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id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Calendar+of+saints" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Calendar_of_saints&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feast_day&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">Feast day</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the calendar of saints in general. For specific calendars of saints, see <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Calendar of saints (disambiguation)">Calendar of saints (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p>The <b>calendar of saints</b> is the traditional Christian method of organizing a <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">liturgical year</a> by associating each day with one or more <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a> and referring to the day as the <b>feast day</b> or <b>feast</b> of said saint. The word "feast" in this context does not mean "a large meal, typically a celebratory one", but instead "an annual religious celebration, a day dedicated to a particular saint".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_of_saints.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Calendar_of_saints.jpg/220px-Calendar_of_saints.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Calendar_of_saints.jpg/330px-Calendar_of_saints.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Calendar_of_saints.jpg/440px-Calendar_of_saints.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="736"></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> manuscript fragment of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finnish</a> origin, <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1340</span>–1360, utilized by the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> convent at <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>, showing the liturgical calendar for the month of June</figcaption></figure> <p>The system rose from a Celtic festival of commemorating each <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> annually on the date of their death, their birth into heaven, a date therefore referred to in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> as the martyr's <i>dies natalis</i> ('day of birth'). In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, a calendar of saints is called a <i><a href="/wiki/Menologion" class="mw-redirect" title="Menologion">Menologion</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Menologion" may also mean a set of icons on which saints are depicted in the order of the dates of their feasts, often made in two panels. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Ranking_of_feast_days"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Ranking of feast days</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Connection_to_tropical_cyclones"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Connection to tropical cyclones</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Calendar_of_saints&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P._13_a_calendar_of_saint_days.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/P._13_a_calendar_of_saint_days.jpg/220px-P._13_a_calendar_of_saint_days.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="823"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/P._13_a_calendar_of_saint_days.jpg/220px-P._13_a_calendar_of_saint_days.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/P._13_a_calendar_of_saint_days.jpg/330px-P._13_a_calendar_of_saint_days.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/P._13_a_calendar_of_saint_days.jpg/440px-P._13_a_calendar_of_saint_days.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A Welsh calendar of saints' days, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1488–1498</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Library_of_Ireland_MS_G10_p24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/National_Library_of_Ireland_MS_G10_p24.jpg/220px-National_Library_of_Ireland_MS_G10_p24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="1084"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 309px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/National_Library_of_Ireland_MS_G10_p24.jpg/220px-National_Library_of_Ireland_MS_G10_p24.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="309" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/National_Library_of_Ireland_MS_G10_p24.jpg/330px-National_Library_of_Ireland_MS_G10_p24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/National_Library_of_Ireland_MS_G10_p24.jpg/440px-National_Library_of_Ireland_MS_G10_p24.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Excerpt from the Irish <a href="/wiki/Martyrology_of_Oengus" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrology of Oengus">Feastology of Oengus</a>, presenting the entries for 1 and 2 January in the form of quatrains of four six-syllabic lines for each day. In this 16th-century copy (MS G10 at the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">National Library of Ireland</a>) we find pairs of two six-syllabic lines combined into bold lines, amended by glosses and notes that were added by later authors.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the number of recognized saints increased during <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a> and the first half of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, eventually every day of the year had at least one saint who was commemorated on that date. To deal with this increase, some saints were moved to alternate days in some traditions or completely removed, with the result that some saints have different feast days in different calendars. For example, saints <a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a> died on 7 March, but this date was later assigned to St. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, allowing them only a commemoration (see <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine calendar</a>), so in 1908 they were moved one day earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the 1969 reform of the Catholic calendar moved him to 28 January, they were moved back to 7 March (see <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>). Both days can thus be said to be their feast day, in different traditions. The <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>, which list those saints celebrated in the entire church, contains only a selection of the saints for each of its days. A fuller list is found in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Martyrology" title="Roman Martyrology">Roman Martyrology</a>, and some of the saints there may be celebrated locally. </p><p>The earliest feast days of saints were those of martyrs, venerated as having shown for Christ the greatest form of love, in accordance with the teaching: "Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint <a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Tours" title="Martin of Tours">Martin of Tours</a> is said to be the first<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or at least one of the first non-martyrs to be venerated as a saint. The title "<a href="/wiki/Confessor" title="Confessor">confessor</a>" was used for such saints, who had confessed their faith in Christ by their lives rather than by their deaths. Martyrs are regarded as dying in the service of the Lord, and confessors are people who died natural deaths. A broader range of titles was used later, such as: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">Pastor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a>, Founder, <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, Apostle, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Missal</a> has <a href="/wiki/Common_(liturgy)" title="Common (liturgy)">common formulæ</a> for Masses of Martyrs, Confessors who were bishops, Doctors of the Church, Confessors who were not Bishops, Abbots, Virgins, Non-Virgins, Dedication of Churches, and Feast Days of the Blessed Virgin Mary. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> added a common formula for Popes. The <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1962 Roman Missal of Pope John XXIII</a> omitted the common of Apostles, assigning a proper Mass to every feast day of an Apostle. The present <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a> has common formulas for the Dedication of Churches, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Martyrs (with special formulas for missionary martyrs and virgin martyrs), pastors (subdivided into bishops, generic pastors, founders of churches, and missionaries), Doctors of the Church, Virgins, and (generic) Saints (with special formulas for abbots, monks, nuns, religious, those noted for works of mercy, educators, and [generically] women saints). </p><p>This <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a> system, when combined with major <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">church</a> festivals and movable and immovable feasts, constructs a very human and personalised yet often localized way of organizing the year and identifying dates. Some Christians continue the tradition of dating by saints' days: their works may appear "dated" as "The Feast of <a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Tours" title="Martin of Tours">Saint Martin</a>". </p><p>As different Christian jurisdictions parted ways theologically, differing lists of saints began to develop. This happened because the same individual may be considered differently by one church; in extreme examples, one church's saint may be another church's heretic, as in the cases of <a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_Flavian_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop Flavian of Constantinople">Archbishop Flavian of Constantinople</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Ranking_of_feast_days">Ranking of feast days</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Calendar_of_saints&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ranking of feast days" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar_(Lutheran)#Structure" title="Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)">Liturgical calendar (Lutheran) § Structure</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> feast days are ranked in accordance with their importance. In the post-<a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a> form of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a>, feast days are ranked (in descending order of importance) as <a href="/wiki/Solemnity" title="Solemnity">solemnities</a>, feasts or <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(liturgy)" title="Memorial (liturgy)">memorials</a> (obligatory or optional).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a>'s 1960 <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a>, whose use remains authorized by the <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i>, divides liturgical days into I, II, III, and IV class days. Those who use even earlier forms of the Roman Rite rank feast days as doubles (of three or four kinds), Semidoubles, and Simples. See <a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite#Feast_days" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> the ranking of feasts varies from church to church. In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> they are: <a href="/wiki/Great_Feasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Feasts">Great Feasts</a>, middle, and minor feasts. Each portion of such feasts may also be called feasts as follows: <a href="/wiki/All-night_vigil" title="All-night vigil">All-night vigils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyeleos" title="Polyeleos">Polyeleos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Doxology" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Doxology">Great Doxology</a>, Sextuple ("sixfold", having six <a href="/wiki/Stichera" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichera">stichera</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a> and six <a href="/wiki/Troparia" class="mw-redirect" title="Troparia">troparia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Canon_(hymnography)" title="Canon (hymnography)">Canon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Matins</a>). There are also distinctions between Simple feasts and double (i.e., two simple feasts celebrated together). In Double Feasts, the order of hymns and readings for each feast are rigidly instructed in <a href="/wiki/Typikon" title="Typikon">Typikon</a>, the liturgy book. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a> celebrate Festivals, Lesser Festivals, Days of Devotion, and Commemorations.