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difference</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: inter-frame difference"> <meta name="keywords" content="inter-frame difference"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="inter-frame difference"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4618</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: inter-frame difference</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4618</span> Difference Expansion Based Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Using Edge Directions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshanlal%20Meenpal">Toshanlal Meenpal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Meenpal"> Ankita Meenpal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A very important technique in reversible data hiding field is Difference expansion. Secret message as well as the cover image may be completely recovered without any distortion after data extraction process due to reversibility feature. In general, in any difference expansion scheme embedding is performed by integer transform in the difference image acquired by grouping two neighboring pixel values. This paper proposes an improved reversible difference expansion embedding scheme. We mainly consider edge direction for embedding by modifying the difference of two neighboring pixels values. In general, the larger difference tends to bring a degraded stego image quality than the smaller difference. Image quality in the range of 0.5 to 3.7 dB in average is achieved by the proposed scheme, which is shown through the experimental results. However payload wise it achieves almost similar capacity in comparisons with previous method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20hiding" title="information hiding">information hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wedge%20direction" title=" wedge direction"> wedge direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference%20expansion" title=" difference expansion"> difference expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integer%20transform" title=" integer transform"> integer transform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18293/difference-expansion-based-reversible-data-hiding-scheme-using-edge-directions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4617</span> Difference and Haeccities: On the Religious Foundations of Deleuze’s Philosophy of Difference</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20See">Tony See</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although much has been devoted to Deleuze’s ethics of difference, relatively little has been focused on how his political perspective is informed by his appropriation of religious ideas and theological concepts. The bulk of the scholarly works have examined his political views with the assumption that they have little or nothing to do with his ideas of religions at all. This is in spite of the fact that Deleuze has drawn heavily from religious and theological thinkers such as Duns Scotus, Spinoza and Nietzsche. This dimension can also be traced in Deleuze’s later works, when he collaborated with Felix Guattari in creating an anti-Oedipal philosophy of difference after May 68. This paper seeks to reverse the tendency in contemporary scholarship ignore Deleuze’s ‘religious’ framework in his understanding of the ethical and the political. Towards this aim, we will refer to key texts in Deleuze’s corpus such as Expressionism in Philosophy, A Thousand Plateaus and others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference" title="difference">difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haeccities" title=" haeccities"> haeccities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theology" title=" theology"> theology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37777/difference-and-haeccities-on-the-religious-foundations-of-deleuzes-philosophy-of-difference" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4616</span> Matrix Valued Difference Equations with Spectral Singularities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serifenur%20Cebesoy">Serifenur Cebesoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelda%20Aygar"> Yelda Aygar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elgiz%20Bairamov"> Elgiz Bairamov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we examine some spectral properties of non-selfadjoint matrix-valued difference equations consisting of a polynomial type Jost solution. The aim of this study is to investigate the eigenvalues and spectral singularities of the difference operator L which is expressed by the above-mentioned difference equation. Firstly, thanks to the representation of polynomial type Jost solution of this equation, we obtain asymptotics and some analytical properties. Then, using the uniqueness theorems of analytic functions, we guarantee that the operator L has a finite number of eigenvalues and spectral singularities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptotics" title="asymptotics">asymptotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20spectrum" title=" continuous spectrum"> continuous spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference%20equations" title=" difference equations"> difference equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvalues" title=" eigenvalues"> eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jost%20functions" title=" jost functions"> jost functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20singularities" title=" spectral singularities"> spectral singularities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32256/matrix-valued-difference-equations-with-spectral-singularities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4615</span> Protocol for Dynamic Load Distributed Low Latency Web-Based Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20T.%20P.">Rohit T. P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahil%20Athrij"> Sahil Athrij</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasi%20Gopalan"> Sasi Gopalan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the content entertainment industry is dominated by mobile devices. As the trends slowly shift towards Augmented/Virtual Reality applications the computational demands on these devices are increasing exponentially and we are already reaching the limits of hardware optimizations. This paper proposes a software solution to this problem. By leveraging the capabilities of cloud computing we can offload the work from mobile devices to dedicated rendering servers that are way more powerful. But this introduces the problem of latency. This paper introduces a protocol that can achieve high-performance low latency Augmented/Virtual Reality experience. There are two parts to the protocol, 1) In-flight compression The main cause of latency in the system is the time required to transmit the camera frame from client to server. The round trip time is directly proportional to the amount of data transmitted. This can therefore be reduced by compressing the frames before sending. Using some standard compression algorithms like JPEG can result in minor size reduction only. Since the images to be compressed are consecutive camera frames there won't be a lot of changes between two consecutive images. So inter-frame compression is preferred. Inter-frame compression can be implemented efficiently using WebGL but the implementation of WebGL limits the precision of floating point numbers to 16bit in most devices. This can introduce noise to the image due to rounding errors, which will add up eventually. This can be solved using an improved interframe compression algorithm. The algorithm detects changes between frames and reuses unchanged pixels from the previous frame. This eliminates the need for floating point subtraction thereby cutting down on noise. The change detection is also improved drastically by taking the weighted average difference of pixels instead of the absolute difference. The kernel weights for this comparison can be fine-tuned to match the type of image to be compressed. 