CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Royal Crescent - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0392d79f-2206-42fb-8abb-0f585128dcec","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Royal_Crescent","wgTitle":"Royal Crescent","wgCurRevisionId":1242605614,"wgRevisionId":1242605614,"wgArticleId":507108,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","Use dmy dates from March 2017","EngvarB from January 2018","Coordinates on Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","Georgian architecture in England","Streets in Bath, Somerset","Parks and open spaces in Bath, Somerset","Grade I listed buildings in Bath, Somerset","Grade I listed residential buildings","Houses completed in 1774", "Crescents (architecture)","Structures on the Heritage at Risk register in Somerset"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Royal_Crescent","wgRelevantArticleId":507108,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":51.386944444444445,"lon":-2.368333333333333},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2289728","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready" };RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg/1200px-Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="915"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg/800px-Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="610"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg/640px-Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="488"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Royal Crescent - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Royal_Crescent rootpage-Royal_Crescent skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Royal+Crescent" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Royal+Crescent" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Royal+Crescent" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Royal+Crescent" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design_and_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_and_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Design and construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_and_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Current use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panorama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panorama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Panorama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panorama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Crescent</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent_(Bath)" title="Royal Crescent (Bath) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Royal Crescent (Bath)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent_(Bath)" title="Royal Crescent (Bath) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royal Crescent (Bath)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%97%B4_%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="로열 크레센트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로열 크레센트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99" title="הסהר המלכותי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסהר המלכותי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86" title="Королевский полумесяц – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Королевский полумесяц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Королівський півмісяць – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Королівський півмісяць" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Royal Crescent" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88" title="皇家新月 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皇家新月" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2289728#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Royal_Crescent" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Crescent"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Crescent"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Royal_Crescent" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Royal_Crescent" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&oldid=1242605614" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Royal_Crescent&id=1242605614&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoyal_Crescent"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoyal_Crescent"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Royal_Crescent&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Crescent" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2289728" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Royal_Crescent&params=51_23_13_N_2_22_06_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°23′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°22′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.38694°N 2.36833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.38694; -2.36833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Georgian crescent in Bath, Somerset</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the residential development in Brighton, see <a href="/wiki/Royal_Crescent,_Brighton" title="Royal Crescent, Brighton">Royal Crescent, Brighton</a>. For the residential development in Holland Park, London, see <a href="/wiki/Royal_Crescent,_London" title="Royal Crescent, London">Royal Crescent, London</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="font-size:125%; text-align:center">Royal Crescent</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg/250px-Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg/375px-Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg/500px-Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1372" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Royal Crescent from a <a href="/wiki/Hot_air_balloon" title="Hot air balloon">hot air balloon</a>, contrasting its uniform public front façade against its more architecturally varied private rear.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Royal_Crescent&params=51_23_13_N_2_22_06_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°23′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°22′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.38694°N 2.36833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.38694; -2.36833</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">1767–1774</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Current use</th><td class="infobox-data">Private residences</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Wood,_the_Younger" title="John Wood, the Younger">John Wood, the Younger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Architectural style(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #FFC0CB; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade I</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Nos. 1–30, Royal Crescent</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">12 June 1950<sup id="cite_ref-nhlecres_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlecres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1394736</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #ACE1AF; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade II</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Five lamp columns</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">15 October 2010<sup id="cite_ref-nhlelamps_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlelamps-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1394739</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #ACE1AF; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade II</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">1A, Royal Crescent</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">5 August 1975<sup id="cite_ref-nhle1a_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhle1a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1394740</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Somerset_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Crescent is located in Somerset"><img alt="Royal Crescent is located in Somerset" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Somerset_UK_location_map.svg/235px-Somerset_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Somerset_UK_location_map.svg/353px-Somerset_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Somerset_UK_location_map.svg/470px-Somerset_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="901" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.741%;left:86.504%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Royal Crescent"><img alt="Royal Crescent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Royal Crescent in Somerset</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Royal Crescent</b> is a row of 30 <a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">terraced houses</a> laid out in a sweeping <a href="/wiki/Crescent_(architecture)" title="Crescent (architecture)">crescent</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>, England. Designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/John_Wood,_the_Younger" title="John Wood, the Younger">John Wood, the Younger</a>, and built between 1767 and 1774, it is among the greatest examples of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian architecture</a> to be found in the United Kingdom and is a Grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>. Although some changes have been made to the various interiors over the years, the Georgian stone facade remains much as it was when first built. </p><p>The 500-foot-long (150 m) crescent has 114 <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">columns</a> on the first floor with an <a href="/wiki/Entablature" title="Entablature">entablature</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladian</a> style above. It was the first crescent of terraced houses to be built and an example of "<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rus_in_urbe" class="extiw" title="wikt:rus in urbe">rus in urbe</a></i>" (the country in the city) with its views over the parkland opposite. </p><p>Many notable people have either lived or stayed in the Royal Crescent since it was built over 240 years ago, and some are commemorated on special plaques attached to the relevant buildings. Of the crescent's 30 townhouses, 10 are still full-size townhouses; 18 have been split into flats of various sizes; One is the <a href="/wiki/No._1_Royal_Crescent" title="No. 1 Royal Crescent">No. 1 Royal Crescent</a> museum, and The Royal Crescent Hotel & Spa, at the centre of the crescent, is made up of No. 16 and No.15. