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href="/paym/target/t2s/facts/html/index.et.html">Faktid ja arvud</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/t2s/pricing/html/index.et.html">Hinnakujundus</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/target/tips/html/index.et.html">TARGETi välkmaksete arveldussüsteem (TIPS)</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for TARGETi välkmaksete arveldussüsteem (TIPS)"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/tips/governance/html/index.et.html">Juhtimine</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/tips/facts/html/index.et.html">Faktid ja arvud</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/tips/onboarding/html/index.et.html">Ühinemine</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/ecms/html/index.et.html">Eurosüsteemi tagatiste haldamise süsteem</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/html/index.et.html">TARGETi dokumendid ja lingid eksperdile</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for TARGETi dokumendid ja lingid eksperdile"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/coco/html/index.et.html">Ühised elemendid: dokumendid ja lingid</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/t2/html/index.et.html">T2 dokumendid ja lingid</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/t2s/html/index.et.html">T2S dokumendid ja lingid</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/tips/html/index.et.html">TIPS: dokumendid ja lingid</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/ecms/html/index.et.html">Ekspertidele</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/integration/html/index.et.html">Lõimumine ja innovatsioon</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Lõimumine ja 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href="/paym/integration/retail/instant_payments/html/index.et.html">Välkmaksed</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/integration/collateral/html/index.et.html">Tagatiste haldamise ühtlustamine</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Tagatiste haldamise ühtlustamine"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/integration/collateral/implementation/html/index.et.html">Rakendamine</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/integration/collateral/faq/html/index.et.html">Korduma kippuvad küsimused</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/cyber-resilience/html/index.et.html">Kübervastupidavusvõime</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Kübervastupidavusvõime"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cyber-resilience/fmi/html/index.et.html">Finantsturutaristud</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cyber-resilience/tiber-eu/html/index.et.html">ELi TIBER-raamistik</a></li></ul></li><li 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href="/paym/erms/html/index.et.html">Reservihaldusteenused</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Reservihaldusteenused"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/erms/aspects/html/index.et.html">Põhiaspektid</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/erms/service/html/index.et.html">Teenused</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/cashprof/html/index.et.html">Sularahakäitlejad</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Sularahakäitlejad"></a><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/cashprof/cashhand/html/index.et.html">Sularahakäitlus</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Sularahakäitlus"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cashprof/cashhand/devices/html/index.et.html">Pangatähtede ehtsust kontrollivad seadmed</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cashprof/cashhand/recycling/html/index.et.html">Pangatähtede taasringlus</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cashprof/cdispec/html/index.et.html">Standardse detektorliidese kirjeldus</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cashprof/accreditation/html/index.et.html">Tootjate atesteerimine</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/groups/html/index.et.html">Maksete kontaktrühmad</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Maksete kontaktrühmad"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/groups/ami/html/index.et.html">Turuinfrastruktuuride nõuanderühmad</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/groups/euro-cyber-board/html/index.et.html">Euro kübervastupidavusvõime nõukogu</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/groups/erpb/html/index.et.html">Eurojaemaksete nõukogu</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/groups/efip/html/index.et.html">Euroopa makseuuenduste foorum</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><span>Finantsstabiilsus</span></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/financial-stability/html/index.et.html">Ülevaade</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/macroprudential-measures/html/index.et.html">Makrotasandi usaldatavusmeetmed</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/financial_stability_contact_groups/html/index.et.html">Finantsstabiilsusega tegelevad kontaktrühmad</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="has-subpages" aria-expanded="false"><a