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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scale_and_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scale_and_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scale and distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scale_and_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species_targeted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_targeted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Species targeted</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Species_targeted-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Species targeted subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Species_targeted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paste_shrimp_fisheries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paste_shrimp_fisheries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Paste shrimp fisheries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paste_shrimp_fisheries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warm-water_fisheries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warm-water_fisheries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Warm-water fisheries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warm-water_fisheries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold-water_fisheries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold-water_fisheries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Cold-water fisheries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold-water_fisheries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shrimp_fishing_on_horseback" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shrimp_fishing_on_horseback"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Shrimp fishing on horseback</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shrimp_fishing_on_horseback-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> 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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fisheries for shrimp and prawns</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Coast_Shrimp_Trawler,_%22Wrangler%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/West_Coast_Shrimp_Trawler%2C_%22Wrangler%22.jpg/300px-West_Coast_Shrimp_Trawler%2C_%22Wrangler%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/West_Coast_Shrimp_Trawler%2C_%22Wrangler%22.jpg/450px-West_Coast_Shrimp_Trawler%2C_%22Wrangler%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/West_Coast_Shrimp_Trawler%2C_%22Wrangler%22.jpg/600px-West_Coast_Shrimp_Trawler%2C_%22Wrangler%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Shrimp <a href="/wiki/Fishing_trawler" title="Fishing trawler">trawler</a> preparing to set gear off the coast of Oregon</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>shrimp fishery</b> is a major global industry, with more than 3.4 million tons caught per year, chiefly in Asia. Rates of <a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">bycatch</a> are unusually high for shrimp fishing, with the capture of <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtles</a> being especially contentious. </p><p>A <b>shrimper</b> is a fishing vessel rigged for shrimp fishing. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>shrimp</i>, as used by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO), covers all <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caridea" title="Caridea">Caridea</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">prawns</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dendrobranchiata" title="Dendrobranchiata">Dendrobranchiata</a>, comprising <a href="/wiki/Penaeoidea" title="Penaeoidea">Penaeoidea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergestoidea" title="Sergestoidea">Sergestoidea</a>) – a group formerly known as "<a href="/wiki/Natantia" title="Natantia">Natantia</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-G5_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This nomenclature often differs from local use, in which the same species may be known by different names, or where different species may be known by the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-G26_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G26-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garnalenschuifnet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Garnalenschuifnet.jpg/220px-Garnalenschuifnet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Garnalenschuifnet.jpg/330px-Garnalenschuifnet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Garnalenschuifnet.jpg/440px-Garnalenschuifnet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>A traditional push net, to be operated by hand near the coast. In use in The Netherlands up to 1955.</figcaption></figure> <p>Small-scale local fishery for shrimp and prawns has existed for centuries and continues to form a large proportion of the world's shrimp fisheries.<sup id="cite_ref-G9_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trawling increased in scale with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Otter_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Otter board">otter boards</a>, which use the flow of water to hold the trawling net open, and the introduction of steam-powered vessels, replacing the earlier sail-powered boats.<sup id="cite_ref-G9_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both of these developments took off in the 1880s, and were soon applied to shrimp fisheries, especially following the research effort of the Norwegian marine biologist <a href="/wiki/Johan_Hjort" title="Johan Hjort">Johan Hjort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G9_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, the original open <a href="/wiki/Skiff" title="Skiff">skiffs</a>, 5–8 metres (16–26 ft) long, were replaced by decked boats, to which <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a> were added, allowing the boats to reach an average of 18 m (59 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-G10_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G10-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scale_and_distribution">Scale and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scale and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrimp_bycatch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Shrimp_bycatch.jpg/220px-Shrimp_bycatch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Shrimp_bycatch.jpg/330px-Shrimp_bycatch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Shrimp_bycatch.jpg/440px-Shrimp_bycatch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a> <a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">bycatch</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, shrimp and prawn fisheries are second only to <a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">crab fishing</a> in terms of importance. In the northern parts of the country, cold-water shrimp are targeted, while warm-water species are targeted along the south-eastern Atlantic coast, and in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G19_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the production is of warm-water species, but this is dwarfed by the imports of shrimp, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G19_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led to international controversies, with some United States fishermen accusing countries such as <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dumping_(pricing_policy)" title="Dumping (pricing policy)">dumping</a> shrimp on the US market, while some of the producing nations protested to the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> about duties levied by the US in response to the inferred dumping.<sup id="cite_ref-G41_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G41-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shrimp fisheries produce unusually high levels of <a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">bycatch</a>. Before the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Bycatch_reduction_device" title="Bycatch reduction device">bycatch reduction devices</a> in the 1980s, shrimp fishery had a bycatch ratio (ratio of the amount of non-target species caught to the amount of the target species caught) of 4.5–5.3:1.