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_construction">Design and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The street that is known today as "the Royal Crescent" was originally named "The Crescent." It is claimed that the adjective "Royal" was added at the end of the 18th century after <a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany">Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany</a> had stayed there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198113_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198113-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He initially rented number one and later bought number 16.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddon1982113_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddon1982113-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Crescent is close to <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victoria_Park,_Bath" title="Royal Victoria Park, Bath">Victoria Park</a> and linked via Brock Street to <a href="/wiki/Circus_(Bath)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circus (Bath)">The Circus</a> which had been designed by <a href="/wiki/John_Wood,_the_Elder" title="John Wood, the Elder">John Wood, the Elder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGadd1987100–101_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGadd1987100–101-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The land on which the Royal Crescent stands was bought from Sir Benet Garrard of the <a href="/wiki/Garrard_baronets" title="Garrard baronets">Garrard baronets</a>, who were the landlords, in December 1766.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199874_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199874-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1767 and 1775 John Wood designed the great curved facade with <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">columns</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Rustication_(architecture)" title="Rustication (architecture)">rusticated</a> ground floor.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each original purchaser bought a length of the façade, and then employed their own architect to build a house behind the facade to their own specifications; hence what can appear to be two houses is occasionally just one. This system of town planning is betrayed at the rear and can be seen from the road behind the Crescent: while the front is uniform and symmetrical, the rear is a mixture of differing roof heights, juxtapositions and <a href="/wiki/Window" title="Window">fenestration</a>. This architecture, described as "<i>Queen Anne fronts and Mary-Anne backs</i>", occurs repeatedly in Bath.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoonDavidson1995_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoonDavidson1995-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first crescent of terraced houses to be built and an example of <i>"<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rus_in_urbe" class="extiw" title="wikt:rus in urbe">rus in urbe</a>"</i> (the country in the city) with its views over the parkland opposite.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlecres_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlecres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Crescent_Ha-ha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Royal_Crescent_Ha-ha.jpg/170px-Royal_Crescent_Ha-ha.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Royal_Crescent_Ha-ha.jpg/255px-Royal_Crescent_Ha-ha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Royal_Crescent_Ha-ha.jpg/340px-Royal_Crescent_Ha-ha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha">Ha-ha</a> in front of the Royal Crescent</figcaption></figure> <p>In front of the Royal Crescent is a <a href="/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha">ha-ha</a>, a ditch on which the inner side is vertical and faced with stone, with the outer face sloped and <a href="/wiki/Sod" title="Sod">turfed</a>, making an effective but invisible partition between the lower and upper lawns. The ha-ha is designed so as not to interrupt the view from <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victoria_Park,_Bath" title="Royal Victoria Park, Bath">Royal Victoria Park</a>, and to be invisible until seen from close by. It is not known whether it was contemporary with the building of the Royal Crescent, however it is known that when it was first created it was deeper than it is at present.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The railings between the crescent and the lawn were included in the <a href="/wiki/Heritage_at_Risk_Register" title="Heritage at Risk Register">Heritage at Risk Register</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> but have been restored and removed from the register.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, the archaeological television programme <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Team" title="Time Team">Time Team</a></i> dug the Royal Crescent in search of a Roman cemetery and the <a href="/wiki/Fosse_Way" title="Fosse Way">Fosse Way</a>. The remains of a Roman wall were found behind the crescent and evidence of possible Iron and Bronze Age settlement on the lawn in front.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Completion_of_the_Royal_Crescent_Thomas_Malton_1769.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Completion_of_the_Royal_Crescent_Thomas_Malton_1769.JPG/220px-Completion_of_the_Royal_Crescent_Thomas_Malton_1769.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Completion_of_the_Royal_Crescent_Thomas_Malton_1769.JPG/330px-Completion_of_the_Royal_Crescent_Thomas_Malton_1769.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Completion_of_the_Royal_Crescent_Thomas_Malton_1769.JPG/440px-Completion_of_the_Royal_Crescent_Thomas_Malton_1769.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>The completion of the building work in 1769</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 19th century five <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> lamp columns with decorative scrollwork were added.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlelamps_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlelamps-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921, architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Tor_Russell" title="Robert Tor Russell">Robert Tor Russell</a> used the Crescent as a source of inspiration to design the central business district of <a href="/wiki/Connaught_Place,_New_Delhi" title="Connaught Place, New Delhi">Connaught Place, New Delhi</a>, India.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Bath_Blitz" title="Bath Blitz">Bath Blitz</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, known as the Baedecker Raids or <a href="/wiki/Baedeker_Blitz" title="Baedeker Blitz">Baedeker Blitz</a>, some bomb damage occurred, the most serious being the gutting of numbers 2 and 17 by incendiaries.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After World War II, during a period of redevelopment which is described as the <i>Sack of Bath</i>, the City Council considered plans that would have seen the Crescent transformed into Council offices. These were unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth200344–45_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth200344–45-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 20th century many of the houses which had formerly been the residences of single families with maids or other staff were divided into flats and offices. However, the tradition of distinguished <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">gentlefolk</a> retiring to the crescent continued. The whole crescent was designated as a Grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-IoE1to30_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoE1to30-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Number 16 became a guest house in 1950. In 1971 it was combined with number 15 to become the <i>Royal Crescent Hotel</i> occupying the central properties of the Crescent, which were renovated and additional rooms in pavilions and <a href="/wiki/Carriage_house" title="Carriage house">coach houses</a> within the gardens included in the accommodation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199879–83_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199879–83-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003150_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003150-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was sold in 1978 to John Tham, the chairman of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Sloane_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London Sloane Club (page does not exist)">London Sloane Club</a>, and restored.