<sup id="cite_ref-Senn2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senn2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, mother Church of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, there are <a href="/wiki/Principal_Feast" title="Principal Feast">Principal Feasts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principal_Holy_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal Holy Day">Principal Holy Days</a>, <a href="/wiki/Festival_(Church_of_England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival (Church of England)">Festivals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser Festival">Lesser Festivals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(observance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commemoration (observance)">Commemorations</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Connection_to_tropical_cyclones">Connection to tropical cyclones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Calendar_of_saints&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Connection to tropical cyclones" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Before the advent of <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_naming" title="Tropical cyclone naming">standardized naming of tropical storms and hurricanes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_basins" title="Tropical cyclone basins">North Atlantic basin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storm">tropical storms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_hurricane" title="Atlantic hurricane">hurricanes</a> that affected the island of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> were informally named after the Catholic saints corresponding to the feast days when the cyclones either made landfall or started to seriously affect the island. Examples are: the 1780 San Calixto hurricane (more widely known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Hurricane_of_1780" title="Great Hurricane of 1780">Great Hurricane of 1780</a>, the deadliest in the North Atlantic basin's <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a>; named after <a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Pope Callixtus I</a> (Saint Callixtus), whose feast day is October 14),<sup id="cite_ref-Mujica_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mujica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/1867_San_Narciso_hurricane" title="1867 San Narciso hurricane">1867 San Narciso hurricane</a> (named after Saint <a href="/wiki/Narcissus_of_Jerusalem" title="Narcissus of Jerusalem">Narcissus of Jerusalem</a>, feast day October 29),<sup id="cite_ref-Mujica_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mujica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/1899_San_Ciriaco_hurricane" title="1899 San Ciriaco hurricane">1899 San Ciriaco hurricane</a> (the deadliest in the island's recorded history; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Cyriacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Cyriacus">Saint Cyriacus</a>, August 8),<sup id="cite_ref-Mujica_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mujica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/1928_San_Felipe_hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="1928 San Felipe hurricane">1928 San Felipe hurricane</a> (the strongest in terms of measured wind speed; <a href="/wiki/September_13_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)#Pre-Schism_Western_Saints" title="September 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)">Saint Philip</a>, father of Saint <a href="/wiki/Eugenia_of_Rome" title="Eugenia of Rome">Eugenia of Rome</a>, September 13),<sup id="cite_ref-Mujica_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mujica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/1932_San_Ciprian_hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="1932 San Ciprian hurricane">1932 San Ciprian hurricane</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cyprian_and_Justina" title="Cyprian and Justina">Saint Cyprian</a>, September 26).<sup id="cite_ref-Mujica_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mujica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This practice continued until quite some time after the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Weather_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Weather Bureau">United States Weather Bureau</a> (now called the National Weather Service) started <a href="/wiki/History_of_tropical_cyclone_naming" title="History of tropical cyclone naming">publishing and using official female human names</a> (initially; male names were added starting in 1979 after the NWS relinquished control over naming to the <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>). The last two usages of this informal naming scheme in Puerto Rico were in 1956 (<a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy_(1956)" title="Hurricane Betsy (1956)">Hurricane Betsy</a>, locally nicknamed Santa Clara after Saint <a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a>, feast day August 12 back then; her feast day was advanced one day in 1970) and 1960 (<a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Donna" title="Hurricane Donna">Hurricane Donna</a>, nicknamed San Lorenzo after Saint <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Giustiniani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Giustiniani">Lawrence Justinian</a>, September 5 back then; feast day now observed January 8 by <a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a> of St. <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Mujica_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mujica-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Calendar_of_saints&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="32" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/48px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/64px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/22px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/22px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="22" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/33px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/44px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">Calendar of saints (Church of England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa)" title="Calendar of saints (Anglican Church of Southern Africa)">Calendar of saints (Anglican Church of Southern Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Lutheran)" title="Calendar of saints (Lutheran)">Calendar of saints (Lutheran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Orthodox_Tewahedo)" title="Calendar of saints (Orthodox Tewahedo)">Calendar of saints (Orthodox Tewahedo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diario_Romano" title="Diario Romano">Diario Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronal_feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Patronal feast day">Patronal feast day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Mabsant" title="Gŵyl Mabsant">Gŵyl Mabsant</a> – Welsh saints' days</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints" title="List of saints">List of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Calendar_of_saints&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120727200851/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/feast">"feast – definition of feast in English from the Oxford dictionary"</a>. <i>oxforddictionaries.