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> <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音位變體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音位變體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>音位變體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音位變體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音位搭字母系統" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音位搭字母系統"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>音位搭字母系統</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音位搭字母系統-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-別樣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#別樣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>別樣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-別樣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參攷資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參攷資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參攷資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參攷資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">音位</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。118种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118種閒話</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foneem" title="Foneem – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Foneem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonem" title="Phonem – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Phonem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وحدة صوتية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحدة صوتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonem" title="Phonem – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Phonem" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuonema" title="Fuonema – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Fuonema" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фанема – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фанема" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фанэма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фанэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE" title="স্বনিম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বনিম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="སྒྲ་ཚན། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒྲ་ཚན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonem" title="Phonem – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Phonem" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Абяалбари – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Абяалбари" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="فۆنیم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فۆنیم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A9m" title="Foném – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Foném" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%A1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фѡнима – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Фѡнима" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffonem" title="Ffonem – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffonem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonem" title="Phonem – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phonem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Φώνημα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φώνημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phoneme" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonemo" title="Fonemo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fonemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foneem" title="Foneem – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Foneem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="واج – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foneemi" title="Foneemi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Foneemi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phon%C3%A8me" title="Phonème – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phonème" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foneem" title="Foneem – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Foneem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3in%C3%A9im" title="Fóinéim – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fóinéim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipu" title="Taipu – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Taipu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myn-heean" title="Myn-heean – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Myn-heean" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%94" title="פונמה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פונמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्वनिम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वनिम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Phoneme" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A8m" title="Fonèm – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fonèm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A9ma" title="Fonéma – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fonéma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Հնչույթ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնչույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonema" title="Phonema – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Phonema" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponema" title="Ponema – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ponema" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonemo" title="Fonemo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fonemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0an" title="Hljóðan – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hljóðan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" title="音素 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="音素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ფონემა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფონემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EC%86%8C" title="음소 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vac" title="Vac – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Vac" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonema" title="Phonema – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phonema" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foneem" title="Foneem – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Foneem" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funema" title="Funema – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Funema" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C4%93ma" title="Fonēma – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fonēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasimpeo" title="Hasimpeo – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hasimpeo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="സ്വനിമം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വനിമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneem" title="Phoneem – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Phoneem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foneem" title="Foneem – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Foneem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foneme" title="Foneme – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Foneme" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A8ma" title="Fonèma – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fonèma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Фонемæ – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фонемæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE" title="ਧੁਨੀਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧੁਨੀਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA" title="صوت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صوت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DA%96%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87_%DA%85%D9%BE%D9%87" title="غږيزه څپه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غږيزه څپه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funemi" title="Funemi – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Funemi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Phoneme" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88" title="صوتيو – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="صوتيو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phoneme" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%A9ma" title="Fonéma – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fonéma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonem" title="Phonem – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Phonem" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fonem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonimu" title="Fonimu – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fonimu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒலியன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலியன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="หน่วยเสียง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยเสียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponema" title="Ponema – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ponema" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesbirim" title="Sesbirim – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sesbirim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фонема – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фонема" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%81" title="صوتیہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صوتیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_v%E1%BB%8B" title="Âm vị – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Âm vị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foninme" title="Foninme – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Foninme" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonema" title="Fonema – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fonema" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="פאנעם – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאנעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⴼⵓⵏⵉⵎ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴼⵓⵏⵉⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="音位" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Im-sò͘ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Im-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" title="音素 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="音素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8183#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名字空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&variant=wuu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu"><span>原文</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-wuu-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&variant=wuu-hans" lang="wuu-Hans" hreflang="wuu-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-wuu-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&variant=wuu-hant" lang="wuu-Hant" hreflang="wuu-Hant"><span>正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="视图"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">家生</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">家生</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit" title="编辑该只页面个源码[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=history"><span>望历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="链到箇里个所有wiki页面个清单[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链进来点啥</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" rel="nofollow" title="箇页链出去个全部页箇阶段变化[k]" accesskey="k"><span>搭界个改动</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=wuu" title="上传文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特别页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&oldid=220333" title="箇页当前版本个老世链接"><span>老世链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&id=220333&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关哪亨引用箇页个信息"><span>引用箇篇文章</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwuu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%259F%25B3%25E4%25BD%258D"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwuu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%259F%25B3%25E4%25BD%258D"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D"><span>创建书本</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=show-download-screen"><span>作为PDF下载</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&printable=yes" title="箇页个打印版[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印版</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 别个项目里向 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phonemes" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8183" title="链接到有关数据存储库项[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自维基百科，自由个百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="wuu" dir="ltr"><div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="font-size: small;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stub_W.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/36px-Stub_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/54px-Stub_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/72px-Stub_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span>箇篇文章內容忒少哉，儂要是畀佢<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit">修改搭補加內容</a></span>便最好哉。</div> <p><b>音位</b>（英语：<span class="lang-en" lang="en">Phoneme</span>），又譯<b>音素</b>，是人類<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>中能够區別意义个最小聲音单位<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D%E5%AD%A6" title="音位学">音位學</a>分析个基礎概念。一隻<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">字</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詞語（页面弗存在）">詞</a>可由一至數個<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音節</a>組成，一個音節可由一至數個「音段」（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">元音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">輔音</a>等）組成。音位與音段很類似，然而音位个基本定義是要能區分<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語義（页面弗存在）">語義</a>，假使兩個聲音所代表是同一個詞彙、同樣个意義，則異音可畀視爲同一個音位；反轉來講，一個詞个任何一個音位假使畀調成別个，葛末佢就弗再是原來个伊隻詞，意義也會隨之改變。有意義个詞儕可由音位組成，然而代換其中任何音位卻弗能保證產生有意義个詞，也有可能變成無意義个一串音。