<sup id="cite_ref-G46_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G46-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since BRDs were introduced, the bycatch ratios may have been reduced by as much as 30%.<sup id="cite_ref-G46_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G46-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shrimp fisheries tend to "capture more <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtles</a> than any other commercial fishery".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species_targeted">Species targeted</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Species targeted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrimp_and_prawn_capture_time_series.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Shrimp_and_prawn_capture_time_series.png/310px-Shrimp_and_prawn_capture_time_series.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Shrimp_and_prawn_capture_time_series.png/465px-Shrimp_and_prawn_capture_time_series.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Shrimp_and_prawn_capture_time_series.png/620px-Shrimp_and_prawn_capture_time_series.png 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption>Global capture of wild shrimp and prawn species in million tonnes, 1950–2010, as reported by the FAO<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Shrimps are from all different types of bodies of water in the world. Fewer than 300 species of <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">prawns</a> are of commercial importance, out of a total of 3000 species. The catch is dominated by six "species items",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which collectively account for 82% of the global catch.<sup id="cite_ref-G25_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G25-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are given in the table below: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Scientific name</th> <th>FAO name</th> <th>2005 catch (t)</th> <th>Percentage of total </th></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>Natantian Decapoda nei<sup id="cite_ref-nei_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nei-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">887,688 </td> <td align="right">26.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Acetes_japonicus" title="Acetes japonicus">Acetes japonicus</a></i> </td> <td>Akiami paste shrimp </td> <td align="right">664,716 </td> <td align="right">19.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Trachysalambria_curvirostris" title="Trachysalambria curvirostris">Trachysalambria curvirostris</a></i> </td> <td>southern rough shrimp </td> <td align="right">429,605 </td> <td align="right">12.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Pandalus_borealis" title="Pandalus borealis">Pandalus borealis</a></i> </td> <td>northern prawn </td> <td align="right">376,908 </td> <td align="right">11.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Penaeus" title="Penaeus">Penaeus</a></i> spp. </td> <td><i>Penaeus</i> shrimp nei<sup id="cite_ref-nei_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nei-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">230,297 </td> <td align="right">6.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Penaeus_monodon" title="Penaeus monodon">Penaeus monodon</a></i> </td> <td>giant tiger prawn </td> <td align="right">218,027 </td> <td align="right">6.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shrimp and prawn fisheries can be divided into cold-water, warm-water and paste shrimp fisheries, broadly corresponding to the three taxonomic categories <a href="/wiki/Penaeoidea" title="Penaeoidea">Penaeoidea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caridea" title="Caridea">Caridea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergestoidea" title="Sergestoidea">Sergestoidea</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-G26_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G26-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paste_shrimp_fisheries">Paste shrimp fisheries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Paste shrimp fisheries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drying_shrimp_paste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Drying_shrimp_paste.jpg/170px-Drying_shrimp_paste.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Drying_shrimp_paste.jpg/255px-Drying_shrimp_paste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Drying_shrimp_paste.jpg/340px-Drying_shrimp_paste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">Shrimp paste</a> drying below the <a href="/wiki/Kap_Shui_Mun_Bridge" title="Kap Shui Mun Bridge">Kap Shui Mun Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Although the various species of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Acetes" title="Acetes">Acetes</a></i> are not always distinguished by fishermen, collectively they form the world's largest shrimp fishery.<sup id="cite_ref-G27_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G27-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are fisheries for <i>Acetes</i> in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, but the vast majority of the catch is in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G27_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G27-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total catch is likely to be grossly under-recorded, but was estimated at 664,716 t in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-G27_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G27-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia–Pacific region</a>, the <i>Acetes</i> fishery is the fourth largest fishery by weight, after <a href="/wiki/Hairtail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hairtail">hairtails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">anchovies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decapterus" title="Decapterus">scads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G27_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G27-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warm-water_fisheries">Warm-water fisheries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Warm-water fisheries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warm-water shrimp and prawn fisheries usually target several species,<sup id="cite_ref-G118_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G118-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are typically monitored in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Catch_per_unit_effort" title="Catch per unit effort">catch per unit effort</a> (CPUE), rather than the complex models used for cold-water shrimp.<sup id="cite_ref-G85_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G85-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warm-water species (mainly <i><a href="/wiki/Litopenaeus_setiferus" title="Litopenaeus setiferus">Litopenaeus setiferus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Farfantepenaeus_aztecus" title="Farfantepenaeus aztecus">Farfantepenaeus aztecus</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Farfantepenaeus_duorarum" title="Farfantepenaeus duorarum">Farfantepenaeus duorarum</a></i>) provide more than 85% of the shrimp fishery in the United States, and are caught in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> and adjacent parts of the Atlantic Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-G47_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G47-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bycatch is a serious problem for warm-water shrimp fisheries, with inadvertent catches of <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtles</a> being among the most contentious issues.<sup id="cite_ref-G49_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G49-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold-water_fisheries">Cold-water fisheries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cold-water fisheries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandborealisind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pandborealisind.jpg/220px-Pandborealisind.