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/feast">the original</a> on 27 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oxforddictionaries.com&rft.atitle=feast+%E2%80%93+definition+of+feast+in+English+from+the+Oxford+dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Ffeast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalendar+of+saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160620183514/http://learn.columbia.edu/treasuresofheaven/relics/">"Relics and Reliquaries – Treasures of Heaven"</a>. <i>columbia.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learn.columbia.edu/treasuresofheaven/relics/">the original</a> on 20 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Relics+and+Reliquaries+%E2%80%93+Treasures+of+Heaven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.learn.columbia.edu%2Ftreasuresofheaven%2Frelics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalendar+of+saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Calendarium Romanum</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2015:13&version=nrsv">John 15:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202052800/http://allsaintsbrookline.org/celtic/saints/martin.html">"Commemoration of St. Martin of Tours"</a>. All Saints Parish. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allsaintsbrookline.org/celtic/saints/martin.html">the original</a> on 2 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemoration+of+St.+Martin+of+Tours&rft.pub=All+Saints+Parish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallsaintsbrookline.org%2Fceltic%2Fsaints%2Fmartin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalendar+of+saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202013257/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-371434.html">"Saint Martin of Tours"</a>. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-371434.html">the original</a> on 2 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Martin+of+Tours&rft.pub=Britannica+Concise+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1B1-371434.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalendar+of+saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140925094626/http://www.scborromeo.org/litcal.htm">"Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church of Picayune, MS – General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar"</a>. <i>scborromeo.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/litcal.htm">the original</a> on 25 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scborromeo.org&rft.atitle=Saint+Charles+Borromeo+Catholic+Church+of+Picayune%2C+MS+%E2%80%93+General+Norms+for+the+Liturgical+Year+and+the+Calendar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scborromeo.org%2Flitcal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalendar+of+saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Senn2012-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Senn2012_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenn2012" class="citation book cs1">Senn, Frank C. (2012). <i>Introduction to Christian Liturgy</i>. Fortress Press. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-2433-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-2433-1"><bdi>978-1-4514-2433-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Christian+Liturgy&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-2433-1&rft.aulast=Senn&rft.aufirst=Frank+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalendar+of+saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mujica-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mujica_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mujica_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mujica_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mujica_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mujica_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mujica_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMújica-Baker" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mújica-Baker, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022947/http://www.gobierno.pr/NR/rdonlyres/49EA64D0-305B-4881-8B85-04B518004BD5/0/Ciclones_en_PR.pdf">Huracanes y tormentas que han afectado a Puerto Rico</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report) (in Spanish). Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el Manejo de Emergencias y Administración de Desastres. pp. 4, 7–10, 12–14. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gobierno.pr/NR/rdonlyres/49EA64D0-305B-4881-8B85-04B518004BD5/0/Ciclones_en_PR.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Huracanes+y+tormentas+que+han+afectado+a+Puerto+Rico&rft.pages=4%2C+7-10%2C+12-14&rft.pub=Estado+Libre+Asociado+de+Puerto+Rico%2C+Agencia+Estatal+para+el+Manejo+de+Emergencias+y+Administraci%C3%B3n+de+Desastres&rft.aulast=M%C3%BAjica-Baker&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gobierno.pr%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F49EA64D0-305B-4881-8B85-04B518004BD5%2F0%2FCiclones_en_PR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalendar+of+saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019002209/https://www.ecu.edu/renci/StormsToLife/SanCiriaco/index.html">"San Ciriaco Hurricane"</a>. <i>East Carolina University, RENCI Engagement Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecu.edu/renci/StormsToLife/SanCiriaco/index.html">the original</a> on 19 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East+Carolina+University%2C+RENCI+Engagement+Center&rft.atitle=San+Ciriaco+Hurricane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecu.edu%2Frenci%2FStormsToLife%2FSanCiriaco%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalendar+of+saints" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Calendar_of_saints&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saints_days" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saints days">Saints days</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saints.sqpn.com/today-on-the-calendar/">Today's Saints on the Calendar (Catholic Church)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221053105/http://www.saintjosaphat.org.ua/kalendar/">Greek Catholic Saints' Calendar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholic Church</a>) <span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oca.org/FSlives.asp?SID=4">Calendar of Saints</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ponomar.net/cgi-bin/menologion.cgi">Orthodox Calendar</a> (Ponomar Project)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/210/"><i>Butler's Lives of the Saints</i></a> Bartleby.com</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecatholic2000.com/saints.shtml">"Selected lives, writings and devotions"</a>. <i>ecatholic2000</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131114023922/https://www.ecatholic2000.com/saints.