2) Dynamic Load distribution Conventional cloud computing architectures work by offloading as much work as possible to the servers, but this approach can cause a hit on bandwidth and server costs. The most optimal solution is obtained when the device utilizes 100% of its resources and the rest is done by the server. The protocol balances the load between the server and the client by doing a fraction of the computing on the device depending on the power of the device and network conditions. The protocol will be responsible for dynamically partitioning the tasks. Special flags will be used to communicate the workload fraction between the client and the server and will be updated in a constant interval of time ( or frames ). The whole of the protocol is designed so that it can be client agnostic. Flags are available to the client for resetting the frame, indicating latency, switching mode, etc. The server can react to client-side changes on the fly and adapt accordingly by switching to different pipelines. The server is designed to effectively spread the load and thereby scale horizontally. This is achieved by isolating client connections into different processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20kernelling" title="2D kernelling">2D kernelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality" title=" augmented reality"> augmented reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title=" cloud computing"> cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20load%20distribution" title=" dynamic load distribution"> dynamic load distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immersive%20experience" title=" immersive experience"> immersive experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20computing" title=" mobile computing"> mobile computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20tracking" title=" motion tracking"> motion tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protocols" title=" protocols"> protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20systems" title=" real-time systems"> real-time systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web-based%20augmented%20reality%20application" title=" web-based augmented reality application"> web-based augmented reality application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159383/protocol-for-dynamic-load-distributed-low-latency-web-based-augmented-reality-and-virtual-reality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4614</span> Localized Meshfree Methods for Solving 3D-Helmholtz Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Mollapourasl">Reza Mollapourasl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Haghi"> Majid Haghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we develop local meshfree methods known as radial basis function-generated finite difference (RBF-FD) method and Hermite finite difference (RBF-HFD) method to design stencil weights and spatial discretization for Helmholtz equation. The convergence and stability of schemes are investigated numerically in three dimensions with irregular shaped domain. These localized meshless methods incorporate the advantages of the RBF method, finite difference and Hermite finite difference methods to handle the ill-conditioning issue that often destroys the convergence rate of global RBF methods. Moreover, numerical illustrations show that the proposed localized RBF type methods are efficient and applicable for problems with complex geometries. The convergence and accuracy of both schemes are compared by solving a test problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20basis%20functions" title="radial basis functions">radial basis functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hermite%20finite%20difference" title=" Hermite finite difference"> Hermite finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helmholtz%20equation" title=" Helmholtz equation"> Helmholtz equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168736/localized-meshfree-methods-for-solving-3d-helmholtz-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4613</span> Solution of Singularly Perturbed Differential Difference Equations Using Liouville Green Transformation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20N.%20Reddy">Y. N. Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The class of differential-difference equations which have characteristics of both classes, i.e., delay/advance and singularly perturbed behaviour is known as singularly perturbed differential-difference equations. The expression ‘positive shift’ and ‘negative shift’ are also used for ‘advance’ and ‘delay’ respectively. In general, an ordinary differential equation in which the highest order derivative is multiplied by a small positive parameter and containing at least one delay/advance is known as singularly perturbed differential-difference equation. Singularly perturbed differential-difference equations arise in the modelling of various practical phenomena in bioscience, engineering, control theory, specifically in variational problems, in describing the human pupil-light reflex, in a variety of models for physiological processes or diseases and first exit time problems in the modelling of the determination of expected time for the generation of action potential in nerve cells by random synaptic inputs in dendrites. In this paper, we envisage the use of Liouville Green Transformation to find the solution of singularly perturbed differential difference equations. First, using Taylor series, the given singularly perturbed differential difference equation is approximated by an asymptotically equivalent singularly perturbation problem. Then the Liouville Green Transformation is applied to get the solution. Several model examples are solved, and the results are compared with other methods. It is observed that the present method gives better approximate solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference%20equations" title="difference equations">difference equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20equations" title=" differential equations"> differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20perturbations" title=" singular perturbations"> singular perturbations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer" title=" boundary layer"> boundary layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86176/solution-of-singularly-perturbed-differential-difference-equations-using-liouville-green-transformation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4612</span> Dynamic Background Updating for Lightweight Moving Object Detection </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelemewerk%20Destalem">Kelemewerk Destalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joongjae%20Cho"> Joongjae Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaeseong%20Lee"> Jaeseong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju%20H.%20Park"> Ju H. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joonhyuk%20Yoo"> Joonhyuk Yoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background subtraction and temporal difference are often used for moving object detection in video. Both approaches are computationally simple and easy to be deployed in real-time image processing. However, while the background subtraction is highly sensitive to dynamic background and illumination changes, the temporal difference approach is poor at extracting relevant pixels of the moving object and at detecting the stopped or slowly moving objects in the scene. In this paper, we propose a moving object detection scheme based on adaptive background subtraction and temporal difference exploiting dynamic background updates. The proposed technique consists of a histogram equalization, a linear combination of background and temporal difference, followed by the novel frame-based and pixel-based background updating techniques. Finally, morphological operations are applied to the output images. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can solve the drawbacks of both background subtraction and temporal difference methods and can provide better performance than that of each method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=background%20subtraction" title="background subtraction">background subtraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=background%20updating" title=" background updating"> background updating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time" title=" real time"> real time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20weight%20algorithm" title=" light weight algorithm"> light weight algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20difference" title=" temporal difference"> temporal difference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31063/dynamic-background-updating-for-lightweight-moving-object-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4611</span> Fractional Euler Method and Finite Difference Formula Using Conformable Fractional Derivative</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramzi%20B.