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198173–75_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198173–75-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later purchased by <a href="/wiki/Von_Essen_Hotels" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Essen Hotels">Von Essen Hotels</a>, which became insolvent in 2011. In September 2011 it was expected that <a href="/wiki/London_%26_Regional_Properties" title="London & Regional Properties">London & Regional Properties</a> would purchase the hotel,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but negotiations ended in January 2012 without a deal.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 April 2012, investment company the <a href="/wiki/Topland_Group" title="Topland Group">Topland Group</a> announced that it had purchased the Royal Crescent Hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s the resident of No 22, Miss <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amabel_Wellesley-Colley,&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amabel Wellesley-Colley, (page does not exist)">Amabel Wellesley-Colley,</a> painted her front door yellow instead of the traditional white. Bath City Council issued a notice insisting it should be repainted. A court case ensued which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Environment" title="Secretary of State for the Environment">Secretary of State for the Environment</a> declaring that the door could remain yellow. Other proposals for alteration and development including floodlighting and a swimming pool have been defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198171–72_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198171–72-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_314.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_314.jpg/145px-Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_314.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_314.jpg/218px-Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_314.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_314.jpg/290px-Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_314.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Number 11, Royal Crescent, Bath, was the home to the family of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Linley_the_elder" title="Thomas Linley the elder">Thomas Linley the elder</a>, a singing-master and conductor of concerts from 1771</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_313.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_313.jpg/145px-Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_313.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_313.jpg/218px-Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_313.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_313.jpg/290px-Thomas_Linley_the_elder_20130408_313.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">His second daughter <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Linley" title="Elizabeth Ann Linley">Elizabeth Ann Linley</a>, a singer in her own right, eloped with the playwright and poet <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan" title="Richard Brinsley Sheridan">Richard Brinsley Sheridan</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The first resident of Number 1 was Thomas Brock, Town Clerk of <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>, for whom Brock Street was named.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875–77_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875–77-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sister Elizabeth had married the architect of the Crescent, <a href="/wiki/John_Wood,_the_Younger" title="John Wood, the Younger">John Wood, the Younger</a>. Brock's first tenant at No. 1 was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sandford,_1st_Baron_Mount_Sandford" title="Henry Sandford, 1st Baron Mount Sandford">Henry Sandford</a>, a retired Irish MP who rented the house from 1776 until his death in Bath in 1796. Sandford was described as a 'gentleman of the most benevolent disposition'. <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a> stayed at Number 2 in 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlecres_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlecres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Anstey" title="Christopher Anstey">Christopher Anstey</a>, a well-known writer of the time, was resident in number 4 from 1770 until 1805, although the plaque to him is placed on number 5.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198126_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198126-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jean Baptiste, Vicomte du Barre took over number 8 in 1778 and hosted parties and gambling. He died in a duel on <a href="/wiki/Claverton_Down" title="Claverton Down">Claverton Down</a> and is buried in the churchyard at the Church of St Nicholas in <a href="/wiki/Bathampton" title="Bathampton">Bathampton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198131_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198131-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1768 to 1774 number 9 was home to <a href="/wiki/Philip_Thicknesse" title="Philip Thicknesse">Philip Thicknesse</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">soldier of fortune</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198143_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198143-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Number 11 was home to the family of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Linley_the_elder" title="Thomas Linley the elder">Thomas Linley</a>, a singing-master and conductor of the concerts from 1771. His eldest daughter <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Linley" title="Elizabeth Ann Linley">Elizabeth Ann Linley</a>, a singer in her own right, eloped with the playwright and poet <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan" title="Richard Brinsley Sheridan">Richard Brinsley Sheridan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198137–38_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198137–38-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The centre house of the crescent (#16) was used as a residence and to host <a href="/wiki/Blue_Stockings_Society" title="Blue Stockings Society">blue stocking</a> events by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Montagu" title="Elizabeth Montagu">Elizabeth Montagu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198152–54_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198152–54-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:II_Lansdown_Crescent,_Bath,_Somerset,_UK_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/II_Lansdown_Crescent%2C_Bath%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_2.jpg/220px-II_Lansdown_Crescent%2C_Bath%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/II_Lansdown_Crescent%2C_Bath%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_2.jpg/330px-II_Lansdown_Crescent%2C_Bath%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/II_Lansdown_Crescent%2C_Bath%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_2.jpg/440px-II_Lansdown_Crescent%2C_Bath%2C_Somerset%2C_UK_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>The centre house, 16 Royal Crescent, Bath, was used as a residence and to host Blue Stockings Society events by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Montagu" title="Elizabeth Montagu">Elizabeth Montagu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the nineteenth century the popularity of the Crescent and 'taking the waters' at the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Baths_(Bath)" title="Roman Baths (Bath)">Roman Baths</a> diminished somewhat. Amongst the residents of Royal Crescent during this time were the electoral reformer <a href="/wiki/Francis_Burdett" title="Francis Burdett">Francis Burdett</a> who lived at number 16 from 1814 to 1822 and his daughter <a href="/wiki/Angela_Burdett-Coutts,_1st_Baroness_Burdett-Coutts" title="Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts">Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198160_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198160-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The retired Admiral <a href="/wiki/William_Hargood" title="William Hargood">William Hargood</a> lived at number 9 from 1834 until 1839 and in 1866 the same house was home