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pandborealisind.jpg/330px-Pandborealisind.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pandborealisind.jpg/440px-Pandborealisind.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pandalus_borealis" title="Pandalus borealis">Pandalus borealis</a></i>, the most important cold-water shrimp species</figcaption></figure> <p>The most important cold-water species is the "northern prawn", <i><a href="/wiki/Pandalus_borealis" title="Pandalus borealis">Pandalus borealis</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-G27_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G27-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which accounts for 12% of the total shrimp and prawn catch.<sup id="cite_ref-G28_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G28-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up to 70% of the catch is landed in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G27_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G27-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The price of cold-water shrimp has been in decline since the 1990s, as a result of increased <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_farming" title="Shrimp farming">shrimp farming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G38_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G38-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">Bycatch</a> is typically managed in cold-water shrimp trawling, and rates of bycatch are accordingly low,<sup id="cite_ref-G46_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G46-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the capture of sea turtles is rare in cold temperate waters.<sup id="cite_ref-G52_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G52-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bycatch is mostly reduced by the use of Nordmøre grids,<sup id="cite_ref-G60_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G60-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which reduce the numbers of <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">haddock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenland_halibut" title="Greenland halibut">Greenland halibut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sebastes" title="Sebastes">redfish</a> caught during shrimp trawls.<sup id="cite_ref-G53_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G53-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordm%C3%B8re_grid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordmøre grid (page does not exist)">Nordmøre grid</a> was invented by the Norwegian fisherman Paul Brattøy, primarily as a means of excluding <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a> from shrimp catches, and introduced in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-G60_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G60-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This innovation causes a minimal reduction in the quantity of shrimp caught, but can reduce the amounts of bycatch by around 97%.<sup id="cite_ref-G60_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G60-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fisheries for cold-water shrimp using pots, the bycatch is mostly of invertebrates, including <a href="/wiki/Squat_lobster" title="Squat lobster">squat lobsters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">molluscs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">echinoderms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G55_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G55-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shrimp_fishing_on_horseback">Shrimp fishing on horseback</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Shrimp fishing on horseback"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Crahay001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Albert_Crahay001.jpg/220px-Albert_Crahay001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Albert_Crahay001.jpg/330px-Albert_Crahay001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Albert_Crahay001.jpg/440px-Albert_Crahay001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1946" /></a><figcaption>"Shrimp fisherman on horseback", a local method of shrimp fishing; painting by the Belgian painter Albert Crahay (1881-1914)</figcaption></figure> <p>Shrimp fishing on horseback in <a href="/wiki/Oostduinkerke" title="Oostduinkerke">Oostduinkerke</a>, Belgium, is a unique local method. This traditional practice has been passed down through generations of fishermen in this coastal town. It's a truly remarkable sight to see these sturdy <a href="/wiki/Brabant_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Brabant Horse">Brabant horses</a> wading into the shallow waters, pulling heavy nets behind them as the fishermen guide them. </p><p>This unique method has even been recognized by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, highlighting its cultural significance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvested_aquatic_animals_by_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of harvested aquatic animals by weight">List of harvested aquatic animals by weight</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The FAO divides fisheries into "species items", which are typically species, but may be genera or higher taxa.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nei-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nei_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nei_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"nei" = not elsewhere included.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excluding the catch-all category "Natantian decapods nei".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-G5-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G5_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G26-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G26_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G26_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G9-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G9_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G9_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G9_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G10-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G10_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G19-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G19_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G19_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G41-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G41_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G46-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G46_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G46_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G46_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Hillestad">Hillestad <i>et al.