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vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Charme (física)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 17 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A9_(%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A)" title="فتنة (عدد كمي) — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فتنة (عدد كمي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="Чароўнасць (квантавы лік) — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чароўнасць (квантавы лік)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encant_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Encant (física) — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Encant (física)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%AFvab_(%C4%8D%C3%A1stice)" title="Půvab (částice) — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Půvab (částice)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%80%D1%82%D3%B3%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF)" title="Илĕртӳлĕх (квантла хисеп) — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Илĕртӳлĕх (квантла хисеп)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_(Physik)" title="Charm (Physik) — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charm (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_(quantum_number)" title="Charm (quantum number) — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Charm (quantum number)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%87" title="گیرایش ذره — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیرایش ذره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briocht" title="Briocht — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Briocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84" title="Տարրական մասնիկների հմայք — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տարրական մասնիկների հմայք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_(numero_quantico)" title="Charm (numero quantico) — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charm (numero quantico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0_(%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B0)" title="チャーム (量子数) — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャーム (量子数)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="Очарование (квантовое число) — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Очарование (квантовое число)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Car_(fizika)" title="Čar (fizika) — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čar (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1ls%C4%B1m_(kuantum_say%C4%B1s%C4%B1)" title="Tılsım (kuantum sayısı) — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tılsım (kuantum sayısı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Чарівність — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чарівність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%B2%E6%95%B0" title="粲数 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="粲数" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2639620#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charme_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Sem_fontes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/40px-Question_book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/60px-Question_book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/80px-Question_book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Este artigo <b>não cita <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipédia:Verificabilidade">fontes confiáveis</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">inserir referências</a>. Conteúdo não <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipédia:Verificabilidade">verificável</a> pode ser removido.—<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Charme+%28f%C3%ADsica%29">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Charme+%28f%C3%ADsica%29&oq=Charme+%28f%C3%ADsica%29">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Charme+%28f%C3%ADsica%29">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Charme+%28f%C3%ADsica%29">A</a>)</span></small></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Agosto de 2021</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width:19em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #efefef; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Sabor_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Sabor (física)">Sabor</a> em <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_Part%C3%ADculas" class="mw-redirect" title="Física de Partículas">Física de Partículas</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_qu%C3%A2ntico" title="Número quântico">Números quânticos</a> de sabor</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isospin" title="Isospin">Isospin</a>: <b>I</b> ou <i>I</i><sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encanto_(f%C3%ADsica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Encanto (física)">Charme</a>: <i>C</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estranheza_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Estranheza (física)">Estranheza</a>: <i>S</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superioridade_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Superioridade (física)">Superioridade</a>: <i>T</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferioridade" title="Inferioridade">Inferioridade</a>: <i>B</i>′</li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Números quânticos relacionados</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_bari%C3%B4nico" title="Número bariônico">Número bariônico</a>: <i>B</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_lept%C3%B4nico" title="Número leptônico">Número leptônico</a>: <i>L</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isospin_fraco" title="Isospin fraco">Isospin fraco</a>: <b>T</b> or <i>T</i><sub>3</sub></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9trica" title="Carga elétrica">Carga elétrica</a>: <i>Q</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X_(carga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X (carga) (página não existe)">Carga X</a>: <i>X</i></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Combinações</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hipercarga" title="Hipercarga">Hipercarga</a>: <i>Y</i> <ul><li><i>Y</i> = (<i>B</i> + <i>S</i> + <i>C</i> + <i>B</i>′ + <i>T</i>)</li> <li><i>Y</i> = 2 (<i>Q</i> − <i>I</i><sub>3</sub>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipercarga_fraca" title="Hipercarga fraca">Hipercarga fraca</a>: <i>Y</i><sub>W</sub> <ul><li><i>Y</i><sub>W</sub> = 2 (<i>Q</i> − <i>T</i><sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><i>X</i> + 2<i>Y</i><sub>W</sub> = 5 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=B_%E2%88%92_L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B − L (página não existe)"><i>B</i> − <i>L</i></a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Mistura de sabores</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabibbo%E2%80%93Kobayashi%E2%80%93Maskawa_matrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix (página não existe)">Matrix CKM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontecorvo%E2%80%93Maki%E2%80%93Nakagawa%E2%80%93Sakata_matrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix (página não existe)">Matrix PMN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Complementaridade_Quark%E2%80%93lepton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Complementaridade Quark–lepton (página não existe)">Complementaridade de sabor</a></li></ul> <hr /> <center><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar"><span style="word-spacing:0">Esta caixa: </span><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Sabor_em_f%C3%ADsica" title="Predefinição:Sabor em física"><span title="Ver esta predefinição">ver</span></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Sabor_em_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Sabor em física (página não existe)"><span title="Discutir esta predefinição">discutir</span></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Sabor_em_f%C3%ADsica&action=edit"><span title="Editar esta predefinição">editar</span></a></li></ul></div></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charme</b> ou <b>encanto</b> (símbolo <b>C</b>) é um <a href="/wiki/Sabor_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Sabor (física)">sabor</a> representando a diferença entre o número de <a href="/wiki/Quark_charme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark charme">quark charme</a> e dos <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_charme" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark charme">antiquark charme</a> que estão presentes em uma partícula: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C=n_{\text{c}}-n_{\mathrm {\overline {c}} }.\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>c</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C=n_{\text{c}}-n_{\mathrm {\overline {c}} }.\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7653fcabcf5984318eeb2a93d2fa90bea7e0934b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.127ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C=n_{\text{c}}-n_{\mathrm {\overline {c}} }.