to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton">Edward Bulwer-Lytton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198154_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198154-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jurist" title="Jurist">jurist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">explorer</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Falconer_(jurist)" title="Thomas Falconer (jurist)">Thomas Falconer</a> briefly lived at number 18 before his death in 1882. A few years later the house next door at number 17 became home to <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Pitman" title="Isaac Pitman">Isaac Pitman</a> who developed the most widely used system of <a href="/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand">shorthand</a>, now known as <a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddon1982113_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddon1982113-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198163–64_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198163–64-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English professor <a href="/wiki/George_Saintsbury" title="George Saintsbury">George Saintsbury</a> took up residence at number 1A in 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198167_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198167-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_use">Current use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Current use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The houses and flats in the Crescent are a mixture of tenures. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> when there was a shortage of housing and the city council bought up older properties, including some in Royal Crescent, as <a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public housing in the United Kingdom">public housing</a> to rent out.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1985" title="Housing Act 1985">Housing Act 1985</a> changed the <a href="/wiki/Succession_and_council_housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Succession and council housing in the United Kingdom">succession of Council Houses</a> and facilitated the transfer of <a href="/wiki/Council_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Council housing">council housing</a> to not-for-profit <a href="/wiki/Housing_association" title="Housing association">housing associations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jrf-20030910_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jrf-20030910-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several were subsequently sold into private ownership,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however one remains in council ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/No._1_Royal_Crescent" title="No. 1 Royal Crescent">No. 1 Royal Crescent</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Historic_house_museum" title="Historic house museum">historic house museum</a>, owned and maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Bath_Preservation_Trust" title="Bath Preservation Trust">Bath Preservation Trust</a> through its membership to illustrate how wealthy owners of the late 18th century might have furnished and occupied such a house.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was purchased in 1967 by Major Bernard Cayzer, a member of the family that made its fortune through the Clan shipping line. He donated it to the Trust with an amount of money for its restoration and furnishing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198124_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198124-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The restoration was led by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Jebb" title="Philip Jebb">Philip Jebb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003148_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003148-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bath Preservation Trust was working during 2012–13 to re-unite Number One with its original servants' wing at Number 1A Royal Crescent, which has been in use as a separate dwelling for many years. No. 1 serves as the Trust's headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Number 15 and 16 are still used as a hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" title="Bath and North East Somerset">Bath and North East Somerset</a> council made an order banning coaches and buses from the crescent, after many years of complaints by residents that the tours given to tourists were disruptive, particularly because of the amplified commentary given by tour guides on open top buses.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Crescent,_Bath_2014_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Royal_Crescent%2C_Bath_2014_07.jpg/220px-Royal_Crescent%2C_Bath_2014_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Royal_Crescent%2C_Bath_2014_07.jpg/330px-Royal_Crescent%2C_Bath_2014_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Royal_Crescent%2C_Bath_2014_07.jpg/440px-Royal_Crescent%2C_Bath_2014_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Architectural detail of the <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> columns, <a href="/wiki/Entablature" title="Entablature">entablature</a> and cast iron lamp</figcaption></figure> <p>The crescent is 500 feet (150 m) long and each building is almost 50 feet (15 m) high, including small rooms with dormer windows in the attic.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlecres_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlecres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ground floor is plain emphasising the columns and windows of the first floor. The 114 columns are 30 inches (76 cm) in diameter reaching 47 feet (14.3 m), each with an <a href="/wiki/Entablature" title="Entablature">entablature</a> 5 feet (1.5 m) deep in a <a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladian</a> style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875–76_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875–76-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IoE1to30_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoE1to30-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central house (now the Royal Crescent Hotel) boasts two sets of coupled columns with a single window between them which is the middle of the crescent.<sup id="cite_ref-IoE1to30_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IoE1to30-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199876_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199876-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nhlecres_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlecres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are built of Bath stone. They have slate roofs but were originally stone tiled.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlecres_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlecres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appearance of each house is very similar with only minor variations between them, for example, some have small <a href="/wiki/Balconet" title="Balconet">balconettes</a> on the first floor. Many of the windows have been restored to their original style with glazing bars rather than the horned plate glass <a href="/wiki/Sash_window" title="Sash window">sash windows</a> which had been installed in the 19th or early 20th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlecres_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlecres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the window sills had also been lowered. This has been reversed at Number 1 but policy has since changed with a decision to keep the alterations which were made in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003147–150_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003147–150-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In front of the houses are cast iron railings which are mirrored by those on the opposite side of the road at the top of Victoria Park. The road is surfaced with pennant stone laid when the crescent was constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlecres_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlecres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1965, the <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wrong_Box" title="The Wrong Box">The Wrong Box</a></i> (1966) used the Crescent extensively as a location, standing in for London. </p><p>The 1965 film <i><a href="/wiki/Catch_Us_If_You_Can_(film)" title="Catch Us If You Can (film)">Catch Us If You Can</a></i> had a sequence filmed outside the Crescent, and in one of its houses.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, a TV edition of <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Persuasion_(2007_TV_drama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Persuasion (2007 TV drama)">Persuasion</a></i> included many scenes shot at the Crescent, where the <a href="/wiki/Anne_Elliot" title="Anne Elliot">Elliot</a> family was supposedly living while in Bath.