href="/stats/html/index.et.html">Statistika</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Statistika"></a><div class="nav-first-level-wrap"><div class="nav-featured-wrap"><div class="nav-featured"><div class="item"> <div class="title">Statistika</div> <p>Juurdepääs EKP statistikale ja taustteabele</p><a href="/stats/html/index.en.html">EKP statistika ülevaade</a><hr> <div class="nav-title">Lingid</div> <ul> <li><a href="https://data.ecb.europa.eu/main-figures">Olulised näitajad</a></li> <li><a href="https://data.ecb.europa.eu/">EKP andmeportaal</a></li> <li><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/accessing-our-data/html/index.en.html">Kõik andmeteenused</a></li> </ul> </div><a href="/press/blog/date/2024/html/ecb.blog20240418~2240ea1850.en.html" class="item image"> <img src="/press/blog/date/2024/html//ecb.blog20240418~2240ea1850/ecb.blog20240418~2240ea1850.jpg" width="357" height="179" loading="lazy" style="object-fit:cover"><div class="image-caption">EKP BLOGI – Tõhustatud andmed: kuidas mõjutavad kliimamuutused panku</div> <div class="image-date">18. aprill 2024</div></a></div></div><ul><li class="clearfix"><span>Enim vaadatud</span></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/euro-exchange-rates/html/index.et.html">Euro vahetuskursid</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/key-ecb-interest-rates/html/index.et.html">EKP baasintressimäärad</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/stats/euro-short-term-rates/html/index.et.html">Euro lühiajaline intressimäär (€STR)</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Euro lühiajaline intressimäär (€STR)"></a><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/stats/euro-short-term-rates/interest_rate_benchmarks/html/index.et.html">Viiteintressimäärad</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Viiteintressimäärad"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/euro-short-term-rates/interest_rate_benchmarks/WG_euro_risk-free_rates/html/index.et.html">Euro riskivabade intressimäärade töörühm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/inflation/html/index.et.html">Inflatsioon</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/euro-area-yield-curves/html/index.et.html">Euroala tulukõverad</a></li><li class="clearfix"><span>Kogu statistika ja taustteave</span></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/all-key-statistics/html/index.et.html">Kõik olulised statistikaandmed</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/accessing-our-data/html/index.et.html">Juurdepääs andmetele</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/html/index.et.html">Põhiteemad</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle 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integreeritud aruandluse küsimustes</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/sdmx/html/index.et.html">Statistiliste andmete vahetuse mudel (SDMX)</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/inexda/html/index.et.html">Granulaarsete andmete võrgustik (INEXDA)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="has-subpages" aria-expanded="false"><a href="/euro/html/index.et.html">Euro</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Euro"></a><div class="nav-first-level-wrap"><div class="nav-featured-wrap"><div class="nav-featured"><div class="item"> <div class="title">Euro</div> <p>Ühisvääringuga seotud teemad</p><a href="/euro/html/index.en.html">Ülevaade eurost</a><hr> <div class="nav-title">Lingid</div> <ul> <li><a href="/paym/cashprof/html/index.en.html">Sularahakäitlejad</a></li> <li><a href="/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/banknotes+coins/html/index.en.html">Statistika pangatähtede ja müntide kohta</a></li> <li><a href="/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/index.en.html">Euro vahetuskursid</a></li> </ul> </div><a href="/euro/digital_euro/progress/html/index.en.html" class="item image"> <img src="/euro/digital_euro/shared/img/Digital Euro_Website_Homepage-Box-eurosign_1000x750.jpg" width="357" height="179" loading="lazy" style="object-fit:cover"><div class="image-caption">Esimene eduaruanne digitaalse euro ettevalmistusetapi kohta</div> <div class="image-date">24. juuni 2024</div></a></div></div><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/html/index.et.html">Digitaalne euro</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Digitaalne euro"></a><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/features/html/index.et.html">Põhiomadused</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Põhiomadused"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/features/privacy/html/index.et.html">Digital euro and 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class="-email"><a href="javascript:window.open('mailto:?subject=I would like to share this link with you&body=Link to the website of the European Central Bank: '+location.protocol + '//' + location.host + location.pathname+((document.location.search.search(/\?youtubeID=[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$/)!