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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Thomas+Gage%22+priest">"Thomas Gage" priest</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Thomas+Gage%22+priest+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Thomas+Gage%22+priest&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Thomas+Gage%22+priest+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Thomas+Gage%22+priest">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Thomas+Gage%22+priest&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Page,_Nieuwe_ende_seer_naeuwkeurige_reyse_door_de_Spaensche_West-Indien_van_Thomas_Gage,_engraved_title_page,_1700.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Thomas_Page%2C_Nieuwe_ende_seer_naeuwkeurige_reyse_door_de_Spaensche_West-Indien_van_Thomas_Gage%2C_engraved_title_page%2C_1700.jpg/220px-Thomas_Page%2C_Nieuwe_ende_seer_naeuwkeurige_reyse_door_de_Spaensche_West-Indien_van_Thomas_Gage%2C_engraved_title_page%2C_1700.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Thomas_Page%2C_Nieuwe_ende_seer_naeuwkeurige_reyse_door_de_Spaensche_West-Indien_van_Thomas_Gage%2C_engraved_title_page%2C_1700.jpg/330px-Thomas_Page%2C_Nieuwe_ende_seer_naeuwkeurige_reyse_door_de_Spaensche_West-Indien_van_Thomas_Gage%2C_engraved_title_page%2C_1700.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Thomas_Page%2C_Nieuwe_ende_seer_naeuwkeurige_reyse_door_de_Spaensche_West-Indien_van_Thomas_Gage%2C_engraved_title_page%2C_1700.jpg/440px-Thomas_Page%2C_Nieuwe_ende_seer_naeuwkeurige_reyse_door_de_Spaensche_West-Indien_van_Thomas_Gage%2C_engraved_title_page%2C_1700.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="3038" /></a><figcaption>Engraved title page from the Dutch translation of Thomas Gage's <i>The English-American his travail by sea and land: or, A new survey of the West-Indies</i> (Amsterdam 1700)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Thomas Gage</b> (c. 1603 – 1656)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican friar</a>, best known for his travel writing on <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> and Central America during a sojourn there of over a decade. He closely observes colonial society and culture. On his return to England in 1637 he converted to <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas Gage was the son of son of John Gage of Haling, Surrey, by Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Copley of Gatton in that county. Both of his parents were condemned to death. The family were strong Catholics and intermarried with other Catholic families, including that of Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a>, the former Lord Chancellor. </p><p>Gage was born into a long-established <a href="/wiki/Recusancy" title="Recusancy">recusant</a> family in Surrey: both his parents had been condemned to death and then reprieved for harbouring Catholic priests, while an uncle had been executed for his role in the <a href="/wiki/Babington_Plot" title="Babington Plot">Babington Plot</a> to assassinate Elizabeth I in 1586. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Southwell_(Jesuit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Southwell (Jesuit)">Robert Southwell</a>, the Jesuit martyr, was a cousin. </p><p>The family's Catholicism was practised behind closed doors. His three older brothers followed in the Catholic tradition. The eldest was the Royalist soldier Colonel Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gage_(knight)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Gage (knight)">Henry Gage</a> (1597–1645), who fought on the Continent for Catholic Spain and eventually in England for <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/J._Eric_S._Thompson" title="J. Eric S. Thompson">J. Eric S. Thompson</a>, Henry Gage "strove entirely to eradicate all remembrance of Thomas and his misdeeds from his mind." <a href="/wiki/George_Gage_(diplomat)" title="George Gage (diplomat)">George Gage</a> was a diplomat and priest, who also disavowed "my graceless brother"; and William was a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John Gage wanted his son Thomas to become a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a>, and to this end sent him for a schooling with the Jesuits of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_St._Omer" class="mw-redirect" title="College of St. Omer">College of St. Omer</a> in the Low Countries and seems to have been an unremarkable pupil. From St Omer he was sent for further education with a view to becoming a Jesuit priest at the English College at <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> was the scene of a good deal of rivalry and bad feelings between the different religious orders, a situation worsened by the temperamental and political tensions between the Spanish and the English. Gage developed a contempt for the Jesuits and chose the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a>. He joined the Dominicans in <a href="/wiki/Jerez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerez">Jerez</a>, Spain, taking the religious name Tomás de Santa María, and his pro-Jesuit father disinherited him.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He volunteered in 1625 for the mission to the Philippines. Before his departure a royal decree forbade any foreigner, under severe penalties, to go to the Spanish colonies. Fellow friars aided Gage to board the ship for the Indies, and he was hidden in a barrel and the party of thirty or so <a href="/wiki/Dominican_friar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican friar">Dominican friars</a> sailed from Cadiz, on 2 July 1625.