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Crescent featured in the 2008 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Duchess_(film)" title="The Duchess (film)">The Duchess</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Keira_Knightley" title="Keira Knightley">Keira Knightley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fictional heroine of 2008 BBC1 archaeology thriller <i><a href="/wiki/Bonekickers" title="Bonekickers">Bonekickers</a></i> was depicted as living in the Crescent.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, the hotel in the Crescent was a location for BBC1 series <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Girl" title="Our Girl">Our Girl</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the Crescent was first used in the <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Bridgerton" title="Bridgerton">Bridgerton</a></i> and continued to be used in later seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> television series <i><a href="/wiki/McDonald_%26_Dodds" title="McDonald & Dodds">McDonald & Dodds</a></i> is set in Bath and makes frequent use of the Crescent as interstitial scenery as well as a shooting location. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Panorama">Panorama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Panorama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Crescent_in_Bath,_England_-_July_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of the Royal Crescent. The ha-ha can be seen separating the upper and lower lawns."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Crescent_in_Bath%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg/1600px-Royal_Crescent_in_Bath%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="1600" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Crescent_in_Bath%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg/2400px-Royal_Crescent_in_Bath%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Crescent_in_Bath%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg/3200px-Royal_Crescent_in_Bath%2C_England_-_July_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="1095" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Crescent_in_Bath,_England_-_July_2006.jpg" title="File:Royal Crescent in Bath, England - July 2006.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of the Royal Crescent. The <a href="/wiki/Ha-ha" title="Ha-ha">ha-ha</a> can be seen separating the upper and lower lawns.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grade I listed buildings in Bath and North East Somerset">List of Grade I listed buildings in Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Crescent" title="Buxton Crescent">Buxton Crescent</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nhlecres-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nhlecres_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlecres_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlecres_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlecres_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlecres_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlecres_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlecres_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlecres_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1394736">"Nos. 1-30 Royal Crescent"</a>. <i>National Heritage List for England</i>. Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306035129/https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1394736">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Nos.+1-30+Royal+Crescent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1394736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhlelamps-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nhlelamps_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhlelamps_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1394739">"Five lamp columns"</a>. <i>National Heritage List for England</i>. Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306034734/https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1394739">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Five+lamp+columns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1394739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhle1a-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nhle1a_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1394740">"1A, Royal Crescent"</a>. <i>National Heritage List for England</i>. Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313151746/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1394740">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=1A%2C+Royal+Crescent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicengland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1394740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198113-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198113_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/8466840/Von-Essens-historic-hotels-from-Cliveden-to-Sharrow-Bays-sticky-toffee-pudding.html?image=4">"Von Essen's historic hotels: from Cliveden to Sharrow Bay's sticky toffee pudding"</a>. <i>Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306035753/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/8466840/Von-Essens-historic-hotels-from-Cliveden-to-Sharrow-Bays-sticky-toffee-pudding.html?image=4">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph&rft.atitle=Von+Essen%27s+historic+hotels%3A+from+Cliveden+to+Sharrow+Bay%27s+sticky+toffee+pudding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fnewsbysector%2Fretailandconsumer%2Fleisure%2F8466840%2FVon-Essens-historic-hotels-from-Cliveden-to-Sharrow-Bays-sticky-toffee-pudding.html%3Fimage%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddon1982113-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddon1982113_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddon1982113_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaddon1982">Haddon 1982</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGadd1987100–101-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGadd1987100–101_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGadd1987">Gadd 1987</a>, pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199874-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199874_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrathorne1998">Crathorne 1998</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcrescentbath.co.uk/HistoryRoyalCrescent.htm">"Royal Crescent History"</a>. Royal Crescent, Bath. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019012950/http://royalcrescentbath.co.uk/HistoryRoyalCrescent.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Crescent+History&rft.pub=Royal+Crescent%2C+Bath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcrescentbath.co.uk%2FHistoryRoyalCrescent.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoonDavidson1995-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoonDavidson1995_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoonDavidson1995">Moon & Davidson 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.18thc-cities.paris-sorbonne.fr/The-Northern-crescents-in-Bath?lang=fr">"The Northern crescents in Bath"</a>. Georgian Cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011133745/http://www.18thc-cities.paris-sorbonne.fr/The-Northern-crescents-in-Bath?lang=fr">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Northern+crescents+in+Bath&rft.pub=Georgian+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.18thc-cities.paris-sorbonne.fr%2FThe-Northern-crescents-in-Bath%3Flang%3Dfr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royalcrescentbath.co.uk/Crescent%20Lawn%20detail%20History.htm">"Royal Crescent Lawn 'Ha Ha' and its History"</a>. Royal Crescent, Bath. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130152912/http://www.royalcrescentbath.co.uk/Crescent%20Lawn%20detail%20History.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Crescent+Lawn+%27Ha+Ha%27+and+its+History&rft.pub=Royal+Crescent%2C+Bath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyalcrescentbath.co.uk%2FCrescent%2520Lawn%2520detail%2520History.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardisty2003" class="citation web cs1">Hardisty, Jenny (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcrescentbath.com/HistoryRoyalCrescent%201.htm#The%20History%20of%20the%20Ha-ha">"The History of the Ha-ha"</a>. Royal Crescent Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707214731/http://www.royalcrescentbath.com/HistoryRoyalCrescent%201.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Ha-ha&rft.pub=Royal+Crescent+Society&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Hardisty&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcrescentbath.com%2FHistoryRoyalCrescent%25201.htm%23The%2520History%2520of%2520the%2520Ha-ha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bath-preservation-trust.org.uk/royal-crescent-paving-and-railings/">"Royal Crescent Paving and Railings"</a>. Bath Preservation Trust. 