</i> (1982)</a> Cited in <a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on data sourced from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat.fao.org/site/629/default.aspx">FishStat database</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G25-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G25_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G27-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G27_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G27_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G27_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G27_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G27_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G27_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G118-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G118_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G85-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G85_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G47-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G47_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G49-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G49_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G28-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G28_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G38-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G38_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G52-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G52_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G60-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G60_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G60_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G60_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G53-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G53_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G55-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-G55_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gillett">Gillett (2008)</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Doeksen A (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crangon.nl/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Doeksen%20%282006%29.pdf">"Ecological perspectives of the north Sea C. Crangon fishery: An inventory of its effects on the marine ecosystem"</a> Thesis, Wageningen University.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Gillett" class="citation book cs1">R. Gillett (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0300e/i0300e00.htm"><i>Global Study of Shrimp Fisheries</i></a>. Rome, Italy: <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-106053-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-106053-7"><bdi>978-92-5-106053-7</bdi></a>. Fisheries Technical Paper <b>475</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Study+of+Shrimp+Fisheries&rft.place=Rome%2C+Italy&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-92-5-106053-7&rft.au=R.+Gillett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F011%2Fi0300e%2Fi0300e00.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrimp+fishery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hillestad" class="citation book cs1">H. O. Hillestad; J. I. Richardson; C. McVea; J. M. Watson (1982). "Worldwide incidental capture of sea turtles". In Karen A. Bjorndal (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biologyconservat00worl"><i>Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles</i></a></span>. Proceedings of the World Conference on Sea Turtle Conservation, Washington, D.C., 26–30 November 1979. Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Institution Press">Smithsonian Institution Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874742435" title="Special:BookSources/9780874742435"><bdi>9780874742435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Worldwide+incidental+capture+of+sea+turtles&rft.btitle=Biology+and+Conservation+of+Sea+Turtles&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=Proceedings+of+the+World+Conference+on+Sea+Turtle+Conservation%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+26%E2%80%9330+November+1979&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780874742435&rft.au=H.+O.+Hillestad&rft.au=J.+I.+Richardson&rft.au=C.+McVea&rft.au=J.+M.+Watson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiologyconservat00worl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrimp+fishery" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrimp_fishery&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waittinstitute.org/shrimp/">"Shrimp Fisheries and Aquaculture Factsheet"</a>. Waitt Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shrimp+Fisheries+and+Aquaculture+Factsheet&rft.pub=Waitt+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwaittinstitute.org%2Fshrimp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrimp+fishery" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries<br />science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_dynamics_of_fisheries" title="Population dynamics of fisheries">Population dynamics of fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifting_baseline" title="Shifting baseline">Shifting baseline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_stocks" title="Fish stocks">Fish stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_mortality" title="Fish mortality">Fish mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condition_index_in_fish" title="Condition index in fish">Condition index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_assessment" title="Stock assessment">Stock assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_measurement" title="Fish measurement">Fish measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_weight_in_fish" title="Standard weight in fish">Standard weight in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_counter" title="Fish counter">Fish counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_storage_tag" title="Data storage tag">Data storage tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_per_unit_effort" title="Catch per unit effort">Catch per unit effort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otolith_microchemical_analysis" title="Otolith microchemical analysis">Otolith microchemical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)" title="Biomass (ecology)">Biomass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_acoustics" title="Fisheries acoustics">Fisheries acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoustic_tag" title="Acoustic tag">Acoustic tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coded_wire_tag" title="Coded wire tag">Coded wire tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIS_and_aquatic_science" title="GIS and aquatic science">GIS and aquatic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_satellite_archival_tag" title="Pop-up satellite archival tag">Pop-up satellite archival tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EcoSCOPE" title="EcoSCOPE">EcoSCOPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_class_structure" title="Age class structure">Age class structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">Trophic level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophic_cascade" title="Trophic cascade">Trophic cascades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrographic_containment" title="Hydrographic containment">Hydrographic containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match/mismatch" title="Match/mismatch">Match/mismatch hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_fisheries" title="Climate change and fisheries">Climate change and fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_biology" title="Marine biology">Marine biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ecosystem" title="Aquatic ecosystem">Aquatic ecosystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioeconomics_(fisheries)" title="Bioeconomics (fisheries)">Bioeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EconMult" title="EconMult">EconMult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopath" title="Ecopath">Ecopath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Marine_Life" title="Census of Marine Life">Census of Marine Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSTM/Jason-2" title="OSTM/Jason-2">OSTM/Jason-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fisheries_databases" title="Category:Fisheries databases">Fisheries databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fisheries_and_aquaculture_research_institutes" title="Category:Fisheries and aquaculture research institutes">Institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science#Notable_contributors" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries scientists</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg/140px-Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg/210px-Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg/280px-Great_Barracuda_off_the_Netherland_Antilles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild<br />fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_fisheries" title="Ocean fisheries">Ocean fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_fish" title="Diversity of fish">Diversity of fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fish" title="Coastal fish">Coastal fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_fish" title="Coral reef fish">Coral reef fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Pelagic fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_life_history" title="Eel life history">Eel fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelp#Kelp_in_history_and_culture" title="Kelp">Kelp fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fisheries</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shrimp fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_ladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Eel ladder">Eel ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ladder" title="Fish ladder">Fish ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_screen" title="Fish screen">Fish screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_migration" title="Fish migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_run" title="Salmon run">Salmon run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine_run" title="Sardine run">Sardine run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">Shoaling and schooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_habitat" title="Marine habitat">Marine habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_snow" title="Marine snow">Marine snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_column" title="Water column">Water column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upwelling" title="Upwelling">Upwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Current" title="Humboldt Current">Humboldt current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algal_bloom" title="Algal bloom">Algal blooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_zone_(ecology)" title="Dead zone (ecology)">Dead zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_kill" title="Fish kill">Fish kill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fisheries_law,_management,_sustainability_and_conservation26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_law" title="Fisheries law">Fisheries law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">sustainability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">conservation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_law" title="Fisheries law">Fisheries law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Fish_Stocks_Agreement" title="United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement">United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_Convention" title="Fisheries Convention">Fisheries Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnuson%E2%80%93Stevens_Fishery_Conservation_and_Management_Act" title="Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act">Magnuson–Stevens Act</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg/140px-Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg/210px-Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg/280px-Yellowfin_tuna_nurp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="1106" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_monitoring_control_and_surveillance" title="Fisheries monitoring control and surveillance">Monitoring control and surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vessel_monitoring_system" title="Vessel monitoring system">Vessel monitoring system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishery_Resources_Monitoring_System" title="Fishery Resources Monitoring System">Fishery Resources Monitoring System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_reporting" title="Catch reporting">Catch reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_observer" title="Fisheries observer">Fisheries observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_share" title="Catch share">Catch share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_fishing_quota" title="Individual fishing quota">Individual fishing quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_landing_size" title="Minimum landing size">Minimum landing size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_fishing" title="Pulse fishing">Pulse fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slot_limit" title="Slot limit">Slot limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fisheries_Policy" title="Common Fisheries Policy">EU Common Fisheries Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Fishery_MLS" title="European Fishery MLS">EU MLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Fisheries_Control_Agency" title="European Fisheries Control Agency">European Fisheries Control Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">National Marine Fisheries Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_fishery_body" title="Regional fishery body">Regional fishery body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_fishery_management_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional fishery management organisation">Regional fishery management organisation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Sustainability</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximum_sustainable_yield" title="Maximum sustainable yield">Maximum sustainable yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">List of commercially important fish species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_seafood" title="Sustainable seafood">Sustainable seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing" title="Environmental impact of fishing">Environmental impact of fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_down_the_food_web" title="Fishing down the food web">Fishing down the food web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destructive_fishing_practices" title="Destructive fishing practices">Destructive fishing practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Marine_Animal_Populations" title="Future of Marine Animal Populations">Future of Marine Animal Populations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunken_Billions" title="The Sunken Billions">The Sunken Billions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_the_Line_(book)" title="The End of the Line (book)">The End of the Line</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">Bycatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discards" title="Discards">Discards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incidental_catch" title="Incidental catch">Incidental catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetacean_bycatch" title="Cetacean bycatch">Cetacean bycatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_excluder_device" title="Turtle excluder device">Turtle excluder device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp-Turtle_Case" title="Shrimp-Turtle Case"><i>Shrimp-Turtle</i> case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_protected_area" title="Marine protected area">Marine protected area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserve" title="Marine reserve">Marine reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">Marine conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation_activism" title="Marine conservation activism">Marine conservation activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_conservation" title="Salmon conservation">Salmon conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_nurse_shark_conservation" title="Grey nurse shark conservation">Grey nurse shark conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_sanctuary" title="Shark sanctuary">Shark sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Environmental_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Environmental Agency">European Environmental Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FishAct" title="FishAct">FishAct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Stewardship_Council" title="Marine Stewardship Council">Marine Stewardship Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_Stewardship_Council" title="Aquaculture Stewardship Council">Aquaculture Stewardship Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend_of_the_Sea" title="Friend of the Sea">Friend of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaChoice" title="SeaChoice">SeaChoice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_Watch" title="Seafood