%20Albadarneh">Ramzi B. Albadarneh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we use the new definition of fractional derivative called conformable fractional derivative to derive some finite difference formulas and its error terms which are used to solve fractional differential equations and fractional partial differential equations, also to derive fractional Euler method and its error terms which can be applied to solve fractional differential equations. To provide the contribution of our work some applications on finite difference formulas and Euler Method are given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conformable%20fractional%20derivative" title="conformable fractional derivative">conformable fractional derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20formula" title=" finite difference formula"> finite difference formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20derivative" title=" fractional derivative"> fractional derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20formula" title=" finite difference formula"> finite difference formula</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37072/fractional-euler-method-and-finite-difference-formula-using-conformable-fractional-derivative" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4610</span> Application First and Second Digits Number in the Benford Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teguh%20Sugiarto">Teguh Sugiarto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: This study aims to explore the fraud that occurred in the financial statements using the Benford distribution law of 1st and 2nd case study of PT AKR Corporindo Tbk. Research Methods: In this study the authors use the first digit of the analysis and the analysis of the second digit of Bedford’s law. Having obtained the results of the analysis of the first and second digits, authors will make the difference between implementations using the scale above and below 5%. The number that has the level of difference in the range of 5% above or below, then a financial report in may, to analyse in the followup to the direction of the audit investigation, and authors assume happens a confusion in the financial statements. Findings: From research done, we found that there was a difference in the results of the appearance of the first digit of the number with the proper use of Benford's law, according to PT AKR Corporindo financial reports Tbk for the fiscal year 2006-2010, above and below the level the difference in set 5%. Conclusions: From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that on PT AKR Corporindo financial report 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, there is a level difference of appearance of numbers according to Benford's law is significant, as presented in the table analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benford%20law" title="Benford law">Benford law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20digits" title=" first digits"> first digits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20digits" title=" second digits"> second digits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesian%20company" title=" Indonesian company"> Indonesian company</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50147/application-first-and-second-digits-number-in-the-benford-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4609</span> Maximum Power Point Tracking Based on Estimated Power for PV Energy Conversion System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Almukhtar">Zainab Almukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Merabet"> Adel Merabet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a method for maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic energy conversion system is presented. This method is based on using the difference between the power from the solar panel and an estimated power value to control the DC-DC converter of the photovoltaic system. The difference is continuously compared with a preset error permitted value. If the power difference is more than the error, the estimated power is multiplied by a factor and the operation is repeated until the difference is less or equal to the threshold error. The difference in power will be used to trigger a DC-DC boost converter in order to raise the voltage to where the maximum power point is achieved. The proposed method was experimentally verified through a PV energy conversion system driven by the OPAL-RT real time controller. The method was tested on varying radiation conditions and load requirements, and the Photovoltaic Panel was operated at its maximum power in different conditions of irradiation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title="control system">control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error" title=" error"> error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20panel" title=" solar panel"> solar panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPT%20tracking" title=" MPPT tracking"> MPPT tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41868/maximum-power-point-tracking-based-on-estimated-power-for-pv-energy-conversion-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4608</span> The Effect of LEADER and Community-Led Local Development in Spanish Municipal Unemployment: A Difference-in-Difference Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20A.%20Borrella">Miguel A. Borrella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20P.%20Fanjul"> Ana P. Fanjul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suca%20Munoz"> Suca Munoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliana%20Herrera"> Liliana Herrera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates the impact of LEADER, a remarkable Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) approach of the European Program for Rural Development applied to rural municipalities of Spain in 2018 and 2019. Using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy and a newly-constructed database, results show that aided municipalities have significantly lower unemployment levels than non-aided municipalities. Results are significant for the decrease in unemployment for both women and people younger than 25 years old, two of the target groups of the policy. Nevertheless, they are larger for male and older workers. Therefore, findings suggest that LEADER 2017-2018 was successful in reducing unemployment in rural areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-led%20local%20development" title="community-led local development">community-led local development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ex-post%20evaluation" title=" ex-post evaluation"> ex-post evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEADER" title=" LEADER"> LEADER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136947/the-effect-of-leader-and-community-led-local-development-in-spanish-municipal-unemployment-a-difference-in-difference-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4607</span> Bank Concentration and Industry Structure: Evidence from China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingjing%20Ye">Jingjing Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cijun%20Fan"> Cijun Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Dong"> Yan Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of financial sector plays an important role in shaping industrial structure. However, evidence on the micro-level channels through which this relation manifest remains relatively sparse, particularly for developing countries. In this paper, we compile an industry-by-city dataset based on manufacturing firms and registered banks in 287 Chinese cities from 1998 to 2008. Based on a difference-in-difference approach, we find the highly concentrated banking sector decreases the competitiveness of firms in each manufacturing industry. There are two main reasons: i) bank accessibility successfully fosters firm expansion within each industry, however, only for sufficiently large enterprises; ii) state-owned enterprises are favored by the banking industry in China. The results are robust after considering alternative