24 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151030183034/http://www.bath-preservation-trust.org.uk/royal-crescent-paving-and-railings/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Crescent+Paving+and+Railings&rft.pub=Bath+Preservation+Trust&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bath-preservation-trust.org.uk%2Froyal-crescent-paving-and-railings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell2003" class="citation web cs1">Maxwell, Roy (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131165322/http://www.royalcrescentbath.com/HistoryRoyalCrescent%202.htm">"Beneath the Surface: Channel Four's Time Team comes to Bath"</a>. Royal Crescent Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcrescentbath.com/HistoryRoyalCrescent%202.htm#Beneath_the_Surface:_Channel_Fours_Time_Team_comes_to_Bath_">the original</a> on 31 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beneath+the+Surface%3A+Channel+Four%27s+Time+Team+comes+to+Bath&rft.pub=Royal+Crescent+Society&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcrescentbath.com%2FHistoryRoyalCrescent%25202.htm%23Beneath_the_Surface%3A_Channel_Fours_Time_Team_comes_to_Bath_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2011" class="citation news cs1">Roy, Sidhartha (29 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/cp-s-blueprint-bath-s-crescent/story-gJCuSSrHKqa0hRILoMPiPK.html">"CP's blueprint: Bath's Crescent"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306035357/http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/cp-s-blueprint-bath-s-crescent/story-gJCuSSrHKqa0hRILoMPiPK.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=CP%27s+blueprint%3A+Bath%27s+Crescent&rft.date=2011-08-29&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Sidhartha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fdelhi%2Fcp-s-blueprint-bath-s-crescent%2Fstory-gJCuSSrHKqa0hRILoMPiPK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Sarkar2016" class="citation web cs1">De Sarkar, Dipanker (15 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/XiQb1DbkFW9dgV0JA15ORO/Connaught-Place-a-Life-in-the-Day.html">"Connaught Place: a Life in the Day"</a>. Live Mint. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306034440/http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/XiQb1DbkFW9dgV0JA15ORO/Connaught-Place-a-Life-in-the-Day.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Connaught+Place%3A+a+Life+in+the+Day&rft.pub=Live+Mint&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft.aulast=De+Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Dipanker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FOpinion%2FXiQb1DbkFW9dgV0JA15ORO%2FConnaught-Place-a-Life-in-the-Day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Monica_Baly" title="Monica Baly">Baly, Monica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131165322/http://www.royalcrescentbath.com/HistoryRoyalCrescent%202.htm">"The Day Bombs fell on Bath"</a>. Royal Crescent Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcrescentbath.com/HistoryRoyalCrescent%202.htm#The_Day_Bombs_fell_on_Bath">the original</a> on 31 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Day+Bombs+fell+on+Bath&rft.pub=Royal+Crescent+Society&rft.aulast=Baly&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcrescentbath.com%2FHistoryRoyalCrescent%25202.htm%23The_Day_Bombs_fell_on_Bath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth200344–45-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth200344–45_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForsyth2003">Forsyth 2003</a>, pp. 44–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IoE1to30-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IoE1to30_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IoE1to30_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IoE1to30_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071103232721/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=443488">"Royal Crescent"</a>. <i>Images of England</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=443488">the original</a> on 3 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Images+of+England&rft.atitle=Royal+Crescent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imagesofengland.org.uk%2Fdetails%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fid%3D443488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199879–83-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199879–83_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrathorne1998">Crathorne 1998</a>, pp. 79–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003150-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003150_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForsyth2003">Forsyth 2003</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198173–75-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198173–75_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, pp. 73–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmer2012" class="citation news cs1">Harmer, Janet (30 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecaterer.com/articles/343066/royal-crescent-in-bath-is-latest-von-essen-hotel-to-bel">"Royal Crescent in Bath is latest Von Essen hotel to be sold"</a>. <i>The Caterer</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426190834/https://www.thecaterer.com/articles/343066/royal-crescent-in-bath-is-latest-von-essen-hotel-to-bel">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Caterer&rft.atitle=Royal+Crescent+in+Bath+is+latest+Von+Essen+hotel+to+be+sold&rft.date=2012-03-30&rft.aulast=Harmer&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecaterer.com%2Farticles%2F343066%2Froyal-crescent-in-bath-is-latest-von-essen-hotel-to-bel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmer2012" class="citation news cs1">Harmer, Janet (30 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202080037/http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/30/01/2012/342098/Cliveden-sale-to-complete-tomorrow-as-new-owners-promise-to-return-property39s.htm">"Cliveden sale to complete tomorrow as new owners promise to return property's sparkle"</a>. <i>Caterer & Hotelkeeper</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/30/01/2012/342098/Cliveden-sale-to-complete-tomorrow-as-new-owners-promise-to-return-property39s.htm">the original</a> on 2 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caterer+%26+Hotelkeeper&rft.atitle=Cliveden+sale+to+complete+tomorrow+as+new+owners+promise+to+return+property%27s+sparkle&rft.date=2012-01-30&rft.aulast=Harmer&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caterersearch.com%2FArticles%2F30%2F01%2F2012%2F342098%2FCliveden-sale-to-complete-tomorrow-as-new-owners-promise-to-return-property39s.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topland.co.uk/our-businesses/hotels/royal-crescent/">"The Royal Crescent Hotel, Bath"</a>. Topland Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306033558/http://www.topland.co.uk/our-businesses/hotels/royal-crescent/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Crescent+Hotel%2C+Bath&rft.pub=Topland+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topland.co.uk%2Four-businesses%2Fhotels%2Froyal-crescent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198171–72-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198171–72_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, pp. 71–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875–77-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875–77_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrathorne1998">Crathorne 1998</a>, pp. 75–77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198126-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198126_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198131-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198131_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198143-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198143_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198137–38-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198137–38_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, pp. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198152–54-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198152–54_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, pp. 52–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198160-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198160_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198154-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198154_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198163–64-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198163–64_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, pp. 63–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198167-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198167_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museumofbatharchitecture.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Bath-History-of-Social-Housing-booklet.pdf">"The Best for the Most with the Least"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Museum of Bath Architecture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180426190835/http://museumofbatharchitecture.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Bath-History-of-Social-Housing-booklet.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Best+for+the+Most+with+the+Least&rft.pub=Museum+of+Bath+Architecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseumofbatharchitecture.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F08%2FBath-History-of-Social-Housing-booklet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jrf-20030910-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jrf-20030910_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHal_Pawson,_Cathy_Fancie2003" class="citation report cs1">Hal Pawson, Cathy Fancie (10 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/evolution-stock-transfer-housing-associations">The evolution of stock transfer housing associations</a> (Report). Joseph Rowntree Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86134-545-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-86134-545-3"><bdi>1-86134-545-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170303203140/https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/evolution-stock-transfer-housing-associations">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+stock+transfer+housing+associations&rft.pub=Joseph+Rowntree+Foundation&rft.date=2003-09-10&rft.isbn=1-86134-545-3&rft.au=Hal+Pawson%2C+Cathy+Fancie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrf.org.uk%2Freport%2Fevolution-stock-transfer-housing-associations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2005" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Steven (28 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2005/feb/28/keyworkerhousing.uknews">"Sale of premium flats in Bath will house key workers"</a>. <i>Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140917192906/http://www.theguardian.com/society/2005/feb/28/keyworkerhousing.uknews">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=Sale+of+premium+flats+in+Bath+will+house+key+workers&rft.date=2005-02-28&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2005%2Ffeb%2F28%2Fkeyworkerhousing.uknews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royalcrescentbath.co.uk/HistoryRoyalCrescent.htm">"Royal Crescent History"</a>. Royal Crescent, Bath. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019012950/http://royalcrescentbath.co.uk/HistoryRoyalCrescent.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Crescent+History&rft.pub=Royal+Crescent%2C+Bath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyalcrescentbath.co.uk%2FHistoryRoyalCrescent.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219035854/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=447275">"No 1 Royal Crescent"</a>. <i>Images of England</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=447275">the original</a> on 19 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Images+of+England&rft.atitle=No+1+Royal+Crescent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imagesofengland.org.uk%2Fdetails%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fid%3D447275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELowndes198124-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowndes198124_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLowndes1981">Lowndes 1981</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003148-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003148_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForsyth2003">Forsyth 2003</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://no1royalcrescent.org.uk/">"No 1 Royal Crescent"</a>. Bath Preservation Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216162622/http://no1royalcrescent.org.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+1+Royal+Crescent&rft.pub=Bath+Preservation+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fno1royalcrescent.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcrescent.co.uk/">"Hotel and Spa"</a>. The Royal Crescent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223111619/http://www.royalcrescent.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hotel+and+Spa&rft.pub=The+Royal+Crescent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcrescent.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitfield" class="citation news cs1">Whitfield, Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/defenders-of-bath-jewel-aim-to-stop-tour-buses-residents-say-royal-crescent-should-close-martin-1400534.html">"Defenders of Bath 'jewel' aim to stop tour buses: Residents say Royal Crescent should close"</a>. <i>Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306040113/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/defenders-of-bath-jewel-aim-to-stop-tour-buses-residents-say-royal-crescent-should-close-martin-1400534.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Defenders+of+Bath+%27jewel%27+aim+to+stop+tour+buses%3A+Residents+say+Royal+Crescent+should+close.&rft.aulast=Whitfield&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fdefenders-of-bath-jewel-aim-to-stop-tour-buses-residents-say-royal-crescent-should-close-martin-1400534.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royalcrescentbath.co.uk/GeneralInformantion.htm">"General Information"</a>. Royal Crescent, Bath. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160926042928/http://royalcrescentbath.co.uk/GeneralInformantion.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Information&rft.pub=Royal+Crescent%2C+Bath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyalcrescentbath.co.uk%2FGeneralInformantion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democracy.bathnes.gov.uk/celistdocuments.aspx?MID=2954&DF=20/10/1998&A=1&R=0&F=embed$13prohib.htm">"Transportation Sub-Committee Tuesday, 20th October, 1998"</a>. Bath and North East Somerset Council. 20 October 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306035005/https://democracy.bathnes.gov.uk/celistdocuments.aspx?MID=2954&DF=20%2F10%2F1998&A=1&R=0&F=embed%2413prohib.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transportation+Sub-Committee+Tuesday%2C+20th+October%2C+1998&rft.pub=Bath+and+North+East+Somerset+Council&rft.date=1998-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemocracy.bathnes.gov.uk%2Fcelistdocuments.aspx%3FMID%3D2954%26DF%3D20%2F10%2F1998%26A%3D1%26R%3D0%26F%3Dembed%2413prohib.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrathorne1998">Crathorne 1998</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875–76-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199875–76_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrathorne1998">Crathorne 1998</a>, pp. 75–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrathorne199876-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrathorne199876_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrathorne1998">Crathorne 1998</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003147–150-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth2003147–150_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForsyth2003">Forsyth 2003</a>, pp. 147–150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reelstreets.com/index.php/component/films/?task=view&id=154&film_ref=catch_us_if_you_can">"Catch Us If You Can"</a>. Reel Streets. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208073101/http://www.reelstreets.com/index.php/component/films/?task=view&id=154&film_ref=catch_us_if_you_can">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catch+Us+If+You+Can&rft.pub=Reel+Streets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reelstreets.com%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Ffilms%2F%3Ftask%3Dview%26id%3D154%26film_ref%3Dcatch_us_if_you_can&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcrescentbath.co.uk/filmography.htm">"Filmography"</a>. Royal Crescent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115022/http://www.royalcrescentbath.co.uk/filmography.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Filmography&rft.pub=Royal+Crescent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcrescentbath.co.uk%2Ffilmography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/d/Duchess.html#.WuIht8gvyUk">"The Duchess film locations"</a>. Movie Locations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014104853/http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/d/Duchess.html#.WuIht8gvyUk">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Duchess+film+locations&rft.pub=Movie+Locations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.movie-locations.com%2Fmovies%2Fd%2FDuchess.html%23.WuIht8gvyUk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208194249/http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/Film-chiefs-say-don-t-need-Bonekickers-II/story-11322131-detail/story.html">"Film office: work rolling in despite Bonekickers axing"</a>. <i>Bath Chronicle</i>. 3 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/film-chiefs-say-don-t-need-bonekickers-ii/story-11322131-detail/story.html">the original</a> on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bath+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Film+office%3A+work+rolling+in+despite+Bonekickers+axing&rft.date=2008-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bathchronicle.co.uk%2Ffilm-chiefs-say-don-t-need-bonekickers-ii%2Fstory-11322131-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcrescent.co.uk/royal-crescent-experience/experience-luxury-at-the-rch/">"Experience Luxury at The RCH"</a>. <i>The Royal Crescent Hotel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Crescent+Hotel&rft.atitle=Experience+Luxury+at+The+RCH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcrescent.co.uk%2Froyal-crescent-experience%2Fexperience-luxury-at-the-rch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitbath.co.uk/blog/read/2022/03/baths-starring-role-in-bridgerton-b86">"Bath's Starring Role in Bridgerton"</a>. <i>Visit Bath</i>. 