每個語言儕有自家个一組音位，箇也就是昰個語言个語音系統<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，音位可用來研究某個特定語言中<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E7%84%B6" title="如然">如然</a>擔音組合成詞。音位有辰光畀譯成功「音素」<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>音位並弗是一個實際个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語音（页面弗存在）">語音</a>。一個音位可以有幾種弗同个發音，但是語言使用者心理丄認定昰幾種發音是等同个，甚至可能弗會察覺語音上有所弗同。昰種音位內个弗同發音，稱爲<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E5%BC%82%E9%9F%B3" title="同位异音">同位異音</a></b>或<b>音位變體</b>。音位可畀視爲一族相關个聲音，然而爲仔便於描述一個音位，通常會取昰群聲音當中最具代表性个一個來稱呼整族聲音。譬如，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>中<span lang="en">lip</span>搭<span lang="en">bell</span>个<span lang="en">l</span>發音是弗同个，前者是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%82%8A%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齒齦邊音（页面弗存在）">齒齦邊音</a> <span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[l]</span> ，後者是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E9%A1%8E%E5%8C%96%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%82%8A%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軟顎化齒齦邊音（页面弗存在）">軟顎化齒齦邊音</a> <span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɫ]</span> ，然而昰個衹不過 <span lang="en">l</span> 在出現垃弗同位置、弗同於前後境環所發生个語音變化，因此昰兩隻音儕視爲同一個/l/音位。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="音位變體"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E4.BD.8D.E8.AE.8A.E9.AB.94"></span>音位變體</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：音位變體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoneme-allophone-determination-chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Phoneme-allophone-determination-chart.svg/250px-Phoneme-allophone-determination-chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Phoneme-allophone-determination-chart.svg/375px-Phoneme-allophone-determination-chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Phoneme-allophone-determination-chart.svg/500px-Phoneme-allophone-determination-chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>圖个基本程序是確定兩個語音是否爲同位異音.</figcaption></figure> <p>一個音位包含一些弗同个音，昰些音稱爲音位變體、同位音或同位異音。譬如<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>“三”字發音是 [san]，昰隻是標準發音，是音位个“典型”；如果是一個大舌頭个人，佢个發音可能是[θan]。 s和th屬於同一個音位，昰個音位有兩隻變體。 </p> <ul><li>條件變體：出現在一定个條件下，如/a/音位有四個變體，佢拉分別出現垃弗同个條件下。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%AE%8A%E7%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由變異（页面弗存在）">自由變異</a>：無條件變體，像<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%BD%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陽平（页面弗存在）">陽平</a>無條件變爲上升調，譬如:澳門、花園等詞个第二字。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="音位搭字母系統"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E4.BD.8D.E6.90.AD.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1"></span>音位搭字母系統</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：音位搭字母系統"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般認爲音位是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="字母系统">字母</a>書寫系統个基礎，在昰類系統裏向<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%8D" title="字位">字位</a>多半表示其<a class="mw-selflink selflink">音位</a>。若字母是針對某一種語言發明辰光，昰種情形格外明顯。譬如拉丁文是爲了古拉丁語發明，因此當時个拉丁文幾乎是一個字位對應一個音位，不過弗考慮用字位去表示音位个母音強度。不過因爲口說語言時常在變化，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" title="正写法">正寫法</a>弗一定會隨之變化，再加上<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>个差異，形態音系學在正寫法上个影響，以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="外来语">外來語</a>个使用，因此有些語言个字位搭音位很弗容易對應。 </p><p>英語畀認爲是一種典型个非音素化語言，由於英語詞彙个語源交關多樣化，交關單詞个拼寫法保留了原來个形式，再加上<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="元音大推移（页面弗存在）">元音大推移</a>等因素个影響，使得英語个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%BC%E5%86%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拼写（页面弗存在）">拼字</a>與實際發音呈現高度弗對應。歷史丄有得交關英語拼寫改革方案曾畀提出，可參見<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E5%AF%AB%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英語拼寫改革（页面弗存在）">英語拼寫改革</a>。反之，<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="意大利语">意大利語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙語">西班牙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="芬兰语">芬蘭語</a>、人工語言个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="世界語">世界語</a>則是拼寫法與音位高度對應个實例。 </p><p>字母搭音位之間个對應弗一定是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對射（页面弗存在）">一一對應</a>个關係。一個音位可能會用二個字母或是三個字母个組合表示（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="二合字母">二合字母</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三合字母（页面弗存在）">三合字母</a>）。像<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>个<sh>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="德文">德文</a>个<sch>都表示音位<span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʃ/</span>)。而一個字母也可能表示多個音位，像西里爾字母<a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" title="Я">я</a>在弗同位置下發音也可能會弗同。也可能有些拼字及發音个規則（像<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利文（页面弗存在）">意大利文</a>个<c>），因此音位搭字母个關係就更複雜了，不過假使已知規則，大致上還是可能預設某一拼寫方式文字个發音。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="別樣"><span id=".E5.88.A5.E6.A8.A3"></span>別樣</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：別樣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語音（页面弗存在）">語音</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音韻學（页面弗存在）">音韻學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="语音学">语音学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同位音（页面弗存在）">同位音</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E8%A1%A5%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互补分布（页面弗存在）">互补分布</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英語國際音標（页面弗存在）">英語國際音標</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%AE%8A%E7%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由變異（页面弗存在）">自由變異</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最小對立體（页面弗存在）">最小對立體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D%E5%AD%A6" title="音位学">音位學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語音組合法（页面弗存在）">語音組合法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="聲調">聲調</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參攷資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E6.94.B7.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參攷資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參攷資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=phoneme">phoneme <small>(Lexicon of Linguistics)</small></a> <span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color:#555; position: relative;">(en)</span>. Universiteit Utrecht. 访问日脚2014-11-03.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPhoneme.htm">What is a phoneme?</a> <span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color:#555; position: relative;">(en)</span>. SIL International. 访问日脚2014-11-03.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.fju.edu.tw/phonetic/phonemics_what.htm">何謂音位學</a> <span style="font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold; color:#555; position: relative;">(zh)</span>. 輔仁大學語言學研究所. 访问日脚2014-11-03.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>苏诚忠 (2005-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yywzw.com/jt/wgyy/wgyyb10.htm">音素phoneme</a>. <i>《语言个本质》</i>. 语言文字网. 访问日脚2007-02-16.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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