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Spanish_Americas">In the Spanish Americas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In the Spanish Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The route led through <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, where Gage decided to remain and for a time taught Latin in the convent school. By Gage's own account, in Mexico City he heard from a friar who had run away from his duties in the Philippines that the Dominican superiors there were cruel and harsh and the friars corrupt and worldly. In order to escape onward posting to the Philippines, Gage and three other friars escaped from Mexico for Guatemala. Here he was accepted by the Dominicans as a useful addition to their manpower. He spent two or three years in the priory in <a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Santiago de los Caballeros</a>, where he seems to have liked the opportunity to study but began to have religious doubts and was led to ask to return to England. The Dominican authorities refused, on the grounds that missionaries had to remain in the Americas for ten years. </p><p>Further embittered, he decided to accompany friar Francisco Moran into new territories of Guatemala to learn the language and ways of the Amerinds. This he did and preached to two communities of Mixco and Pinola for five years. It seems likely that this was already in his mind at least in part a largely mercenary operation, aimed at gathering funds to finance a return to England. Gage gathered a handsome 9,000 crowns, in what proportion honestly gained is left unclear. By 1635, with this sum accumulated, Gage, now increasingly disenchanted with Spanish America, was ready to return to Europe, requested permission from the Dominican Provincial, was refused and was posted instead to <a href="/wiki/Petapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Petapa">Petapa</a>. After a year there he decided to run for it. All in all, he had spent the years 1625–1637 in Mexico and Guatemala. </p><p>Turning his wealth into pearls and precious stones, on 7 January 1637, he made his way through Nicaragua and sailed from Costa Rica on 4 February. He was captured by Dutch corsairs led by <a href="/wiki/Diego_el_Mulato" title="Diego el Mulato">Diego el Mulato</a> en route. Gage was unharmed and was allowed to keep some books and paintings, but lost all his other valuables.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He finally reached Spain on 28 November 1637, and in 1638 arrived in England. There, after an absence of twenty-six years, he discovered that he had been disowned and disinherited by his father, long deceased, though he was welcomed and treated well by his family. He could not get along with his fellow Dominicans in England and soon travelled to Rome, though his doubts about his faith continued. On the way out he called on his brother Colonel <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gage_(soldier)" title="Henry Gage (soldier)">Henry Gage</a> at his winter quarters near <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>. This journey, lengthened by ill health and wartime conditions, brought him a number of adventures, but also the opportunity to visit Protestant communities in both Germany and France. In Rome, where he continued to conceal his leaning toward Protestantism, he involved himself in a variety of intrigues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversion_to_Anglicanism">Conversion to Anglicanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conversion to Anglicanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Without doubt, he encountered cases of the sort of laxity which the Dominican and other orders were trying to remedy in other parts of the world. Clerical scandals are not new, either. At the same time, Gage dedicates his energies to telling the world tales such as that of the friars playing cards, with one friar who jokingly scoops the winnings into the sleeve of his habit, saying that Dominicans are forbidden to touch money. An incident like that may have been marked by bad taste, and it may have been symptomatic of a less-than-devout atmosphere, but it might also not merit a change of religion. Another story recounted with disdain by a Gage who against his vows amassed a fortune, is of the Spanish friar noted for his learning who was <a href="/wiki/Excommunication_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunication (Catholic Church)">excommunicated</a> when money was found in his quarters. Gage seems to be by temperament a bitter pill and later in life seems distinctly unhinged. </p><p>Despairing now perhaps more or less of everything, he returned from Rome to England in September 1640, and began to take an active part in the parliamentary troubles in England, and then in 1642 publicly abandoned the Catholic Church for a Puritanical form of Anglicanism. He became a "Preacher of the Word", and as a means to improve the lukewarm reception he had received among Protestants and by the Parliamentarian part, he married. Though for this he was rewarded with the rectorship of <a href="/wiki/Acrise" title="Acrise">Acrise</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, he had won for himself general ridicule by a sermon he preached that summer in St Paul's, London, and published in October under the title "The Tyranny of Satan, discovered by the teares of a converted sinner [...] by Thomas Gage, formerly a Romish Priest, for the space of 38 yeares, and now truly reconciled to the Church of England". In December 1642 he testified against the priest <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holland_(Jesuit)" title="Thomas Holland (Jesuit)">Thomas Holland</a>, whom he had known at St. Omer and Valladolid, and obtained a sentence of hanging, drawing and quartering which was effectively carried out. The following year, 1643 it was the turn of the Franciscan <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bell_(saint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Bell (saint)">Francis Bell</a>, with the same result. On 7 September 1644, the Jesuit <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Corby" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Corby">Ralph Corby</a> was executed on his evidence. </p><p>Gage then set about publicizing his life's experience, and published his now-famous book, <i>The English-American his Travails by Sea and Land</i> in 1648, which was as much a political pamphlet and an adventurer's prospectus as a traveller's tale. </p><p>That of Thomas Holland was not the only death for which Gage was responsible among the Catholics. In 1650 two priests were arrested, the Jesuit <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wright_(Jesuit)" title="Peter Wright (Jesuit)">Peter Wright</a> and the Dominican Thomas Middleton or Dade. Wright had been a chaplain in <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a> and in England to Thomas Gage's soldier brother Henry and had attended Henry at his death. Dade was the provincial of the English Dominicans. Gage was the chief prosecution witness. His brother George visited him and pleaded with him not to stain himself with judicial murder. Thomas Gage promised to desist and did get Dade, against whom he had a personal grudge, off the charge. Possibly Gage was afraid for his own safety if he let the trial collapse. The execution of Wright was not popular and Gage's treachery, compounded by his attack on his late brother Henry's good name, earned even the rebuke of the court. </p><p>In 1651 came an attempt to win back some public regard with his <i>A duell betvveen a Iesuite and a Dominican : begun at Paris, gallantly fought at Madrid, and victoriously ended at London, upon fryday the 16-day of May, Anno Dom. 1651 / by Thomas Gage, alias the English American, now preacher of the word at Deal in Kent</i>, in several printings, and then his <i>A full survey of Sion and Babylon, and a clear vindication of the parish-churches and parochial-ministers of England [...], or, A Scripture disproof, and syllogistical conviction of M. Charles Nichols, of Kent : delivered in three Sabbath-dayes sermons in the parish church of Deal in Kent, after a publick dispute in the same church with the said Mr. Charles Nichols, upon the 20. day of October 1653</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Informer">Informer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Informer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not only was Gage not a silent convert, but he was also prepared to go to great lengths to persecute his former faith. He obtained the death sentence for <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holland_(Jesuit)" title="Thomas Holland (Jesuit)">Thomas Holland</a> (1642), <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bell_(martyr)" title="Arthur Bell (martyr)">Francis Bell</a> (1643), <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Corby" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Corby">Ralph Corby</a> (1644) and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wright_(Blessed)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Wright (Blessed)">Peter Wright</a> (1651). In 1649 he is said to have been summoned by the Council of State, presumably to provide information about Catholic priests. In fact, there is a record of a Thomas Gage being arrested in 1617, and brought before the Privy Council. It cannot be excluded that this was our Thomas Gage and that the Council released him in return for his becoming a spy, though this is not proved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_travel_writer">The travel writer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The travel writer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Gage_title_page_1648.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Thomas_Gage_title_page_1648.jpg/220px-Thomas_Gage_title_page_1648.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Thomas_Gage_title_page_1648.jpg/330px-Thomas_Gage_title_page_1648.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Thomas_Gage_title_page_1648.jpg/440px-Thomas_Gage_title_page_1648.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3041" data-file-height="4843" /></a><figcaption>Title page, <i>The English-American his travail by sea and land: or, A new survey of the West-Indies</i>, London 1648</figcaption></figure> <p>When the Civil War brought success for the Revolution, he had aligned himself become closely with <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>. In 1648 he published <i>The English-American, or a New Survey of the West Indies</i>, a mixture of some original with plagiarized material, taken in later editions especially from the compilation by the parson <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Purchas" title="Samuel Purchas">Samuel Purchas</a> and from the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispania_Victrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispania Victrix (page does not exist)">Hispania Victrix</a></i> (1552) by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Lopez_de_G%C3%B3mara" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Lopez de Gómara">Francisco Lopez de Gómara</a> (1511-1562). Though full of exaggerations and some flagrant romancing, the book made a sensation and for the first time made public a description of the Spanish possessions in America. It was to be reprinted in expanded editions, in extracts and in translations thereafter. In this book, addressed to Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax" title="Thomas Fairfax">Thomas Fairfax</a>, Lord Fairfax of Cameron, the Parliamentary Captain-General, Gage promotes the view that the Spanish dominions with their long coastlines and weak defences would be an easy prey for English forces and urges such an attack as a sort of religious duty and mission upon the English. If God raised the Puritans to purify England, how much more needing remedy were the Catholic-dominated regions of the Americas, subjugated by what Gage considers their notoriously corrupt clergy? The thesis was that it would be possible to attack and loot Spanish possessions in the Americas, without embarking upon a costly war in Europe. The book made special mention of whatever might assist an invading army—roads, fortifications, populations, and layouts of towns. It is hard to set aside the suspicion that the details in the book were the fruit of the observations of a professional spy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_military_adventurer">The military adventurer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The military adventurer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the strength of Gage's undoubted experience in the Caribbean and Central America, this appeal was heeded, especially with the ending of the Anglo-Dutch war in 1654 led