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patronage" title=" patronage"> patronage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63927/a-descriptive-study-of-translated-texts-from-socio-cultural-aspects-through-polysystem-theory-and-patronage-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">610</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> Promotional Mix as a Determinant of Consumer Buying Decision in the Food and Beverages Industry: A Case Study of Nigeria Bottling Company Plc., Asejire Ibadan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adedeji%20S.%20Adegoke">Adedeji S. Adegoke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olakunle%20N.%20Popoola"> Olakunle N. Popoola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Promotion is indispensible and inestimable property of marketing through which different organizations persuade their prospective customers. The idea of passing information about a product to the consumer at outside the world is known as promotional activities. A study was determined whether there was relationship between promotional mix and consumer buying decision, that is may be customers were influenced by promotion. It was investigated to determine whether promotion can be used to influence competitors’ activities in the market and also research was conducted to determine if there was any problem encountered by Nigeria bottling company plc, in promoting its beverages products. The various forms of promotional mix available for an organization were examined and recommended the appropriate promotional mix that company can adopt to boost the company sales. The research design was depended on the primary and secondary data. The primary data were information collected from the subjects using methods of data collection, that is through the use of questionnaire, interview, direct observation, etc. The secondary data consist of information that already exists having been collected for another purpose by some researchers. These include internal and external sources. The questionnaire was designed and administered to the staff of production and marketing department of Nigeria bottling company plc., which served as the population of this study, out of which sample was drawn randomly from the population, using sample random technique. It was deduced that 90% of the respondents opined that advertising influenced competition in the market and that there was a good sale after they started advert while 10% of them were not sure. At advertising level, 85% of the respondents chose 81-100% as the increase in the percentage recorded in their sales level, while 10% of them agreed that increase in the percentage recorded in their sales was within 61-80% and 5% of them chose 45-60% as the percentage increase in their sales record. Due to unstable economic condition of the Nigeria, many business organizations adopted the promotional strategies. Apart from advertising, it was discovered through research that sales promotion served as an incentive to consumers of Nigeria bottling company plc at a time offer gifts and prizes to consumers which drastically increased their level of sales. Since advertising and sales promotion increased the level of sales, more money should be allocated for this purpose to maintain market share and thereby increase profit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer" title="consumer">consumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization" title=" organization"> organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20mix" title=" promotional mix"> promotional mix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82097/promotional-mix-as-a-determinant-of-consumer-buying-decision-in-the-food-and-beverages-industry-a-case-study-of-nigeria-bottling-company-plc-asejire-ibadan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Variation in Italian Specialized Economic Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmagid%20Basyouny%20Sakr">Abdelmagid Basyouny Sakr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terminological variation is a reality and it is now recognized by terminologists. This paper investigates the terminological variation in the context of specialized economic texts in Italian. It aims to find whether certain patterns or tendencies can be derived from the analysis of these texts. Term variants pose two different kinds of difficulties. The first one is being able to recognize linguistic expressions that denote the same concept in running text. Another one lies in knowing which variant should be considered and for what purpose. This would help to differentiate between variants that could be candidates for inclusion in terminological resources and the ones which are synonyms or contextual variants. New insights about terminological variation in specialized texts could contribute to improve specialized dictionaries which will better account for the different ways in which a given thought is expressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20linguistics" title="corpus linguistics">corpus linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specialized%20communication" title=" specialized communication"> specialized communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terms%20and%20concepts" title=" terms and concepts"> terms and concepts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terminological%20variation" title=" terminological variation"> terminological variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147949/variation-in-italian-specialized-economic-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> Teaching Students Empathy: Justifying Diverse and Inclusive Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20Wallbrown">Jennifer Wallbrown</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It’s not uncommon in the US to see news article headlines about public school teachers being scrutinized for what they are teaching or see the general public weighing in on whether or not they think certain controversial subjects should be addressed in the classroom- such as LGBTQ+ or multicultural literature. Even though this is a subject that has been written about and discussed for years, it continues to be a relevant topic in education as it continues to be a struggle to implement more diverse texts. Although it is valid for teachers to fear controversy when they attempt to create a more diverse or inclusive curriculum, it is a fight worth fighting because of the benefits students can gain from being exposed to a wide range of texts. This paper is different from others of its kind because it addresses many of the counterarguments