9 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Bath&rft.atitle=Bath%27s+Starring+Role+in+Bridgerton&rft.date=2022-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitbath.co.uk%2Fblog%2Fread%2F2022%2F03%2Fbaths-starring-role-in-bridgerton-b86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrathorne1998" class="citation book cs1">Crathorne, James (1998). <i>The Royal Crescent Book of Bath</i>. Collins & Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85585-498-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85585-498-7"><bdi>978-1-85585-498-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Crescent+Book+of+Bath&rft.pub=Collins+%26+Brown&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-85585-498-7&rft.aulast=Crathorne&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsyth2003" class="citation book cs1">Forsyth, Michael (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HXrQN-GkmdYC&q=Sack+of+Bath+Royal+Crescent&pg=PA44"><i>Bath Buildings of England Pevsner architectural guides</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. 44–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10177-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10177-5"><bdi>978-0-300-10177-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bath+Buildings+of+England+Pevsner+architectural+guides&rft.pages=44-45&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10177-5&rft.aulast=Forsyth&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHXrQN-GkmdYC%26q%3DSack%2Bof%2BBath%2BRoyal%2BCrescent%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGadd1987" class="citation book cs1">Gadd, David (1987). <i>Georgian Summer: Rise and Development of Bath</i> (2 ed.). Countryside Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905392-60-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905392-60-8"><bdi>978-0-905392-60-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgian+Summer%3A+Rise+and+Development+of+Bath&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Countryside+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-905392-60-8&rft.aulast=Gadd&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaddon1982" class="citation book cs1">Haddon, John (1982). <i>Portrait of Bath</i>. Robert Hale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-9883-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-9883-3"><bdi>978-0-7091-9883-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portrait+of+Bath&rft.pub=Robert+Hale&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-7091-9883-3&rft.aulast=Haddon&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowndes1981" class="citation book cs1">Lowndes, William (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/royalcrescentinb0000lown"><i>The Royal Crescent in Bath</i></a></span>. Redcliffe Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905459-34-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905459-34-9"><bdi>978-0-905459-34-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Crescent+in+Bath&rft.pub=Redcliffe+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-905459-34-9&rft.aulast=Lowndes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froyalcrescentinb0000lown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoonDavidson1995" class="citation book cs1">Moon, Michael; Davidson, Cathy N. (1995). <i>Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill</i>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-1539-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-1539-4"><bdi>0-8223-1539-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subjects+and+Citizens%3A+Nation%2C+Race%2C+and+Gender+from+Oroonoko+to+Anita+Hill&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8223-1539-4&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Cathy+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Crescent" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Crescent" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Royal Crescent">Royal Crescent</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bath-preservation-trust.org.uk">The Bath Preservation Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcrescent.co.uk/">Royal Crescent Hotel & Spa</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2289728#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2289728#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2289728#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85115580">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282111205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20018298">Structurae</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&oldid=1242605614">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&oldid=1242605614</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Georgian_architecture_in_England" title="Category:Georgian architecture in England">Georgian architecture in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_Bath,_Somerset" title="Category:Streets in Bath, Somerset">Streets in Bath, Somerset</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_and_open_spaces_in_Bath,_Somerset" title="Category:Parks and open spaces in Bath, Somerset">Parks and open spaces in Bath, Somerset</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Bath,_Somerset" title="Category:Grade I listed buildings in Bath, Somerset">Grade I listed buildings in Bath, Somerset</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grade_I_listed_residential_buildings" title="Category:Grade I listed residential buildings">Grade I listed residential buildings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Houses_completed_in_1774" title="Category:Houses completed in 1774">Houses completed in 1774</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crescents_(architecture)" title="Category:Crescents (architecture)">Crescents (architecture)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Structures_on_the_Heritage_at_Risk_register_in_Somerset" title="Category:Structures on the Heritage at Risk register in Somerset">Structures on the Heritage at Risk register in Somerset</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2017">Use dmy dates from March 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_January_2018" title="Category:EngvarB from January 2018">EngvarB from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 August 2024, at 18:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Crescent&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-bg57b","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.824","walltime":"0.955","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7409,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":126374,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9728,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":162271,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 860.890 1 -total"," 29.79% 256.436 5 Template:Infobox"," 28.76% 247.607 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.16% 164.977 1 Template:Infobox_historic_site"," 18.85% 162.245 25 Template:Cite_web"," 11.46% 98.677 27 Template:Sfn"," 9.02% 77.672 1 Template:Authority_control"," 7.94% 68.344 1 Template:Commons_category"," 7.74% 66.601 1 Template:Sister_project"," 7.55% 65.024 1 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.506","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10948431,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBaly\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrathorne1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Sarkar2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForsyth2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGadd1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaddon1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHal_Pawson,_Cathy_Fancie2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHardisty2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarmer2012\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLowndes1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaxwell2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoonDavidson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoy2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitfield\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 25,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 6,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox historic site\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 27,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-67ffd876-k5p8z","timestamp":"20241125135530","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Royal Crescent","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Crescent","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2289728","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2289728","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-05T21:06:36Z","dateModified":"2024-08-27T18:02:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/31\/Royal.crescent.aerial.bath.arp.jpg","headline":"row of 30 terraced houses laid out in a sweeping crescent in the city of Bath, England"}</script> </body> </html>