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1730923151"> <span>Last edited on 6 November 2024, at 19:59</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تقويم القديسين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقويم القديسين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCq%C9%99dd%C9%99sl%C9%99r_t%C9%99qvimi" title="Müqəddəslər təqvimi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müqəddəslər təqvimi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Літургічны год у рымскім абрадзе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літургічны год у рымскім абрадзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santoral" title="Santoral – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Santoral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiligenkalender" title="Heiligenkalender – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heiligenkalender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Εορτολόγιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εορτολόγιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendaro_de_sanktuloj" title="Kalendaro de sanktuloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalendaro de sanktuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santuen_egutegi" title="Santuen egutegi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Santuen egutegi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تقویم قدیسین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تقویم قدیسین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrier_des_saints" title="Calendrier des saints – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calendrier des saints" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santoral" title="Santoral – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Santoral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B8%EB%A0%A5" title="성인력 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성인력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_orang_kudus" title="Kalender orang kudus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalender orang kudus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BDrlingadagur" title="Dýrlingadagur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dýrlingadagur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_dei_santi" title="Calendario dei santi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calendario dei santi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חגי קדושים נוצרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חגי קדושים נוצרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="ഓർമ്മത്തിരുന്നാൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓർമ്മത്തിരുന്നാൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendar_santo" title="Kalendar santo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalendar santo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiligenkalender" title="Heiligenkalender – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Heiligenkalender" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA%E6%9A%A6" title="聖人暦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聖人暦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_hagiol%C3%B3gico" title="Calendário hagiológico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calendário hagiológico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendarul_sfin%C8%9Bilor" title="Calendarul sfinților – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calendarul sfinților" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendari_katoliko-romak_i_shenjtor%C3%ABve" title="Kalendari katoliko-romak i shenjtorëve – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kalendari katoliko-romak i shenjtorëve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="සාන්තුවරයන්ගේ දින දර්ශනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සාන්තුවරයන්ගේ දින දර්ශනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koledar_svetnikov" title="Koledar svetnikov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Koledar svetnikov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendar_svetaca" title="Kalendar svetaca – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalendar svetaca" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyhimyskalenteri" title="Pyhimyskalenteri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyhimyskalenteri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helgonkalender" title="Helgonkalender – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Helgonkalender" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azizler_takvimi" title="Azizler takvimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azizler takvimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تقویم برائے مقدسین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تقویم برائے مقدسین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%85_th%C3%A1nh_quan_th%E1%BA%A7y" title="Lễ thánh quan thầy – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lễ thánh quan thầy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA%E6%9B%86" title="聖人曆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖人曆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 19:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-wgzmv","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.759","walltime":"0.992","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2138,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":199621,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1847,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":81961,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 706.069 1 -total"," 23.11% 163.179 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.72% 125.132 1 Template:In_lang"," 16.79% 118.578 7 Template:Cite_web"," 12.81% 90.456 1 Template:Personal_names"," 11.88% 83.852 9 Template:Navbox"," 10.07% 71.072 1 Template:Commons_category"," 9.68% 68.371 1 Template:Sister_project"," 9.38% 66.237 1 Template:Side_box"," 9.33% 65.869 1 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