concentration and external finance dependence measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank%20concentration" title="bank concentration">bank concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference-in-difference" title=" difference-in-difference"> difference-in-difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20structure" title=" industry structure "> industry structure </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56712/bank-concentration-and-industry-structure-evidence-from-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4606</span> Median Versus Ulnar Medial Thenar Motor Recording in Diagnosis Of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Kamal%20Aziz%20Saba">Emmanuel Kamal Aziz Saba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of the work: This study proposed to assess the role of the median versus ulnar medial thenar motor (MTM) recording in supporting the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Patients and methods: The present study included 130 hands (70 CTS and 60 controls). Clinical examination was done for all patients. The following tests were done (using surface electrodes recording) for patients and control: (1) sensory nerve conduction studies: median nerve, ulnar nerve and median versus ulnar digit four sensory study; (2) motor nerve conduction studies: median nerve, ulnar nerve, median (second lumbrical) versus ulnar (interosseous) (2-LINT) motor study and median versus ulnar (MTM) study. Results: The tests with higher sensitivity in diagnosing CTS were median versus ulnar (2-LINT) motor latency difference (87.1%), median versus ulnar (MTM) motor latency difference (80%) and median versus ulnar digit four sensory latency differences (91.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between median versus ulnar (MTM) motor latency difference with both median versus ulnar (2-LINT) motor latency difference and median versus ulnar digit four sensory latency difference (P > 0.05) as regards the confirmation of CTS. Conclusions: Median versus ulnar (MTM) motor latency difference has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of CTS as for both median versus ulnar (2-LINT) motor latency difference and median versus ulnar digit four sensory latency differences. It can be considered a useful neurophysiological test to be used in combination with another median versus ulnar comparative tests for confirming the diagnosis of CTS beside other well-known electrophysiological tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carpal%20tunnel%20syndrome" title="carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medial%20thenar%20motor" title=" medial thenar motor"> medial thenar motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=median%20nerve" title=" median nerve"> median nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulnar%20nerve" title=" ulnar nerve"> ulnar nerve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29852/median-versus-ulnar-medial-thenar-motor-recording-in-diagnosis-of-carpal-tunnel-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4605</span> Interplay with Difference and Identification: Alevi and Sunni Intermarriages in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCl%20%C3%96zate%C5%9Fler%20%C3%9Clk%C3%BCcan">Gül Özateşler Ülkücan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article dwells on the findings of a research project from 2014 to 2017 on intermarriages between people from Alevi and Sunni communities in the city of Izmir, on the western coast of Turkey. The research is composed of 43 individual in-depth interviews with Alevi-Sunni couples (18 couples and 7 individuals, to represent 25 couples in total). It reveals how classifying identities, people's self and group identifications and understanding of difference interplay throughout close interactions of marital experiences. The couples' sense of difference and categorical identifications are built through not only individual interactions but also historical construction of Aleviness and Sunniness, current debates on Islam, political discourses in Turkey, and the representation of locality. The research, thus, contributes to the discussions on the concepts of identity, culture, religion, marriage and communication in the peculiarities of the Turkish context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleviness" title="Aleviness">Aleviness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference" title=" difference"> difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identifications" title=" identifications"> identifications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermarriages" title=" intermarriages"> intermarriages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunniness" title=" Sunniness"> Sunniness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66803/interplay-with-difference-and-identification-alevi-and-sunni-intermarriages-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4604</span> Improving Radiation Efficiency Using Metamaterial in Pyramidal Horn Antenna </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar%20Baghel">Amit Kumar Baghel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisir%20Kumar%20Nayak"> Sisir Kumar Nayak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proposed metamaterial design help to increase the radiation efficiency at 2.9 GHz by reducing the side and back lobes by making the phase difference of the waves emerging from the phase center of the horn antenna same after passing through metamaterial array. The unit cell of the metamaterial is having concentric ring structure made of copper of 0.035 mm thickness on both sides of FR4 sheet. The inner ring diameter is kept as 3 mm, and the outer ring diameters are changed according to the path and tramission phase difference of the unit cell from the phase center of the antenna in both the horizontal and vertical direction, i.e., in x- and y-axis. In this case, the ring radius varies from 3.19 mm to 6.99 mm with the respective S21 phase difference of -62.25° to -124.64°. The total phase difference can be calculated by adding the path difference of the respective unit cell in the array to the phase difference of S21. Taking one of the unit cell as the reference, the total phase difference between the reference unit cell and other cells must be integer multiple of 360°. The variation of transmission coefficient S21 with the ring radius is greater than -6 dB. The array having 5 x 5 unit cell is kept inside the pyramidal horn antenna (L X B X H = 295.451 x 384.233 x 298.66 mm3) at a distance of 36.68 mm from the waveguide throat. There is an improvement in side lobe level in E-plane by 14.6 dB when the array is used. The front to back lobe ration is increased by 1 dB by using the array. The proposed antenna with metamaterial array can be used in beam shaping for wireless power transfer applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterial" title="metamaterial">metamaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20lobe%20level" title=" side lobe level"> side lobe level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=front%20to%20back%20ratio" title=" front to back ratio"> front to back ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20forming" title=" beam forming "> beam forming </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82897/improving-radiation-efficiency-using-metamaterial-in-pyramidal-horn-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4603</span> The Study of the Awareness of Sexual Risk Bahaviors and Sexual Risk Behaviors of Adolescents Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumitta%20Sawangtook">Sumitta Sawangtook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parichart%20Thano"> Parichart Thano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of research were to study the relationship between the awareness of sexual risk behaviors and sexual risk behaviors of adolescent students, and to compare the sexual risk behaviors of adolescent students by gender, education level, sweetheart’s number, achievement, sexual value, and the influence of the friendship group. The research sample of 344 sevenths through twelfth grade students in secondary school for the academic year 2014, Dindang district Bangkok was selected by simple random sampling. The research instruments are: 1) demographic questionnaire 2) evaluation form of the awareness of sexual risk behaviors 3) questionnaire about sexual value 4) questionnaire about the influence of the friendship group and 5) evaluation form of sexual risk behaviors. They were used for data collections which are subsequently analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-way Analysis of Variances. The results of this study were presented as follow: 1) The awareness of sexual risk behaviors was negatively correlated with sexual risk behaviors of adolescent students (r=-.27, p=.000). 