Watch">Seafood Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Conservancy" title="Ocean Conservancy">Ocean Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Outcomes" title="Ocean Outcomes">Ocean Outcomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceana_(non-profit_group)" title="Oceana (non-profit group)">Oceana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_Seas_Foundation" title="Save Our Seas Foundation">Save Our Seas Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Around_Us_(organization)" title="Sea Around Us (organization)">Sea Around Us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldFish" title="WorldFish">WorldFish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defying_Ocean%27s_End" title="Defying Ocean's End">Defying Ocean's End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_Ecosystem_Research_and_Man%27s_Impact_On_European_Seas" title="Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas">HERMIONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROFISH" title="PROFISH">PROFISH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Seafood_Sustainability_Foundation" title="International Seafood Sustainability Foundation">International Seafood Sustainability Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society" title="Sea Shepherd Conservation Society">Sea Shepherd Conservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Related issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CalCOFI" title="CalCOFI">CalCOFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_slaughter" title="Fish slaughter">Fish slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">Marine pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fish" title="Mercury in fish">Mercury in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_culling" title="Shark culling">Shark culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_finning" title="Shark finning">Shark finning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_threatened_sharks" title="List of threatened sharks">Threatened sharks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_threatened_rays" title="List of threatened rays">Threatened rays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fishing" title="Outline of fishing">Outline of fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fishing_articles" title="Index of fishing articles">Index of fishing articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fishery_terms" title="Glossary of fishery terms">Glossary of fishery terms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups293" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template talk:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups293" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Principal commercial <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a> species groups</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Large pelagic fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">Tuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albacore" title="Albacore">albacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigeye_tuna" title="Bigeye tuna">bigeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_bluefin_tuna" title="Atlantic bluefin tuna">Atlantic bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_bluefin_tuna" title="Pacific bluefin tuna">Pacific bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna" title="Southern bluefin tuna">southern bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_tuna" title="Skipjack tuna">skipjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">yellowfin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">Capelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">Menhaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">Sprat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_sprat" title="European sprat">european</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">Cod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_cod" title="Pacific cod">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock" title="Alaska pollock">Alaska pollock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">Flatfish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaice" title="Plaice">plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastes" title="Sebastes">Rockfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillaginidae" title="Sillaginidae">Smelt-whitings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothfish">Toothfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">Freshwater fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fish">Other wild fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">Whitebait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustaceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">Prawns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_crustaceans" title="Category:Commercial crustaceans">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">Molluscs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_molluscs" title="Category:Commercial molluscs">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinoderms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber" title="Sea cucumber">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_echinoderms" title="Category:Commercial echinoderms">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fisheries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fishing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shrimp fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_cod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlantic cod"><img alt="Atlantic cod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/140px-Atlantic_cod.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/210px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/280px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="255" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobster_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobster"><img alt="Lobster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/100px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/150px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/200px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2821" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pacific oysters"><img alt="Pacific oysters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/80px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/120px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/160px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Farmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">bighead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carp" title="Common carp">common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucian_carp" title="Crucian carp">crucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_carp" title="Grass carp">grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">silver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_prawn_farming" title="Freshwater prawn farming">Freshwater prawns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-head_bream" title="Gilt-head bream">Gilt-head bream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">Salmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">salmon trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_shrimp_farming" title="Marine shrimp farming">Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">World fish production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">Commercial species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishing_topics_by_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fishing topics by subject">Fishing topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries glossary">Fisheries glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fishing_industry_topics23" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups" title="Template:Navbox with collapsible groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups" title="Template talk:Navbox with collapsible groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with collapsible groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fishing_industry_topics23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Fishing