often made to implementing LGBTQ+ or multicultural literature in secondary classrooms. It not only encourages educators to try to include more diverse texts, but it gives them the tools to address common concerns and be sound in their reasoning for choosing these texts. This can be of interest to those educators who are not English teachers because a truly diverse and inclusive curriculum would include other subjects as well- including history, art, and more. By the end of my proposed paper, readers will feel encouraged to choose more diverse and inclusive texts for their classrooms. They can also be confident that if met with opposition or controversy, as is sometimes common when implementing new texts, that they have sound arguments and reasoning for why they chose to include these texts. This reasoning is that, based on the research, studies have found there are benefits to students studying texts about those different from themselves, because it teaches them empathy and helps fight prejudice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diverse" title=" diverse"> diverse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive" title=" inclusive"> inclusive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicultural" title=" multicultural"> multicultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lgbtq%2B" title=" lgbtq+"> lgbtq+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143830/teaching-students-empathy-justifying-diverse-and-inclusive-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> Reading Informational or Fictional Texts to Students: Choices and Perceptions of Preschool and Primary Grade Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Marie%20Dionne">Anne-Marie Dionne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teacher reading aloud to students is a practice that is well established in preschool and primary classrooms. Many benefits of this pedagogical activity have been highlighted in multiple studies. However, it has also been shown that teachers are not keen on choosing informational texts for their read aloud, as their selections for this venue are mainly fictional stories, mostly written in a unique narrative story-like structure. Considering that students soon have to read complex informational texts by themselves as they go from one grade to another, there is cause for concern because those who do not benefit from an early exposure to informational texts could be lacking knowledge of informational text structures that they will encounter regularly in their reading. Exposing students to informational texts could be done in different ways in classrooms. However, since read aloud appears to be such a common and efficient practice in preschool and primary grades, it is important to examine more deeply the factors taken into account by teachers when they are selecting their readings for this important teaching activity. Moreover, it seems critical to know why teachers are not inclined to choose more often informational texts when they are reading aloud to their pupils. A group of 22 preschool or primary grade teachers participated in this study. The data collection was done by a survey and an individual semi-structured interview. The survey was conducted in order to get quantitative data on the read-aloud practices of teachers. As for the interviews, they were organized around three categories of questions (exploratory, analytical, opinion) regarding the process of selecting the texts for the read-aloud sessions. A statistical analysis was conducted on the data obtained by the survey. As for the interviews, they were subjected to a content analysis aiming to classify the information collected in predetermined categories such as the reasons given to favor fictional texts over informative texts, the reasons given for avoiding informative texts for reading aloud, the perceptions of the challenges that the informative texts could bring when they are read aloud to students, and the perceived advantages that they would present if they were chosen more often for this activity. Results are showing variable factors that are guiding the teachers when they are making their selection of the texts to be read aloud. As for example, some of them are choosing solely fictional texts because of their convictions that these are more interesting for their students. They also perceive that the informational texts are not good choices because they are not suitable for pleasure reading. In that matter, results are pointing to some interesting elements. Many teachers perceive that read aloud of fictional or informational texts have different goals: fictional texts are read for pleasure and informational texts are read mostly for academic purposes. These results bring out the urgency for teachers to become aware of the numerous benefits that the reading aloud of each type of texts could bring to their students, especially the informational texts. The possible consequences of teachers’ perceptions will be discussed further in our presentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fictional%20texts" title="fictional texts">fictional texts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informational%20texts" title=" informational texts"> informational texts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschool%20or%20primary%20grade%20teachers" title=" preschool or primary grade teachers"> preschool or primary grade teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20aloud" title=" reading aloud"> reading aloud</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88709/reading-informational-or-fictional-texts-to-students-choices-and-perceptions-of-preschool-and-primary-grade-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> A Preliminary Study for Building an Arabic Corpus of Pair Questions-Texts from the Web: Aqa-Webcorp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wided%20Bakari">Wided Bakari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrce%20Bellot"> Patrce Bellot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Neji"> Mahmoud Neji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the development of electronic media and the heterogeneity of Arabic data on the Web, the idea of building a clean corpus for certain applications of natural language processing, including machine translation, information retrieval, question answer, become more and more pressing. In this manuscript, we seek to create and develop our own corpus of pair’s questions-texts. This constitution then will provide a better base for our experimentation step. Thus, we try to model this constitution by a method for Arabic insofar as it recovers texts from the web that could prove to be answers to our factual questions. To do this, we had to develop a java script that can extract from a given query a list of html pages. Then clean these pages to the extent of having a database of texts and a corpus of pair’s question-texts. In addition, we give preliminary results of our proposal method. Some investigations for the construction of Arabic corpus are also presented in this document. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web" title=" web"> web</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus" title=" corpus"> corpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=search%20engine" title=" search engine"> search engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=URL" title=" URL"> URL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=question" title=" question"> question</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20building" title=" corpus building"> corpus building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=script" title=" script"> script</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Google" title=" Google"> Google</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=html" title=" html"> html</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=txt" title=" txt"> txt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46758/a-preliminary-study-for-building-an-arabic-corpus-of-pair-questions-texts-from-the-web-aqa-webcorp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> Optimized Text Summarization Model on Mobile Screens for Sight-Interpreters: An Empirical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianhua%20Wang">Jianhua Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To obtain key information quickly from long texts on small screens of mobile devices, sight-interpreters need to establish optimized summarization model for fast information retrieval. Four summarization models based on previous studies were studied including title+key words (TKW), title+topic sentences (TTS), key words+topic sentences (KWTS) and title+key words+topic sentences (TKWTS). Psychological experiments were conducted on the four models for three different genres of interpreting texts to establish the optimized summarization model for sight-interpreters. This empirical study shows that the optimized summarization model for sight-interpreters to quickly grasp the key information of the texts they interpret is title+key words (TKW) for cultural texts, title+key words+topic sentences (TKWTS) for economic texts and topic sentences+key words (TSKW) for political texts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=different%20genres" title="different genres">different genres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20screens" title=" mobile screens"> mobile screens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimized%20summarization%20models" title=" optimized summarization models"> optimized summarization models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sight-interpreters" title=" sight-interpreters"> sight-interpreters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57345/optimized-text-summarization-model-on-mobile-screens-for-sight-interpreters-an-empirical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> Reading in Multiple Arabic's: Effects of Diglossia and Orthography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aula%20Khatteb%20Abu-Liel">Aula Khatteb Abu-Liel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the effects of diglossia and orthography on reading in Arabic, manipulating reading in Spoken Arabic (SA), using Arabizi, in which it is written using Latin letters on computers/phones, and the two forms of the conventional written form Modern Standard Arabic (MSA): vowelled (shallow) and unvowelled (deep). 77 skilled readers in 8th grade performed oral reading of single words and narrative and expository texts, and silent reading comprehension of both genres of text. Oral reading and comprehension revealed different patterns. Single words and texts were read faster and more accurately in unvoweled MSA, slowest and least accurately in vowelled MSA, and in-between in Arabizi. Comprehension was highest for vowelled MSA. Narrative texts were better than expository texts in Arabizi with the opposite pattern in MSA. The results suggest that frequency of the type of texts and the way in which phonology is encoded affect skilled reading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabize" title=" Arabize"> Arabize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20mediated%20communication" title=" computer mediated communication"> computer mediated communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diglossia" title=" diglossia"> diglossia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20standard%20Arabic" title=" modern standard Arabic"> modern standard Arabic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136207/reading-in-multiple-arabics-effects-of-diglossia-and-orthography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> Patronage Network and Ideological Manipulations in Translation of Literary Texts: A Case Study of George Orwell's “1984” in Persian Translation in the Period 1980 to 2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Hassanzade%20Novin">Masoud Hassanzade Novin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahloul%20Salmani"> Bahloul Salmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of the translation is not merely the linguistic aspects. It is also considered in the cultural framework of both the source and target text cultures. The translation process and translated texts are confronted the new aspect in 20th century which is considered mostly in the patronage framework and ideological grillwork of the target language. To have these factors scrutinized in the process of the translation both micro-element factors and macro-element factors can be taken into consideration. For the purpose of this study through a qualitative type of research based on critical discourse analysis approach, the case study of the novel “1984” written by George Orwell was chosen as the corpus of the study to have the contrastive analysis by its Persian translated texts. Results of the study revealed some distortions embedded in the target texts which were overshadowed by ideological aspect and patronage network. The outcomes of the manipulated terms were different in various categories which revealed the manipulation aspects in the texts translated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20discourse%20analysis" title="critical discourse analysis">critical discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patronage%20network" title=" patronage network"> patronage network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translated%20texts" title=" translated texts"> translated texts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62764/patronage-network-and-ideological-manipulations-in-translation-of-literary-texts-a-case-study-of-george-orwells-1984-in-persian-translation-in-the-period-1980-to-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> De-Commoditisation of Food: How Organic Farmers from the Madrid Region Reconnect Products and Places through Web Marketing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salvatore%20Pinna">Salvatore Pinna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growth of organic farming practices in the last few decades is continuing to stimulate the international debate about this alternative food market. As a part of a PhD project research about embeddedness in Alternative Food Networks (AFNs), this paper focuses on the promotional aspects of organic farms websites from the Madrid region. As a theoretical tool, some knowledge categories drawn on the geographic studies literature are used to classify the many ideas expressed in the web pages. By analysing texts and pictures of 30 websites, the study aims to question how and to what extent actors from organic world communicate to the potential customers their personal beliefs about farming practices, products qualities, and ecological and social benefits. Moreover, the paper raises the question of whether organic farming laws and regulations lack of completeness about the social and cultural aspects of food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20food%20networks" title="alternative food networks">alternative food networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de-commoditisation" title=" de-commoditisation"> de-commoditisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20farming" title=" organic farming"> organic farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=madrid" title=" madrid"> madrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconnection%20of%20food" title=" reconnection of food"> reconnection of food</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26744/de-commoditisation-of-food-how-organic-farmers-from-the-madrid-region-reconnect-products-and-places-through-web-marketing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Intertextuality in Tourism Advertising: Sources of Knowledge Asymmetries in Translating Vocative Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Ilyushkina">Maria Ilyushkina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article addresses the problem of translating vocative texts with intertextual references and describes the influence of language on how knowledge and meaning are developed in the field of advertising. The starting point of the article takes advertisements from the sphere of tourism and the way we choose, translate, and interpret intertexts. The article focuses on the perception and understanding of the information in printed texts advertising recreational facilities and services for tourists as the target audience by representatives of other cultures and the knowledge intertexts convey. The authors argue that intertextuality complicates translation leading to knowledge asymmetries. Studying typical communicative failures is considered to be of great importance, allowing for improvement in the practice of translation in the sphere of advertising as well as preventing the fallacious transfer of knowledge when translating foreign intertexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title="advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title=" translation"> translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intertext" title=" intertext"> intertext</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20culture" title=" Russian culture"> Russian culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20asymmetries" title=" knowledge asymmetries"> knowledge asymmetries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocative%20texts" title=" vocative texts"> vocative texts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116377/intertextuality-in-tourism-advertising-sources-of-knowledge-asymmetries-in-translating-vocative-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> Polycode Texts in Communication of Antisocial Groups: Functional and Pragmatic Aspects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Potapov">Ivan Potapov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The aim of this paper is to investigate poly code texts in the communication of youth antisocial groups. Nowadays, the notion of a text has numerous interpretations. Besides all the approaches to defining a text, we must take into account semiotic and cultural-semiotic ones. Rapidly developing IT, world globalization, and new ways of coding of information increase the role of the cultural-semiotic approach. However, the development of computer technologies leads also to changes in the text itself. Polycode texts play a more and more important role in the everyday communication of the younger generation. Therefore, the research of functional and pragmatic aspects of both verbal and non-verbal content is actually quite important. Methods and Material: For this survey, we applied the combination of four methods of text investigation: not only intention and content analysis but also semantic and syntactic analysis. Using these methods provided us with information on general text properties, the content of transmitted messages, and each communicants’ intentions. Besides, during our research, we figured out the social background; therefore, we could distinguish intertextual connections between certain types of polycode texts. As the sources of the research material, we used 20 public channels in the popular messenger Telegram and data extracted from smartphones, which belonged to arrested members of antisocial groups. Findings: This investigation let us assert that polycode texts can be characterized as highly intertextual language unit. Moreover, we could outline the classification of these texts based on communicants’ intentions. The most common types of antisocial polycode texts are a call to illegal actions and agitation. What is more, each type has its own semantic core: it depends on the sphere of communication. However, syntactic structure is universal for most of the polycode texts. Conclusion: Polycode texts play important role in online communication. The results of this investigation demonstrate that in some social groups using these