2) There was significant difference at .05 level in sexual risk behaviors among adolescent students who had gender difference (t=5.90, p=.000). 3) There was no significant difference at .05 level in sexual risk behaviors among adolescent students who had the different level of education (t=1.41, p=.16). 4) There was significant difference at .05 level in sexual risk behaviors among adolescent students who had the different level of sweetheart’s number (F=13.03, p=.000). 5) There was significant difference at .05 level in sexual risk behaviors among adolescent students who had the different level of achievement (F=4.77, p=.009). 6) There were significant difference at .05 level in sexual risk behaviors among adolescent students who had different level of sexual value (F=50.91, p=.000) 7) There were significant difference at .05 level in sexual risk behaviors among adolescent students who had different level of the influence of the friendship group (F=98.41, p=.000). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20awareness%20of%20sexual%20risk%20behaviors" title="the awareness of sexual risk behaviors">the awareness of sexual risk behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20risk%20behaviors" title=" sexual risk behaviors"> sexual risk behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent%20students" title=" adolescent students"> adolescent students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37360/the-study-of-the-awareness-of-sexual-risk-bahaviors-and-sexual-risk-behaviors-of-adolescents-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4602</span> Reliability of Cores Test Result at Elevated Temperature in Case of High Strength Concrete (HSC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqas%20Ali">Waqas Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete is broadly used as a structural material in the construction of buildings. When the concrete is exposed to elevated temperature, its strength evaluation is very necessary in the existing structure. In this study, the effect of temperature and the reliability of the core test has been evaluated. For this purpose, the cylindrical cores were extracted from High strength concrete (HSC) specimens that were exposed to the temperature ranging from 300 ℃ to 900 ℃ with a constant duration of 4 hr. This study compares the difference between the standard heated cylinders and the cores taken from them after curing of 90 days. The difference of cylindrical control and binary mix samples and extracted cores revealed that there is 12.19 and 12.38% difference at 300℃, while this difference was found to increase up to 12.89%, 13.03% at 500 ℃. Furthermore, this value is recorded as 12.99%, 13.57% and 14.40%, 14.38% at 700 ℃ and 900 ℃, respectively. A total of four equations were developed through a regression model for the prediction of the strength of concrete for both standard cylinders and extracted cores whose R square values were 0.9733, 0.9627 and 0.9473, 0.9452, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength" title="high strength">high strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core" title=" core"> core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168529/reliability-of-cores-test-result-at-elevated-temperature-in-case-of-high-strength-concrete-hsc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4601</span> A Comparative Study of Spirituality and Psychological Well-Being among Senior Secondary Male and Female Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzana%20Parveen">Farzana Parveen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahina%20Maqbool"> Shahina Maqbool</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays most of the researchers focused on adolescents that were the most crucial and critical stage of their life’s. In this study, we want to know to what extent does spirituality and psychological well-being plays a vital role in adolescent’s life, and to what extent both were correlated. The first objective of the present study is to examine difference between the mean scores of male and female students on spirituality and Psychological well-being. The second objective of this study is to find out the relationship between Spirituality and Psychological Well-being. The participants of the present study comprised N=100 students who are further divided n=50 male and n=50 female and they were from senior secondary schools and recruited from Metropolitan cities, their age ranged from 13 to 18 years. Data were collected through Spirituality questionnaire and Psychological well-being questionnaire. Results showed that there was insignificant difference between male and female students on spirituality and significant difference between male and female students on psychological well-being. Relationship showed that there was positive correlation between spirituality and psychological well-being. Result was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 software. Insignificant difference was found between males and females students on Spirituality and significant difference showed between males and females students on Psychological well-being. There was positive correlation between Spirituality and psychological well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirituality" title="spirituality">spirituality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20well-being" title=" psychological well-being"> psychological well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=male%20and%20female" title=" male and female"> male and female</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58303/a-comparative-study-of-spirituality-and-psychological-well-being-among-senior-secondary-male-and-female-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4600</span> A Non-Standard Finite Difference Scheme for the Solution of Laplace Equation with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Moaddy">Khaled Moaddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a fast and accurate numerical scheme for the solution of a Laplace equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The non-standard finite difference scheme (NSFD) is applied to construct the numerical solutions of a Laplace equation with two different Dirichlet boundary conditions. The solutions obtained using NSFD are compared with the solutions obtained using the standard finite difference scheme (SFD). The NSFD scheme is demonstrated to be reliable and efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20finite%20difference%20schemes" title="standard finite difference schemes">standard finite difference schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-standard%20schemes" title=" non-standard schemes"> non-standard schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplace%20equation" title=" Laplace equation"> Laplace equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirichlet%20boundary%20conditions" title=" Dirichlet boundary conditions"> Dirichlet boundary conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119718/a-non-standard-finite-difference-scheme-for-the-solution-of-laplace-equation-with-dirichlet-boundary-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4599</span> Integrated Thermal Control to Improve Workers' Intellectual Concentration in Office Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimi%20Ueda">Kimi Ueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kosuke%20Sugita"> Kosuke Sugita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soma%20Kawamoto"> Soma Kawamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Shimoda"> Hiroshi Shimoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirotake%20Ishii"> Hirotake Ishii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fumiaki%20Obayashi"> Fumiaki Obayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhiro%20Taniguchi"> Kazuhiro Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayaka%20Suzuki"> Ayaka Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The authors have focused on the thermal difference between