\ }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Por convenção o sinal desse número quântico concorda com o sinal da <a href="/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9trica" title="Carga elétrica">carga elétrica</a> portado pelo quark do sabor correspondente. O quark charme que porta uma carga elétrica (<b>Q</b>) de +<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68633685">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac" role="math"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>, porta um sabor charme de +1. O antiquark charme têm a <a href="/wiki/Carga_(f%C3%ADsica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carga (física)">carga</a> oposta (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>Q</i> = −<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68633685"><span class="frac" role="math"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span></span> e número de charme: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>C</i> = −1</span>). </p><p>Como com outros números de sabor quântico relatados, a inferioridade é preservada sobre a <a href="/wiki/Intera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_forte" class="mw-redirect" title="Interação forte">interação forte</a> e <a href="/wiki/Intera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_eletromagn%C3%A9tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Interação eletromagnética">interação eletromagnética</a>, mas não sobre a <a href="/wiki/Intera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_fraca" title="Interação fraca">interação fraca</a>(veja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matrix_CKM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matrix CKM (página não existe)">Matrix CKM</a>). Para decaimento fracos de primeira ordem, em que o processo envolve o decaimento de apenas um <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quark</a>, o encanto pode variar 1 unidade(<span style="white-space:nowrap;">|<i>C</i>| = ±1</span>). Desde que processos de decaimento de primeira ordem são mais comuns que processos de decaimento de segunda ordem(envolvendo o decaimento de dois quarks), isso pode ser usado como uma aproximação de regra de seleção para decaimentos fracos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charme_(f%C3%ADsica)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charme_(f%C3%ADsica)&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferioridade" title="Inferioridade">Inferioridade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isospin" title="Isospin">Isospin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_charm" title="Quark charm">Quark charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabor_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Sabor (física)">Sabor (física)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superioridade_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Superioridade (física)">Superioridade (física)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leitura_complementar">Leitura complementar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charme_(f%C3%ADsica)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Leitura complementar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charme_(f%C3%ADsica)&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Leitura complementar"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0906/0906.1271v2.pdf">Lessons in Particle Physics</a> Luis Anchordoqui and Francis Halzen, Universidade de Wisconsin, 18 de dezembro de 2009.</li></ul> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:U%2B269B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/U%2B269B.svg/35px-U%2B269B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/U%2B269B.svg/53px-U%2B269B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/U%2B269B.svg/70px-U%2B269B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charme_(f%C3%ADsica)&action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position:absolute; right:15px; font-size:smaller; display:none;"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Esbo%C3%A7o-f%C3%ADsica" title="Predefinição:Esboço-física"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Esbo%C3%A7o-f%C3%ADsica" title="Predefinição Discussão:Esboço-física"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Esbo%C3%A7o-f%C3%ADsica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Física_de_partículas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Part%C3%ADculas_elementares" title="Predefinição:Partículas elementares"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Part%C3%ADculas_elementares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Partículas elementares (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Part%C3%ADculas_elementares&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Física_de_partículas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas">Física de partículas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_elementar" title="Partícula elementar">Elementar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rmion" title="Férmion">Férmions</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">Quarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Quark_u" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark u">u</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_d" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark d">d</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_c" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark c">c</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_s" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark s">s</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_t" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark t">t</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_b" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark b">b</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_u" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark u"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">u</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_d" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark d"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">d</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_c" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark c"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">c</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_s" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark s"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">s</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_t" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark t"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">t</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_b" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark b"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">b</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9pton" title="Lépton">Léptons</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>e<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left">−<br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3sitron" title="Pósitron"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>e<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left">+<br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mu%C3%A3o" title="Muão"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>μ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left">−<br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%BAon" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimúon"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>μ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left">+<br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tau" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>τ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left">−<br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antitau" title="Antitau"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>τ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left">+<br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_do_el%C3%A9tron" title="Neutrino do elétron"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>ν<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br />e</span></span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_do_el%C3%A9tron" title="Antineutrino do elétron"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br />e</span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_do_m%C3%BAon" title="Neutrino do múon"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>ν<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br />μ</span></span></a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_de_m%C3%BAon" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino de múon"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br />μ</span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_do_tau" title="Neutrino do tau"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>ν<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br />τ</span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_do_tau" title="Antineutrino do tau"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br />τ</span></span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3son" title="Bóson">Bósons</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3son_de_calibre" title="Bóson de calibre">Gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Fóton"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>γ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BAon" title="Glúon"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>g<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3sons_W_e_Z" title="Bósons W e Z"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>W<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left">±<br /></span></span> <b>·</b>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>Z<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3son_escalar" title="Bóson escalar">Escalar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3son_de_Higgs" title="Bóson