texts has a destructive influence on the younger generation and obviously needs further researches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text" title="text">text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycode%20text" title=" polycode text"> polycode text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20linguistics" title=" internet linguistics"> internet linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20analysis" title=" text analysis"> text analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=context" title=" context"> context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiotics" title=" semiotics"> semiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133248/polycode-texts-in-communication-of-antisocial-groups-functional-and-pragmatic-aspects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Expressivity of Word-Formation in English and Russian Advertising Lexicon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Voronina%20Ekaterina%20Borisovna">Voronina Ekaterina Borisovna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of expressivity of advertising lexicon is studied in the article. The comparison of English and Russian advertising lexicons is done. The objects of the analysis were English and Russian advertising texts, both printed advertising texts and texts extracted from the commercials. Some conclusions concerning the expressivity of advertising lexicon were made. Expressivity can be included in the semantic structure of words or created by word-formation means. Expressivity caused by morphological derivatives includes such facilities as derivational affixes, models and types of word formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising%20lexicon" title="advertising lexicon">advertising lexicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expressivity" title=" expressivity"> expressivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word-formation%20means" title=" word-formation means"> word-formation means</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistics" title=" linguistics"> linguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6181/expressivity-of-word-formation-in-english-and-russian-advertising-lexicon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Comparison of Presented Definitions to Authenticity and Integrity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golnaz%20Salehi%20Mourkani">Golnaz Salehi Mourkani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two conception of Integrity and authenticity, in texts have just applied respectively for adaptive reuse and conservation, which in comparison with word “Integrity” in texts related to adaptive reuse is much more seen than Authenticity, which is often applied with conservation. According to Stove, H., (2007) in some cases, this conception have used with this form “integrity/authenticity” in texts, that cause to infer one conception of both. In this article, with referring to definitions and comparison of aspects specialized to both concept of “Authenticity and Integrity” through literature review, it was attempted to examine common and distinctive aspects of each one, then with this method we can reach their differences in adaptive reuse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20reuse" title="adaptive reuse">adaptive reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrity" title=" integrity"> integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity" title=" authenticity"> authenticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18744/comparison-of-presented-definitions-to-authenticity-and-integrity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> Comparison of Presented Definitions and Aspects of Authenticity and Integrity in Adaptive Reuse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golnaz%20Salehi%20Mourkani">Golnaz Salehi Mourkani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two conception of Integrity and authenticity, in texts have just applied respectively for adaptive reuse and conservation, which in comparison with word “Integrity” in texts related to adaptive reuse is much more seen than Authenticity, which is often applied with conservation. According to Stove, H. (2007) in some cases, this conception have used with this form “integrity/authenticity” in texts, that cause to infer one conception of both. In this article, with referring to definitions and comparison of aspects specialized to both concept of “Authenticity and Integrity” through literature review, it was attempted to examine common and distinctive aspects of each one, then with this method we can reach their differences in adaptive reuse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20reuse" title="adaptive reuse">adaptive reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrity" title=" integrity"> integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity" title=" authenticity"> authenticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18769/comparison-of-presented-definitions-and-aspects-of-authenticity-and-integrity-in-adaptive-reuse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> A Corpus-Based Contrastive Analysis of Directive Speech Act Verbs in English and Chinese Legal Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wujian%20Han">Wujian Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of human interaction and communication, speech act verbs are considered to be the most active component and the main means for information transmission, and are also taken as an indication of the structure of linguistic behavior. The theoretical value and practical significance of such everyday built-in metalanguage have long been recognized. This paper, which is part of a bigger study, is aimed to provide useful insights for a more precise and systematic application to speech act verbs translation between English and Chinese, especially with regard to the degree to which generic integrity is maintained in the practice of translation of legal documents. In this study, the corpus, i.e. Chinese legal texts and their English translations, English legal texts, ordinary Chinese texts, and ordinary English texts, serve as a testing ground for examining contrastively the usage of English and Chinese directive speech act verbs in legal genre. The scope of this paper is relatively wide and essentially covers all directive speech act verbs which are used in ordinary English and Chinese, such as order, command, request, prohibit, threat, advice, warn and permit. The researcher, by combining the corpus methodology with a contrastive perspective, explored a range of characteristics of