office rooms and break rooms, and proposed an integrated thermal control method to improve workers’ intellectual concentration. First, a trial experiment was conducted to verify the effect of temperature difference on workers’ intellectual concentration with using two experimental rooms; a thermally neutral break room and a cooler office room. As the result of the experiment, it was found that the thermal difference had a significant effect on improving their intellectual concentration. Workers, however, often take a short break at their desks without moving to a break room, so that the thermal difference cannot be given to them. So utilization of airflow was proposed as an integrated thermal control method instead of the temperature difference to realize the similar effect. Concretely, they are exposed to airflow when working in order to reduce their effective temperature while it is weakened when taking a break. Another experiment was conducted to confirm the effect of the airflow control on their intellectual concentration. As the result of concentration index and questionnaire survey, their intellectual concentration was significantly improved in the integrated thermal controlled environment. It was also found that most of them felt more comfortable and had higher motivation and higher degree of concentration in the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airflow" title="airflow">airflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation%20experiment" title=" evaluation experiment"> evaluation experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20concentration" title=" intellectual concentration"> intellectual concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20difference" title=" thermal difference"> thermal difference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93543/integrated-thermal-control-to-improve-workers-intellectual-concentration-in-office-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4598</span> Vector Quantization Based on Vector Difference Scheme for Image Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biji%20Jacob">Biji Jacob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vector quantization algorithm which uses minimum distance calculation for codebook generation, a time consuming calculation performed on each pixel values leads to computation complexity. The codebook is updated by comparing the distance of each vector to their centroid vector and measure for their closeness. In this paper vector quantization is modified based on vector difference algorithm for image enhancement purpose. In the proposed scheme, vector differences between the vectors are considered as the new generation vectors or new codebook vectors. The codebook is updated by comparing the new generation vector with a threshold value having minimum error with the parent vector. The minimum error decides the fitness of each newly generated vector. Thus the codebook is generated in an adaptive manner and the fitness value is determined for the suppression of the degraded portion of the image and thereby leads to the enhancement of the image through the adaptive searching capability of the vector quantization through vector difference algorithm. Experimental results shows that the vector difference scheme efficiently modifies the vector quantization algorithm for enhancing the image with peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), Euclidean distance (E_dist) as the performance parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=codebook" title="codebook">codebook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20enhancement" title=" image enhancement"> image enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20difference" title=" vector difference"> vector difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20quantization" title=" vector quantization"> vector quantization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39597/vector-quantization-based-on-vector-difference-scheme-for-image-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4597</span> Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Pressure through Radial Velocity Difference in Arterial Blood Modeled by Drift Flux Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Rima%20Cheniti">Aicha Rima Cheniti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Besbes"> Hatem Besbes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Haggege"> Joseph Haggege</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Sintes"> Christophe Sintes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we are interested to determine the carbon dioxide pressure in the arterial blood through radial velocity difference. The blood was modeled as a two phase mixture (an aqueous carbon dioxide solution with carbon dioxide gas) by Drift flux model and the Young-Laplace equation. The distributions of mixture velocities determined from the considered model permitted the calculation of the radial velocity distributions with different values of mean mixture pressure and the calculation of the mean carbon dioxide pressure knowing the mean mixture pressure. The radial velocity distributions are used to deduce a calculation method of the mean mixture pressure through the radial velocity difference between two positions which is measured by ultrasound. The mean carbon dioxide pressure is then deduced from the mean mixture pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20carbon%20dioxide%20pressure" title="mean carbon dioxide pressure">mean carbon dioxide pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20mixture%20pressure" title=" mean mixture pressure"> mean mixture pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixture%20velocity" title=" mixture velocity"> mixture velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20velocity%20difference" title=" radial velocity difference"> radial velocity difference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51601/evaluation-of-carbon-dioxide-pressure-through-radial-velocity-difference-in-arterial-blood-modeled-by-drift-flux-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4596</span> HPTLC Metabolite Fingerprinting of Artocarpus champeden Stembark from Several Different Locations in Indonesia and Correlation with Antimalarial Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imam%20Taufik">Imam Taufik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilkatul%20Ilmi"> Hilkatul Ilmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puryani"> Puryani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mochammad%20Yuwono"> Mochammad Yuwono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aty%20Widyawaruyanti"> Aty Widyawaruyanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artocarpus champeden Spreng stembark (Moraceae) in Indonesia well known as ‘cempedak’ had been traditionally used for malarial remedies. The difference of growth locations could cause the difference of metabolite profiling. As a consequence, there were difference antimalarial activities in spite of the same plants. The aim of this research was to obtain the profile of metabolites that contained in A. champeden stembark from different locations in Indonesia for authentication and quality control purpose of this extract. The profiling had been performed by HPTLC-Densitometry technique and antimalarial activity had been also determined by HRP2-ELISA technique. The correlation between metabolite fingerprinting and antimalarial activity had been analyzed by Principle Component Analysis, Hierarchical Clustering Analysis and Partial Least Square. As a result, there is correlation between the difference metabolite fingerprinting and antimalarial activity from several different growth locations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimalarial" title="antimalarial">antimalarial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artocarpus%20champeden%20spreng" title=" artocarpus champeden spreng"> artocarpus champeden spreng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolite%20fingerprinting" title=" metabolite fingerprinting"> metabolite fingerprinting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20analysis" title=" multivariate analysis"> multivariate analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58321/hptlc-metabolite-fingerprinting-of-artocarpus-champeden-stembark-from-several-different-locations-in-indonesia-and-correlation-with-antimalarial-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4595</span> Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Binary Mixture of Amlodipine Besylate and Atenolol Based on Dual Wavelength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesrine%20T.