de Higgs"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>H<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left">0<br /></span></span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Outras</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fantasma_de_Faddeev%E2%80%93Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasma de Faddeev–Popov">Fantasma de Faddeev–Popov</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADculas_hipot%C3%A9ticas" class="mw-redirect" title="Partículas hipotéticas">Hipotéticas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/S-part%C3%ADcula" title="S-partícula">S-partículas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gaugino" title="Gaugino">Gauginos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gluino" title="Gluino">Gluino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gravitino" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Outras</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Axino" title="Axino">Axino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Chargino" title="Chargino">Chargino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Higgsino" title="Higgsino">Higgsino</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralino</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A9rmion" title="Sférmion">Sférmion</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Outras</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81xion" title="Áxion">A<sup>0</sup></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Dilaton" title="Dilaton">Dilaton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A1viton" title="Gráviton">G</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Majoron" title="Majoron"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>J<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Monopolo_magn%C3%A9tico" title="Monopolo magnético">m</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1quion" title="Táquion">Táquion</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3sons_X_e_Y" title="Bósons X e Y"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>X<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span> <b>·</b>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>Y<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3sons_W%27_e_Z%27" title="Bósons W' e Z'">W' <b>·</b>  Z'</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_est%C3%A9ril" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrino estéril">Neutrino estéril</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_composta" title="Partícula composta">Composta</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1dron" title="Hádron">Hádrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rion" title="Bárion">Bárions</a> / <a href="/wiki/H%C3%ADperon" title="Híperon">Híperons</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAcleon" title="Núcleon"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>N<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ton" title="Próton"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>p<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>n<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rion_Delta" title="Bárion Delta">Δ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rion_Lambda" title="Bárion Lambda">Λ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rion_sigma" title="Bárion sigma"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>Σ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rion_Xi" title="Bárion Xi">Ξ</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rion_omega" title="Bárion omega"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>Ω<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son" title="Méson">Mésons</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quark%C3%B3nio" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarkónio">Quarkónio</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADon" title="Píon"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>π<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_rho" title="Méson rho"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>ρ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eta_meson" class="mw-redirect" title="Eta meson"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>η<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eta_prime_meson" class="mw-redirect" title="Eta prime meson"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>η′<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_phi" class="mw-redirect" title="Méson phi"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>φ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_omega" title="Méson omega"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>ω<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_J/%CF%88" title="Méson J/ψ"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>J/ψ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Upsilon_meson" class="mw-redirect" title="Upsilon meson"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>ϒ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Theta_meson" class="mw-redirect" title="Theta meson"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>θ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1on" title="Káon"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>K<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_B" title="Méson B"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>B<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_D" title="Méson D"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>D<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9son_T" title="Méson T"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:right"><br /></span>T<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.0em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Outros</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_at%C3%B3mico" title="Núcleo atómico">Núcleo atómico</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo">Átomos</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Diquark" title="Diquark">Diquarks</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C3%81tomo_ex%C3%B3tico" title="Átomo exótico">Átomos exóticos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Positr%C3%B3nio" class="mw-redirect" title="Positrónio">Positrónio</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tau%C3%B4nio" title="Tauônio">Tauônio</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mu%C3%B3nio" title="Muónio">Muónio</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%C3%93nio" title="Ónio">Ónio</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Super%C3%A1tomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Superátomo">Superátomos</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cula" title="Molécula">Moléculas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Part%C3%ADculas_compostas_hipot%C3%A9ticas" title="Categoria:Partículas compostas hipotéticas">Hipotéticas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1dron_ex%C3%B3tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hádron exótico (página não existe)">Hádrons exóticos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rion_ex%C3%B3tico" title="Bárion exótico">Bárions exóticos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dib%C3%A1rion" title="Dibárion">Dibárion</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">Pentaquark</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Skyrmion" title="Skyrmion">Skyrmion</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9son_ex%C3%B3tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Méson exótico (página não existe)">Mésons exóticos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Glueball" title="Glueball">Glueball</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tetraquark" title="Tetraquark">Tetraquark</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;font-weight:normal;">Outras</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cula_mes%C3%B4nica" title="Molécula mesônica">Molécula mesônica</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pomeron" title="Pomeron">Pomeron</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quase-part%C3%ADcula" class="mw-redirect" title="Quase-partícula">Quase-partículas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Collexon" title="Collexon">Collexon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B3liton_de_Davydov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sóliton de Davydov (página não existe)">Sóliton de Davydov</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Exc%C3%ADton" title="Excíton">Excíton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%A3o-buraco" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrão-buraco">Elétron-buraco</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Magnon" title="Magnon">Magnon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B4non" title="Fônon">Fônon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pi-ton" title="Pi-ton">Pi-ton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Plasmaron" title="Plasmaron">Plasmaron</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Plasmon" title="Plasmon">Plasmon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Polariton" title="Polariton">Polariton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Polaron" title="Polaron">Polaron</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Roton" title="Roton">Roton</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Trion_(quasipart%C3%ADcula)" title="Trion (quasipartícula)">Trion</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Listas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a 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