English and Chinese directive speech act verbs including their semantic, syntactic and pragmatic features, and then contrasted them in a structured way. It has been found that there are similarities between English and Chinese directive speech act verbs in legal genre, such as similar semantic components between English speech act verbs and their translation equivalents in Chinese, formal and accurate usage of English and Chinese directive speech act verbs in legal contexts. But notable differences have been identified in areas of difference between their usage in the original Chinese and English legal texts such as valency patterns and frequency of occurrences. For example, the subjects of some directive speech act verbs are very frequently omitted in Chinese legal texts, but this is not the case in English legal texts. One of the practicable methods to achieve adequacy and conciseness in speech act verb translation from Chinese into English in legal genre is to repeat the subjects or the message with discrepancy, and vice versa. In addition, translation effects such as overuse and underuse of certain directive speech act verbs are also found in the translated English texts compared to the original English texts. Legal texts constitute a particularly valuable material for speech act verb study. Building up such a contrastive picture of the Chinese and English speech act verbs in legal language would yield results of value and interest to legal translators and students of language for legal purposes and have practical application to legal translation between English and Chinese. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrastive%20analysis" title="contrastive analysis">contrastive analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus-based" title=" corpus-based"> corpus-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directive%20speech%20act%20verbs" title=" directive speech act verbs"> directive speech act verbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20texts" title=" legal texts"> legal texts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20between%20English%20and%20Chinese" title=" translation between English and Chinese"> translation between English and Chinese</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51444/a-corpus-based-contrastive-analysis-of-directive-speech-act-verbs-in-english-and-chinese-legal-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Efficiency of Google Translate and Bing Translator in Translating Persian-to-English Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samad%20Sajjadi">Samad Sajjadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Machine translation is a new subject increasingly being used by academic writers, especially students and researchers whose native language is not English. There are numerous studies conducted on machine translation, but few investigations have assessed the accuracy of machine translation from Persian to English at lexical, semantic, and syntactic levels. Using Groves and Mundt’s (2015) Model of error taxonomy, the current study evaluated Persian-to-English translations produced by two famous online translators, Google Translate and Bing Translator. A total of 240 texts were randomly selected from different academic fields (law, literature, medicine, and mass media), and 60 texts were considered for each domain. All texts were rendered by the two translation systems and then by four human translators. All statistical analyses were applied using SPSS. The results indicated that Google translations were more accurate than the translations produced by the Bing Translator, especially in the domains of medicine (lexis: 186 vs. 225; semantic: 44 vs. 48; syntactic: 148 vs. 264 errors) and mass media (lexis: 118 vs. 149; semantic: 25 vs. 32; syntactic: 110 vs. 220 errors), respectively. Nonetheless, both machines are reasonably accurate in Persian-to-English translation of lexicons and syntactic structures, particularly from mass media and medical texts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20translations" title="machine translations">machine translations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy" title=" accuracy"> accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20translation" title=" human translation"> human translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168140/efficiency-of-google-translate-and-bing-translator-in-translating-persian-to-english-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Gabriel Mtsire’s "The Golden Spring" and Its Primary Sources, Textual and Content Changes Based on Cultural Development in the Context of the 4th-20th Centuries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgi%20Kalandadze">Georgi Kalandadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For studying the development of world civilizations, textual sources that have undergone textological and worldview changes are of great importance. The conference will discuss the collection of the XVIII century "The Golden Spring", compiled by Gabriel Mtsire, which includes texts of John Chrysostom. John Chrysostom lived in the 4th century and his writings correspond to the culture of readers of that time. In the 10th-11th centuries, the works of John Chrysostom were translated into Georgian by Euthymius of Athos. These texts correspond to the requirements of the Georgian society of the 10th-11th centuries. In the 18th century, Gabriel Mtsire collected and edited these texts to make them more understandable to his modern readers. In the 20th century, these texts were again adapted. Thus, the present study provides an opportunity to evaluate and outline the linguistic and content transformation process of the same work over 16 centuries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gabriel%20mtsire" title="gabriel mtsire">gabriel mtsire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=john%20chrysostom" title=" john chrysostom"> john chrysostom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euthymius%20the%20athonite" title=" euthymius the athonite"> euthymius the athonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20golden%20spring" title=" the golden spring"> the golden spring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166769/gabriel-mtsires-the-golden-spring-and-its-primary-sources-textual-and-content-changes-based-on-cultural-development-in-the-context-of-the-4th-20th-centuries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Reconciling the Modern Standard Arabic with the Local Dialects in Writing Literary Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Ghaleb">Ahmed M. Ghaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehab%20S.