%20Lamie">Nesrine T. Lamie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Four, accurate, precise, and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are developed for the simultaneous determination of a binary mixture containing amlodipine besylate (AM) and atenolol (AT) where AM is determined at its λmax 360 nm (0D), while atenolol can be determined by different methods. Method (A) is absorpotion factor (AFM). Method (B) is the new Ratio Difference method(RD) which measures the difference in amplitudes between 210 and 226 nm of ratio spectrum., Method (C) is novel constant center spectrophotometric method (CC) Method (D) is mean centering of the ratio spectra (MCR) at 284 nm. The calibration curve is linear over the concentration range of 10–80 and 4–40 μg/ml for AM and AT, respectively. These methods are tested by analyzing synthetic mixtures of the cited drugs and they are applied to their commercial pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of results was assessed by applying standard addition technique. The results obtained were found to agree statistically with those obtained by a reported method, showing no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amlodipine" title="amlodipine">amlodipine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atenolol" title=" atenolol"> atenolol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20factor" title=" absorption factor"> absorption factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20center" title=" constant center"> constant center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20centering" title=" mean centering"> mean centering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratio%20difference" title=" ratio difference"> ratio difference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24767/spectrophotometric-methods-for-simultaneous-determination-of-binary-mixture-of-amlodipine-besylate-and-atenolol-based-on-dual-wavelength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4594</span> Evaluation of a Personalized Online Decision Aid for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Randomized Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linda%20P.%20M.%20Pluymen">Linda P. M. Pluymen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariska%20M.%20G.%20Leeflang"> Mariska M. G. Leeflang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Stegeman"> I. Stegeman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henock%20G.%20Yebyo"> Henock G. Yebyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20E.%20M.%20Brabers"> Anne E. M. Brabers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20M.%20Bossuyt"> Patrick M. Bossuyt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Dekker"> E. Dekker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anke%20J.%20Woudstra"> Anke J. Woudstra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirjam%20P.%20Fransen"> Mirjam P. Fransen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weighing the benefits and harms of colorectal cancer screening can be difficult for individuals. An existing online decision aid was expanded with a benefit-harm analysis to help people make an informed decision about participating in colorectal cancer screening. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether those in the intervention group who used the decision aid with benefit-harm analysis were more certain about their decision than those in the control group who used the decision aid without benefit-harm analysis. Participants were 623 (39% of those invited) men and women aged 45 until 75 years old. Analyses were performed in those 386 participants (62%) who reported to have completed the entire decision aid. No statistically significant differences were observed between intervention and control group in decisional conflict score (mean difference 2.4, 95% CI -0.9, 5.6), clarity of values (mean difference 1.0, 95% CI -4.4, 6.6), deliberation score (mean difference 0.5, 95% CI -0.6, 1.7), anxiety score (mean difference 0.0, 95% CI -0.3, 0.3) and risk perception score (mean difference 0.1, -0.1, 0.3). Adding a benefit-harm analysis to an online decision aid did not improve informed decision making about participating in colorectal cancer screening. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefit-harm%20analysis" title="benefit-harm analysis">benefit-harm analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20aid" title=" decision aid"> decision aid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informed%20decision%20making" title=" informed decision making"> informed decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalized%20decision%20making" title=" personalized decision making"> personalized decision making</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144604/evaluation-of-a-personalized-online-decision-aid-for-colorectal-cancer-screening-a-randomized-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4593</span> Forecasting Performance Comparison of Autoregressive Fractional Integrated Moving Average and Jordan Recurrent Neural Network Models on the Turbidity of Stream Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Fulus%20Fom">Daniel Fulus Fom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gau%20Patrick%20Damulak"> Gau Patrick Damulak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the Autoregressive Fractional Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) and Jordan Recurrent Neural Network (JRNN) models were employed to model the forecasting performance of the daily turbidity flow of White Clay Creek (WCC). The two methods were applied to the log difference series of the daily turbidity flow series of WCC. The measurements of error employed to investigate the forecasting performance of the ARFIMA and JRNN models are the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The outcome of the investigation revealed that the forecasting performance of the JRNN technique is better than the forecasting performance of the ARFIMA technique in the mean square error sense. The results of the ARFIMA and JRNN models were obtained by the simulation of the models using MATLAB version 8.03. The significance of using the log difference series rather than the difference series is that the log difference series stabilizes the turbidity flow series than the difference series on the ARFIMA and JRNN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20regressive" title="auto regressive">auto regressive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20absolute%20error" title=" mean absolute error"> mean absolute error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20square%20mean%20error" title=" root square mean error"> root square mean error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75328/forecasting-performance-comparison-of-autoregressive-fractional-integrated-moving-average-and-jordan-recurrent-neural-network-models-on-the-turbidity-of-stream-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4592</span> Learning Styles Difference in Difficulties of Generating Idea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Yee">M. H. Yee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Md%20Yunos"> J. Md Yunos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Othman"> W. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hassan"> R. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20K.