=-1&&document.location.search)||''))" title="Share by Email"></a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> <main > <div class="toBeUpdated" id="language-not-available">Ei ole eesti keeles kättesaadav</div> <div class="title"> <h1>Structure of the euro area economy</h1> </div> <div class="section"> <p> This section introduces the main economic and financial structures of the euro area economy.</p> <h2>Key characteristics</h2> <p> Compared with its individual member countries, the euro area is a large and much more closed economy. In terms of its share of global GDP, it is the world’s third-largest economy, after the United States and China. </p> <p> As in other highly developed economies, the service sector has the largest share of total output, followed by the industrial sector, while the share of agriculture, fishing and forestry is relatively small. The euro area is also one of the world’s largest economies in terms of population, with almost 340 million people. </p> <ul class="-link-icons"> <li><a href="/stats/balance_of_payments_and_external/eer/html/index.en.html" data-label="inglise keel">Daily nominal effective exchange rate of the euro</a></li> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/other/pp61_72_mb200504en.pdf">Comparability of statistics for the euro area, the United States and Japan, Article, Monthly Bulletin April 2005</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="table"> <div class="wrapper"> <table class="ecb-contentTable"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="6">Key real economy characteristics of the euro area and other major economic areas in 2023</th> </tr> </thead> <tfoot> <tr> <td colspan="6"><p> Unless otherwise indicated, euro area data include Croatia. Sources: For the euro area: ECB, Eurostat, national data and ECB calculations; for the United States, Japan and China: BIS, IMF, OECD, Reuters, World Bank and national sources.<br /> *) 2022 figures <br /> **) 2021 figures <br /> Notes:<br /> <a name="ftn1_2_1" ></a> 1.  Euro data, US and Japan: annual average; China: end of the year data.<br /> <a name="ftn2_2_1" ></a> 2.  Data for US, Japan and China are converted into euro at OECD purchasing power parities (PPPs).<br /> <a name="ftn3_2_1" ></a> 3.  Ratio of the labour force to the working age population (aged 15 to 64). US: the proportion of the civilian non-institutional population (aged 16 to 64) either at work or actively seeking work. Annual average.<br /> <a name="ftn4_2_1" ></a> 4.  Ratio of persons employed to the working age population (aged 15 to 64). US: the proportion of the civilian non-institutional population (aged 16 to 64) at work. Annual average.<br /> <a name="ftn5_2_1" ></a> 5.  General government data for China are not directly comparable with the other major economic areas.<br /> <a name="ftn6_2_1" ></a> 6.  General government debt consists of deposits, debt securities and loans outstanding at nominal value and is consolidated within the general government sector, except for Japan and China. In addition, Chinese data follow a different methodology and are not directly comparable. Year-end.<br /> <a name="ftn7_2_1" ></a> 7.  European definition also for US and JP.<br /> <a name="ftn8_2_1" ></a> 8.  Euro area: based on extra-euro area transactions.</td> </tr> </tfoot> <tbody> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Unit</th> <th>Euro area</th> <th>United States</th> <th>Japan</th> <th>China</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Population<sup><a href="#ftn1_2_1"> 1 </a></sup></th> <td>millions</td> <td>350.7</td> <td>335.2</td> <td>124.4</td> <td>1,409.7</td> </tr> <tr> <th>GDP (share of world GDP in PPP)</th> <td>%</td> <td>11.9</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>3.4</td> <td>18.8</td> </tr> <tr> <th>GDP per capita <sup><a href="#ftn2_2_1"> 2 </a></sup></th> <td>€ thousands </td> <td>41.6</td> <td>50.3<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>30.7<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>14.5<sup>*)</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Value added by economic activity</th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th >   Agriculture, fishing, forestry</th> <td>% of total </td> <td>1.7</td> <td>1.0<sup>**)</sup></td> <td>1.0<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>7.5</td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Industry (including constructions)</th> <td>% of total</td> <td>25.0</td> <td>18.5<sup>**)</sup></td> <td>27.1<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>38.5</td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Services (including non-market services)</th> <td>% of total</td> <td>73.3</td> <td>80.5<sup>**)</sup></td> <td>71.9<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>54.0</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Unemployment rate (share of the labour force)</th> <td>%</td> <td>6.6</td> <td>3.6</td> <td>2.6</td> <td>5.