%20Al-Nuzaili"> Ehab S. Al-Nuzaili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to shed light on the question of the choice between standard Arabic and the vernacular in writing literary texts. Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) has long been the formal language of writing education, administration, and media, shred across the Arab countries. In the mid-20th century, some writers have begun to write their literary works in local dialects claiming that they can be more realistic. On the other hand, other writers have opposed this new trend as it can be a threat to the Standard Arabic or MSA that unify all Arabs. However, some other writers, like Tawfiq al-Hakim, Hamed Damanhouri, Najib Mahfouz, and Hanna Mineh, attempted to solve this problem by using what W. M. Hutchins called a 'hybrid language', a middle language between the standard and the vernacular. It is also termed 'a third language'. The paper attempts to examine some of the literary texts in which a combination of the standard and the colloquial is employed. Thus, the paper attempts to find out a solution by proposing a third language, a form that can combine the MSA and the colloquial, and the possibility of using it in writing literary texts. Therefore, the paper can bridge the gap between the different levels of Arabic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20standard%20arabic" title="modern standard arabic">modern standard arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialect%20or%20vernacular" title=" dialect or vernacular"> dialect or vernacular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diglossia" title=" diglossia"> diglossia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20language" title=" third language"> third language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134121/reconciling-the-modern-standard-arabic-with-the-local-dialects-in-writing-literary-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> Historical Metaphors in Insurance: A Journey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjuman%20Antil">Anjuman Antil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuj%20Kapoor"> Anuj Kapoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Saini"> Neha Saini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the evolution of insurance in India and the world. The paper also traced the historical basis of life insurance in the world and how it emerged as a major sector in India’s economy. The promotional strategies and distribution channel of top three companies in the Indian insurance sector are also discussed. Design/methodology/approach: The paper examined the secondary data which includes the reports issued by Insurance Regulatory Authority of India, websites of companies, books, and journals relevant to the study. Findings: The paper argued the role and importance of insurance in an emerging economy. The challenges and opportunities of the insurance sector are briefed out. The emerging areas in the insurance sector in terms of promotional strategies and distribution channel are also listed. Implications: The historical evolution can be studied by companies while formulating their strategies. It will help them analyse the insurance sector, how things have changed and how to change with the changing times. Originality/value: This paper gives comprehensive data regarding the background of the insurance sector. Along with historical perspective, marketing and distribution, current and future trends have been discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance" title="insurance">insurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution" title=" evolution"> evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20insurance" title=" life insurance"> life insurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20channels" title=" distribution channels"> distribution channels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88292/historical-metaphors-in-insurance-a-journey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Multimodal Content: Fostering Students’ Language and Communication Competences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victoria%20L.%20Malakhova">Victoria L. Malakhova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research is devoted to multimodal content and its effectiveness in developing students’ linguistic and intercultural communicative competences as an indefeasible constituent of their future professional activity. Description of multimodal content both as a linguistic and didactic phenomenon makes the study relevant. The objective of the article is the analysis of creolized texts and the effect they have on fostering higher education students’ skills and their productivity. The main methods used are linguistic text analysis, qualitative and quantitative methods, deduction, generalization. The author studies texts with full and partial creolization, their features and role in composing multimodal textual space. The main verbal and non-verbal markers and paralinguistic means that enhance the linguo-pragmatic potential of creolized texts are covered. To reveal the efficiency of multimodal content application in English teaching, the author conducts an experiment among both undergraduate students and teachers. This allows specifying main functions of creolized texts in the process of language learning, detecting ways of enhancing students’ competences, and increasing their motivation. The described stages of using creolized texts can serve as an algorithm for work with multimodal content in teaching English as a foreign language. The findings contribute to improving the efficiency of the academic process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creolized%20text" title="creolized text">creolized text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20language%20learning" title=" English language learning"> English language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20and%20communication%20competences" title=" language and communication competences"> language and communication competences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20content" title=" multimodal content"> multimodal content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151423/multimodal-content-fostering-students-language-and-communication-competences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20texts&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20texts&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promotional%20texts&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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