industry topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Wild_fisheries23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild fisheries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Fishing industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Artisanal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">Bycatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declawing_of_crabs" title="Declawing of crabs">Declawing of crabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_slaughter" title="Fish slaughter">Fish slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvested_aquatic_animals_by_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of harvested aquatic animals by weight">List of harvested aquatic animals by weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pair_trawling" title="Pair trawling">Pair trawling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwater_trawling" title="Midwater trawling">Midwater trawling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_trawling" title="Bottom trawling">Bottom trawling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine_fishing" title="Seine fishing">Seining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillnetting" title="Gillnetting">Gillnetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longline_fishing" title="Longline fishing">Longlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_dredge" title="Fishing dredge">Dredging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">Fish trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puretic_power_block" title="Puretic power block">Power block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_finning" title="Shark finning">Shark finning</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RV_Celtic_Explorer,_Galway_Bay,_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg/140px-RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg/210px-RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg/280px-RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1023" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries">Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agulhas_Bank" title="Agulhas Bank">Agulhas Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing by country">Fishing by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_fishing_in_Africa" title="Illegal fishing in Africa">Illegal fishing in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_fisheries" title="Ocean fisheries">Ocean fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">World fish production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_the_North_Sea" title="Fishing in the North Sea">North Sea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shrimp fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Aquaculture_and_farmed_fisheries23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">farmed fisheries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture engineering">Aquaculture engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaponics" title="Aquaponics">Aquaponics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best_Aquaculture_Practices_(BAP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP)">Best practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_alloys_in_aquaculture" title="Copper alloys in aquaculture">Copper alloys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy_and_aquaculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Geothermal energy and aquaculture">Geothermal energy and aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_saline_aquaculture" title="Inland saline aquaculture">Inland saline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_multi-trophic_aquaculture" title="Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture">Integrated multi-trophic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariculture" title="Mariculture">Mariculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimicrobials_in_aquaculture" title="Antimicrobials in aquaculture">Antimicrobials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_aquaculture" title="Offshore aquaculture">Offshore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_aquaculture" title="Organic aquaculture">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raceway_(aquaculture)" title="Raceway (aquaculture)">Raceway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recirculating_aquaculture_system" title="Recirculating aquaculture system">Recirculating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broodstock" title="Broodstock">Broodstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_cobia" title="Aquaculture of cobia">Cobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fish_feed" title="Commercial fish feed">Fish feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hatchery" title="Fish hatchery">Fish hatchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_stocking" title="Fish stocking">Fish stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spawning_bed" title="Spawning bed">Spawning bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailwater" title="Tailwater">Tailwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fish_Hatchery_System" title="National Fish Hatchery System">US hatcheries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Algaculture" title="Algaculture">Algaculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_giant_kelp" title="Aquaculture of giant kelp">Giant kelp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_microalgae_in_hatcheries" title="Culture of microalgae in hatcheries">Microalgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microalgal_bacterial_flocs" title="Microalgal bacterial flocs">Microalgal bacterial flocs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photobioreactor" title="Photobioreactor">Photobioreactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raceway_pond" title="Raceway pond">Raceway pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em">Other species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_brine_shrimp" title="Aquaculture of brine shrimp">Brine shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_aquaculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral aquaculture">Coral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_prawn_farming" title="Freshwater prawn farming">Freshwater prawns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoduck_aquaculture" title="Geoduck aquaculture">Geoduck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirudiculture" title="Hirudiculture">Hirudiculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_shrimp_farming" title="Marine shrimp farming">Marine shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_aquaculture" title="Octopus aquaculture">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_sea_cucumbers" title="Aquaculture of sea cucumbers">Sea cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_sponge_aquaculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea sponge aquaculture">Sea sponges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_farming" title="Turtle farming">Turtles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Australia" title="Aquaculture in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Canada" title="Aquaculture in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Chile" title="Aquaculture in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Aquaculture in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Fiji" title="Aquaculture in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Indonesia" title="Aquaculture in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Kiribati" title="Aquaculture in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Madagascar" title="Aquaculture in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Aquaculture in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Nauru" title="Aquaculture in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Aquaculture in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Palau" title="Aquaculture in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Aquaculture in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_Philippines" title="Aquaculture