Cromwell to be attentive to new foreign policy openings. In a secretly planned operation, a force of 18 warships, 20 transport vessels and 3,000 men set sail from <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> on Christmas Day 1654 with Gage on board as chaplain and guide and arrived at Barbados a month later. In practice, the soldiers were in part the most troublesome members of their regiments, in part newly pressed Londoners. An additional 6,000 troops, untrained and badly disciplined, were raised from servants and freemen in the colonies of Barbados, Montserrat, Nevis and St Kitts. </p><p>Supplies ran low, the joint commanders squabbled and morale plunged when the soldiers learned they were not to plunder the Spanish colonies. The aim was to secure a base of operations in the Caribbean and from there to threaten Spanish trade and treasure routes in Central America and weaken Catholic influence in the Americas. Arriving off Santo Domingo on 13 April 1655, the expedition found that it had been reported beforehand and the Spaniards were ready. On shore, the English forces suffered greatly from heat and drought during their march through difficult tropical terrain. Moreover, contrary to Gage's confident prediction, the Indians fighting with the Spanish had taken measures of defence. Coupled with the democratic habits of the Roundheads, the result was a fiasco. </p><p>Moving on, the fleet anchored on 11 May off Jamaica, landed the troops of General Venables, and, after a desperate resistance by the Spaniards, captured the island. Though Spain formally ceded Jamaica to England in 1670, the <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_maroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaican maroons">maroons</a> (enslaved Africans freed by their Spanish masters) harassed the English efficiently into the 18th century. The expeditions commanders were later to be charged with deserting their posts, briefly imprisoned in the Tower, and relieved of their commands. As to Thomas Gage, before the immediate operation was concluded he died (probably of dysentery) in 1656. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Thomas_Gage_(1603-1656)" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Thomas Gage (1603-1656)">Thomas Gage</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/J._Eric_S._Thompson" title="J. Eric S. Thompson">Thompson, J. Eric S.</a> "Editor's Introduction" in <i>Thomas Gage's Travels in the New World</i> (1648). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1958, p. v</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dawn McGrady, "Thomas Gage" in <i>Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture</i>, vol.3, p. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Thomas Gage" in <i>A Reference Guide to Latin American History</i>, "Part III, 300 Notable Figures of Latin American History. Ed. James Henderson et al. London: M.E. Sharpe, 2000, p. 468.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, "Editor's Introduction", p. xiii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGrady, "Thomas Gage" p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newton, Norman. <i>Thomas Gage in Spanish America</i>. New York: Barnes & Noble 1969, pp. 17, 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newton, <i>Thomas Gage in Spanish America</i>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGerassi-Navarro1999" class="citation book cs1">Gerassi-Navarro, Nina (5 October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KHpUBiGNFWgC&pg=PA143"><i>Pirate Novels: Fictions of Nation Building in Spanish America</i></a>. Duke University Press. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2393-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2393-8"><bdi>978-0-8223-2393-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pirate+Novels%3A+Fictions+of+Nation+Building+in+Spanish+America&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1999-10-05&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2393-8&rft.aulast=Gerassi-Navarro&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKHpUBiGNFWgC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Gage+%28priest%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editions">Editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A.P. Newton (ed.), <i>Thomas Gage, The English-American: A New Survey of the West Indies, 1648</i>, Routledge, London, 1946.</li> <li>J.E.S. Thompson (ed.), <i>Thomas Gage's Travels in the New World</i>, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1958.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studies">Studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Newton, Norman. <i>Thomas Gage in Spanish America</i>, Faber & Faber, London, 1969 (retells Gage's story on the basis of his memoirs; with relatively recent bibliography). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-08799-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-08799-X">0-571-08799-X</a></li> <li>Thompson, J. Eric S. "Editor's Introduction" in <i>Thomas Gage's Travels in the New World</i>. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1958. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-1904-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-1904-7">0-8061-1904-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gage_(priest)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/47852">Works by Thomas Gage</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=451">Article by Hether Sebens</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishamericanh00gage">Complete digital facsimile of <i>The English-American his travail by sea and land: or, A new survey of the West-India's</i> (1648)</a> from the <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Brown_Library" title="John Carter Brown Library">John Carter Brown Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b31365759">1928 abridged edition of <i>The English-American</i></a> from the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Gage%2C+Thomas%2C+1603%3F-1656%22">Fully digitized works by Thomas Gage on Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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