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Labour force participation rate <sup><a href="#ftn3_2_1"> 3 </a></sup></th> <td>%</td> <td>75.0</td> <td>74.7</td> <td>81.1</td> <td>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Employment rate<sup><a href="#ftn4_2_1"> 4 </a></sup></th> <td>%</td> <td>70.0</td> <td>72.0</td> <td>78.9</td> <td>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th>General government<sup><a href="#ftn5_2_1"> 5 </a></sup></th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Surplus (+) or deficit (-)</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>-3.6</td> <td>-4.2<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>-4.2<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>-7.1</td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Gross debt <sup><a href="#ftn6_2_1"> 6 </a></sup></th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>87.4</td> <td>113.4</td> <td>228.2<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>83.6</td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Revenue</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>46.0</td> <td>35.0<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>39.4<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>26.8</td> </tr> <tr> <th>     of which direct taxes</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>13.2</td> <td>14.4<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>11.7<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th>     of which indirect taxes</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>12.3</td> <td>7.0<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>9.4<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th>     of which net social contributions</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>14.6</td> <td>6.6<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>13.9<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Expenditure<sup><a href="#ftn7_2_1"> 7 </a></sup></th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>49.5</td> <td>39.2<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>43.6<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>33.9</td> </tr> <tr> <th>     of which final consumption</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>21.2</td> <td>13.9<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>21.7<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th>     of which social benefits</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>22.3</td> <td>15.3<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>22.4<sup>*)</sup></td> <td>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th>External<sup><a href="#ftn8_2_1"> 8 </a></sup></th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Exports of goods</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>19.3</td> <td>7.4</td> <td>16.9</td> <td>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Exports of goods and services</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>28.8</td> <td>11.1</td> <td>21.8</td> <td>0.0<sup>*)</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Import of goods</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>17.5</td> <td>11.2</td> <td>18.0</td> <td>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Import of goods and services</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>26.2</td> <td>13.9</td> <td>23.4</td> <td>0.0<sup>*)</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th>   Current account balance</th> <td>% of GDP</td> <td>1.7</td> <td>-3.3</td> <td>3.8</td> <td>. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <ul class="-link-icons"> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/other/art2_mb201205en_pp95-112en.pdf">Comparing the recent financial crisis in the United States and the euro area with the experience of Japan in the 1990s, ECB Monthly Bulletin, May 2012 </a></li> <li><a href="/mopo/pdf/mb201301en_box2.pdf">Recent developments in the wage drift in the euro area, ECB Monthly Bulletin Box, January 2013 </a></li> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/scpops/ecbocp138.pdf">Euro area labour markets and the crisis, 10 October 2012 </a></li> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/scpops/ecbocp44.pdf">Competition, productivity and prices in the euro area services sector (Occasional Paper No. 44), by Task Force of the Monetary Policy Committee of the ESCB, 10 April 2006 </a></li> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/other/indicatorsfinancialintegration200509en.pdf">Indicators of financial integration in the euro area, 30 September 2005 </a></li> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/other/inflationdifferentialreporten.pdf">Inflation differentials in the euro area: potential causes and policy implications, 30 September 2003 </a></li> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/other/euhousingmarketsen.pdf">Structural factors in the EU housing markets, 28 March 2003 </a></li> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/other/reportfinancialstructures2002en.pdf">Report on financial structures, 12 October 2002 </a></li> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/other/reportfinancialstructures2002statisticalannexen.zip">Statistical annex </a></li> <li><a href="/pub/pdf/other/priceeffectsreformen.pdf">Price effects of regulatory reform in selected network industries, 24 March 2001 </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="in-this-section" id="pages-in-section-holder"> <h3>Kõik selle jaotise teemad</h3> <div class="content-box"> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div id="feedback" class="hidden"> <div class="content-box"> <div class="initial"> <div class="title">Kas veebileht vastas teie ootustele?</div><a class="button 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