in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Samoa" title="Aquaculture in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_South_Africa" title="Aquaculture in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_South_Korea" title="Aquaculture in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Timor-Leste" title="Aquaculture in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Tonga" title="Aquaculture in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Tuvalu" title="Aquaculture in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Aquaculture in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Alaska" title="Aquaculture in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Hawaiian_aquaculture" title="Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Maine" title="Aquaculture in Maine">Maine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Vanuatu" title="Aquaculture in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Seafood_processing_and_marketing23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Seafood processing and marketing</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em">Seafood processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Fish processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_factory" title="Fish factory">Fish factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factory_ship" title="Factory ship">Factory ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_preservation" title="Fish preservation">Fish preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slurry_ice" title="Slurry ice">Slurry ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_fish" title="Dried fish">Dried fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filleted_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Filleted fish">Filleted fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbing" title="Gibbing">Gibbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_cannery" title="Salmon cannery">Salmon cannery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salted_fish" title="Salted fish">Salted fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_fish" title="Smoked fish">Smoked fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">Kippers</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_Packed_in_Ice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Fish_Packed_in_Ice.jpg/140px-Fish_Packed_in_Ice.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Fish_Packed_in_Ice.jpg/210px-Fish_Packed_in_Ice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Fish_Packed_in_Ice.jpg/280px-Fish_Packed_in_Ice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em">Seafood products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish (food)">Fish as food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_liver_oil" title="Cod liver oil">Cod liver oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_products" title="Fish products">Fish products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_emulsion" title="Fish emulsion">Fish emulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_meal" title="Fish meal">Fish meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hydrolysate" title="Fish hydrolysate">Fish hydrolysate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">Fish oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_protein_powder" title="Fish protein powder">Fish protein powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravlax" title="Gravlax">Gravlax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1karl" title="Hákarl">Hákarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">Lox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutefisk" title="Lutefisk">Lutefisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakfisk" title="Rakfisk">Rakfisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottarga" title="Bottarga">Bottarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoran" title="Eoran">Eoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_caviar" title="Red caviar">Red caviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock_roe" title="Pollock roe">Pollock roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobiko" title="Tobiko">Tobiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasumi" title="Karasumi">Karasumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">Shrimp paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surimi" title="Surimi">Surimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surstr%C3%B6mming" title="Surströmming">Surströmming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em">Seafood marketing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_marketing" title="Fish marketing">Fish marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_fish_trade" title="Live fish trade">Live fish trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_marketing" title="Shrimp marketing">Shrimp marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasse-mar%C3%A9e" title="Chasse-marée">Chasse-marée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishmonger" title="Fishmonger">Fishmonger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishwife" title="Fishwife">Fishwife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Fishmongers" title="Worshipful Company of Fishmongers">Worshipful Company of Fishmongers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Fish markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billingsgate_Fish_Market" title="Billingsgate Fish Market">Billingsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busan_Cooperative_Fish_Market" title="Busan Cooperative Fish Market">Busan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Market" title="English Market">English (Ireland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Fish_Market" title="Fulton Fish Market">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garak_Market" title="Garak Market">Garak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_Fish_Auction" title="Honolulu Fish Auction">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiroad_Dry_Fish_Market" title="Jagiroad Dry Fish Market">Jagiroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagalchi_Market" title="Jagalchi Market">Jagalchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Nueva_Viga_Market" title="La Nueva Viga Market">La Nueva Viga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Avenue_Fish_Market" title="Maine Avenue Fish Market">Maine Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muara_Angke" title="Muara Angke">Muara Angke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott_fish_market" title="Nouakchott fish market">Nouakchott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noryangjin_Fisheries_Wholesale_Market" title="Noryangjin Fisheries Wholesale Market">Noryangjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oluwo_fish_market" title="Oluwo fish market">Oluwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasil_Fish_Market" title="Pasil Fish Market">Pasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterhead_Fish_Market" title="Peterhead Fish Market">Peterhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_Place_Fish_Market" title="Pike Place Fish Market">Pike Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Fish_Market" title="Sydney Fish Market">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scania_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Scania Market">Scania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Fish_Market" title="Taipei Fish Market">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyosu_Market" title="Toyosu Market">Toyosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukiji_fish_market" title="Tsukiji fish market">Tsukiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulsan_Wholesale_Agricultural_and_Fish_Market" title="Ulsan Wholesale Agricultural and Fish Market">Ulsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfront_Market" title="Waterfront Market">Waterfront (Dubai)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28122614#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata753" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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