%20Tee"> T. K. Tee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Mohamad"> M. M. Mohamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generation of an idea that goes through several phases is affected by individual factors, interests, preferences and motivation. The purpose of this research was to analyze the difference in difficulties of generating ideas according to individual learning styles. A total of 375 technical students from four technical universities in Malaysia were randomly selected as samples. The Kolb Learning Styles Inventory and a set of developed questionnaires were used in this research. The results showed that the most dominant learning style is among technical students is Doer. A total of 319 (85.1%) technical students faced difficulties in solving individual assignments. Most of the problem faced by technical students is the difficulty of generating ideas for solving individual assignments. There was no significant difference in difficulties of generating ideas according to students’ learning styles. Therefore, students need to learn higher order thinking skills enabling students to generate ideas and consequently complete assignments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference" title="difference">difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difficulties" title=" difficulties"> difficulties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generating%20idea" title=" generating idea"> generating idea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20styles" title=" learning styles"> learning styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolb%20Learning%20Styles%20Inventory" title=" Kolb Learning Styles Inventory"> Kolb Learning Styles Inventory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4296/learning-styles-difference-in-difficulties-of-generating-idea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4591</span> Empirical Investigations on Speed Differentiations of Traffic Flow: A Case Study on a Basic Freeway Segment of O-2 in Istanbul</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Rashid%20Sarand">Hamed Rashid Sarand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Sel%C3%A7uk%20%C3%96%C4%9F%C3%BCt"> Kemal Selçuk Öğüt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Speed is one of the fundamental variables of road traffic flow that stands as an important evaluation criterion for traffic analyses in several aspects. In particular, varieties of speed variable, such as average speed, free flow speed, optimum speed (capacity speed), acceleration/deceleration speed and so on, have been explicitly considered in the analysis of not only road safety but also road capacity. In the purpose of realizing 'road speed – maximum speed difference across lanes' and 'road flow rate – maximum speed difference across lanes' relations on freeway traffic, this study presents a case study conducted on a basic freeway segment of O-2 in Istanbul. The traffic data employed in this study have been obtained from 5 remote traffic microwave sensors operated by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The study stretch is located between two successive freeway interchanges: Ümraniye and Kavacık. Daily traffic data of 4 years (2011-2014) summer months, July and August are used. The speed data are analyzed into two main flow areas such as uncongested and congested flows. In this study, the regression analyses were carried out in order to examine the relationship between maximum speed difference across lanes and road speed. These investigations were implemented at uncongested and congested flows, separately. Moreover, the relationship between maximum speed difference across lanes and road flow rate were evaluated by applying regression analyses for both uncongested and congested flows separately. It is concluded that there is the moderate relationship between maximum speed difference across lanes and road speed in 50% cases. Additionally, it is indicated that there is the moderate relationship between maximum speed difference across lanes and road flow rate in 30% cases. The maximum speed difference across lanes decreases as the road flow rate increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20speed%20difference" title="maximum speed difference">maximum speed difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20analysis" title=" regression analysis"> regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20traffic%20microwave%20sensor" title=" remote traffic microwave sensor"> remote traffic microwave sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20differentiation" title=" speed differentiation"> speed differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20flow" title=" traffic flow "> traffic flow </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36794/empirical-investigations-on-speed-differentiations-of-traffic-flow-a-case-study-on-a-basic-freeway-segment-of-o-2-in-istanbul" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4590</span> Analog Voltage Inverter Drive for Capacitive Load with Adaptive Gain Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Ki%20Hong">Sun-Ki Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Ho%20Cho"> Yong-Ho Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Seok%20Kim"> Ki-Seok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Sam%20Kang"> Tae-Sam Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Piezoelectric actuator is treated as RC load when it is modeled electrically. For some piezoelectric actuator applications, arbitrary voltage is required to actuate. Especially for unidirectional arbitrary voltage driving like as sine wave, some special inverter with circuit that can charge and discharge the capacitive energy can be used. In this case, the difference between power supply level and the object voltage level for RC load is varied. Because the control gain is constant, the controlled output is not uniform according to the voltage difference. In this paper, for charge and discharge circuit for unidirectional arbitrary voltage driving for piezoelectric actuator, the controller gain is controlled according to the voltage difference. With the proposed simple idea, the load voltage can have controlled smoothly although the voltage difference is varied. The appropriateness is proved from the simulation of the proposed circuit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20voltage%20inverter" title="analog voltage inverter">analog voltage inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20load" title=" capacitive load"> capacitive load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain%20control" title=" gain control"> gain control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dc-dc%20converter" title=" dc-dc converter"> dc-dc converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric" title=" piezoelectric"> piezoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20waveform" title=" voltage waveform"> voltage waveform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34752/analog-voltage-inverter-drive-for-capacitive-load-with-adaptive-gain-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">655</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4589</span> Fast and Accurate Finite-Difference Method Solving Multicomponent Smoluchowski Coagulation Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20P.%20Smirnov">Alexander P. Smirnov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20A.%20Matveev"> Sergey A. Matveev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20A.%20Zheltkov"> Dmitry A. Zheltkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20E.%20Tyrtyshnikov"> Eugene E. Tyrtyshnikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a new computational technique for multidimensional (multicomponent) Smoluchowski coagulation equation. Using low-rank approximations in Tensor Train format of both the solution and the coagulation kernel, we accelerate the classical finite-difference Runge-Kutta scheme keeping its level of accuracy. The complexity of the taken finite-difference scheme is reduced from O(N^2d) to O(d^2 N log N ), where N is the number of grid nodes and d is a dimensionality of the problem. The efficiency and the accuracy of the new method are demonstrated on concrete problem with known analytical solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensor%20train%20decomposition" title="tensor train decomposition">tensor train decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicomponent%20Smoluchowski%20equation" title=" multicomponent Smoluchowski equation"> multicomponent Smoluchowski equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runge-kutta%20scheme" title=" runge-kutta scheme"> runge-kutta scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolution" title=" convolution"> convolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40417/fast-and-accurate-finite-difference-method-solving-multicomponent-smoluchowski-coagulation-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-frame%20difference&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-frame%20difference&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-frame%20difference&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-frame%20difference&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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